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Page 1: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

1

Energy Introduction

Page 2: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Energy

What do you think of when you hear this word?

Page 3: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

What is Matter?

• Matter is anything that takes up space or has mass.

• Everything that is in this room is matter.–Desk, chairs, posters, folders, water, air

• There are four states of matter:–Solid–Liquid–Gas–Plasma

• All matter is made of atoms.

Page 4: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Energy

• Energy is the ability to do work on or cause change in matter.•Everything has energy!–It moves cars along the road–It’s the sound of footsteps–It’s the warming of your desktop when your hand touches it.

Page 5: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Energy and its Forms

• Energy is found in many different forms including:–chemical, electrical, heat/thermal, light, mechanical, nuclear, sound, etc.

• As you can see, there are many forms of energy, but they can all be put into two main categories:–Kinetic & Potential

Page 6: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Kinetic Energy

• Kinetic Energy- the energy of movement.–Example: A person jogging at a park.

• If something is in motion, it has kinetic energy.

• What has kinetic energy in these pictures?

Page 7: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Potential Energy

•An object still has energy even if its not moving.• Potential Energy- energy of position or stored energy–Ex. A glass of water sitting on the edge of a table. While sitting there it has stored energy because of its position.–If it is nudged, it can fall to the floor and has energy of motion.

Potential

Kinetic

Page 8: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Potential Energy• If something is not

currently in motion but has the potential to be in motion at some point, it has potential energy.• Which of these pictures

represents potential energy?

Page 9: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Potential Versus Kinetic Energy

• Think of all the forms of kinetic and potential energy you would see in the following situation: AT A PARK

Page 10: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Potential Versus Kinetic Energy

• Think of all the forms of kinetic and potential energy you would see in the following situation: AT SCHOOL

Page 11: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Experiment: Does mass affect potential and kinetic

energy?• Think of the following situations:–Rolling a bowling ball down the alley versus rolling a volleyball down the alley.

–Two people of different weights racing down a hill on a sled.

Page 12: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Experiment: Does ramp height affect potential and kinetic

energy?• Think of the following situation:–Riding a bike down Ginger Ridge Drive versus riding down the hill in the parking lot.

Page 13: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Energy Lab1. Question: Does mass & ramp height affect potential and kinetic energy?

2. Use What I Know

3. Hypothesis: Write one of the following sentences.

Write one of the following sentences.

4. Experiment- Materials:

Design (paragraph or picture): ramp 6 & 9 inches, finish line 5 feet away from bottom of ramp

Constants: I need to keep the following things the same in the experiment to make it fair…

I believe ramp height increases the amount of energy

an object has.

I believe ramp height decreases

the amount of energy an object

has.I believe ramp

height has no effect on the amount of energy an object

has.

I believe mass increases the

amount of energy an object has.

I believe mass decreases the

amount of energy an object has.

I believe mass has no effect on the

amount of energy an object has.

Page 14: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Energy Lab5. Data:Test 1- Car with no added mass, Ramp Height- 6 inchesTrial 1 Time: Trial 2 Time: Trial 3 Time:Average:Class Average:

Test 2- Car with added mass, Ramp Height- 6 inchesTrial 1 Time: Trial 2 Time: Trial 3 Time:Average:Class Average:

Test 3- Car with no added mass, Ramp Height- 9 inchesTrial 1 Time: Trial 2 Time: Trial 3 Time:Average:Class Average:

Page 15: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Energy Lab7. Conclusion: Based on your results, write one of the following sentences.–Mass increases the amount of energy an object has

because the car with more mass went faster.–Mass decreases the amount of energy an object has

because the car with more mass went slower.–Mass had no effect on the amount of because both cars

went the same speed.Based on your results, write one of the following sentences.–Ramp height increases the amount of energy an object

has because the car went faster on the steeper ramp.–Ramp height decreases the amount of energy an object

has because the car went slower on the steeper ramp.–Ramp height had no effect on the amount of because

both cars went the same speed.

Page 16: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Self Check

• Do you understand kinetic versus potential energy? Answer the questions about the energy of the ball as it rolls from point A to point G.

Being held at point A (Not in motion)

Gaining speed Losing speed

Page 17: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy

Page 18: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Mechanical Energy-Type of Kinetic and Potential Energy

(Both)•Definition: The amount of work an object can do because of its kinetic and potential energies.

•Example: A rolling bowling ball has __________ energy (one type of mechanical energy) and the stationary pins have __________ energy (another type of mechanical energy) When the ball strikes the pins, its energy is transferred to the pins. Now both the ball and the pins have __________ energy.

•Other information:

•Mechanical Energy= Kinetic + Potential Energy

•ALL MATTER HAS MECHANICAL ENERGY

Page 19: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Chemical Energy-Type of Potential Energy

• Definition: Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules.

• Examples: Batteries (Power various objects, Petroleum (Fuels our cars), Natural gas (Fuels fireplace), Coal (Fuels factories), Wood (Fuels fire), Food (Provides energy for our bodies)

• Other Information:

THINK OF FUEL

• Chemical energy is converted to other forms of energy when we burn/use these things.

Page 20: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

• Definition: Nuclear energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

• Example: Occurs in nuclear power plants, atomic bomb, sun/stars

• Other information: Large amounts of energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or split apart.

Nuclear Energy-Type of Potential Energy

Page 21: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Electrical Energy-Type of Potential Energy

• Definition: Electrical energy is energy stored in moving electrons.

• Example 1: Power in power lines and outlets provide electricity to many things in the home.

• Example 2: Lightning is an example of electrical energy in nature.

• Example 3: Static

Page 22: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Thermal Energy-Type of Kinetic Energy

• Definition: Thermal energy is the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within a substance.

• Examples: Ice melting, water turning to steam, oven cooking food, etc.

• Other Information:

As an object is heated up, its atoms move faster and spread apart. As an object is cooled, its atoms move slower come closer together.

THINK HEAT (OR LACK OF HEAT)

Page 23: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Radiant Energy-Type of Kinetic Energy

• Definition: Radiant energy is the movement of light or electromagnetic waves.

• Examples: Radiant energy includes sunshine, other visible light forms, x-rays, etc.

Other Information: THINK LIGHT

Travels in waves

Page 24: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Acoustic Energy-Type of Kinetic Energy

• Definition: Acoustic energy is energy produced by an object’s vibrations.

• Examples: stereo playing, birds chirping, clapping, etc.

• Other information

THINK SOUND

Travels in waves

Page 25: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

EXAMPLES OF ENERGY:What type(s) of energy are being

shown?1. Roasting marshmallows

Page 26: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

EXAMPLES OF ENERGY:What type(s) of energy are being

shown?

1. Roasting marshmallows

Thermal energy because the fire is producing heat.

Radiant energy because the fire is producing light.

Chemical energy because wood is fueling fire.

Acoustic energy because the fire “crackles.”

Mechanical energy because some things are moving and others are not.

Page 27: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

EXAMPLES OF ENERGY:What type(s) of energy are being

shown?2. Eating breakfast then going for a

jog

Page 28: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

EXAMPLES OF ENERGY:What type(s) of energy are being

shown?Mechanical energy she is in motion.

Chemical energy because the food is giving her energy.

Acoustic energy because she is making noise while chewing and running.

Thermal energy because her body is producing heat.

2. Eating breakfast then going for a jog

Page 29: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

EXAMPLES OF ENERGY:What type(s) of energy are being

shown?3. Food being cooked in the microwave

Page 30: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

EXAMPLES OF ENERGY:What type(s) of energy are being

shown?Electrical energy because the microwave uses electricity.

Thermal energy because the food is being heated.

Radiant energy because the microwave produces light.

Mechanical energy because some things are in motion and others are still

Acoustic energy because microwave makes sound.

Chemical energy because the food will provide energy for a person.

3. Food being cooked in the microwave

Page 31: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Energy Transformations

Page 32: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Can energy appear or disappear?

No! It just changes forms.

An energy transformation is when energy changes from one form to another.

Page 33: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Law of conservation of Energy

Energy is neither created nor destroyed.

In other words, energy is transformed from one type of energy to another, but the total amount of energy remains the same.

Page 34: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Examples of Energy Transformations

• When you speak into your telephone acoustic energy from your voice is changed into electrical or chemical energy. (A phone plugged into the wall uses electrical energy. A cell phone that is not plugged into the wall runs on chemical energy.) The energy is carried through telephone wires. It is then converted back into acoustic energy on another phone, allowing someone to hear you. The total amount of energy is constant throughout this process.

Page 35: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Examples of Energy Transformations

• To turn on a ceiling fan, you must use mechanical energy to flip on the switch. Then electrical energy is transferred back into mechanical energy and radiant energy (if the fan has a light). Again, the total amount of energy remains the same.

Page 36: 1 Energy Introduction. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

Self Check

Check your understanding by answering the questions from http://www.poweringourfuture.com/students/energy/.


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