1. LOCATION OF RESEARCHThe Călimani massif forms a barrier

between Moldova and Transylvania.

Here is the largest volcanic complex in the

Carpathian Mountains and the largest

inactive volcano in Europe, whose crater has

a diameter of about 10 kilometers.

Calimani National Park houses rare flora

and strange lava formations, sculpted by

nature over the centuries.

Calimani National Park is the 2nd category of the

International Union for the Conservation of Nature:

"protected area managed especially for ecosystem

protection and recreation„

It is included in the RIFA 0133 mall Calimani

avifaunistic protection site (it also protects birds of

common interest).

The park is included in the site of community

importance ROSCI0019 Calimani - Gurghiu as an

integrated part of the European ecological network

Natura 2000 in Romania.

GEOLOGYThe Calimani massif belongs to

the "andesitic arch" that appeared

on the continental crust of the

Transylvanian and Panonic blocks.

a) central axial zone consisting of andesitice and pyroclastic

plateaus - dominated by volcanic cones

b) a volcanic-sedimentary area that surrounds the central area

c) the lahar deposits between the previous and the

sedimentary formations on the eastern side of the

Depression of Transylvania,

GEOMORPHOLOGYIn the mountainous region of Căliman we can distinguish

three areas with distinct aspects:

a) intense interfluvial relief, shaped in volcanic

agglomerations;

b) the stairwell - agglomerate stack and lava flows;

c) the central caldera, surrounded by steep slopes and the

dome that dominates the plateau.

CLIMATE

The specialty studies fit the studied area into the climate

type "Călimani-Rarău", characterized by the thermal

aspect as cold and in a wet, moderately dry aspect.

The average annual temperature is between 2.4-4.0 ° C.

The annual amount of precipitation is very variable

with a range of 579-1653 mm.

The duration of the snow cover extends over a period

of 139-208 days.

HYDROLOGYThe Călimani Massif, due to its

shape and structure specific to the

volcanoes, obliges the waters that

climb it - the tributaries of Someş,

Mureş and Moldavian Bistriţa - to

radiate their courses.

SOILS AND SUBSTRATEUnder the herbaceous vegetation attached to the

subalpine and alpine, lithosols or liqueur podzols.

Under the spruce forests, a mixture of beech and

spruce and under the plateau meadows, vegetal

formations satisfying the caldera space, there are also

districambosols from the class of the cambisols,

prepodzole, but also humicferiiluvus podzoly from the

class of spodisols.

On small-scale portions of hectares belonging to the

eastern volcanic plateau, to the south and partly to the

northwest, peat or histisol soils can be found.

CATEGORIES OF LAND USE Lands grown for the needs of the administration

Pasture

Nursery

Forested pastures

Forest

Pastures with shrubs

Scrubs

Grassland

Mining perimeter

FORMS OF PROPERTY ON LANDSCAPES

42% state (orange)

48% other owners: - individuals

- legal persons

- local councils

- authorized individuals

FLORANo endemic species are known for this massive.

Instead we can quote the three Carpathian endemites growing here:

Centaurea phrygia LDyanthus tenuifolius Schur Hepatica transsilvanica Fuss

Of the rare species:

Pinus cembra

Bupleurum longifolium

Epipactis atrorubensGymnadenia odoratissimaListera cordata

Filipendula ulmariaPotentilla tabernaemontaniSalix bicolor Soldanella montana

Trollius europaeus

Among the vulnerable plants, one can mention: Angelica archangelica and Viola dacica.

Angelica archangelica

Viola dacica.

FAUNAAvifauna is poorer because of the harsh mountainous conditions and the present human presence at

mining, pastoral, etc.

In the mountain gaps, jneppenis and rock cracks, the world of birds is poorly represented, with species

such as: alpina (Prunella collaris) , codro (Pheoniculus ochrurus), corb (Corvus corax), falcon (Falco

tinnunculus), rapier species (Milvus milvus, Buteo buteo, Accipiter gentiles).

The avifauna of spruce spruce is composed of 25 species, of which the mountain roe, the ivy and the

birch cock are representative.

Mammals are mainly represented by Cervus elaphus carpaticus, Capreolus capreolus, Sus scrofa,

Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Lynx lynx, Martes martes and Canis Vulpes, etc

IMPORTANT POPULATIONS OF THREATENED SPECIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Capercaillie

(Tetrao urogallus),

Golden eagle (Aquila chrisaetos),

Wonderland

(Aegolius funereus)

Ciuvică

(Glaucidium passerinum

Mountain woodpecker

(Picoides tridactylus).

CATEGORIES OF PROTECTED AREASa. Scientific Reserves - Jnepenis with Pinus Cembra

b. Natural reserves included in the protected area -

- Landscape Reserve 12 Apostoli - (200 ha) known as a

geological reserve, a complex of unique eruptive roccoes

through their beauty, formed by wind modeling, physical

disintegration, erosion.

- The mixed landscape reserve Iezerul Calimanilor - (322 ha)

natural dam lake within the populations of juniper, juniper

dwarf and smardar.

VULNERABILITY:1. Deforestation, razor cuts and forestry works that result in the cutting of trees on large surfaces

2. Selective cuttings of trees in ages or species

3. Gathering wood for fire, collecting mushrooms

4. Uncontrolled tourism

5. Forestry arrangements and cuts during the nesting of endangered species

6. Hunting in the area of nesting of endangered species

7. Poaching

8. Extreme sports: enduro, cross bike, off-road vehicles

9. Burning vegetation (stalks and storks)

c. Strict protection zone (734.8 ha) - includes wild areas without

anthropogenic intervention and no anthropic activities.

d. Full protection area - (15,681.6 ha) - includes forest fund and mountain

meadows, pastures with trees and forested forests.

e. Sustainable Conservation Area - (7747.29 ha) - makes the transition

between the full protection area and the sustainable development area;

includes forests and meadows affected by anthropogenic, tourist and

mining activities

HUMAN COMMUNITIES IN THE AREADue to its spread across 4 counties, Calimani

National Park interferes economically and

geographically with a substantial number of

people and communities.

It is mainly those owners whose forests are

located within the park, those economic

activities that are geographically recorded on its

territory.

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T O TAL

Common characteristics of localities in the Calimani National Park area:

1. Infrastructure - roads, telephone network, gas and drinking water network, poorly

developed or non-existent sewage system

2. Local economy - based on agriculture and primary processing of natural resources

3. The elderly tendency of population aging, especially due to the fact that the youth leave

the villages, with no opportunities for employment / development

4. The decline of traditions and the disappearance of traditional products

MIGRATION OF YOUNG PEOPLEIn Romania, the migration of young people is a necessity, not a choice.

The policy on youth migration must take into account the root causes of immigration and on the other

hand it aims at strengthening rural development and poverty alleviation, investment in rural and

agricultural infrastructure and increasing access to education, apprenticeships and decent work

opportunities;

Efforts to ensure access to decent jobs and workplace protection are particularly important to ensure the

well-being of young people and consequently to ensure the economic and social development of the

area

HOME SETTLEMENTS (INCLUDING FOREIGN MIGRATION)

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STABILIRI CU DOMICILUL (INCLUSIV MIGRATIA EXTERNA)

146744 MUNICIPIUL VATRA DORNEI 149851 POIANA STAMPEI 150445 SARU DORNEI 149682 PANACI 148202 DORNA CANDRENILOR

HOME VISITS (INCLUDING FOREIGN MIGRATION)

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PLECARI CU DOMICILIUL (INCLUSIV MIGRATIA EXTERNA)

146744 MUNICIPIUL VATRA DORNEI 148202 DORNA CANDRENILOR 149682 PANACI 149851 POIANA STAMPEI 150445 SARU DORNEI

PERMANENT EMIGRANTS

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EMIGRANTI DEFINITIVI

146744 MUNICIPIUL VATRA DORNEI 148202 DORNA CANDRENILOR 149682 PANACI 149851 POIANA STAMPEI 150445 SARU DORNEI

PERMANENT IMMIGRANTS

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Anul 2000 Anul 2001 Anul 2002 Anul 2003 Anul 2004 Anul 2005 Anul 2006 Anul 2007 Anul 2008 Anul 2009 Anul 2010 Anul 2011 Anul 2012 Anul 2013 Anul 2014 Anul 2015 Anul 2016

IMIGRANTI DEFINITIVI

146744 MUNICIPIUL VATRA DORNEI 148202 DORNA CANDRENILOR 149682 PANACI 149851 POIANA STAMPEI 150445 SARU DORNEI

MIGRANT PROFILE: "YOUNG AND NO MONEY"The reasons why young people want to leave are, as

expected, aspired to the aspirations of their standards

of living. Those who want to emigrate want to do it in

order to have a better life.

There are, of course, other reasons for external

migration: access to better education, to live in a

country with greater cultural diversity, to be closer to

loved ones. Young people in rural areas are much more tempted

by the idea of leaving the country for a better job or

starting their own business. The difference between

them and young people in the urban environment is

most likely due to the perceived lack of opportunities

for young people in rural areas.

MEASURES1. Recognize and involve both government and social partners and civil society in addressing youth

migration issues.

2. Strengthen the youth migration database by improving the collection, dissemination and analysis of

data on young migrants

3. Adopt national legislation on youth migration (action plans, institutional structures and practical

measures) to effectively address the risks, needs and potential of young migrants.

4. Ensure, especially for young people in rural areas, alternatives to emigration, by creating and

facilitating decent work opportunities, promoting investment in infrastructure and agriculture,

expanding access to education, apprenticeships, and employment.

5. Facilitate the transfer of remittances and reduce transfer costs for migrant young people, in

particular by strengthening official channels and facilitating access for young migrants to financial

services.

6. Integrate young people's migration into development plans and policies, establish an agenda to

include the issue of youth migration into national policies and reflect the full respect for human rights.

7. Promoting the participation of young migrants in civil society and social partners, facilitating the

establishment of cooperation networks, including young migrants in policy-making processes

ACCOMMODATION INFRASTRUCTURE

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Poiana

Stampei

Saru

Dornei

Panaci Dorna

Candreni

Vatra

Dornei

Colibita Toplita Lunca

Bradului

Rastolnita

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411 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

Accommodation units

hotels pensions camping

In communities around Calimani National Park Inside the park there are no intravilanes and

there are no tourist reception facilities, being

allowed only camping at the points marked on

the tourist map of the park:

Pietrele Rosii

Iezerul Calimani

Saua Negoi-Pietrosu

Caldera Bistriciorului

Poiana Frumusica

CATEGORIES OF VISITORSMost visitors who come to the park for one day

only have longer stays in the Vatra Dornei

resort, and to reach the Calimani National

Park, they use the county road Vatra Dornei -

Gura Haitii.

From the point of view of the park's actions, we

can estimate that about 45% of visitors come to

Calimani for mountain activities (hiking, ski-

tour, mountain-bike).

AGRICULTUREAgriculture is the basic economic activity by which the inhabitants of this area provide their food

resources and a part of the money income.

The population has a predominantly agricultural occupation, it works its own land with rudimentary

means and very little mechanical means.

The main activities are:

potato culture

Forestry

Fruit

Animal husbandry

INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES Wood exploitation

Industrial activity: milk processing, sawmills,

carpentry (binals) and mobile workshops

Exploitation of mineral waters

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Calimani National Park does not have facilities of the type of laboratories

(scientific research resort)

About enough Calimani books have been written, most of them linked to aspects

of biodiversity (about 50).

On the territory of the park, a number of scientific papers have been carried out

over the years, ranging from articles, papers to doctoral theses.

AMELIORATIVE MEASURES FOR TOURISM ACTIVITIES

1. Development of the visiting / information infrastructure specific to

ecotourism on the territory of the Park

2. Monitor visitor streams to determine the optimal number of visitors to the park

3. Informing and raising awareness of cultural values, the importance of nature

protection

4. To increase the level of knowledge and appreciation of the natural and

cultural values of the area, to know the opportunities offered by the park

both by members of local communities in close proximity to PNC and among

tourists5. Promoting environmental concepts and models for the development

of low-impact economic activities among human communities at

Work's limit

6. Creating recreational opportunities by developing ecotourism in the Park territory and

promoting it and other forms of environmentally sustainable tourism outside the Park's

boundaries

7. Identify and promote in partnership with local communities, local cultural and

traditional values.

8. Develop a tourist guide for the park and neighboring tourist areas.

9. Training of park ranchers on specific components (birds, botany,

geology, ethnic diversity etc.).

10. Organizing local cultural events;

11. Interesting growth from travel agencies

FOR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: The livestock sector can be developed by setting up organized livestock breeding farms

or micro-farms, centers for collecting and capitalizing on animal products: milk, meat,

skins, wool (cutting centers, slaughterhouses, carmangeries, etc.).

The fruit sector can be developed by upgrading the cultivation and

harvesting technologies, but also by setting up centers for the collection,

processing and capitalization of these products.

Bird breeding farms equipped with centers for the processing and

capitalization of poultry products can be arranged within the commune.

IV. INTERVIEW WITH THE MAYOR OF THE ȘARU DORNEICOMMUNE

Ioan Catalin Iordache, the Mayor of the Șarul Dornei Commune gave us an interview about the potential of

development of his place and about the problems facing the locals which generate an important migratory process.

This area favours an active tourism starting from its fauna and flora, scenic mountain landscapes and routes,

protected natural parks (the Călimani Park, the Tinovu Mare Park which are organised as reserves). The area has a

vast network of tourist guesthouses and chalets. However, there is a superficial tourism promotion activity from

private companies. Besides skiing, one can also do active sports such as: river rafting, paragliding, glacier

climbing, extreme skiing, and mountain climbing.

The Town Hall in Șaru Dornei and the Infoturism Association have concluded a partnership agreement for the

purpose of promoting the guest houses and tourist destinations around the Commune on the on-line portal

www.infopensiuni.ro.

The day of the mountain peony is organised at Şaru Dornei in every year in June. The holiday includes a series of

events dedicated to the mountain peony which for two weeks forms true unique carpets on the mountain slopes the

likes of which are not seen in other area. The mountain peony (Rhododendron kotschyi) is a protected rare species

which only grows at altitudes higher than 1,700 m, and is in full bloom between early- to mid-June.

The mountainous character of the area and the predominantly agrarian occupations of the locals – animal farming,

supported by a diet based of diary products helps explain the maintenance of a positive natural increase of the

population, each family having at least 2 – 3 offsprings. Consequently, the population is relatively young and all the

premises are there to stop the migration to urban areas and instead settling it together with the social and economic

development.

Populaţia totală: Populaţie bărbaţi: Populaţie femei:

4234

2069 2165

THE POPULATION

Copii: Adulti Pensionari: Persoane plecatela muncă înstrăinătate:

630

2616

988

152

POPULATION STRUCTURE

The locals are mostly employed in agriculture, especially animal farming. Stock raising is a sector which could attract

European funds and an important element is the establishment of small companies or a cooperative to process milk at

the Commune level, as they are situated in a mountainous area and therefore arable land is scarce. The area is rich in

forest fruit, herbs and mushrooms. The large forests around the Commune offer a good chance for investment, as

logging and wood processing centres can be organised. A resource which has not been exploited as of yet is sulphur.

51%

1%

27%

21%

Land fund structure

forests

arable land

pastures

fences

cattle sheep goats horses pigs poultry beefamilies

4029

300 20360

700

7020

121

ANIMAL HUSBRANDRY