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Energy Storage Systems – Thermal

Sub-Program Coordinator: Reda Djebbar, Ph.D., P.EngNRCan CanmetENERGY-Ottawa

PERD Built Environment Technology Area Year-End Meeting

June 12th & 13th, 2014

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Overview – Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Sub- Program

Objectives: Increase utilization of local intermittent energy

sources, such as solar energy, for space and water heating in Canadian homes, buildings and communities.

Increase integration of advanced thermal energy storage in buildings for energy efficient space and water heating

Reduce significantly fossil fuel use for residential space and water heating by 75-100%

Tasks:A. Enabling tools for TES implementationB. Advanced TES materialsC. TES utilization case studiesD. TES technology field trial supportE. Update of weather design input datasets

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Task E: Update of weather design input datasets Objectives Annual updates of satellite-derived gridded

solar irradiance data (hourly global on a horizontal surface and direct normal values) from State University of New York (SUNY)

Updated CWEEDS and CWEC files based on availability of updated satellite-derived solar irradiance gridded data sets, and improved MAC3 model for appropriate years and stations

Annual update of comparisons between in-situ, satellite- and NWP (numerical weather prediction)-derived solar data with recommendations for increasing utility of the NWP data for the energy sector.

Update and publish updated information products such as maps and detailed climatic summaries.

Overview – Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Sub- Program

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Team, Major Partners and Collaborators NRCan

Doug McClenahan, Bruce Sibbitt, Reda Djebbar; Evgueniy Entchev, Wahiba Yaci, Mohamed Ghorab, Martin Thomas, Mark Douglas, Mike Lubun, Jeremy Sager, Gord Mackenzie

PWGSC: Paul Sra, Jeff Moffat

Environment Canada: Philip Jarrett, Robert Morris, Sharon Stone

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Team, Major Partners and CollaboratorsIndustry: Leidos Canada, ATCO Gas, ATCO Gas (Yukon Electrical Company

Limited), Thermo Dynamics, TESS-USA, Clean Power Research Inc-USA, Solites-Germany, Ecologix, Kamstrup.

Academia: NSERC- Smart Net Zero Energy Buildings Research Network

(Queens University and Ecole Polytechnique), Concordia University, Hydro Quebec

Other Partners: IEA Energy Conservation through Energy Storage (ECES), Exova,

Gagest

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Progress and Achievements

A - Enabling Tools for TES Implementation Further development of in-house simulation tools

applicable for smart thermal grids investigation using: TRNSYS, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System

(ANFIS)

ANN and ANFIS methods can be used to:• Estimate the performance of complex energy

systems. • Develop applications for predictive

performance monitoring system, condition monitoring, fault detection and diagnosis of TES.

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Progress and Achievements -Continued

B - Advanced TES Materials

Created a Design Tool for selecting PCM impregnated Wallboard

A 3D numerical model was developed and validated with laboratory measurements to simulate the behaviour of an air-PCM heat exchanger (Hx).

An experimentally validated model was developed to analyze the thermal performance of a water tank integrated with PCM.

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C- TES Utilization Case Studies:C.1) Implementation of Large Scale Solar BTES Seasonal Storage in Various Geographical Locations and in Retrofit Applications:

Whistle Bend Community-Yukon Detailed feasibility study completed

King’s Edgehill School-Nova Scotia feasibility study nearly complete

Progress and Achievements - Continued

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C- TES Utilization Case Studies:

C.2) Development and Testing of New System Components for Large Scale Solar Seasonal Storage System Applications in Canada – Overview:

Large area collector modules have been used to achieve significant cost reductions (hardware & installation) in large European systems (e.g. Dronniglund 165 €/m2).

Improved low temperature air handlers show promise of improved performance & reliability and reduced electricity consumption.

Wireless heat metering should allow lower operating costs for the utility and ease of capturing additional data

Progress and Achievements - Continued

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Task C- TES Utilization Case Studies: C.2) Development and Testing of

New System Components for Large Scale Solar Seasonal Storage System Applications in Canada: Decision to replace outdoor

tracker approach with stationary-collector transient test method (in ISO and EN collector standards)

Equipment changes necessary to test large modules were identified and purchased

Batteries in all 52 DLSC heat meters replaced with AC power supplies suitable for wireless operation and to simplify future maintenance.

Initial wireless testing performed in Guelph.

Progress and Achievements - Continued

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Task C- TES Utilization Case Studies:C.3) Evaluation of Alternate Designs for Cost -Effective High-Solar Fraction Seasonal Storage Applications in Canada:

Optimization of a Low Temperature Solar District Heating System by Integrating Space and Domestic Hot Water Loads

Comparison of the case where DHW is provided by standalone SDHW as in Drake Landing versus when provided by solar district heating system

Solar "sterilization" of the DL.

Drake Landing District Loop Temperature

Progress and Achievements - Continued

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Task C.3) - Optimization of a Low Temperature Solar District Heating System by Integrating Space and Domestic Hot Water Loads:

Whistle Bend 200 home Community-Yukon

15$/GJ lower LLCC (~15% better) with combined space and DHW system versus space heating only system

Drake Landing 52 home Community Both approaches, standalone SDHW

and DHW provided by the SDH, offer similar cost/performance.

No clear winner for the particular case of the Drake Landing system reference case

Progress and Achievements - Continued

TRNSYS Parametric AnalysisIntegrated Space and DHW

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Key Deliverables and Outcomes for FY 2013-2014

Task B - Advanced TES Materials A best Practice Guide for Engineers and Architects was

developed titled “Applying Energy Storage in Buildings of the future”

PCM integration in Building Envelope PCM integration in Central Mechanical Ventilation System PCM integration in Domestic Hot Water Storage Tanks

Detailed Final Report on the research projects and work completed for IEA Annex 23 titles “ Applying Energy Storage in Ultra Low Energy buildings”

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Task C – TES Utilisations case studies Feasibility study for the City of

Whitehorse solar BTES seasonal storage is now completed

Results were presented to the City Council members. IRR (internal rate of returns) estimates ranged from 0.8 to 6.4%.

These results were very well received by the City officials and they voted to support the project as one of their top five strategic projects to seek funding support Underground hydrothermal properties

characterisation Building a project team

Key Deliverables and Outcomes for FY 2013-2014

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Key Deliverables and Outcomes for FY 2013-2014

TES Sub-Program Stats – Year 2 PERD Cycle

Task D - TES technology field trial support Drake Landing documentation has

been supplied to the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Task 45 as a best practice seasonal storage project example. System documentation and data were

also provided in support of a simplified solar seasonal storage model development by the Spanish team

Task E - Update of weather design input datasets The full set of SUNY data from 1998 –

2013 has been updated with the latest version of the SUNY model.

Monthly files created using 2013 model were compared with observations - the results are show low overall GHI bias (0.35%).

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Challenges and Issues

Project team members retirement & offices move, ongoing re-organisation at both NRCan and Environment Canada

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Key Tasks for 2014-15Task A – Enabling tools for TES Implementation Finalise the development simulation tool applicable for smart thermal

grids investigation in TRNSYS 17 Develop thermal grid topology (ies) integrating a range of seasonal

and short thermal storages

Task B - Advanced TES materials Complete Lab Repairs and facilitate full functionality of Test Station to

enable Results generation. Cool Thermal Storage:

Finalizing the technology profile document. Develop a tool to screen the suitability of a project or building for the

application of cool thermal storage This will improve the ability for building owners and designers to apply cool thermal storage in their buildings and projects.

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Key Tasks for 2014-15Task C - TES Utilization Case Studies Finalize King’s-Edgehill School solar retrofit pre-

feasibility study for application to ACOA fund Initiate Feasibility study for Large scale project

in Alberta for application to CCEMC fund Implement required upgrades at the NSTF &

begin testing large solar collector modules Perform wireless heat meter tests with

improved central antena and filter. First at Guleph and then implement 5 house

wireless test at DLSC Development of a cost model for aquifer

storage solar district heating system for a comparison with BTES solar seasonal storage. Technical economical analysis will be carried-out

for a selected base case community(ies). Hold discussions with Ecologix and Vortex CEOs

to identify best path to Air Handler prototype

Example of Two-Well Aquifer TES Seasonal Operation

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Thank You

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