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EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ON STRATOSPHERIC

OZONE

NWADIKE ONYINYECHUKWU

BY

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 2

Outline

Introduction Atmospheric Forcing of Climate

Change: Anthropogenic effect Ozone Production and Loss

Processes Effect of Volcanic Eruption Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone

Recovery Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 3

Outiline

Introduction Atmospheric Forcing of Climate

Change: Anthropogenic effect Ozone Production and Loss

Processes Effect of Volcanic Eruption Effect of Montreal Protocol on

Ozone Recovery Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 4

The climate system and interaction

Mark Weber, 2004

Glossary: Luft=air, Eis=ice, Wechselwirkung=interaction, Kreisläufe=cycles, kurzwellig=shortwave, langwellig=long wave, Schnee=snow, Weltraum=space,Strömung=current, Seen=lakes, Flüsse=rivers, Niederschlag=precipitation, Zuläufe=streams, Wolken=clouds

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 5

Outline

Introduction Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change:

Anthropogenic effect Ozone Production and Loss Processes Effect of Volcanic Eruption Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone

Recovery Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 6

Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect

+VE Forcing, warming of the earth by WMGHG conc.

-VE Forcing, ozone depletion in stratosphere, cooling of earth.

Primary forcing mechanism affecting stratospheric climate changeWMO, 2006

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 7

The Roles of Trace Gases in the Stratosphere

Willams Brunne, 1991

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 8

Sources ,Reservior, and Reactive Species for the Chemical Species

Willams Brunne, 1991

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 9

Outiline

Introduction Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change:

Anthropogenic effect Ozone Production and Loss Processes Effect of Volcanic Eruption Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone

Recovery Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 10

Stratospheric Ozone Production

WMO, 2006

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1

2

J 3 3 2

2 3

J 13 2

3

O h v O ( P ) + O ( P ) 2 4 0 n m

O O M O M

O h O O ( D ) ( 3 2 0 n m )

O O

2 2 O

CHAPMAN CYCLE

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OZONE DESTRUCTION CYCLE

WMO, 2006

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Principal Steps in the Depletionof Stratospheric Ozone

WMO, 2006

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Polar Ozone Depletion

Hofmann et al. 1994

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Outline

Introduction Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change:

Anthropogenic effect Ozone Production and Loss Processes Effect of Volcanic Eruption Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone

Recovery Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 16

Effect of Volcanism

WMO, 2006

Large volcanic eruptions decreases solar transmission to Earth’s surface.

Increase in ozone depletion by the emitted particles.

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 17

Outline

Introduction Atmospheric Forcing of Climate

Change: Anthropogenic effect Ozone Production and Loss

Processes Effect of Volcanic Eruption Effect of Montreal Protocol on

Ozone Recovery Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 18

Global Ozone: Recovery Stages

WMO, 2006

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 19

Outline

Introduction Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change:

Anthropogenic effect Ozone Production and Loss Processes Effect of Volcanic Eruption Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone

Recovery Conclusion / Summary

Nwadike Onyinye28/11/2007 20

Conclusions/Summary

CFCs account for large ozone destruction because they have longer lifetime

Human activites contribute to indirect radiative forcing effect

Volcanic eruptions is a natural process that enhance Ozone depletion but cannot be predicted.

Montreal Protocol may lead to a complete ozone recovery by the year 2100

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