1- introduction to a&p
TRANSCRIPT
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Office Hours
Mr. Chubb Tues. : noon – 1:00 pm Wed. : 12:30 pm- 2:00 pm and by appt. Mendel G24D
Dr. Gibbs Wed. : 11:30 am- 12:30 pm and by appt. Mendel G63C
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Other Announcements1. Labs start Monday
a) Please dress accordingly
2. Connecta) First two chapter of Module 1 are in place
b) Others will be done this weekend
3. Tegritya) First lecture is being recorded today
b) Can access it on line through connect
4. Booksa) In books store and they come with connect plus
5. New Students???
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Introduction to A&P
Chapter
1
Fig. 1.3
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Outline for Today
A. Definitions
B. Properties of Living Things
C. Hierarchy of Structural Complexity
D. Organ System Overview
E. Homeostasis and Feedback
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A. Definitions
Insight. 1.5a
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Anatomy
• Study of form
• Gross– Macroscopic– Why are they studying
more than one cadaver?
• Histology– Microscopic
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 5.8a
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What anatomy entails
• Observation of surface structure• Cadaver dissection - cutting & separation of
tissues to study their relationships• Comparative anatomy is the study of more than
one species to analyze evolutionary trends– In the lab portion we will examine non-human organs
and organisms• Why non-humans? Are we looking for evolutionary trends?
• Physical examination– palpation, auscultation, percussion
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Physiology
• Study of function
• Physio = mechanics
Fig. 9.8a
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Combining the two
Anatomy – study of FORM
Physiology – study of FUNCTION
FORM = FUNCTION
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B. Properties of Living Things
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Properties of Living Things
• Organization (Order)– This takes energy
• Biochemical Unity (Cellular Composition)
Fig. 3.5
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Properties of Living Things
• Metabolism/Excretion
• Responsiveness
Fig. 12.1 (4th Ed)
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Properties of Living Things
• Growth and Development– Differentiation– Growth
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Properties of Living Things
• Reproduction (mitosis)
Fig. 4.16
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Properties of Living Things
• Evolution –
species exhibit genetic changes from generation to generation
• Are you personally evolving?
http://www.todayinliterature.com/biography/charles.darwin.asp
No
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C. Hierarchy of Structural Complexity
Fig. 1.7
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Hierarchy of Structural Complexity
• Atoms & Molecules– (assuming you know
this from chemistry)
• Macromolecules
Fig. 2.7
Fig. 4.2a
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Hierarchy of Structural Complexity
• Organelles
• Cells
Fig. 3.29
Fig. 3.3
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Hierarchy of Structural Complexity
• Tissues
• Organs
Fig. 5.8a
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Hierarchy of Structural Complexity
• Systems
• Organisms
3rd. Ed.
Fig. A.11f
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D. Organ System Overview
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Organ System Overview
• Protection, Support, and Movement
Skeletal3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11b
Muscular3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11c
Integumentary3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11a
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Organ System Overview
• Internal Communication
Nervous System3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11d
Endocrine System3rd. Ed. Fig. A11.e
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Organ System Overview
• Fluid Transport of nutrients and hormones
Cardiovascular System3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11f
Lymphatic System3rd. Ed. Fig. A11g
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Organ System Overview
• Defense
Integumentary3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11a
Nervous System3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11d
Immune3rd. Ed. Fig. 18.1a
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Organ System Overview
• Input & Output
Respiratory3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11h
Digestive3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11j
Urinary3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11i
Integumentary3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11a
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Organ System Overview
• Reproduction
♀ Reproductive3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11l
♂Reproductive3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11k
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E. Homeostasis and Feedback
Fig. 1.9
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4. Homeostasis and Feedback
• Homeostasis = “steady state”– Relatively stable internal environment despite changes in the
external environment– Body temperature of 36-37 oC despite the outside temperature
• Systems work (expend energy) to maintain this
Fig. 1.9b
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Charles Blagden 1748-1820
45 minutes at 260(with dog and piece of steak)
Role of sweating
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4. Homeostasis and Feedback
• Establish set points for many things– Temperature, pH, BP, HR, respiratory rate, blood
glucose levels• Maintenance requires complex control
– Loss of homeostasis is problematic
Fig. 1.9b
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Homeostasis and Feedback
Loop implies beginning and end are the same
Fig. 1.9
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Elements of a Feedback Control Loop
Establishes set point or“normal”
Determine response
Senses changeMonitors system
Change insystem
Effects a response
Two Types of FeedbackNegative OR Positive
iii
i
v
ii iv
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Homeostasis and Feedback
Types of Control Mechanisms
• Negative Feedback– Process in which the
body senses a change and activates mechanisms that reverse or negate it
– Resp Stim– Compare to thermostat
-
Fig. 1.10
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Homeostasis and Feedback
Types of Control Mechanisms
• Positive Feedback– Response works to
enhance the internal stimulus
– Resp Stim+
Fig. 1.12
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Types of Control Mechanisms
Few examples of positive feedback: things get out of control;Only way to break out of loop is to ELIMINATE the stimulus
Many examples of negative feedback: prevents things from getting out of control; keeps essential functions close to the norm