c

The word root kytos, as in cytoplasm, meansA) motionB) a hollow

C) colorD) a thing formed

2 INCORRECT

The ____________ produces an image of a specimen by passing visible light through it.

A) LMB) SEMC) TEMD) none of the above

3 INCORRECT

A detailed three-dimensional view of cell structure is provided by

A) light microscopyB) transmission electron microscopyC) scanning electron microscopyD) all of the above

4 INCORRECT

____________ are an example of cells that are specialized for storage.

A) epithelial cellsB) fibroblast cellsC) adipocytesD) oocytes

5

INCORRECT

Which cells are designed to recognize and attack antigens?

A) muscle cellsB) neuronsC) erythrocytes

D) leukocytes

6 CORRECT

Which of the following is not true of the plasma membrane?

A) contains receptors for communicationB) forms intercellular connectionsC) is a rigid sheet of molecules with little flexibilityD) regulates material movement into and out of the cell

7 CORRECT

Extracellular fluid is also called

A) cytosolB) intracellular fluid

C) interstitial fluidD) cytoplasmic matrix

8 CORRECT

Plasma membranes contain all of the following except

A) phospholipidsB) peripheral steroidsC) integral proteinsD) glycolipids

9 CORRE Which of the following is not a protein-specific function of plasma

CT membranes?A) signal transductionB) intercellular attachmentC) enzyme activityD) physical isolation

10 CORRECT

All processes of moving materials across the plasma membrane are classified as either

A) diffusion or osmosisB) passive or active transportC) phagocytosis or pinocytosisD) endocytosis or exocytosis

11 CORRECT

Processes that move molecules passively across the cell membrane include

A) diffusionB) bulk filtrationC) osmosisD) all of the above

12 CORRECT

Diffusion is the tendency of molecules to move

A) from a lower to a higher concentrationB)

down their concentration gradient

C) into a cell by endocytosisD) out of a cell by exocytosis

13

CORRECT

Which of the following are types of endocytosis?

A) facilitated diffusion and bulk filtrationB) osmosis and active transportC) pinocytosis and phagocytosisD) none of the above

14 INCORRECT

A pocket formed by an inward folding of a membrane is called

A) an evaginationB) an invaginationC) a secretory vesicleD) a vacuole

15 INCORRECT

Cytosol

A) has a high water content, with many dissolved solutesB) is the viscous, syruplike fluid component of cytoplasm

C) contains carbohydrates and lipids that provide energy for the cellD) all of the above

16 CORRECT

Which organelles synthesize proteins?

A) ribosomesB) nucleoliC) centriolesD) all of the above

17

INCORRECT

Digestion and self-destruction are functions of which organelle?

A) nucleusB) mitochondrionC) lysosomeD) peroxisome

18 INCORRECT

Which one of the following does not accurately describe microtubules?

A) composed of long chains of the protein tubulinB) largest diameter of the three components of the cytoskeletonC) associated with organelle movement and cell motilityD) participate in cytoplasmic streaming and muscle contraction

19 INCORRECT

Most of a cell's ATP is synthesized by membrane-bound organelles called

A) ribosomesB) mitochondriaC) lysosomesD) nucleoli

20 CORRECT

The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in

A) transport, respiration, and synthesisB) contraction, transport, and diffusionC)

synthesis, storage, and transport

D) storage, transport, and digestion

21 INCORRECT

Which organelle modifies, packages, and sorts proteins for secretion or use within the cell?

A) Golgi apparatusB) lysosomeC) endoplasmic reticulumD) nucleus

22 INCORRECT

The most organized level of genetic material, visible with a light microscope only during cell division, is the

A) histoneB) chromatinC) chromosomeD) nucleosome

23 INCORRECT

Nucleoli make which of the following?

A) smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulumB) ribosomal RNA and proteinsC) histones and DNA

D) all of the above

24 INCORRECT

Which phase of a somatic cell's life cycle is the longest?

A) prophaseB) anaphaseC) metaphaseD) interphase

25 INCORRECT

The correct sequence of the stages of mitosis is

A) metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophaseB) prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

C) telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophaseD) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

26 INCORRECT

During which stage of mitosis does chromatin coil into chromosomes?

A) metaphaseB) telophaseC) prophaseD) anaphase

27 INCORRECT

The two copies of DNA in duplicated chromosomes are connected at a constricted region called the

A) double helixB) centromereC) centrosomeD) histone

28 CORRECT

____________ occurs when the chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate of the cell.

A) prophaseB) metaphaseC) anaphaseD) telophase

29 INCORRECT

Sister chromatids pull apart to form single-stranded chromosomes during

A) anaphaseB) telophaseC) prophaseD) metaphase

30 INCORRECT

The completion of ____________ marks the end of cell division.

A) prophaseB) cytokinesisC) interphaseD) anaphase

1 INCORRECT

The plasma membrane is effective in isolating the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid primarily becauseA) peripheral proteins are attached to the inner or outer membrane surface

B) integral proteins form channels that let water pass in and out of the cell

C) the lipid "tails" in the phospholipid bilayer form a sheet that repels water

D) the rigid composition of the plasma membrane forms a waterproof barrier

2 INCORRECT

Of all the passive processes, the only one that does not require a concentration gradient isA) diffusion

B) osmosisC) bulk filtrationD) facilitated diffusion

3 INCORRECT

A transport or carrier protein

A)

spans the plasma membrane completely and is thus a transmembrane protein

B) has an internal hydrophobic region and hydrophilic regions at both endsC)

may use energy from ATP to help a particular substance cross the plasmalemma

D) all of the above

4 INCORRECT

What must happen when a concentration gradient is eliminated?

A) molecular motion ceasesB) active transport beginsC) diffusion and osmosis stopD) all of the above

5 INCORRECT

Which one of the following processes can only occur in a living cell?

A) diffusionB) osmosisC) bulk filtrationD) endocytosis

6 INCORRECT

All of the following are directly associated, at least in part, with the lipid components of the plasma membrane exceptA) molecular bilayer frameworkB) cholesterol moleculesC) catalytic enzymesD) glycocalyx

7 INCORRECT

A higher concentration of sodium ions in extracellular fluid versus cytosol is most likely maintained byA) blocking any passage of sodium through the plasma membrane

B) actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell

C) overcrowding the cytosol with potassium ions

D) none of the above

8 INCORRECT

Which of the following lists only non-membrane-bound organelles?

A) microvilli, ribosomes, centrioles, mitochondria, cytoskeletonB) cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagellum, ribosomesC) microvilli, cytoskeleton, cilia, lysosomes, nucleus, ribosomesD) cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles, nucleus, cilia, ribosomes

9 INCORRECT

Which of the following lists only membrane-bound organelles?

A) microtubules, nucleus, lysosomes, ribosomes, mitochondria, cilia

B) lysosomes, ribosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi

apparatusC) endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes,

peroxisomesD) mitochondria, cilia, centrioles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum,

nucleus

10 INCORRECT

Which one of the following organelles occurs in the fewest types of human cells?A)

nucleus

B) microtubule

C) flagellum

D) rough ER

11 INCORRECT

Which of the following organelles are found in all living cells of the human body?A) nuclei

B) nucleoli

C) microvilli

D) microtubule

12 CORRECT

The nucleus (and more specifically, the genes it contains) most directly controls all of the cell's activities byA) controlling cell divisionB) regulating protein synthesisC) synthesizing DNA and RNAD) coordinating intracellular communication

13 INCORRECT

Of the following, which organelle participates most directly in mitosis?

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulumB) ribosomeC) centrioleD) nucleolus

14 INCORRECT

Which series progresses from the thinnest to the thickest in diameter?

A) DNA > histone > chromosome > nucleosomeB) histone > chromosome > DNA > nucleosomeC) nucleosome > histone > DNA > chromosomeD) DNA > histone > nucleosome > chromosome

15 INCORRECT

Although often described as somatic cell division, ____________ is actually division of the nucleus.A) meiosisB) mitosisC) cytokinesisD) interphase

16 CORRECT

Mitosis plays a role in all of the following processes except

A) tissue growth and repairB) replacement of old or dying cellsC) sex cell production

D) embryo formation

17 CORRECT

In an adult, which of the following usually have the longest G0 phase?

A) blood cellsB) nerve cellsC) epithelial skin cellsD) the G0 phase is the same length in all of these

18 CORRECT

The longest part of a mature muscle cell's life cycle is

A) the G2 phaseB) the S phaseC) interphaseD) mitosis

19 CORRECT

During which stages of mitosis does a typical cell contain twice its normal number of chromosomes? (1) prophase (2) metaphase (3) anaphase (4) telophaseA) 1 and 2B) 2 and 3C) 3 and 4D) all of the above

20 CORRECT

Which of the following organelles might function during or even after apoptosis of the cell that contains them?A) centriolesB) Golgi apparatusC) rough endoplasmic reticulumD) lysosomes

21 INCORRECT

Which property of cancer cells most directly contributes to metastasis?

A) invasivenessB) dedifferentiationC) production of angiogenesis factorsD) loss of contact inhibition

22 INCORRECT

____________ is caused by a genetic defect in mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA.A) cystic fibrosisB) MELAS syndromeC) adrenoleukodystrophy

D) Tay-Sachs disease

23 INCORRECT

If organelles can proliferate in response to increased demand, then one could expect to find far more ____________ in the liver cells of an alcoholic than in a nondrinker.A) rough ERB) smooth ERC) mitochondriaD) lysosomes

24 INCORRECT

Which of the following cellular changes would generally be indicative of cancer?

A) anaplasiaB) hyperplasiaC) hypertrophyD) all of the above

25 INCORRECT

To destroy bacteria in the interstitial fluid, leukocytes would most likely employ the process ofA) receptor-mediated endocytosisB) pinocytosisC) bulk filtrationD) phagocytosis

1 INCORRECT

When a cell begins to divide, its chromatin forms

A) nucleoli.B) chromosomes.C) histones.

D) none of these.

2 INCORRECT

Which of the following describes integral membrane proteins?

A) They only permit water movement into or out of the cell.B) They only transport large proteins into the cell.C) They extend across the phospholipid bilayer.D) They are attached to the external membrane surface.

3 INCORRECT

Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport in that facilitated diffusion

A) expends no ATP.B) moves molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of

lower concentration.C) does not require a carrier protein for transport.D) moves molecules in vesicles across a semipermeable

membrane.

4 CORRECT

Which plasma membrane structures serve in cell recognition and act as a "personal ID card" for the cell?

A) integral proteins and peripheral proteinsB) glycolipids and glycoproteinsC) phospholipids and cholesterolD) cholesterol and integral proteins

5 INCORRECT

The __________ increase the outer surface area of the plasma membrane to increase absorption.

A) centriolesB) ciliaC) microvilli

D) flagella

6 INCORRECT

The major functions of the Golgi apparatus are

A) diffusion and osmosis.B) detoxification of substances and removal of waste products.C) synthesis of new proteins for the cytoplasm.D) packaging, sorting, and modification of new molecules.

7 CORRECT

Interphase of the cell cycle consists of the following parts:

A) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.B) G1, S, and G2.

C) mitosis and cytokinesis.D) all of these.

8 CORRECT

The organelle that provides most of the ATP needed by the cell is the

A) endoplasmic reticulum.B) mitochondrion.C) lysosome.D) Golgi apparatus.

9 INCORRECT

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids begin to move apart from each other at the middle of the cell?

A) prophaseB) metaphase

C) anaphase

D) telophase

10 INCORRECT

When a cell is not dividing, its DNA is in the form called

A) chromatin.B) chromosomes.C) genes.D) nucleoli.