1 主動微波電路設計 microwave active circuit design 黃凡修 fan-hsiu huang...

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主動微波電路設計Microwave Active Circuit Design

黃凡修 Fan-Hsiu Huang

[email protected]

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Scope of Course

Active Devices(transistor &

diode)

Passive Components(transmission line

& lump LC)

Concept and Design of Microwave and Millimeter-wave

Circuits (non MIC or MMIC technology)

Microwave Communication &

Applications

Microwave and Millimeter-wave Subsystem and System

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Textbook:

[1] K. Chang, “RF and Microwave Circuit and Component Design for wireless systems”, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.[2] G. Gonzalez, "Microwave Transistor Amplifier Analysis and Design", Prentice Hall, 1996.

Reference:

[1] David. M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering,” 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004.[2] B. Razavi, “RF Microelectronics”, Prentice Hall, 1998[3] 呂學士 ," 微波通訊半導體電路 ", 全華科技 , 2001.

Microwave Active Circuit Design

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Contents1. Introduction2. Passive components and transmission line3. Microwave transistor and diode4. Low-noise amplifier and broadband amplifier5. Oscillator and phase noise6. RF mixer circuit7. RF switch circuit8. Power amplifier9. IC packaging technology and its concern10. Microwave related circuits and systems


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Prerequisites & Grading Policy

• Prerequisites:Electromagnetics I & II.

• Grading Policy:– Homework: 20%(2 reports for paper review, 4 pages for each, choosing two topics as introduced in this course )

– Midterm: 40%

– Final Project: 40%(Circuit design and presentation, choosing one ofthe papers you studied)


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Radio-Frequency Bands (1)

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Absorption by the atmosphere in clear weather

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Microwave Communication System (1)

RF transceiver including passive components(SAW filter, LC matching network) andactive circuits (switch, PA, LNA, mixer, VGA,VCO, synthesizer…)

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Analog RF system Digital RF system

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Channel access method used by various radio communication technologies.The methods allow multiple users simultaneous access to a transmission system.

• TDMA (Time division multiple access)• FDMA (Frequency division multiple access)• CDMA (Code division multiple access)

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標準名稱傳輸頻寬（理論 / 實際）傳輸距離使用頻段普及度

802.11a 54Mbps （ 22Mbps ）約 30 公尺 5 GHz 少

802.11b 11Mbps （ 5Mbps ）約 40-50 公尺 2.4 GHz 最多

802.11g 54Mbps （ 22Mbps ）約 40-50 公尺 2.4 GHz 多

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method (typically spread-spectrum or OFDM radio), and usually providing a connection through an access point to the wider internet. This gives users the mobility to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network. Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE 802.11 standards, marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name.

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Standard MultipleAccess

ReceiveFrequency

(MHz)

TransmitFrequency

(MHz)

ChannelSpacing(kHz)

Mod.Scheme

Region

DAMPS(IS-54)

TDMA/FDMA 869-894 824-849 30 /4 DQPSK USA

GSM TDMA/FDMA 935-960 890-915 200 GMSK Europe

CDMA(IS-95)

CDMA/FDMA 869-894 824-849 1250 BPSK/QPSK USA

JDC TDMA/FDMA 940-9561447-14891501-1513

810-8261429-14411453-1465

25 /4 QPSK Japan

W-CDMA CDMA Emerging 40,000 M-PSK USA

ISM TDMA/CDMA/FDMA

902-928 902-928 10,000 BPSK USA

DCS-1800 TDMA/FDMA 1895-1907 1710-1785 200 GFSK UK

CT2 FDMA 864-868 864-868 100 GFSK EuropeAsia

DECT TDMA/FDMA 1800-1900 1800-1900 1728 GFSK Europe

PHS TDMA/FDMA 1895-1907 1895-1907 300 /4 DQPSK Japan

Digital Cellular and Cordless Phone Standards

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Specifications for 2G Communication

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)

DCS (Distributed Control System)

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3G/3.5G/3.75G Distance

(km)

Data rate

(Mbps)

Band

(GHz)

TX peak power

(dBm)

CDMA2000

WCDMA

TD-SCDMA

3~12 0.3~2 0.82~0.85

1.92~1.98

2.11~2.17

33/27/24/21

HSDPA 3~12 3.6/7.2/14.4 0.85/1.9/2.1 24

HSUPA 3~12 3.6/7.2/14.4 0.85/1.9/2.1 24

Specifications for 3G/4G Communication

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Specifications for 3G/4G Communication

4G Distance

(km)

Data rate

(Mbps)

Band

(GHz)

TX peak power

(dBm)

WiMAX 802.16e up to 50 10/30/70 2.3~2.7

3.4~3.7

5.8

33/27/24/21

LTE 3 50/100 0.7~0.86 (FDD)

1.5~2.1 (FDD)

2.3~2.6 (TDD)

33/27/24/21

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RF ICs and Modules (1)

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RF ICs and Modules (1)GaAs X-band PA SiGe PA for WiMAX

GaN 40 W Class-E PA

LDMOS PA for VHF band

SiC 10 W Class-AB PA

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System on Chip (SoC)

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Microwave/millimeter-wave Applications (1)

Microwave Oven Specification

AC Power: 120 Volts AC 60 Hz (13.3A) 1500 Watts, Single phase, 3 wire grounded

Output Power: 1200 Watts full microwave

power (IEC60705)

Frequency: 2450 MHz

Magnetron: 2M246-050GF

Timer: 0 ~ 99 min. 99 sec.

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77 GHzAutomotive Radar

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94 GHz MMW image obtained from a scanning radiometer

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THz differential absorption radarAustralian Radio Tele-scope using an InP amplifier (100 GHz)


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S-parameter (1)Generalized scattering parameters have been defined by K. Kurokawa. These parameters describe the interrelationships of a new set of variables (ai , bi).The variables ai and bi are normalized complex voltage waves incident on and reflected from the ith port of the network. They are defined in terms of the terminal voltage Vi , the terminal current Ii , and an arbitrary reference impedance Zi ,where the asterisk denotes the complex conjugate:

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S-parameter (2)Limitations of lumped models At low frequencies most circuits behave in a predictable manner and can be described by a group of replaceable, lumped-equivalent blackboxes. At microwave frequencies, as circuit element size approaches the wavelengths of the operating frequencies, such a simplified type of model becomes inaccurate. The physical arrangements of the circuit components can no longer be treated as black boxes. We have to use a distributed circuit element model and s-parameters.

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S-parameter (3)

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S-parameter (4)

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S-parameter (5)

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Vector network analyzer (VNA): The vector network analyzer, VNA is a more useful form of RF network analyzer than the SNA as it is able to measure more parameters about the device under test. Not only does it measure the amplitude response, but it also looks at the phase as well. As a result vector network analyzer, VNA may also be called a gain-phase meter or an Automatic Network Analyzer.

Network Analyzer (1)

DUT must be measured under a small input power (small-signal operation)

S11,S21

S11,S12 S22,S21

S22,S12

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Network Analyzer (2)Formats of S parameters

Smith chart

Polar

Log scale plot

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Large Signal Network Analyzer (LSNA): The large signal network analyzer, LSNA is a highly specialized for of RF network analyzer that is able to investigate the characteristics of devices under large signal conditions. It is able to look at the harmonics and non-linearties of a network under these conditions, providing a full analysis of its operation. A previous version of the Large Signal Network Analyzer, LSNA was known as the Microwave Transition Analyzer, MTA


[S]p,f,n

p: input powerf: operation frequencyn: harmonic order

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X-parameters are a unified way of describing nonlinear device-under-test (DUT) behavior:

• Harmonics• Large signal input & output match• Large signal isolation and transmission

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Sum of the harmonics can transform the frequency-domainsignals into time-domain signals.

1 主動微波電路設計 microwave active circuit design 黃凡修 fan-hsiu huang...

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