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FPCP 2007Outlook: Experiment

Andrey GolutvinITEP/Moscow

May 12-16, 2007, Bled, Slovenia

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Search for New Physics is a main topic of this Outlook

Community is eagerly waiting for start-up of the LHC where New Particleswill hopefully be discovered in direct measurements.

Review what is the current status of FPCP and what are perspectivesto discover and study the effects of New Particles indirectly throughstudies flavor decays and CP violation

Sorry for not covering in depth spectroscopy, in particular new statesThis will stay as an important topic forever…

Spectroscopy session:

Many results on ordinary mesons ( see Claudia Patrignani)

New heavy quark baryons discovered in both charm and bottom sector. Several refined measurements in charm sector (see Michal Kreps)

Discovery of New Particles is exciting and fun

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Unexpected New Particles (see Tom Browder and Frank Close)

2190 – m() = 4265 -m(J/) !!?? Y(4260)?

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Current status of quark and lepton sectors

Neutrino sector

Understand complete pictureof masses and mixings:

If neutrinos are Majorana particles What are the masses 13 mixing angle and phase (if there is a CP violation)

(2 of the mixing parameters are known)

Quark sector

We already have a good understandingof quark masses, mixings and CPviolation in SM

Solid basis to search for New Physics:

In CP violation In Rare processes

1 ~ 1 2 > 2 3 > 1 3 1 >> 1 2 >> 2 3 >> 1 3

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MiniBooNE Hot Topic (see Hiro Tanaka)

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Current status of quark and lepton sectors

Neutrino sector

Understand complete pictureof masses and mixings:

If neutrinos are Majorana particles What are the masses 13 mixing angle and phase (if there is a CP violation)

(2 of the mixing parameters are known)

Quark sector

We already have a good understandingof quark masses, mixings and CPviolation in SM

Solid basis to search for New Physics:

In CP violation In Rare processes

1 ~ 1 2 > 2 3 > 1 3 1 >> 1 2 >> 2 3 >> 1 3

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Data samples(present and near future 2012)

Reach of current experiments

BELLE & BaBar (combined 2 ab-1 )

CDF & D0 (combined 16 fb-1 )

CLEO-c 0.75 pb-1 @ 3.77 GeV

0.75 pb-1 @ 4.17 GeV

Reach of approved experiments

LHCb 10fb-1

BESIII 20 fb-1 @ 3.77 GeV

12 fb-1 @ 4.17 GeV

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Search for New Physics

in Mixing & CP violation

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D0 mixing (see Alan Schwartz & Zoltan Ligeti)

Consistent evidence for D0 mixingNo evidence for CPV

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D0 mixing

m(D) and (D) can be accomodated by SM

with current accuracy major contribution from NP is not excluded

Identifying NP effects is not easy due to large theor. uncertainties in SM predictions for m(D) and (D)

Search for time-dependent CP asymmetries in D0 decays Approaching an interesting level !!!

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D0 mixing & CP violation : LHCb prospects

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UT as a standard approach to test the consistency of SM (see Heiko Lacker)

Mean values of angles and sides of UT are consistent with SM predictions

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Define the apex of UT

using at least 2 independent quantities out of 2 sides:

and 3 angles: , and

Extract quantities Rb and from the tree-mediated processes,

that are expected to be unaffected by NP, and compare computedvalues for

with direct measurements in the processes involving loop graphs.

Interpret the difference as a signal of NP

Standard strategy to search for New Physics

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Current precision of UT elements

Accuracy of sides is limited by theory:

- Extraction of |Vub| for the Rb side

- Lattice calculation of for the Rt side

Accuracy of angles is limited by experiment:

= ± 13° = ± 1° = ± 25°

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UT Sides

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|Vub| / |Vcb| (See A.Hauke, Y.Kwon, Heiko Lacker M.Neubert, P.Ball)

Looks as a systematic difference between inclusive and exclusive methods

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Are inclusive and exclusive measurements consistent? (discussed at the discussion session)

(see Matthias Neubert)

Errors of inclusive measurements are probably underestimated Revise the errors to see how large the actual deviation Closer interaction between exp.& theor. in HFAG revive Vxb workshops!

Some recipes:

Extract shape function from bXs spectrum Use measurements with higher eff. to minimize uncertainty in shape function (note: high eff. measurements give lower |Vub|)> Better understanding of b c background

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|Vub| / |Vcb| exclusive (see Youngjoon Kwon)

Present Goal: measure q2- dependence to discriminate betweenvarious formfactor models BELLE:

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Use D /K e decays to calibrate LQCD (see Victor Pavlunin)

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|Vtd| / |Vts| through Bs oscillations CDF Hot topic (see Bruno Larana Casal)

ms = 17.77 ± 0.10(stat.) ± 0.07 (syst.) ps-1

|Vtd/Vts| = 0.2060 ± 0.0007(exp.) ± (theor.) 0.00810.0060

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|Vtd| / |Vts| through radiative penguins

agree well with that extracted for Bs mixing

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f(D), f(Ds) from CLEO-c Hot Topic (see John Yelton & Victor Pavlunin)Calibrate LQCD for f(B) / f(Bs) predictions

Ds & ,

BR(Ds)=(0.59±0.07±0.03)%BR(Ds,)=(8.0±1.3±0.4)%

Ds, e

BR(Ds,e)=(6.29±0.78±0.52)%

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f(D), f(Ds) from CLEO-c & BaBar

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B

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B BaBar Hot Topic (see Andrei Gritsan & Stefano Villa)

Scaling with statistics not trivial

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BELLE Hot Topic (see Kai-Feng Chen)

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B

T. Iijima

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UT Angles

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angle ( 1 ) from b c c s (see Chih-hsiang Cheng)

is known to 1° precision: = (21.3 ± 1.0)°

Interference between tree-level decays; theoretically clean

Parameters: γ, (rB, δB) per mode

Three methods for exploiting interference (choice of D0 decay modes):

• Gronau, London, Wyler (GLW): Use CP eigenstates of D(*)0 decay, e.g. D0 Ksπ0, D0 π+ π -

• Atwood, Dunietz, Soni (ADS): Use doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays, e.g. D0 K+π -

• Giri, Grossman, Soffer, Zupan (GGSZ) / Belle: Use Dalitz plot analysis of 3-body D0 decays, e.g. Ks π+ π-

Vcs* Vub: suppressedFavored: Vcb Vus

*

b

u

s

u u

b

u

cD(*)0

K(*)-

B- B-

u

s

u

c

D(*)0f

Common

final state

K(*)-

iiBKDBA

KDBA eer B

0

0

angle ( 3 ) (see Vincent Tisserand)

Currently most precise method 29

Parameters are obtained from the fit to Dalitz distributions of D Ksπ+π– from B±DK± decays

Dalitz analysis method

Using 3-body final state, identical for D0 and D0: Ksπ+π-.Dalitz distribution density:

22222 ||),(

ssss KKKK

dmdmmmd A

222 |),(| ss KKmmA

(assuming СР-conservation in D0 decays)

000~ DreDD i

),( 22 ss KK

mmf is determined from D*– D0π–, D0 Ksπ+π– decay model uncertainty of the result

),,( 3r

A.Giri, Yu. Grossman, A. Soffer, J. Zupan, PRD 68, 054018 (2003)A.Bondar, Proceedings of the Belle Workshop, September (2002)

angle ( 3 )

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Belle/Babar results on γ• HFAG averages for x± = rB cos( δB ± γ ) , y± = rB sin( δB ± γ )

• Belle/Babar measurements in good agreement• CKMfitter find γ = 77±31° based on B- D(*) K(*)- decays

Contours do not include Dalitz model errors

Contours do not include Dalitz model errors

rB

2γ

angle ( 3 )

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Model-independent approach

),(22 22|),(|

mmiemmff

),(22),(22~

2222

0 |),(||),(| mmiimmi

DemmfreemmfA

)],(),([2222 2222|),(||),(|

mmmmii emmfremmf

2|),(||),(| ),(22),(22 2222

mmimmi

CPemmfemmf

A

2|),(||),(| )],(),([2222 2222

mmmmiemmfmmf

D0 decay amplitude:

D0-D0 interference from B+ D0K+:

),(),( 2222 mmmm || f is measured directly, is model-dependent

If CP-tagged D0 are available (e.g. from ψ’’ D0 D0 , where tag-side

D0 decays into CP-eigenstate) phase difference can be measured:

angle ( 3 )

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Model-independent approachA.Bondar, A.Poluektov Eur.Phys.J C47,347(2006) hep-ph/051024650 ab-1 at SuperB factoryshould be enough for model-independent γ/φ3 measurement with accuracy below 2°

1fb-1 at ψ(3770) corresponds 2100 CP-tagged KS+- events (first estimation based on CLEO-c data by David Asner)

~10 fb-1 at ψ(3770) needed to accompany SuperB measurement

angle ( 3 ) (see Gianluca Cavoto)

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angle ( 3 ) = - - (see Alexander Somov)

can be measured in B , and decays Two types of measurements:

tCPV for eff

BF , CP asymmetries for - eff

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angle ( 3 ) = - - , from B decays

= 93.5 ± 12.110.0

Currently the best measurementThis may however change with time;one of the isospin triangles is notclosed

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from B decays

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from B decays

One needs the measurement of ACP (B 00 ) for further

improvement

= 92.0 ± 19.5

The analysis of B final states helps to remove mirror solutions

Combined result (CKMfitter):

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Comments on current sensitivity of UT approach

At present the sensitivity of standard approach is limited due to: - Theoretical uncertainties in sides - Experimental uncertainties in and angles - Geometry of UT (UT is almost rectangular)

Comparison of precisely measured with is not meaningful due to errorpropagation: 3° window in corresponds to (245)° window in

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Comments on current sensitivity of UT approach

Precision comparison of the angle and side Rt is very meaningful !!! ~5% theoretical precision in Rt is adequate to a few degree experimental precision in the angle which should be achievable in a couple of years of LHC running

Precision measurement of willeffectively constrain Rt and thuscalibrate the lattice calculationof the parameter

For some models a cancellation of short term contributions from NP may take place !

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Complementary strategy

measured in trees, box and penguin loops

(tree+box) is measured in B J/Ks (tree) can be measured in many channels

(tree+box) is measured in Bs J/

Compare |VtsVtb*| and UT angles: , and

Theoretical uncertainty in Vub extraction

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Complementary strategy

For |VtsVtb*| (at the moment not theoretically clean):

Theoretical input: improved precision of lattice calculations for B×fB and B,,K* formfactorsExperimental input: precision measurement of BR(BK*, )

For the angles:(theoretically clean)Measure (peng+tree) in B,, (peng+box) in BKs (peng+box) in Bs

New heavy particles, which may contribute to d- and s- penguins,would lead to some phase shifts in all three angles:

(NP) = (peng+tree) - (tree) (NP) = (BKs) - (BJ/Ks)

(NP) = (Bs) - (BsJ/)

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Complementary strategy

Contribution of NP to processes mediated by loops (present status)

To boxes: - vs Rb is limited by theory (~10% precision in Rb) (d-box) - not measured (s-box)

To penguins: - ((NP)) ~ 30° (d-penguin) - ((NP)) ~8° (2.6 hint) (s-penguin) - ((NP)) not measured (s-penguin)

PS (NP) = (NP) (NP) measured in B and B decays may differ depending on penguin contribution to and final states

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Current hints / inconsistencies &

Constraints for New Physics

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from J/K0 and b s penguins (see Jure Zupan & Chih-hsiang Cheng)

More statistics is crucial for mode-by-mode studies

Current B factories will not be able to solve a problem !!!

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K decays : ratio of BR’s (see Iain Bertram, Paoti Chang)

Interference of dominant and suppressed diagrams

In SM: Rc ~ Rn ~ R ~ 1

The ratios are now consistent with SM

RC = 1.11 ± 0.07; Rn = 0.97± 0.07

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K decays: direct CPV asymmetries

Direct CPV asymmetries in K-+ and K-0 channels differ by 4.4

Various interpretations (unlikely to be a “puzzle”) : factorization in SCET Large color suppressed tree contribution pQCD NLO

(see Mike Gronau, Iain Stewart, Hsiang-nan Li)

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fL(BK*) BaBar Hot topic (see Andrei Gritsan)

(see Hsiang-nan Li)

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Direct CPV in B0 D+D- : significant CPV observed by BELLE

no signal seen by BaBar

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b s inclusive (see Jurgen Kroseberg, Ahmed Ali)

Recent estimate of NNLO decay rate (Misiak et al.)(a monumental theoretical effort: 17 authors working for 3 years)

The MSSM with MFV, large tan,Light charged Higgs and heavy squarks

(Isidori & Paradisi)

Constrain NP scale

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Near future (5 years)

prospects: experiment

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: Tevatron prospects (?) & LHC

In SM S = -2arg(Vts) = -22 ~ -0.04

Sensitive to New Physics effects in the Bs-Bs system if NP in

mixing S = S(SM) + S(NP)

2 CP-even, 1 CP-odd amplitudes, angular analysis needed to separate, then fit to S, S, CP-odd fraction

Bs J/ is the Bs counterpart of B0J/ KS

will reach s(s) ~ 0.08 (10/fb, ms=20/ps, 90k J/ evts)

LHCb

ATLAS

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UT sides: |Vub|, b s at B-factories

Bs BaBar new approach (see Jurgen Kroseberg)

Independent on lepton-tagged sample

Much more data available and being taken Continue to improve experimental methods

BELLE is also underway to improve b s

Progress in theory : Inclusive approach: work on 2-loop calculations in progress for b c (M. Neubert comment) later for b u

Exclusive approach: progress in LQCD (see Damir Becirevic & John Laiho)

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Contribution to UT from K experiments

E391a Run-2 analysis in progress.Aim at sensitivity 10-8

2 2

5 5

20 0L L 5

Im Re Re( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Im( ) ( )

t t ct t c

tt

B K X x X x P X

B K X x

NLO Calculation:Buchalla & Buras: 1993, 1999Misiak, Urban: 1999

charm contributionNNLO Buras, Gorbahn, Haisch, Nierste hep-ph/0508165PRL 95

2 08

2 4

3 ( )

2 sinKW

Br K er

= Vcs, c = Vcs*Vcd, t = Vts*Vtd)

top contribution

( see Takeo Inagaki )

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Plans for K0L K+→+

K0L

P-14 @ J-PARC Step I: Reach SM sensitivityReach SM sensitivityStep II: Aim for ~ 100 SM events

K+→+P-326 @ CERN-SPS ~80 SM events in two years From 2011

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UT angles: LHCb (BaBAr & BELLE & Tevatron ~12° precision for at best)

Angle Channel Yield* Bbb/S LHCb (2/fb)

Bd J/Ψ KS

Bd KS

216k

0.8k

0.8

<2.4

σ() ≈ 0.6°

σ() ≈ 12°

s

Bs J/ΨΦ Bs J/Ψη

Bs ηcΦ

Bs ΦΦ

125k

12k

3k

0.3

2-3

0.7

σ(s) ≈ 1.2°

σ(s) ≈ 6°

(2° with 10/fb)

Bs DsK no r(B)

Bd D0(K-+)K*0

Bd D0(K+-)K*0

Bd DCP(K+K-)K*

B- D0(K+-)K-

B- D0(K-+)K-

5.4k

0.5k

2.4k

0.6k

60k

2k

<1.0

<0.3

<2.0

<0.3

0.5

0.5

σ() ≈ 13°

σ() ≈ 8°

σ() ≈ 4°-13°

Bd 14k 0.8 σ() < 10°

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Search for New Physicsin Rare Decays

(mainly prospects) Exclusive b s BK* BK(*)/ etc… Bs

Experimental challenge: keep backgrounds under control

We are just approaching sensitivity promising for discovery…

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b s exclusive

LHCb control channel: Bd K* ~75k signal events per 2fb-1

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b s exclusive

b (L) + (ms/mb) (R)

Measurement of the photon helicity is very sensitive test of SM

Methods:- mixing induced CP asymmetries in Bs , BKs 0

- b : asymmetries in the final states angular distributions are sensitive to the photon and b polarizations.

- Photon helicity can be measured directly using parity-odd triple correlation (P(),[ P(h1) P(h2)]) between photon and 2 out of 3 final state hadrons. Good examples are B K and B K decays

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b s exclusive

Mixing induced CP asymmetries - B BKs0 (B-factories)

S = - (2+O(s))sin(2)ms/mb + (possible contribution from bsg) = - 0.022 ± 0.015 P.Ball and R.Zwicky hep-ph/0609037Present accuracy: S = - 0.21 ± 0.40 (BaBar : 232M BB) S = - 0.10 ± 0.31 (BELLE: 535M BB)

- Bs ( LHCb annual yield ~11 k , B/S ~0.6 )

Polarized b decays:

b (1115) (1115) p violates pariry

Assuming b polarization > 20% LHCb can measure (R) component down to 20% (in 1 years of data taking). Limitation - low annual yield (~675 events) requires efficient performance of tracking system.

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b s exclusive

Measuring the photon polarization in B h1h2h3 decays

The measurement of the photon helicity requires the knowledge of the spin directionof the s-quark emitted from the penguin loop. Use the correlation between s-spinand angular momentum of the hadronic system (needs partial-wave analysis !!!)

M.Gronau,Y.Grossman,D.Pirjol,A.Ryd PRL 88, 5, 2002D.Atwood,T.Gershon,M.Hazumi,A.Soni hep-ph/0701021 V. Shevchenko paper in preparation

Promising channels for LHCb: Expected yield per 2 fb-1

BR(B+ K+-+) ~ 2.5 10-5 rich pattern of resonances ~60k BR(B+ K+) ~ 3 10-6 highly distinctive final state ~ 7k

Sensitivity to photon helicity measurement is being studied

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B K* (see Jurgen Kroseberg)

In SM this bs penguin decay contains right-handed calculable contribution but this could be added to by NP resultingin modified angular distributions

SM

95% CL deviation from SM

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B K*

Sensitivity to New Physics (Kreuger, Matias hep-ph/0502060)

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B K*: LHCb prospects

> 7.2 k events / 2fb-1 with B/S ~ 0.2

> After 2 fb-1zero of AFB located to 0.52 GeV2

> FL looks plausible with 2 fb – but theor.

errors inhibit discrimination between different models (Matias hep-ph/0612166)> AT

2 looks more difficult.

> AT1 requires measurement of individual

helicity amplitudes experimentally difficult

AFB(s), fast MC, 2 fb–1

s = (m)2 [GeV2]

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B K* Sensitive to NP contribution in loops and may probe invisible matter

Proceed through electroweak penguin and box diagram. Theoretically clean.

SM predictionBuchala et al. 2001

Analysis is similar to B Full reconstructed B and K* and nothing else

BELLE: BR(BK*) < 3.6 10-4 @ 90% CL

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BELLE Hot Topic (see Kai-Feng Chen)

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Bs

This decay could be strongly enhanced in some SUSY models. Example: CMSSM

Anomalous magnetic moment of muon:measured at BNL, disagrees with SM at 2.7.

am = (25.2 ±9.2) 10-10

To explain it with CMSSM: for different A0 and tan:250 < m1/2 (gaugino mass) < 650 GeV

CMSSM with this same range of gaugino masspredicts BR (Bs → +-) could be ~ a few 10-9 to 10-7

much higher than SM:

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Bs from Tevatron

Present limit is a factor of ~20 higher than SM predictions

Tevatron prospects

(see Ralf Bernard & Bruno Casal)

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Bs expectations from LHC

Limit at 90% C.L. (only bkg is observed)

Integrated Luminosity (fb-1)

BR

(x1

0-9)

Uncertainty in bkg prediction

Expected CDF+D0 Limit

SM prediction

LHCb Sensitivity(signal+bkg is observed)

Integrated Luminosity (fb-1)

BR

(x1

0-9)

5

3SM prediction

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Lepton Sector(reviewed this morning)

Theory on Lepton Flavor Violation (see Andre de Gouvea) Double beta decay (see Angelo Nucciotti) Neutrino oscillations (see David Lee Wark) Rare Tau decays (see Stefano Passaggio)

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(see Angelo Nucciotti)

FPCP07

Imperial College/RALDave Wark 73

Three Ways Forward?• Superbeams:

We know how to build them (except for the targets). The beams are “cheap” (relative to the others).× The beams are not pure, and not well focussed.× The detectors have to be huge.

• Beams: Produce pure flavour beams. Synergies with the nuclear physics programme.× If low , need huge detector, if high , expensive.

• Neutrino Factory Most intense source. Gives two beams at the same time. Synergies with -collider development.× $$$...

oscillations

FPCP07

Imperial College/RALDave Wark 74

Slide from Alain Blondel, WIN07

FPCP07

Imperial College/RALDave Wark 75

Slide from Alain Blondel, WIN07

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Search for LFV decays

(see Andre de Gouvea)

(see Stefano Passaggio)

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More distant future

By 2012 LHCb will be well on its way to produce physics

Might or might not indicate New Physics beyond SM At the same time ATLAS and CMS might or might not have discovered New Particles

In either case it is extremely important to go further with FPCP

Super B & LHCb upgrade (see Yukiyoshi Ohnishi) (see Hans Dijkstra)

both projectsare needed

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OUTLOOK (for the quark sector)

NOWA lot of experimental progressAll measurements are in principle consistent with SM Clean experimental signature of NP is unlikely at currently operating experiments

< 2012A lot of opportunities (LHCb will start data taking next year)Important measurements to search for NP and test SM in CP violation : if non-zero NP in boxes vs Rb and vs Rt (Input from theory !) (NP) and (NP): if non-zero NP in penguins CPV in D0 mixing in Rare decays Photon helicity in exclusive bs decays FBA & transversity amplitudes in exclusive bsll decays BR(Bs ) down to SM prediction

> 2012

Need much improved precision because any measurement in b-system constrains NP models

high pTB’s

For ’s see nice reviewsgiven this morning