1 of 10 10/01/2015 9:43 - repositori.unud.ac.id...home > vol 4, no 4 (2014) the international...
TRANSCRIPT
USER
Username liejasa
Password ●●●●●●●●●●
Remember meLogin
NOTIFICATIONS
ViewSubscribe
JOURNALCONTENT
Search
Search ScopeAll
Search
BrowseBy IssueBy AuthorBy Title
FONT SIZE
INFORMATION
For ReadersFor AuthorsFor Librarians
Journal Help
HOME ABOUT LOGIN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT
ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS
Home > Vol 4, No 4 (2014)
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) seeksto promote and disseminate knowledge of the various topics andtechnologies of renewable (green) energy resources. The journal aimsto present to the international community important results of work inthe fields of renewable energy research, development, application ordesign. The journal also aims to help researchers, scientists,manufacturers, institutions, world agencies, societies, etc. to keep upwith new developments in theory and applications and to providealternative energy solutions to current issues such as the greenhouseeffect, sustainable and clean energy issues. The International Journal of Renewable Energy Research is a quarterlypublished journal and operates an online submission and peer reviewsystem allowing authors to submit articles online and track theirprogress via its web interface. The journal aims for a publication speedof 60 days from submission until final publication. The coverage of IJRER includes the following areas, but not limited to:
Green (Renewable) Energy Sources and Systems (GESSs) as Windpower,Hydropower, Solar Energy, Biomass, Biofuel, GeothermalEnergy, Wave Energy, Tidal energy, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells, Li-ionBatteries, CapacitorsNew Trends and Technologies for GESSsPolicies and strategies for GESSsProduction of Energy Using Green Energy SourcesApplications for GESSsEnergy Transformation from Green Energy System to GridNovel Energy Conversion Studies for GESSsDriving Circuits for Green Energy SystemsControl Techniques for Green Energy SystemsGrid Interactive Systems Used in Hybrid Green Energy SystemsPerformance Analysis of Renewable Energy SystemsHybrid GESSsRenewable Energy Research and Applications for IndustriesGESSs for Electrical Vehicles and ComponentsArtificial Intelligence Studies in Renewable Energy SystemsComputational Methods for GESSsMachine Learning for Renewable Energy ApplicationsGESS DesignEnergy SavingsSustainable and Clean Energy IssuesPublic Awareness and Education for Renewable EnergyFuture Directions for GESSs
Online ISSN: 1309-0127
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) http://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/index
1 of 10 10/01/2015 9:43
IJRER is cited in SCOPUS
Announcements
Journal Statistics
Statistics of IJRER
Year
<< 2014 >>
Issues published 4
Items published 113
Total submissions 707
Peer reviewed 603
Accept 131 (22%)
Decline 472 (78%)
Days to review 32
Days to publication 91
Registered users 2615 (916new)
Registered readers 2120 (767new)
Posted: 2015-01-04
http://sites.uninova.pt/cpe2015
9th International Conference on Compatibility and Power Electronics
Posted: 2014-11-20
IJRER Ranks
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) http://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/index
2 of 10 10/01/2015 9:43
Select Cited Author
Cited Work
[SHOW EXPANDEDTITLES]
Year Volum
Aydin, E.
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2012 2
Mahersi, E.
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2012 2
Maruta, H.
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2011 1
Obaidullah, M.
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2012 2
Okedu, Kenneth E. INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2012 2
Olaofe, ZO
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2012 2
Olaofe, ZO
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2012 2
Roy, A INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2011 4
Salmi, T
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2012 2
Siddiqui, R
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2012 2
Tankari, M. A.
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2011 1
elect Cited Author
Cited Work
[SHOW EXPANDEDTITLES]
Year Volum
Belfedhal, S.
[Show all authors]
IJRER 2011 1
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) http://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/index
5 of 10 10/01/2015 9:43
Mansour, Mohamed
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2011 1
Salmi, Tarak
[Show all authors]
IJRER 2012 2
elect Cited Author
Cited Work
[SHOW EXPANDEDTITLES]
Year Volum
Aslani, A.
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2012 2
Ben Amar, F.
[Show all authors]
INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2011 1
Ibrahim, A. INT J RENEWABLE ENER 2011 1
Select Cited Author Cited Work Year Volum
Posted: 2013-11-12
Competition Announcements 2014
h p://www.eni.com/eni‐award/eng/bandi.shtml
Posted: 2013-10-02
Country List of Authors
Countries
IJRER Volumes/Issues
Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
India 2 3 4 8 7 10 9 11 9
Bangladesh 1 2 1 3 3 2 5 3 4
Algeria 2 1 2 3 9 4 3 2
Iran 1 3 1 1 3 4 2 1 3
Nigeria 1 1 1 2 3 2 5 5
Turkey 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 2 1
Tunusia 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Malaysia 1 2 1 1 1 1
Egypt 2 2 1 1 2
Thailand 3 3 2
Greece 1 1 1 2 1 1
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) http://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/index
6 of 10 10/01/2015 9:43
Japan 1 1 2 3
USA 1 1 1 2
Canada 1 1
Germany 3 1 1
South Africa 2 1 1 1
Oman 1 2 1 1
France 1 1
Italy 1 1
Ethiopia 1 3
Palestinian 1 1
Portugal 2
Kuwait 1 1
Pakistan 1 1
Indonesia 1
Tanzania 1
Tobago 2
Jordan
Australia 1
Rusia 1
U. ArabEmirates 1
Nepal
Spain 1
Argentina 1
Belgium 1
Brasil 1
Croatia 1
Czech Republic 1
Finland 1
Hong Kong 1
Hungary 1
Israel 1
Kenya 1
Morocco 1
Oklahoma 1
Taiwan 1
United Kingdom 1
Yemen 1
Cameroon 1
Vietnam 1
Ghana
Mexico
Albania
Mauritius
Qatar
5 7 11 16 20 20 28 35 35 35 34 3
Posted: 2014-12-28
Indexed Databases
http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=findJournals&uiLanguage=en&hybrid=&query=ijrer
IJRER is indexed in SCOPUS.
Google Scholar
http://www.scimagojr.com/index.php
Please visit the links below:
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) http://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/index
7 of 10 10/01/2015 9:43
http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=International+Journal+of+Renewabhttp://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100258747&tip=sid&clean=0
Posted: 2012-11-01
International Journal of Information Security Science
Please visit the link below for Information Security Science
http://www.ijiss.org/ijiss/index.php/ijiss
Posted: 2012-07-18
Google Analytics account number:
UA-8476012-19
Posted: 2011-08-10
More Announcements...
Vol 4, No 4 (2014): Vol4
Table of Contents
Articles
Aerodynamic Effect and Power from an Auxiliary Wind Turbine withSelected Motorcycles
Md Abdus Salam, Md Gholam Yazdani
PDF825
Modeling and Architectural Frame Work of Off-Board V2G Integratorfor Smart Grid
Santosh Kumar, Udaykumar R Yaragatti, Swapna Manasani
PDF831
MW Level Solar Powered Combined Cycle Plant with ThermalStorage: Thermodynamic Performance Prediction
Soumitra Mukhopadhyay, Sudip Ghosh
PDF839
Identification of Internal Parameters of a Mono-CrystallinePhotovoltaic Cell Models and Experimental Ascertainment
Ferdaous Masmoudi, Fatma Ben Salem, Nabil Derbel
PDF848
Effect of Environmental Conditions on Single and Double Diode PVsystem : Comparative Study
Ankit Gupta, Pawan Kumar, Rupendra Pachauri, Yogesh KumarChauhan
PDF858
Smart Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in ResidentialAreas: Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Concepts
Harun TURKER, Seddik Bacha
PDF871
Experimental Investigation on Combustion Characteristics of DIDiesel Engine Using Diethyl Ether Fumigation with Ethanol BlendedDiesel
sudhakar s, Sivaprakasam S
PDF878
Position Control Performance Improvement of DTC-SVM for anInduction Motor: Application to Photovoltaic Panel Position
Fatma Ben Salem, Nabil Derbel
PDF892
Study of Oscillatory Flow Heat Exchanger Used in Hybrid SolarSystem Fitted With Fixed Reflectors
VISHNU NARAYAN PALASKAR, SURESH PANDURANG DESHMUKH
PDF900
Hourly Performance Prediction of Solar Ejector-AbsorptionRefrigeration Based on Exergy and Exergoeconomic Concept
Fateme Ahmadi Boyaghchi, Reihaneh Taheri
PDF911
Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia PDF
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) http://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/index
8 of 10 10/01/2015 9:43
Mohd Zamri Ibrahim, Yong Kim Hwang, Marzuki Ismail, AliashimAlbani
923
Determination of Optimum Fixed and Adjustable Tilt Angles for SolarCollectors by Using Typical Meteorological Year Data for Turkey
Yohannes Berhane Gebremedhen
PDF928
Numerical Analysis of Effect of Pitch Angle on a Small Scale VerticalAxis Wind Turbine
Bose Sumantraa R., Chandramouli S., Premsai T. P., Prithviraj P.,Vivek Mugundhan, Ratna Kishore Velamati
PDF935
Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Energy System Using Ant ColonyOptimization
payal suhane
PDF942
Heat Rate Enhancement of IGCC Power Plant Coupled with Solarthermal power plant
Rasesh R Kotdawala, Jyothi V., Gaurav Kanaujia, Bharath Adapa
PDF948
Modeling and Simulation of Grid Inverter in Grid-ConnectedPhotovoltaic System
Atiqah Hamizah binti Mohd Nordin, Ahmad Maliki bin Omar,Hedzlin binti Zainuddin
PDF957
Back Surface Recombination Effect on the Ultra-Thin CIGS SolarCells by SCAPS
Naima TOUAFEK, R. Mahamadi
PDF964
Wind Power Assessment and Site Matching of Wind Turbines inLootak of Zabol
Kiana Rahmani, Alibakhsh Kasaeian, Mahdi Fakoor, AmirrezaKosari, Sayyedbenyamin Alavi
PDF976
Designing of a Small Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine & ItsPerformance Analysis in Respect of Bangladesh
Sanjib Kumar Nandi
PDF985
Modeling Components of Solar Street LightMohammad Ziaur Rahman, Nafisa Saraker, Afif Nazim
PDF991
Performance Evaluation of Sugarcane Stripper for Trash Recoverysidrah ashfaq
PDF997
Multi-Level Wind Turbine Inverter to Provide Grid Ancillary SupportAdel M. Nasiri, Yogesh Patel
PDF1008
Study the With Different Precursor Molarities the Calculation theUrbach Energy in the Undoped ZnO Thin Films
said benramache
PDF1012
An Alternative Model of Overshot Waterwheel Based on a TrackingNozzle Angle Technique for Hydropower Converter
Lie Jasa, Ardyono Priyadi, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo
PDF1019
New Location Selection Criterions for Solar PV Power PlantSUPRAVA CHAKRABORTY, PRADIP KUMAR SADHU, NITAI PAL
PDF1030
Dynamic Demand Balancing Using DSM Techniques in aGrid-Connected Hybrid System
Ben Christopher
PDF1041
A Study on Wind and Solar Energy Potentials in MalaysiaMuhamad Mansor
PDF1048
Development of a Microcontroller Based PV Emulator With CurrentControlled DC/DC Buck Converter
Chouki Balakishan, Sandeep Babu
PDF1055
Statistical Modelling of Wind Speed Data for Mauritiusasma zaynah dhunny, Roddy Michel Lollchund, RavindraBoojhawon, Soonil D.D.V. Rughooputh
PDF1064
Pitch Control of Wind Turbines Using IT2FL Controller Versus T1FLController
Behzad Bahraminejad, Mohammad Reza Iranpour, EhsanEsfandiari
PDF1077
Energy Characteristics of Five Indigenous Tree Species atKitulangalo Forest Reserve in Morogoro, Tanzania.
Christopher Thomas Warburg, Cecil Kithongo King'ondu
PDF1084
Investigation of Some Parameters Which Affects into the Efficiency PDF
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) http://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/index
9 of 10 10/01/2015 9:43
of Quantum Dot Intermediate Band Solar CellAbou El-Maaty M Aly
1093
A Comprehensive Study on Microgrid TechnologyRamazan Bayindir, Eklas Hossain, Ersan Kabalci, Ronald Perez
PDF1107
Multiplier Effects on Socioeconomic Development from Investmentin Renewable Energy Projects in Egypt: DESERTEC Versus Energyfor Local Consumption Scenarios
Noran Mohamed Farag, Nadejda Komendantova
PDF1118
Optimization of Parameters for Purification of Jatropha Curcas BasedBiodiesel Using Organic Adsorbents
sangita Banga, Pradeep K Varshney, Naveen Kumar, Madan Pal
PDF1125
Online ISSN: 1309-0127
www.ijrer.org
IJRER is cited in SCOPUS
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) http://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/index
10 of 10 10/01/2015 9:43
USER
Username liejasa
Password ●●●●●●●●●●
Remember me
Login
NOTIFICATIONS
ViewSubscribe
JOURNALCONTENT
Search
Search ScopeAll
Search
BrowseBy IssueBy AuthorBy Title
FONT SIZE
INFORMATION
For ReadersFor AuthorsFor Librarians
Journal Help
2014
Vol 4, No 4 (2014): Vol4
Vol 4, No 3 (2014): Vol4
Vol 4, No 2 (2014): Vol4
Vol 4, No 1 (2014): Vol4
2013
Vol 3, No 4 (2013): Vol3
Vol 3, No 3 (2013): Vol3
Vol 3, No 2 (2013): Vol3
Vol 3, No 1 (2013): Vol3
2012
Vol 2, No 4 (2012): Vol2
Vol 2, No 3 (2012): Vol2
Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Vol2
Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Vol2
2011
Vol 1, No 4 (2011): Vol1
Vol 1, No 3 (2011): Vol1
Vol 1, No 2 (2011): Vol1
Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Vol1
HOME ABOUT LOGIN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT
ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS
Home > Archives
Archives http://www.ijrer.org/index.php/ijrer/issue/archive
1 of 2 29/12/2014 19:36
USER
Username liejasa
Password ●●●●●●●●●●
Remember me
Login
NOTIFICATIONS
ViewSubscribe
JOURNALCONTENT
Search
Search ScopeAll
Search
BrowseBy IssueBy AuthorBy Title
FONT SIZE
INFORMATION
For ReadersFor AuthorsFor Librarians
Journal Help
HOME ABOUT LOGIN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT
ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS
Home > Archives > Vol 4, No 4 (2014)
Vol4
Table of Contents
Articles
Aerodynamic Effect and Power from an Auxiliary Wind Turbinewith Selected Motorcycles
Md Abdus Salam, Md Gholam Yazdani
PDF825
Modeling and Architectural Frame Work of Off-Board V2GIntegrator for Smart Grid
Santosh Kumar, Udaykumar R Yaragatti, Swapna Manasani
PDF831
MW Level Solar Powered Combined Cycle Plant with ThermalStorage: Thermodynamic Performance Prediction
Soumitra Mukhopadhyay, Sudip Ghosh
PDF839
Identification of Internal Parameters of a Mono-CrystallinePhotovoltaic Cell Models and Experimental Ascertainment
Ferdaous Masmoudi, Fatma Ben Salem, Nabil Derbel
PDF848
Effect of Environmental Conditions on Single and Double DiodePV system : Comparative Study
Ankit Gupta, Pawan Kumar, Rupendra Pachauri, Yogesh KumarChauhan
PDF858
Smart Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in ResidentialAreas: Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)Concepts
Harun TURKER, Seddik Bacha
PDF871
Experimental Investigation on Combustion Characteristics of DIDiesel Engine Using Diethyl Ether Fumigation with EthanolBlended Diesel
sudhakar s, Sivaprakasam S
PDF878
Position Control Performance Improvement of DTC-SVM for anInduction Motor: Application to Photovoltaic Panel Position
Fatma Ben Salem, Nabil Derbel
PDF892
Study of Oscillatory Flow Heat Exchanger Used in Hybrid SolarSystem Fitted With Fixed Reflectors
VISHNU NARAYAN PALASKAR, SURESH PANDURANGDESHMUKH
PDF900
Hourly Performance Prediction of Solar Ejector-AbsorptionRefrigeration Based on Exergy and Exergoeconomic Concept
Fateme Ahmadi Boyaghchi, Reihaneh Taheri
PDF911
Vol 4, No 4 (2014) http://www.ijrer.org/index.php/ijrer/issue/view/4785074604081163
1 of 3 29/12/2014 19:38
Wind Speed Modeling for MalaysiaMohd Zamri Ibrahim, Yong Kim Hwang, Marzuki Ismail,Aliashim Albani
PDF923
Determination of Optimum Fixed and Adjustable Tilt Angles forSolar Collectors by Using Typical Meteorological Year Data forTurkey
Yohannes Berhane Gebremedhen
PDF928
Numerical Analysis of Effect of Pitch Angle on a Small ScaleVertical Axis Wind Turbine
Bose Sumantraa R., Chandramouli S., Premsai T. P., PrithvirajP., Vivek Mugundhan, Ratna Kishore Velamati
PDF935
Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Energy System Using Ant ColonyOptimization
payal suhane
PDF942
Heat Rate Enhancement of IGCC Power Plant Coupled with Solarthermal power plant
Rasesh R Kotdawala, Jyothi V., Gaurav Kanaujia, BharathAdapa
PDF948
Modeling and Simulation of Grid Inverter in Grid-ConnectedPhotovoltaic System
Atiqah Hamizah binti Mohd Nordin, Ahmad Maliki bin Omar,Hedzlin binti Zainuddin
PDF957
Back Surface Recombination Effect on the Ultra-Thin CIGS SolarCells by SCAPS
Naima TOUAFEK, R. Mahamadi
PDF964
Wind Power Assessment and Site Matching of Wind Turbines inLootak of Zabol
Kiana Rahmani, Alibakhsh Kasaeian, Mahdi Fakoor, AmirrezaKosari, Sayyedbenyamin Alavi
PDF976
Designing of a Small Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine & ItsPerformance Analysis in Respect of Bangladesh
Sanjib Kumar Nandi
PDF985
Modeling Components of Solar Street LightMohammad Ziaur Rahman, Nafisa Saraker, Afif Nazim
PDF991
Performance Evaluation of Sugarcane Stripper for TrashRecovery
sidrah ashfaq
PDF997
Multi-Level Wind Turbine Inverter to Provide Grid AncillarySupport
Adel M. Nasiri, Yogesh Patel
PDF1008
Study the With Different Precursor Molarities the Calculation theUrbach Energy in the Undoped ZnO Thin Films
said benramache
PDF1012
An Alternative Model of Overshot Waterwheel Based on aTracking Nozzle Angle Technique for Hydropower Converter
Lie Jasa, Ardyono Priyadi, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo
PDF1019
New Location Selection Criterions for Solar PV Power PlantSUPRAVA CHAKRABORTY, PRADIP KUMAR SADHU, NITAI PAL
PDF1030
Dynamic Demand Balancing Using DSM Techniques in aGrid-Connected Hybrid System
Ben Christopher
PDF1041
A Study on Wind and Solar Energy Potentials in MalaysiaMuhamad Mansor
PDF1048
Development of a Microcontroller Based PV Emulator WithCurrent Controlled DC/DC Buck Converter
Chouki Balakishan, Sandeep Babu
PDF1055
Statistical Modelling of Wind Speed Data for Mauritiusasma zaynah dhunny, Roddy Michel Lollchund, RavindraBoojhawon, Soonil D.D.V. Rughooputh
PDF1064
Vol 4, No 4 (2014) http://www.ijrer.org/index.php/ijrer/issue/view/4785074604081163
2 of 3 29/12/2014 19:38
Pitch Control of Wind Turbines Using IT2FL Controller VersusT1FL Controller
Behzad Bahraminejad, Mohammad Reza Iranpour, EhsanEsfandiari
PDF1077
Energy Characteristics of Five Indigenous Tree Species atKitulangalo Forest Reserve in Morogoro, Tanzania.
Christopher Thomas Warburg, Cecil Kithongo King'ondu
PDF1084
Investigation of Some Parameters Which Affects into theEfficiency of Quantum Dot Intermediate Band Solar Cell
Abou El-Maaty M Aly
PDF1093
A Comprehensive Study on Microgrid TechnologyRamazan Bayindir, Eklas Hossain, Ersan Kabalci, Ronald Perez
PDF1107
Multiplier Effects on Socioeconomic Development fromInvestment in Renewable Energy Projects in Egypt: DESERTECVersus Energy for Local Consumption Scenarios
Noran Mohamed Farag, Nadejda Komendantova
PDF1118
Optimization of Parameters for Purification of Jatropha CurcasBased Biodiesel Using Organic Adsorbents
sangita Banga, Pradeep K Varshney, Naveen Kumar, MadanPal
PDF1125
Online ISSN: 1309-0127
www.ijrer.org
IJRER is cited in SCOPUS
Vol 4, No 4 (2014) http://www.ijrer.org/index.php/ijrer/issue/view/4785074604081163
3 of 3 29/12/2014 19:38
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH Jasa et al., Vol.4, No.4, 2014
An Alternative Model of Overshot Waterwheel
Based on a Tracking Nozzle Angle Technique for
Hydropower Converter
Lie Jasa*’ **, Ardyono Priyadi**, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo**‡
*Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
**Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Industry, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology,
Surabaya, Indonesia ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
‡ Corresponding Author; Mauridhi Hery Purnomo, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya
60111, Indonesia, Tel: +62 31 594 7302, Fax: +62 31 593 1237, [email protected]
Received: 25.09.2014 Accepted: 09.11.2014
Abstract- The efficiency of a waterwheel is a measure of its capacity to convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into
mechanical energy. The rotation of a waterwheel is influenced by several parameters including blade shape, number of blades,
nozzle angle, and rim diameter. This study focuses on finding the parameters that influence the rotations per minute (RPM) of
the waterwheel. The research method involved analysis, modelling, and a validation step. The results show that the triangular
blade was an improvement over previous research on waterwheels with propeller blades. Our experiments produced 5,73 higher
efficiency than a vane having a nozzle angle θ of 20°.
Keywords- Waterwheel, RPM, blade, nozzle.
1. Introduction
Global warming is a great concern to Indonesian
people[1]. More sustainable practices require the use of clean
energy sources. Achieving sustainable energy use requires
everyone to use energy wisely, and in a way friendly to the
environment. The developments of renewable energy sources
are necessary[2] because: (a) oil prices are unstable and (b)
mineral-based energy reserves are limited.
Hydroelectricity is an important component of the world’s
renewable energy supply. In 2011, hydroelectricity accounted
for 15% of the world electricity production[3],[4] Among all
renewable energy sources, water has the lowest cost and is the
most reliable resource. Micro-hydro is popular because of its
simple design, easy operation, and inexpensive installation[5].
Recent research of micro-hydro used a waterwheel in Dusun
Gambuk Pupuan Tabanan Bali, Indonesia[6],[7],[8] to
produce only 0,7 kW of energy. It is possible that the
waterwheel was inefficient because it was unable to convert
the maximum amount of water energy. The parameters of the
waterwheel included a head of 17 m, a water discharge of 40
L/sec, 23–26 rotations per minute (RPM), and a diameter of
200 Cm, which should produce more than 0,7 kW[9].
Hydropower systems are classified, in accordance with
their installation capacities, as large, medium-size, small, and
micro[10]. Micro-hydro systems generally have a generating
capacity of less than 100 kW. The capacity of power
generation is determined by the ability of the waterwheel to
convert the water’s kinetic energy into mechanical energy.
Physicists generally describe waterwheels as analogous to
physical, biological systems[11],[12],[13],[14]. Flowing
water flow has a capacity of energy, and the waterwheel
converts the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate
electricity. This study focuses on finding the parameters of the
waterwheel to produce a maximum RPM.
Research on hydropower converters show that some
parameters of the waterwheel design have great impact on
efficiency[15],[16]. Rotation of a waterwheel depends on the
radius, blade, water discharge, volume, and nozzle angle[17]
The volume of the blade is affected by gravitational force,
causing the waterwheel to rotate clockwise. The speed of the
waterwheel is measured in RPM, whereas the radius of the
waterwheel determines the torque produced.
Previous research examined the overshot waterwheel [15],
including the analysis of physical and mathematical models.
In this study, the authors analyzed an overshot waterwheel of
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH Second Author et al., Vol.4, No.4, 2014
1014
cross-flow turbine with mathematical models, especially
looking at the flow in the space between each blade, conducted
simulation of the model, made a prototype of the waterwheel,
and compared efficiency with previous research. A
waterwheel prototype was developed with an adjustable
nozzle length, nozzle position, and nozzle angle. The highest
RPM of the waterwheel is determined by adjusting these
parameters.
Propeller blade design developed by Denny[15] was
compared with our model. Both prototypes of the models were
developed with equal diameter, blade thickness, and blade
number. The purpose was to obtain real data for both models.
The technical results proved that our model was able to
produce higher RPM.
2. Design Overshot Waterwheels
2.1. Previous Model
The ideal overshot waterwheel[15] model has 12
triangular buckets attached to the wheel rim. Each bucket
moves freely on the horizontal axis. Buckets are filled with
water that drops vertically through the channel. The water-
filled bucket causes the waterwheel to spin. Low spill angles,
φ1, near the rim of the wheel cause the buckets to shed water;
otherwise, no water is spilled. It was assumed that the wheel
is frictionless and works by turning a millstone. The difference
between the ideal waterwheels and the real waterwheels is in
the mathematical analysis and physics, whereby an ideal
waterwheel does not exist. First, real waterwheels did not have
pivoted buckets. This design was adopted to ensure that water
does not spill out as the wheel turned. Instead, the rim of the
wheel is partitioned off into sections rotating with the wheel,
and so the amount of water spilled out increases as the spill
angle (φ) increases[15]. As the wheel turns, water also
splashes over the sides into the buckets and falls from the
higher buckets to lower buckets.
To make the overshot waterwheel model more realistic,
Denny[15] made a number of changes. First, real waterwheels
do not have pivoted buckets. Instead, the rim of the wheel is
portioned off into sections, as shown in Figure 1. They rotate
with the wheel, and so water spills out increasingly as φ
increases. Also, water splashes over the sides as it flows into
the buckets. Efficiency of overshot waterwheel model
developed by Denny, as shown at equation (1)
η = {1+sin(φ)} / {2 + v2/(2 g R)} (1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fig.1. Overshot waterwheel with canted vanes[15]
2.2. New Model
A new design of waterwheel blade shape is changed from
propeller into a triangle. The new model is compared with the
previous design to show if RPM changes with the change of
nozzle angle. The parameters of waterwheel include diameter,
blade thickness, blade number, and length of nozzle. Water
discharge was equal for all tests. The parameters of the model
used were diameter = 50 cm, thickness = 10 cm, number of
blades = 8, and length of nozzle = 13 cm. The design of the
model can be seen in Figure 2.
The blades are attached at the edge of the wheel and
installed following the line of the diameter rim. It was placed
on each line in the opposite direction between the left and right
side. It determines the direction of rotation of the waterwheel.
Mathematical analysis of the new waterwheel model is
described in more detail in section 3.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fig.2. Design of new model waterwheels
The waterwheel model is made from acrylic material and
rotates clockwise when water fills the blade. Details can be
seen in Figure 3. The video demonstration of this model can
be accessed at You Tube [18].
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH Second Author et al., Vol.4, No.4, 2014
1015
Fig.3. Model of waterwheels simulation
3. Mathematics Analysis of New Model
The waterwheel model is made in a standing position, and
the blades are placed between two rims. The water is
restrained on one-half of the blades, while the others are empty.
Influence of earth gravitational force on the volume of water
causes the wheel to spin on its axis. In this study, 16 triangular
blades were attached on the edge of the wheel. The number of
blades affects the simulation model, and is a consideration for
the ease of construction. Our experience shows that if the
waterwheel is inefficient, then water energy is not optimally
converted to mechanical energy.
SECTOR
A
SECTOR
B
SECTOR
C
Fig.4. Sector blade of waterwheel
Water volume of each blade is calculated depending on
the position of the blades on the rim while it is in motion. It is
computed by multiplying surface area by thickness of wheels.
With simple mathematics, the authors split the surface area of
the water on each blade into three sectors. The blades
positioned on the right side of the rim were divided into three
sectors, namely, A, B, and C, as in Figure 4. Sector A is at an
angle (α) between 0° and 45° (first quadrant includes blades 1,
2, 3, and 4). In sector A, α is the angle between vertical axis
with the surface line of blade positions 1, 2, 3, and 4 on the
rim. Sector B is at an angle (α) between 0° and 45° (first
quadrant includes blades 5, 6, 7, and 8). In sector B, α is the
angle between the horizontal axis and the surface line of blade
positions 5, 6, 7, and 8 on the rim. Sector C is an angle (α)
between 0° and (−45°) (fourth quadrant includes blades 9, 10,
11, and 12). In sector C, α is the angle between horizontal axis
with the surface line of blade positions 9, 10, 11, and 12 on the
rim.
3.1. Sector A
In Figure 5, we compute the surface area of QQXRUXQ.
It is obtained by computing the surface area of triangle QXR,
QQN, and RRM. Further, we compute the length of the line
MN, the surface area of a triangle MNX, and the area of
QQRRXQ, then the surface area of a triangle RRU and the
surface area of QQXRUXQ was obtained, as shown in
equation (3).
R
R
Q
Q
X
X
W
V
U
I
2
90
C
N
M
DQ
Q
X
RU
X
Fig.5. Surface area of sector A
Triangle QXR is computed by the following formula
LQXR = ¼ (QR)2 tan(θ) (2)
Area of RRU is computed as
LRRU =
{(PR)2 sin(½α)[cos(α)-cos(2α) sin(90-α)]/cos(θ-α)} (3)
Surface area of QQXRUXQ is equal to equation (3) minus
equation (2); the result is shown in equation (4).
Surface area of QQXRUXQ =
A = {2sin2(½α) tan(90-θ)[((PR)2+(PQ)2-½ (PR+PQ)2)]}
B = {½sin(½α)(PR+PQ) QR(tan(90-θ)tan (θ)+1)}
C = {½ (QR)2 tan(θ)}
D = {(PR)2 sin(½α)[cos(α)-cos(2α) sin(90-α)] / cos(θ-α)}
LQQXRUXQ = [A-B+C-D] (4)
3.2. Sector B
Figure 6 shows the computation of the surface area
TQXRT. First, the triangle QXR (equation 2) and TQR are
calculated. It is used to compute line TR and QS, then the
surface area of triangle TQR is obtained by summing the
triangle TQR and QXR, as shown by equation (7).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH Second Author et al., Vol.4, No.4, 2014
1016
Q
90
Q
X
R
R
2
T
S
2
X
X
R
Q
T
Fig.6. Surface area of sector B
Surface area of a triangle between points QRT is
computed by the formula:
LQRT = ½ (QR)2 tan(α) (5)
where the area of QXR is
LQXR = ¼ (QR)2 tan(θ) (6)
The surface area of TQXRT is computed with the
triangles QXR and QRT, and the result is shown in equation
(7)
LTQXRT = ¼ (QR)2[tan(θ)-2 tan(α)] (7)
3.3. Sector C
In Figure 7, we compute the plane area of AXR, where
line AR is the surface area of the water contacting the blade.
The angle BXA is represented with (β), the angle XRQ is
represented with θ, and the angle ARQ is represented with α;
therefore, the angle XRA is represented as (θ) − (α). The blade
angle of XRQ is equivalent to 180° − 2θ, which makes the
blade an isosceles triangle. So, a triangle of XBR is a right
triangle, whereby the angle of BXR is 90° − (θ − α).
Fig.7. Surface area of sector C
Surface triangle area of AXR is computed to use a length
line of RA and a height of triangle AXR. The area of triangle
AXR is shown in equation (8).
LAXR =
(QR)2{sin2(θ-α) tan(β)+sin(θ-α)cos(θ-α)}/(8cos2(θ)) (8)
4. Result and Discussion
4.1. Volume Blade Calculation
4.1.1. Simulation result
Applying equations (4), (7), and (8), the surface area of
each blade is computed using Matlab simulation. When
compared with previous research results[15], this study more
clearly shows the volume of each blade and inference during
blade movement at various angles (α). If the distribution of
water on each blade is known, then a moment of inertia of each
blade can be calculated. This result shows the influence of
water mass inside the blade that causes the waterwheel to spin.
4.1.2. Experiment result
To test the validity of equations (4), (7) and (8), we
compared the calculated results with manual measurements.
The process measurement is performed in the laboratory of
FMIPA Chemistry ITS Surabaya using a cup of 100 ml
PYREX brand IWAKI ±0.5 ml, whereby it is recorded when
a cup of water enters the blade. Similar steps are completed on
blades 2–12. The results of the experiment can be seen in
Figure 8.
Fig.8. Relationship volume and the number of blades
4.2. Obtaining the highest RPM by experiments
4.2.1. Nozzle length
During the experiment the nozzle length was varied, and
effect on the waterwheel was measured in RPM. The nozzle is
made of ½-inch-diameter-PVC pipe with lengths including 3,
5, 8, 10 and 12 cm. The position of the nozzle upon the blade
was at angles (α) of 0°, 11.25°, 22.5°, 45°, 56.25°, 67.5°,
78.75°, 90°, 101.25°, and 112.5° with the angle between
blades being 11.25°. Measurement RPM of the turbine uses
tachometer. It is placed on the horizontal axis of the
waterwheels. The experiment shows that a shorter nozzle will
result in a higher RPM. The highest RPM measurement
obtained was seen when the nozzle angle position was 56.25°
(blade 6) is 68.3. This is one adjustment that may increase the
efficiency of the turbine.
4.2.2. Nozzle angle direction
Nozzle angle (α) direction is an angle between the nozzle
and a vertical axis can be seen in Figure 9. It is always higher
than the blade’s position, because water fills the blades.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Number of blades
Vo
l[m
l]
Simulation
Experiment
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH Second Author et al., Vol.4, No.4, 2014
1017
1
2
3
4
5
67 8
Nozzle
AngleNozzle
Blades
Axle
Axis
Angle
Fig.9. Position of theta and alpha angle.
The process is done with a nozzle in a fixed position on the
blades; the direction of the nozzle is then adjusted from an
angle 0° to the angle at which water comes out of the rim (the
waterwheel is not turning). The direction of the nozzle is
adjusted, and then the RPM of the wheel is measured and
recorded. The analysis shows that the same angle position of
nozzle and blades results in greater RPM compared to a
perpendicular position. The largest RPM of the waterwheels
occurs when the blade angle is approximately 40.4°.
4.3. Comparison with the new model
This author makes two model waterwheels from acrylic
material with equal size where one of the blades is shaped like
a propeller (model A) and the other is shaped like a triangle
(model B). The RPM of the waterwheels is measured with a
tachometer. The RPM values are recorded at various positions
(i.e., nozzle angles). Each waterwheel consists of eight blades,
as compared to the mathematical analysis that evaluates
waterwheels with 16 blades.
The experiment is performed at angles of 0° and the
nozzle angle adjusted from 0° to 60°. The nozzle angle (α) of
model A is adjusted from 0° to 25°, but the nozzle angle in
model B ranges from 0° to 22.5°. The maximum RPM of
model A is 158.18 with a nozzle angle of 20°. The maximum
RPM of model B is 200.80 with a nozzle angle of 17.5°. This
result shows that the model B waterwheel moves 35% faster
than the model A waterwheel. Figure 10 shows the RPM of
model A versus model B.
Fig.10. RPM of model A higher than that of model B.
The next step is to compare the RPM of model A to model
B at angles of 5° and 10°. The maximum RPM of model A
was at 124.85 and 170.28 with nozzle angles of 20°. Model B
RPM was 182.95 and 194.70 with angles of 17.5° and 15°.
This result shows that the RPM of model A was lower than
that of B by approximately 50% and 13.4%, respectively.
The same comparisons were made for an angle axis (θ) of
15°, 20°, and 40°, which resulted in model A being nearly
equivalent to model B. The maximum RPM of model A was
224.52, 222.08, and 201.97, whereas the RPM of model B was
215.58, 213.58 and 204.025. Figure 11 shows the RPM of
model A versus model B.
Fig.11. RPM of model A equal model B.
The same experiment for an angle axis of 35° resulted in
model A being faster than model B. Maximum RPM of model
A was 193.1, whereas the maximum RPM of model B was
152.68. Figure 12 shows the RPM of model A as compared to
model B.
Fig.12. RPM of model A lower than that of model B
Having obtained the RPM ratio because of changes in
nozzle angle and axis, we can find the value of the efficiency
of the waterwheel. The value of the efficiency is calculated by
comparing the output power with input power. The input
power is calculated from the energy of water entering the
turbine. The output power is calculated from the value of
measuring currents and voltages on the generator. The results
of measurements of current (I) and voltage (V), and the results
of the calculation of power (P) and efficiency (η) is shown in
Table 1.
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
50
100
150
200
250Theta 0 Degrees
Alpha degree
RP
M
Model A
Model B
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
50
100
150
200
250Theta 15 Degrees
Alpha degree
RP
M
Model A
Model B
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200Theta 35 Degrees
Alpha degree
RP
M
Model B
Model A
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH Second Author et al., Vol.4, No.4, 2014
1018
Table 1. Comparison all of angle (θ) model A and model B
Angle
(θo)
Model A (Propeller) Model B (Triangle) (η)
efficiency
status
Opti
mal
(αo)
I
(A)
V
(V)
P
(W)
η
(%)
RPM
Max
Opti
mal
(αo)
I
(A)
V
(V)
P
(W)
η
(%)
RPM
Max
0 22,5 0,20 2,35 0,46 14,60 131,90 22,5 0,15 1,30 0,19 6,00 81,00 A>B
5 20 0,19 2,30 0,44 13,92 133,30 22,5 0,17 1,80 0,31 9,75 106,80 A>B
10 20 0,20 2,35 0,46 14,60*) 131,10 20 0,16 1,65 0,26 8,41 95,10 A>B
15 30 0,19 2,40 0,44 14,14 132,30 20 0,18 2,40 0,44 13,91 130,90 A=B
20 20 0,19 2,30 0,43 13,70 129,20 20 0,21 2,60 0,53 16,98 138,60 A<B
25 17,5 0,19 2,25 0,42 13,26 131,10 20 0,21 2,65 0,54 17,31 141,60 A<B
30 17,5 0,19 2,40 0,46 14,53 132,40 20 0,18 2,05 0,36 11,43 117,30 A>B
35 17,5 0,18 2,10 0,37 11,71 120,60 20 0,22 2,90 0,64 20,32*) 161,70 A<B
40 17,5 0,17 1,85 0,31 10,02 107,30 20 0,21 2,80 0,57 18,28 150,80 A<B
45 17,5 0,18 2,10 0,37 11,71 121,60 20 0,18 2,35 0,43 13,70 126,00 A<B *) Maximum of efficiency
Figure 13 and Figure 14 respectively show the resulting of
RPM waterwheel based on changes in nozzle angle (α) and
axis angle (θ) for models A and Model B. The maximum RPM
of Waterwheel triangle Model higher than the propeller model.
Fig.13. RPM of model A base on nozzle angle (α)
Fig.14. RPM of model B base on nozzle angle (α)
The total extractable hydraulic power from the flowing
water is given by the following expression: Pin = ρ g Q H.
Where Pin is the hydraulic power input to the wheel (W), ρ is
the density of water (1.000 kg/m3), g is the acceleration due to
gravity (9,81 m/s2), Q is the volumetric water flow rate
(0,00064 m3/s), H is the difference in line upstream and
downstream of the wheel = 0,5m. Pin is calculated (3.14 W).
Pout = V I. Where Pout is power output of small generator (W),
V is the measurement voltage (V) and I is the measurement
current of the circuit (A). The Efficiency is following
expression: η = Pout / Pin. The comparison of power output for
all axis angles between model A and B is shown in Figure 15.
Fig.15. Power output of model A versus model B
Fig.16. Efficiency of model A versus model B
The experimental results show that the maximum
efficiency of model A is approximately 14.60 at θ = 10°,
whereas in model B the maximum efficiency is approximately
20.32 at θ = 35°. The Efficiency of model A was lower than
that of model B at θ = 20°, 25°, 35°,40°, and 45°, but at θ = 0°,
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180Alpha VS Theta
Alpha (degrees)
RP
M
=0
=5
=10
=20
=35
=45
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 350
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180Alpha VS Theta
Alpha (degrees)
RP
M
=0
=5
=10
=20
=35
=45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
Theta degree
Wat
t
Model AModel B
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 456
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Theta degree
Eff
icie
ncy
Model B
Model A
Maximum
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH Second Author et al., Vol.4, No.4, 2014
1019
5°, 10°, 15°, and 30°, the RPM of model A was higher than
that of model B.
In Figure 16 is shown that the efficiency of the model A
higher than model B at an angle theta 0o until 15o. At this point
the water on the blades is able to optimally convert into energy.
Indeed, the energy is not so great because of it resulted from
the influence of the mass of water and gravity. This is
evidenced when the angle theta increases, the energy produced
on the wane.
5. Conclusion
Based on the section 4.1.2 above is found that the actual
volume of water attached to the waterwheel is 5.36 times the
volume of the blade. The capacity of water in the waterwheel
can be increased by increasing the width of the waterwheel
linearly, assuming that water flow is constant.
Rotation of the waterwheel is affected by the length of
nozzle, with a shorter nozzle producing higher RPM. This
shows that the coefficient of the nozzle used affects the RPM.
Base on the section 4.2.1 above is found that the highest RPM
measurement obtained was seen when the nozzle angle
position was 56.25° is 68.3.
Waterwheels with triangular blades produce higher RPM
than waterwheels with propeller-type blades, because the
volume of water retained in the triangular blade is higher than
the volume retained by a propeller blade. The mass of water
in the waterwheel produced the moment inertia and then
produced higher angular velocity, which caused the
waterwheel to spin faster.
Nozzle angle 20° is optimal to produce the highest
efficiency for waterwheel propeller and triangle. While the
optimal axis angle, found respectively for the propeller 10o and
20o triangle. With axis angle of 15o will produce the same
RPM.
Acknowledgements
The authors convey their greatest gratitude to the Ministry
of Culture and Education, Indonesia, which provided
scholarships through the Sandwich-like program 2013 at
Hiroshima University, Japan.
References
[1] T. Sakurai, H. Funato, and S. Ogasawara, “Fundamental
characteristics of test facility for micro hydroelectric
power generation system,” presented at the
International Conference on Electrical Machines and
Systems, 2009. ICEMS 2009, 2009, pp. 1 –6.
[2] M. Djiteng, Pembangkitan Energi Listrik. Jakarta:
Erlangga, 2005.
[3] S. Paudel, N. Linton, U. C. E. Zanke, and N. Saenger,
“Experimental investigation on the effect of channel
width on flexible rubber blade water wheel
performance,” Renew. Energy, vol. 52, pp. 1–7, Apr.
2013.
[4] A. Prayitno, A. Awaluddin, and A. Anhar, “Renewable
energy mapping at Riau Province: Promoting Energy
Diversification for sustainable development (a case
study),” presented at the 2010 Proceedings of the
International Conference on Energy and Sustainable
Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD), 2010, pp. 1
–4.
[5] L. Wang, D.-J. Lee, J.-H. Liu, Z.-Z. Chen, Z.-Y. Kuo,
H.-Y. Jang, J.-J. You, J.-T. Tsai, M.-H. Tsai, W.-T. Lin,
and Y.-J. Lee, “Installation and practical operation of
the first micro hydro power system in Taiwan using
irrigation water in an agriculture canal,” in 2008 IEEE
Power and Energy Society General Meeting -
Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the
21st Century, 2008, pp. 1 –6.
[6] L. Jasa, P. Ardana, and I. N. Setiawan, “Usaha
Mengatasi Krisis Energi Dengan Memanfaatkan Aliran
Pangkung Sebagai Sumber Pembangkit Listrik
Alternatif Bagi Masyarakat Dusun Gambuk –Pupuan-
Tabanan,” in Proceding Seminar Nasional Teknologi
Industri XV, ITS, Surabaya, 2011, pp. B0377–B0384.
[7] L. Jasa, A. Priyadi, and M. H. Purnomo, “Designing
angle bowl of turbine for Micro-hydro at tropical area,”
in 2012 International Conference on Condition
Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD), Sept., pp. 882–885.
[8] L. Jasa, A. Priyadi, and M. H. Purnomo, “PID Control
for Micro-Hydro Power Plants based on Neural
Network,” 2012.
[9] L. Jasa, Renewable Energy. Youtube : Gambuk,
Pupuan, Tabanan Bali, 2011.
[10] A. Zaman and T. Khan, “Design of a Water Wheel For
a Low Head Micro Hydropower System,” Journal
Basic Science And Technology, vol. 1(3), pp. 1–6, 2012.
[11] G. Muller, Water Wheels as a Power Source. 1899.
[12] C. A. Mockmore and F. Merryfield, “The Banki Water
Turbine,” Bull. Ser. No25, Feb. 1949.
[13] L. A. HAIMERL, “The Cross-Flow Turbine.”
[14] J. Senior, N. Saenger, and G. Muller, “New hydropower
converters for very low-head differences,” vol. 48, no.
6, pp. 703–714, 2010.
[15] M. Denny, “The Efficiency of Overshot and Undershot
Waterwheels,” Eur. J. Phys., vol. 25, pp. 193–202,
2003.
[16] M. Hauck, A. Rumeau, I. Munteanu, A. I. Bratcu, S.
Bacha, D. Roye, and A. Hably, “A 1:1 prototype of
power generation system based upon cross-flow water
turbines,” in 2012 IEEE International Symposium on
Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2012, pp. 1414 –1418.
[17] I. Vojtko, V. Fecova, M. Kocisko, and J. Novak-
Marcincin, “Proposal of construction and analysis of
turbine blades,” in 2012 4th IEEE International
Symposium on Logistics and Industrial Informatics
(LINDI), 2012, pp. 75 –80.
[18] L. Jasa, Model Moni Hydro. Youtube : Denpasar, Bali,
2012.