1 introduction to imperialism chapter 27 notes. slide 2 definition of imperialism process by which...
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1
Introduction to Imperialism
Chapter 27 Notes
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Slide 2
Definition of Imperialism
Process by which one state, with superior military strength and more advanced technology, imposes its control over the land, resources, and population of a less developed region
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Slide 3
What did this look like?
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Slide 4
The RationaleThink about the last two units (Revolutions, Industrial Revolution) - how did we get here?Nationalism - large colonies meant powerIndustrialization - vast access to natural resources and cheap laborHumanitarianism - Europeans thought it was their duty to civilize and uplift African peopleSocial Darwinism - Survival of the fittest people
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Slide 5
Nationalism (1800-1914)French Revolution and Napoleon spread nationalism throughout EuropePride in one’s country was based upon industrial production, military strength, and size of empire
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Slide 6
Industrialization (1750-1900)Increased population in EuropeGreat technological advances - military, transportation, and communicationsContinued economic expansion requires more resources and markets
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Slide 7
Humanitarianism
Christian missionaries saw Africa and Asia as fertile ground for converts
Cultural superiority - Europeans must “save” the rest of the world
Must stop the Arab slave trade in Africa (still in practice in North/East Africa)
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Slide 8
Scramble for AfricaPrior to the Age of Imperialism, Europeans only controlled port towns (except for Portugal who had two larger colonies)
British took South Africa, Sierra Leone, and Gambia in the mid-1800s
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Slide 9
Scramble for AfricaBetween 1875 and 1900 European control of Africa went from 10% to 90%
Inadequate food supplies in Africa because Europe insisted on growing cash crops such as cotton
Only two nations, Liberia (home to many freed American slaves) and Ethiopia remained independent
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Slide 10
The Berlin Conference
Tensions began to mount between rival European nations
Conference called in 1884 by Bismarck of Germany to defuse disputes and set guidelines for colonization
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Slide 11
The Berlin Conference
Conference in Berlin essentially divided up Africa – no African representatives were in attendance (or were even invited)
While dividing up the continent tribal territories and rivalries were not considered. Boundaries were drawn that divided tribes and coupled enemies together, leading to modern problems in Africa.
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Slide 12
Administrative StylesColonies (Direct Rule)
French, German, PortugueseEuropean rule imposedHighly centralizedNo attempt to preserve African institutions
Protectorates (Indirect Rule) PaternalismBritishGovernor appointed by British gov’tLocal leaders advised by BritishSupposed to preserve African institutions
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Slide 13
Administrative StylesSpheres of Influence
Local rulers maintain control of internal affairsEuropeans control port townsChina
Company RuleEuropean country grants economic and political control to trading companyIndia (revoked later)Belgium Congo (terrible abuses)
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Slide 14
Competition for Asia
British East India Company had long controlled large parts of India, but other areas were soon being sought after
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Slide 15
Competition for Asia
Subjugation of Asia less violent and more diplomatic than in Africa (other than the French campaign for Indochina)
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Slide 16
Sepoy Mutiny – Outbreak and uprising of Indians
By 1850,the British controlled most of the Indian subcontinent – India was the Jewel in the crown – most valuable resources and locationPockets of discontent and use of sacred animals/meat (Hindu’s and Muslims)Indians claimed
Forced conversion to ChristianityRacismEconomic problemsIndian soldiers spread gossip (Sepoy’s)