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  • 7/30/2019 1 OS Designs Introduction

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    Copyright Veda Solutions (www.techveda.org) This is only a supplementary material to classroom session

    Architecture

    specific

    OS Designs

    Class Notes

    Operating System Designs

    Operating system serves as a platform to run all kinds of applications. Basically OS is integration of two

    modules.

    a) User Interfaceb) Kernel

    Generic Kernel

    System calls

    Hardware /Peripherals

    Kernel

    Loader

    Process

    management

    Access

    Control

    IPCMemory

    Management

    Network

    ServicesIO File

    system

    Device

    Drivers

    Hardware /Peripherals

    System calls

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    Copyright Veda Solutions (www.techveda.org) This is only a supplementary material to classroom session

    Kernel is a collection of various subsystems that provides services to an application.

    Loader, Kernel and Architecture specific together called as Core Subsystem. They are responsible forsystem initialization and resource management.

    Remaining all are called service subsystems.

    Architecture specific (HAL / BSP): This layer is responsible for platform initialization which includes processor

    and I/O controllers.

    In-Kernel: This layer is responsible for data initialization and initializing other kernel subsystems.

    Loader: This layer is responsible for loading an application by allocating required memory.

    Service Subsystems:

    These subsystems are responsible for providing resources for the applications at the runtime.

    TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

    1) General purpose OS:This type of OS is designed for desktop computers. It provides lots of services and supports any

    applications. Here the Kernel will be very heavy.

    2)

    Embedded OS:This type of OS is designed for closed devices usually targeted for RISC (Reduced Instruction Set

    computing) architecture, and services are fine tuned for specific set of applications. The kernel will be

    light.

    3) Real Time OS:This OS has fixed time response.

    Operating System Design:

    In earlier days, user applications and Kernel were aligned together. There by any bug in that application

    crashed the entire OS.

    To ensure that exceptions caused by an application do not result in kernel crash, memory (RAM) is logically

    partitioned into kernel space and User space. Applications are loaded in user space and Kernel is loaded in

    kernel space.

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    Copyright Veda Solutions (www.techveda.org) This is only a supplementary material to classroom session

    Monolithic Kernel:

    Most of the Desktop OS are monolithic. The applications are completely abstracted from kernel. The main drawback of Monolithic kernel is the buggy drivers installed from un-trusted sources can

    crash the kernel.

    Micro Kernel:

    U-space

    Middle ware

    K-space

    Application A Application CApplication B

    Stacks (TCP/IP, USB, )

    Driver

    Kernel Interrupt Handler

    Hardware Peripherals

    Application A Application CApplication B

    Driver A Stack(TCP/IP) Stack File system

    Kernel Driver B Interrupt

    Handler

    Hardware Peripherals

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    Copyright Veda Solutions (www.techveda.org) This is only a supplementary material to classroom session

    Here the third party services are put on the middle layer. Example: Android.

    ------------


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