1 kyung hee university prof. choong seon hong introduction

11Kyung Hee Universit

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Prof. Choong Seon HONG

IntroductionIntroduction


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TMN (Telecommunications Management Network)TMN (Telecommunications Management Network)

TNM Layering Concept

BML (Business Management Layer) :

Goal setting, finance, budgeting Planning product definition agreements between jurisdictions (domains)

SML (Service Management Layer) :

contacts with customers and with other service providers identification of customer access to network reporting service usage for billing maintaining and reporting quality of service data

NML (Network Management Layer) :

wider geographical area than EML complete visibility of the whole network, nodes and links


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TMN (2)TMN (2)

Control and coordination of the network view of all NEs within its scope or domain

provision, cessation, or modification of network capabilities for the support of service to customers

maintenance of statistics and history pertaining to circuits, etc.

EML (Element Management Layer)

control and coordination of a subnet of NEs on an individual basis control and coordination of a subnet of NEs on a collective basis (carrier s

ystem, ring, etc) Provisioning a gateway to NEs for the NML and higher layers maintenance of statistics and history pertaining to individuals NEs


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TMN(3)TMN(3)

Network Element Layer

telecommunication activities of the resource components of NEs implementations of management commands detection of problems (potential alarm events, severe error seconds, etc.) autonomous activities (protection switching, diagnostics, etc.)


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TMN Layered ArchitectureTMN Layered Architecture

Network Management Layer

Service Management Layer

Business Management Layer

Element Management Layer

Network Element


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Network management requirementNetwork management requirement

ISO Management Functional Areas (FCAPS)

Fault management : detection, isolation, and correction of abnormal operation

Accounting management : charging for using managed objects

Configuration : initialization and control for providing services

Performance management : evaluation of behavior of managed objects

Security management : addressing OSI security and protection managed objects

Fault management

Localization

Isolating the rest of network for the failure

reconfigure or modify the network to minimize the impact of operation without the failed component(s).

Repair or replace the failed components

Fault (abnormal condition) vs Error (a single event)


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Network management requirement (2)Network management requirement (2)

User requirements Immediate notification Requiring rapid and reliable fault detection Fast and reliable problem solution Use of redundant components for meeting fault-tolerant requirement Problem tracking and control : reassurance of correct network operation and

confidence test

Accounting Management

Charge for the use of network services

Tracking the use of network resources

Improving performance

Planing for network growth

User requirements Network manger needs to be able to specify the kinds of accounting information to

be recorded at various nodes Desired interval between sending the recorded information to higher-level

management nodes. Authorization to access and manipulate for charging information


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Configuration management

Initialization of networks

Shutting down part or all of the network

Maintaining, adding, and updating the relationship between components and status of components

User requirements Start-up and shut-down operations on networks Maintaining default configuration attributes Reconfiguration of network caused by performance evaluation or network

upgrade, fault recovery or security checks Informing changes in network configuration

Performance Management

Monitoring : tracking activities on the network

Controlling : adjustments to improve network performance


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Performance Issues

Level of capacity utilization Excessive traffic Throughput Bottlenecks Response time

User requirements

Average and worst case response times and reliability of network Performance statistics --> appropriate corrective action, capacity planning

Security Management

Managing information protection and access control facilities

Generating, distributing, and storing encryption keys

Logging access history and examining audit records


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Network Management SystemsNetwork Management Systems

Network management entity (NME)

Collecting statistics on communications and network-related activities

Storing statistics locally

Responding to command from the network control center :

sending statistics information to network center changing parameter providing status information generating artificial traffic to perform a test

Sending local status when undergoing significant change

Manager/agent


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Network Management Systems (2)Network Management Systems (2)

NMA

NME Appl

Comm

OS

NMA

NME Appl

Comm

OS

NME Appl

Comm

OS

NME Appl

Comm

OS

NME Appl

Comm

OS

NME Appl

Comm

OS

NME

Comm

OS

NME

Comm

OS

Network ControlHost (manager)

Router(agent)

Server(agent)

Workstation (agent)

NMA : Network Mgmt ApplicationNME : Network Mgmt EntityAppl : ApplicationComm : Communication SoftwareOS : Operating System


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Network Management Systems (2)Network Management Systems (2)

Several observation

Network management software for single vendor’s equipment --> multi-vendor

Dual network management system

Network management software architecture

User presentation software

Network management software

Communication and database support software

Architecture model of a network management system

Network management applications : FCAPS

Application elements : generating alarm, summarizing data

Network management data transport service : transfer protocol, service interface (GET, SET, Notify, etc)


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Architecture model of a network management Architecture model of a network management systemsystem

Unified UserInterface

Presentation of network managementinformation to users

Network managementapplication

Network managementapplication

Applicationelement

Applicationelement

Applicationelement

Network management data transport service

MIBaccessmodule

Communicationsprotocol

stack

MIB Managed network


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MIB (Management Information Base)MIB (Management Information Base)

Local MIB at agent

Reflecting the configuration and behavior of the node

Containing parameters to be used to control the operation of the node

Local MIB at manager

Node specific information and summary information about agent

MIB access module

Basic file management software that enables access to the MIB

MIB format conversion to standard


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Distributed Network ManagementDistributed Network Management

Motivation

Proliferation of low-cost, high-power PCs and workstations

Proliferation of departmental LAN

Need for local control and optimization of distributed applications

Benefits

Minimization of network management traffic overhead

Greater scalability : adding additional management capability

Eliminating the single point of failure that exists with centralized schemes


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Typical distributed management system architectureTypical distributed management system architecture

Elementmanager

Managementapplication

Management server

MIB Managementapplication

Management server

MIB

Network

Network

Management Clients (PCs, workstations)

Network resources (servers, routers, hosts) with management agents

Elementmanager


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Proxy management architectureProxy management architecture

Enabling a management application to manage a proprietary

resource through standard operations and event reports which are

translated by the proxy system into proprietary operations and

event reports

Managementapplication

Clientstub

Protocolstack

Proxy manager

Serverstub

Client proxystub

Protocolstack

Protocolstack

Proprietary managementinterface

Server proxystub

Protocolstack

Standard operationsand event reports

Proprietary operationsand event reports


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Why Manage Networks?Why Manage Networks?

What is “Network Management”?

Network resources

each resource supports more than one user hubs, switches, routers, WAN devices

Goal

Access (within organizational policy restrictions) to any of the network resources at any time


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A Network is

USER DEVICE(CPE)

Network Node Interface

User Network Interface

NETWORK NODE


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Why Manage Networks?Why Manage Networks? PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)

Local exchange switch (Network node)

Telephone (User device)

Local loop (User network interface)

Trunk (Network node interface)

Internet

Router (Network node)

PC or server (User device)

Modem or leased line (User network interface)

Leased line (Network node interface)

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

ATM switch (Network node)

Router or PC (user device)

UNI (User network interface)

NNI (Network node interface)


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Why Manage Networks?Why Manage Networks? History of PSTN

Telegraph (Samuel Morse, 1838) at home/office faster one message at a time

Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell,1876)

PSTN Service Carriers

LATA (Local Access and Transport Areas)

IXC (Inter-exchange Carriers)

LEC (Local Exchange Carriers) Telecommunications Act (1996) CLEC (Competitive LEC) ILEC (Incumbent LEC)

POP (Point of Presence)

Toll


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PSTN Today (U.S.A.)

IXC

IXC

IXC

IXC IXC

IXC IXC

POP POP POP POP

Toll Toll Toll

LELE

LELE

LELE

LE

LE

LE

LE

IXC BIXC A

LATA 1 LATA 2 LATA 3

LEC A (RBOC) LEC B (RBOC) LEC C (Independent)

such as AT &T,MCI, Sprint


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Why Manage Networks?Why Manage Networks? Increasing loads and trunks

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

phone

PCRTR INTERNET

ISP

??

Central OfficeSwitch

Central OfficeSwitch

Trunk

Local loops Local loops


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Why Manage Networks?Why Manage Networks? History of Internet

1969: creating ARPANET

1973: Connecting to UK and Norway ARPANET

1983: separating MILNET for Military

1985: Incorporating BITNET (educational Net)

1988: Incorporating into NSFNET

1990: Terminating ARPANET

1992: Creating Internet Society

국내 발전 과정

HANA 망 , KREN( 서울대 ), KREOnet( 과학기술원 ) 으로 망 구축

1983: UUCP 로 미국과 연결

1984: X.25 를 이용 유럽과 연결

1988: KREN 이 BITNET 과 연결

1990: HANA 망이 인공위성을 통해 Hawaii 대학과 연결

1993: 한국통신이 Internet 접속 서비스 개시


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Circuit Switching vs Packet Switching

Local Exchange

Local Exchange

TandemSwitch

TandemSwitch

ISP POP

IXC POP

ISP POP

IXC POP

Trunk groups: two 64 kbps channels(CIRCUIT SWITCHING)

Unchannelized trunk of 128 kbps(PACKET SWITCHING)PC

전화

전화

전화

PC

PC

PC

전화

Home A

Home B

Home A

Home B


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Why Manage Networks?Why Manage Networks? Internet Today

NAP

NAP NAP

NAP

LARGE ISP LARGE ISP LARGE ISP

Regional ISP Region ISP Regional ISP

Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP

Regional ISP

c c c c c c cc

c c

cc

c

cc

c

cc

c

SS

S

S

S

SS


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Internet Topology (Internet Service Provider)

Backbone Network

Access Network

Leased LineFrame Relay

ATM

DedicatedDedicated

DialDial

CableCable

XDSLXDSL

전용선 Frame Relay X.25 PSTN ISDN ADSL CATV

56K~45M 56K~2M ~56K ~56K ~128K 1M ~ 8M 10 ~ 30M

가정 가입자

기업 가입자


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Leased lines

dedicated services (non-switched)

Digital cross connect (DACS)private line (non-switched) services

PSTN switch

(switched services)

MDF (Maindistribution

frame) -wire center

Trunk transportsystem (e.g. T3)

Private linedata

Accesslines

Analog or ISDN dial-upmodem data

Trunkgroup


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AT&T(T1*5)

MCInet(T3)

HKT(512K)

나우콤 (T1)

하이텔 (T1)

천리안 (T1)

MCInet(T2)

Sprint(T1*4)

KDD(6M)

Telstra(2M)

CT(128K)

CHT(128K)

ST(256K)

AUNET(T1)

Uunet(E1*4)

KIX

Dacom-IX IX-Seoul

KT-IXKREONet

KREN

PUBNET

KOSINet

AUNET

INET

HANQ

KOTISnet

UNITEL

NETSGO

CHANNEL-I

SDSNET

NETVALLEY

KORNETELIMNET

EYES

SHINBIRO

KTNETNowNET

KOLnet

NEXTEL

BORANET

HIMAGIC

천리안

HITEL

나우누리

유니텔

KOTIS

100Mbps

UUNET(20Mbps)

Sprint (T3)

MCI(T1) MCI(T2)

ST (E1)

CHT (512K)Global-one(T2)

KDD(E1)

BBN(T3)

LAN

LAN LAN

Digital Island (T3)

MCInet(T2*2)

Uunet(E1*2)

BBN(KT-IX) T2

Uunet(T3)

ABONE(T1)MCI(T1)

Uunet(T1*2)Uunet(E1)

BBN(E1)

GIX(T1)

Imnet(256K)

MCInet(E1)

T3


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Inside the ISP

Terminalservers

Contentservers

Otherservers

Mail and Newsserver

Router

Firewall

Firewall

Internet NAPor other ISP

PSTN

IDS

1 kyung hee university prof. choong seon hong introduction

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