1 effects of different feeding regime, weaning period and stocking density on the survival and...

1

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGI EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMMEE,,

WEANING PERIOD AND STOCKING DENS WEANING PERIOD AND STOCKING DENSITITYY

ON ON THE THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF OF STINGINGSTINGING CATFISH FRY CATFISH FRY

(( Heteropneustes fos Heteropneustes fossisilislis , Bloch) , Bloch)

THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANAst 105453

2

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

Distribute in South-Asia and South-east Asia.

Good taste

High price

High nutritive Heteropneustes fossilis, (Bloch)

Yadav, 1999

3

Problem statement

Major constraints of H. fossilis larvae rearing is

the high rate of mortality.

How to improve the survival?

1. Feeding regime

2. Weaning period

3. Stocking density

Reported studies Feeding regime

Live-feeds are essential for carnivorous fish at the first stage (Dabrowski and Culver, 1991).

Weaning periodCo-feeding live-feed and artificial diets provided higher growth and survival than feeding either live-feeds or micro-diets alone (Giri et al., 2002).

Stocking densityOver-stocking has consequently slow growth and low survival (Shepherd and Bromage, 1992)

.

5

Experimental

design

Determine the proper stocking density

Rearing weaned fry with different stocking densities

Select the best weaning procedure

Weaning fish fry onto artificial diets with different acclimation schedules

Select the best live-feed

Experiment 1

Nursing fry with different live-feeds

Recommend the suitable nursing protocols

Experiment 2

Experiment 3

6

Experiment 1

To evaluate the effect of different live feeds on the growth and survival of H. fossilis fry at the first stage.

Null hypothesis: There is no effect of different live feeds on the survival and growth of H. fossilis fry.

Experiment period: 21 days

4 treatments and 4 replications.

Two days-old fry were reared with 3 different types of live feeds.

7

Design of Experiment 1

Trt Feed SD REP

1A Rotifer 8 fry/L 4

2A Artemia 8 fry/L 4

3A Moina

1st week: small-size Moina

After 1st week: ungraded Moina

8 fry/L 4

4A 1st week: Rotifer

2nd week: Artemia

3rd week: Moina

8 fry/L 4

8

Artemia : 0.5+ 0.06 mm

Small-size Moina : 0.36+ 0.04 mmRotifer: 0.15+ 0.03 mm

Ungraded Moina : 0.84+ 0.15 mm

Live-feeds

Rotifer

Ungraded MoinaArtemia

9

Treatment3:Moina were graded by sieving through 400 micron seine net during the first week.

400 micron

69 micron

10

Fish sample (2 day-old)

11

Maintenance of experiment tanks

12

Length and weight measurement

13

Fish mouth measurement

14

15

Results of experiment 1

Parameters1A

Fed Rotifer

2A

Fed Artemia

3A

Fed Moina

4A

Combination

Mean final weight

FMW (mg)

27.47c

± 7

51.27b

± 14

81.78a

± 29

63.54b

± 21

Daily weight gain

DWG (mg/day)

1.27c

± 1.3

2.6b

± 2.6

3.61a

± 3.6

2.93ab

± 3.0

Specific growth rate

SGR (%)

26.95c

± 0.4

30.0b

± 1.0

31.63a

± 1.0

30.65ab

± 0.5

Mean final length

FML (%)

13.41c

± 0.12

18.09b

± 0.23

20.03a

± 0.3

19.3ab

± 7

Survival (%)63.25b

± 3.3

84.06a

± 3.1

86.87a

± 1.8

83.81a

± 3.0

Fry fed Moina showed the best growth

Supporting literature

species Protein % Fibre % Fat % Ash %

Moina 71.6 7.4 20.6 11.8

Artemia 61.6 2.7 19.4 10.1

Rotifer 66.7 2.7 24.1 4.3

Source of data: Watanabe (1994)

16

This might have resulted from the higher nutritive value.

17

Size of fish mouth and live-feeds

Type of live-feeds

Rotifer ArtemiaSmall-size

Moina

Ungraded-Moina

Size (mm) 0.16+ 0.03

0.5+ 0.06 0.36+ 0.04

0.84+ 0.15

Age of fry 2 days 7 days 14 days 21 days

Size (mm) 0.66+ 0.02 1.13+ 0.09 1.44+ 0.2 1.72+ 0.03

This might have resulted from the appropriate size.

Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron)

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

2 days 7 days 14 days 21 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina

18

Appropriate size of live-feeds for larval feeding should be approximately 50% of fish mouth size (Shirota, 1970)


0100200300400500600700800900

2 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina

19

Fry should be fed with small-size Moina in the first week due to the appropriate size.


20

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

7 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina

Fry should be fed with small-size Moina in the first week due to the appropriate size.


21

0200400600800

1000120014001600

14 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina


22

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

21 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina

23

Experimental

design





Select the best live-feed

Experiment 1



Experiment 2

Experiment 3

Moina

24

Experiment 2

To investigate the effect of weaning periods in terms of different acclimation schedules weaning onto artificial diets.

Null hypothesis: There is no effect of different weaning periods on the survival and growth of H. fossilis fry.

6 treatments and 4 replications


Weaning periods: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days were investigated.

25

Design of experiment 2

Live feed

(time/day)

Dry feed

(time/day)

Livecontrol

Drycontrol

change every 1 day

change every 2 day

change every 3 day

change every 4 day

5 0 - - 1 2 3 4

4 1 - - 1 2 3 4

3 2 - - 1 2 3 4

2 3 - - 1 2 3 4

1 4 - - 1 2 3 4

0 5 - - 25 20 15 10

Total acclimatization weaning period (day)

0 0 5 10 15 20

Total experiment duration (day)

30 30 30 30 30 30

- : continuous feeding of live feed or dry feed

26

Artificial diets

Two types of artificial feeds were used

Feed No.1 No.2

Type

Particle size

Moisture (%)

Crude protein (%)

Crude Lipid (%)

Crude Fibre (%)

Ash (%)

Powder feed

0.3-0.8 mm

7.39

38.81

5.35

2.72

14.26

Sinking pellet feed

1.0–1.7 mm

8.09

38.78

5.49

2.56

14.38

composition of dry-feeds used in experiments

Thailuxe company

Artificial diets

27

Maintenance and measurement

28

29


parametersLive

control

Dry

control

change

every

1 day

change

every

2 day

change

every

3 day

change

every

4 day

Mean final weight (mg)

162.5a

± 15

62.5d

± 5

92.5c

± 5

127.5b

± 17

150a

± 16

155a

± 19

Daily weight gain (mg/day)

5.36a

± 0.4

2.02d

± 0.2

3.02c

± 0.2

4.19b

± 0.5

4.94a

± 0.5

5.11a

± 0.6

Specific growth rate(%)

16.9a

± 0.3

13.7d

± 0.3

15.1c

± 0.15

16.1b

± 0.4

16.7a

± 0.3

16.8a

± 0.4

Mean final length (mm)

28.6a

± 0.9

21.8d

± 0.2

24.2c

± 0.3

26.2b

± 0.9

28a

± 1.1

28.9a

± 1.7

Survival

(%)

84.56a

± 3.2

1.16d

± 0.3

10.5c

± 2.2

65.25b

± 4.0

81.37a

± 2.1

82.87a

± 2.3

Discussion

H. fossilis fry could not be activated to artificial feed by directly feeding them with dry feed.

H. fossilis fry can be weaned from live-feed to artificial feed by introducing dry feed every 3 days intervals (15 days weaning intervals).

The selection of 3 days intervals would be economically advantageous as it assist to reduce live-feed requirement.

30

31

Experimental

design





MoinaExperiment 1



Experiment 2

Experiment 3

15 days weaning schedules(change every 3 day)

32

Experiment 3

To determine the optimum rearing density.

Null hypothesis: There is no effect of different stocking densities on the survival and growth of H. fossilis fry.

Fry were fed with sinking pellet feed No.2

Set up with 5 treatments, 3 replications


33

Design of experiment 3

Treatment Stocking density

(fry/L)Feed replication

1C

2C

3C

4C

5C

4

6

8

10

12

No.2

No.2

No.2

No.2

No.2

3

3

3

3

3

Dry feed:Thailuxe company

Experiment 3

34

Length and weight measurement

35

36


parameters 4 fry/L 6 fry/L 8 fry/L 10 fry/L 12 fry/L

Mean final weight(mg)

1,238a

± 31

1,130a

± 26

1,106a

± 34

1,088b

± 42

970b

± 33

Daily weight gain(mg/day)

18.04a

± 0.3

16.33b

± 0.3

15.93c

± 0.3

15.64c

± 0.4

13.66c

± 0.3

Specific growth rate(%)

11.8a

± 0.05

11.7a

± 0.11

11.7a

± 0.22

11.6a

± 0.29

11.5b

± 0.22

MFL

(cm)

6.08a

± 0.52

5.87a

± 0.46

5.8a

± 0.63

5.73b

± 0.78

5.37c

± 0.63

Survival

(%)

39.6a

± 1.8

40.9a

± 4.3

38.5a

± 3.2

33.3b

± 1.4

30.6b

± 2.1

Discussion Optimum stocking density of H. fossilis is

8 fry/L.

Over-stocking has negative impact on growth and survival rate due to the competition for space. This might be due to stress.

Low temperature might have caused low

survival in all treatments.

37

Comparison between water quality parameters during experiment

periods and optimum levelparameters Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3

optimum level

DO 5.04-7.95 5.7-7.44 5.86-7.18 > 5

Temp 25.2-31.9 26.0-30.5 22.0-28.9 25-30

pH 7.3-7.94 7.3-7.68 7.3-7.89 6.5-8.5

TAN 0.00-0.17 0.00-0.18 0.00-0.09 < 0.1

NO2 0.00-0.03 0.00-0.06 0.00-0.04 < 0.1

Source of optimum level data: (Boyd,1990) 38

39

Experimental

design



15 day weaning schedules


Moina

Experiment 1



Experiment 2

Experiment 3

8 fry / L

Conclusions

Hypothesis 1: Moina is the most suitable live-feed for H. fossilis larval rearing at the first 3 weeks.

Hypothesis 2: H. fossilis fry can be completely weaned from Moina to artificial-feeds within 15 days with 3 gradually acclimatization per each live-feed to artificial-feeds combination.

Hypothesis 3: 8 fry/L is optimum stocking density of post-weaned H. fossilis fry rearing until achieving the fingerling size (3 month-old).

40

Recommendation

Comparison between H. fossilis fed small-size Moina and ungraded Moina at the first week should be done to evaluate the effect of different size, in term of growth and survival.

The development of suitable growth-out system for achieving the marketable size should be conducted.

During the experiment periods, affected should be paid for maintain optimum environment parameters, such as water temperature.

41

Thank you

42

1 effects of different feeding regime, weaning period and stocking density on the survival and...

Documents

appropriate size of

survival of

size of fry mouth

size of fish mouth

livefeeds micron

mmsmallsize moina

fossilis fry

effect of different