EnglandAge of Chaucer

John of Gaunt

Yersinia pestis

Richard II

People (Pilgrims)

Possessions of the English King

William the Conqueror1087

Possessions of the English KingHenry I ~1135

Continental Possessions Henry II 1154-1184

Thomas a Becket

• Advisor, administrator for Henry II

• Archbishop of Canterbury

• Assassinated 1170

Reliquary Chasse with Scenes of the Martyrdom 1173-1180 Metropolitan Museum of Art

Richard IEnglish LossesFrench Gains

Losses on the borders of Aquitaine

Loss of territory by John

Scotland: Problems of Succession

Scotland: Wars of Independence

1. Inverurie (1307)2. Methven (1306)3. Pass of Brander (1307)4. Dalry (1306)5. Dupplin Moor (1332)6. Stirling Bridge(1297)7. Bannockburn (1314)8. Falkirk (1298)9. Dunbar (1296)10. Loudon Hill (1307)

Presentations on the Web

www.slideshare.net/robehrlich

Edward II – Defeat and DepositionJennifer Paxton

• First (English) Prince of Wales • Scotland continued• French connection• Favoritism and a sordid life and death(?)– Marlowe– Brecht

Strike 1: Gaveston

• Gascon• Appointment to a position with control of

patronage and hence an object of resentment• Ordinances formalize role and meeting of

parliament; banish Gaveston• His return is marked by a trial and execution

Strike 2: Scotland

1314 Defeat at BannockburnGreat famine

Strike 3: The DespensersIsabella and Mortimer

• Power given to the Despenser family– Corruption– Rebellion joined by Mortimers

• Queen Isabella and her lover, Mortimer– Invasion– Execution of Despenser

Out

• Abdication of Edward II in favor of his young son, Edward III

• Murder of Edward II at Berkeley Castle

Wine - Vintnerstun = 256 gallons

Chaucer Family

Wines

• Sweet wine – Spain• Caprike – Cyprus or Capri• Fortified - Portugal• White – Chablis• Bitter (vinegar)• Bordelaise and Haut Pays

WineGascon Wine Production

13th CBordelaise and Haut-Pays

Wine Trade

• Gascon Charter (1302) – Safe conduct– Free trade in exchange for a fixed duty

• Carta Mercatoria (1303) – Extended to all merchants

• Increasing importance of English importers

Wine Producers

• Area switches to grapes and wine production• Importer of grain from/through England

Wine Consumers

• Royal and noble households– Imported through royal butler– Best wine reserved fro royal table– More than a million bottles for the wedding of Edward II– Wine as gifts and for troops

• Lesser households– Problems of adulteration and substitution

• Taverns• Maximum prices set

Wine Costs

• Producer costs– Weather fluctuations– Labor

• Transport– Protection of the fleet

• Costs in England– Unloading– Retailer markup– Price controls

Vintner’s Company

• People of the same trade– Live in the same area– Attend the same church– Organize into livery

companies

• 1363 Charter gives it a monopoly on the wine trade with Gascony– Retained in City until 2006– Right of Swan Upping

Vintner’s CompanyFeast of Five Kings

Prominent Vintners - Mayors

• Henry de Waleys 1273–4, 1281–4, and 1298–9• Sir Richer Refham (son of vintner) 1310-11• John de Gisors 1311-13, 1314-15• Henry Picard 1357 (Feast of Five Kings)

• Richard Lyons (corrupt) financier, warden of the mint

London 1300

Vintry Ward

Next Week Edward III

• Edward III• Continuing problems in Scotland• War with France• Wool and the Merchant

Wheel of FortuneHolkham Bible1320-1330

I ruleI have ruled I am without a kingdomI shall rule