1

Disaster Management System of the Republic of

Korea

National Institute for Disaster Prevention

The Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs

for theMPAT Conference in Seoul

January 15, 2002

byDugkeun Park, Ph.D.

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Organization and Functions of MOGAHA

Organization and Mission of Headquarters of

Civil Defense and Disaster Management

○ Disaster Management System

○ Natural Disaster

○ Man-made Disaster

○ Fire Safety

Cooperation with other organizations

Contents

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Organization and Functions of MOGAHA

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• Local Autonomy Administration

• Civil Defense & Disaster Management

• National Administration• National Administration

FunctionsFunctions

○ Management of Protocol & State Council, and Awards & Decoration

○ Management of Gov’t Employ- ees & Organization, and Training of Human Resources

○ Responsible for Administrative Efficiency & Informatization

○ Gov’t Archives & Records Services, and Gov’t Building Management Service

○ Support of Local Autonomy System

○ Pursue Sound Local Finances and Local Tax

○ Management of Local Tax Law

○ Management of Civil Defense Regulation & Corps

○ Disaster Prevention and Recovery

○ Firefighting and Emergency Rescue

1. Main Functions

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Office of Emergency Planning

Office of Emergency Planning

2. OrganizationMinisterMinister

Vice MinisterVice Minister

Office of Public Affairs

Office of Public Affairs

Planning & Management Office

Planning & Management Office

Personnel BureauPersonnel Bureau

Administrative Management Bureau

Administrative Management Bureau

Local Finance & Local Tax Bureau

Local Finance & Local Tax Bureau

Office of Public Service Inspection

Office of Public Service Inspection

Office of Public Information Planning

Office of Public Information Planning

Office of Protocol & State Council

Office of Protocol & State Council

Assistant MinisterAssistant Minister

Headquarters of CDDMHeadquarters of CDDMNational Institute for Disaster PreventionNational Institute for Disaster Prevention

Central Officials’ Training InstituteCentral Officials’ Training Institute

Government Archives & Records ServiceGovernment Archives & Records Service

National Institute of Professional Adm.National Institute of Professional Adm.

Appeals CommissionAppeals Commission

5 Provinces of North Korea5 Provinces of North Korea

Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau

Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau

Disaster Prevention Bureau

Disaster Prevention Bureau

Fire Administration Bureau

Fire Administration Bureau

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3. Number of Staff: 2,260

Main Office: 774 ○ 2 Political, 18 Special, 608 Regular, 38 Fire, and 108 Technical

Attached Office: 1,486 ○ 8 Political, 68 Special, 761 Regular, 98 Fire, 11 Contract, 13 Education, Police, and 518 Technical

4. Budget: 14.3 billion (9.2% of the National Budget)

Central: $2.1 bil.(14.6%)

Local Supportive: $12.2 bil. (85.4%) ○ Subsidy : $7.6 billion ○ Concession : $3.9 billion ○ National Aid : $0.5 billion

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Total Number: 248 ○ 1 Special City, 6 Metropolitan Cities, 9 Provinces, and

232 Municipals

Staffs: 250,822

○ Municipal: 185,549 and Others: 65,273

Budget: $55.5 billion

○ The General Account: $40.5 billion

The Special Account: $15.0 billion

※ Budget Ratio Between Central and Local Government = 69 : 31

Local Governments

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Organization and Mission of the Headquarters of Civil Defense & Disaster Management

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1. Organizational Chart

HQ of CDDMHQ of CDDM

DPP BureauDPP BureauCDDM BureauCDDM Bureau FA BureauFA Bureau

Civil Defense &

Planning

Civil Defense &

PlanningDisaster Prevention &

Planning

Disaster Prevention &

Planning

Fire AdministrationFire Administration

Civil Defense

Management

Civil Defense

Management

Disaster

Management

Disaster

Management

Disaster PreparednessDisaster Preparedness

Disaster RehabilitationDisaster Rehabilitation

Fire PreventionFire Prevention

Fire SuppressionFire Suppression

Rescue &

Emergency

Rescue &

Emergency

· Central Civil

Defense Alert Control: 21

· National Institute for Disaster Prevention: 26

· Central Rescue HQ: 4 · National Fire Service Academy: 38 · National 119 Rescue Service: 68

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Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau ○ Management & Education of Civil Defense Corps

○ Countermeasures for Man-made Disasters (explosion, Collapse,

etc.)

Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau ○ Cope with Natural Disasters (Typhoon, Earthquake, Drought, etc.)

○ Operation of the National Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters when a Disaster Strikes or is Imminent to Occur

Fire Administration Bureau ○ Prevention & Suppression of Fire and Emergency Rescue & Medical Services

2. Mission

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3. Staffs : 289

Main Office : 167

○ 108 Regular, 38 Fire, 19 Technical, & 2 Special

Attached Office : 122

○ 17 Regular, 98 Fire, & 7 Technical

4. Budget : $ 199 Million

Central Budget : $ 58 Million

Local Supportive Budget : $141 Million

※ In Addition to this, Disaster Recovery Budget of about $880 Million per Year

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Disaster Management System

of the Republic of Korea

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Natural

Man-made

Most Urgent to Prevent, Manage,

& Recover in the 1960s since

Majority of Catastrophes were

Natural Disasters, such as

Typhoons & Torrential Rains

Natural

In the Course of Growth-Oriented

Economic Development, Industriali-

zation increased the Potential of Man

-made Disasters, such as Explosion

& Building Collapse

Man-made

Natural DisasterManagement(since 1967)

Man-made Disaster Management(after 1995)

1. System of Disaster Management Development of Dual System for Disaster Management

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Management System

LegislationLegislation

Recovery

Operation

System

Recovery

Operation

System

Category

Category

• Council of Central Civil Defense (Prime Minister)• National Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures HQ (MOGAHA) Other Ministries • Local DPC HQ (Provinces, Cities)

• Council of Central Civil Defense (Prime Minister)• National Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures HQ (MOGAHA) Other Ministries • Local DPC HQ (Provinces, Cities)

• Typhoon, Flood,

Blizzard,

Drought, Earthquake,

etc.

• Typhoon, Flood,

Blizzard,

Drought, Earthquake,

etc.• NDC Act (Amended on Dec. 7, 1995)

• NDC Act (Amended on Dec. 7, 1995)

ItemItem NaturalNatural Man-madeMan-made

• National SC HQ (Competent Minister)

• Local SC HQ (Provinces, Cities)

※ Action of Emergency Rescue HQ

• National SC HQ (Competent Minister)

• Local SC HQ (Provinces, Cities)

※ Action of Emergency Rescue HQ

• Fire, Explosion, Chemical

Attack,

Oil Spill, etc.

• Fire, Explosion, Chemical

Attack,

Oil Spill, etc.• Disaster Management Act (Enacted on July 18, 1995)

• Disaster Management Act (Enacted on July 18, 1995)

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2. Natural Disaster

Statistics

○ 7 Flood Damages & 3 Typhoons Each Year

○ Property Damage of $611 Million (0.14% of the GNP) & 142 Deaths

※ Damage and Recovery Cost in the Last 10 Years (1990-1999)

◆ Damage Cost

Death DisplacedInundation

(ha)House Farm Crop Public

Facility Other Total

142 12 41 20 429 108 61137,184 60,475

◆ Recovery Cost

Total National Treasury

Loan

883 82552 149

Self

100

LocalTreasury

< Unit: Million $>

< Unit: Million $>

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Structural Preventive Measures

ControlProject

ControlProject

• 8 Projects: $9.6 Billion - Dam (8), River Improvement (3,109km), Creek Repair (1,200km), Seawall Repair (1,204), Forestation (560ha), Fishing Port (127), Harbor (13,797m)

• 8 Projects: $9.6 Billion - Dam (8), River Improvement (3,109km), Creek Repair (1,200km), Seawall Repair (1,204), Forestation (560ha), Fishing Port (127), Harbor (13,797m)

Mitigation

Project

Mitigation

Project

• 11 Projects: $21.6 Billion - Road Repair (57,400 ㎞ ), Bridge & Tunnel (4,427), Farmland Infiltration (29,000 ㏊ ), Railway (383), Power Plant & Mine (8,869), Communication Facility, Drought Control (MOAF, ME), Flood Warning System, Aged Fishing Boat,

• 11 Projects: $21.6 Billion - Road Repair (57,400 ㎞ ), Bridge & Tunnel (4,427), Farmland Infiltration (29,000 ㏊ ), Railway (383), Power Plant & Mine (8,869), Communication Facility, Drought Control (MOAF, ME), Flood Warning System, Aged Fishing Boat,

TechnicalProject

TechnicalProject

• 3 Projects: $215 Million - Development of Natural Disaster Mitigation

Techniques, Modernization of Weather Forecast Equipment, Establishment of National Safety Management Information System

• 3 Projects: $215 Million - Development of Natural Disaster Mitigation

Techniques, Modernization of Weather Forecast Equipment, Establishment of National Safety Management Information System

2. Natural Disaster

○ Investment of $34.4 Billion on 22 Projects Based on the Fifth Basic Disaster Prevention Plan from 1997 2001∼ ○ Investment of $34.4 Billion on 22 Projects Based on the Fifth Basic Disaster Prevention Plan from 1997 2001∼

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Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced

2. Natural Disaster

Disaster Prevention

Plan

Disaster Prevention

Plan

• Basic Plan: Established Every 5 Years (Currently the 5th is Acting)

• Implementation Plan: Every Year (National, Local)

• Basic Plan: Established Every 5 Years (Currently the 5th is Acting)

• Implementation Plan: Every Year (National, Local)

Disaster

Impact

Assessment

Disaster

Impact

Assessment

• For Urban, Industrial Complex, & Other Development Larger than 1.8 ㎢ since 1996

• Study for the “Pre-consideration Regulation” to Cover Smaller Area

• For Urban, Industrial Complex, & Other Development Larger than 1.8 ㎢ since 1996

• Study for the “Pre-consideration Regulation” to Cover Smaller Area

Disaster

Provision

Disaster

Provision

• Period: From March to May Every Year

• Contents - Maintenance of Disaster Prone Areas & Facilities - Management of Large Construction Site, Reservation Equipment for Emergency Relief, Preparation of Shelters

• Period: From March to May Every Year

• Contents - Maintenance of Disaster Prone Areas & Facilities - Management of Large Construction Site, Reservation Equipment for Emergency Relief, Preparation of Shelters

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Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced

2. Natural Disaster

Designation

of

“Off-

Limits”

Area

Designation

of

“Off-

Limits”

Area

• To Expedite First-aid Assistance & Order

Evacuation Saving Lives in Public Area

• Status : 169 Sites in 13 Cities & Provinces

- 51 Gorges, 38 Rivers, 36 Coastal Areas, 44 Others

• To Expedite First-aid Assistance & Order

Evacuation Saving Lives in Public Area

• Status : 169 Sites in 13 Cities & Provinces

- 51 Gorges, 38 Rivers, 36 Coastal Areas, 44 Others

Earthquake

Damage

Mitigation

Earthquake

Damage

Mitigation

• Strengthen Resistance Design Code for 20 Structu

res

- 12 (Nuclear Power Plant, High Rise BLD) by 1999

- 8 Structures (City Railway, etc.) by 2000

• Survey of Existing Structures’ Resistance

- Retrofitting Standard (2000∼2002)

• Strengthen Resistance Design Code for 20 Structu

res

- 12 (Nuclear Power Plant, High Rise BLD) by 1999

- 8 Structures (City Railway, etc.) by 2000

• Survey of Existing Structures’ Resistance

- Retrofitting Standard (2000∼2002)

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Strengthen

Disaster Inf

ormation C

onveyance

Strengthen

Disaster Inf

ormation C

onveyance

• Automated Disaster Status Compilation System - Automatic Data Compilation of 232 Districts

• Installation of Automated Rainfall Warning System - Completed in 15 Sites out of 115 Sites

• Portable Disaster Image Transmission System - Operation in 232 District of 16 Cities & Provinces

• Simultaneous Voice Command Telephone System - Completed in 46 out of 232 Districts

• Development of Emergency Broadcasting System - Focusing on Automatic On-Off Device for TV & Radio

• Automated Disaster Status Compilation System - Automatic Data Compilation of 232 Districts

• Installation of Automated Rainfall Warning System - Completed in 15 Sites out of 115 Sites

• Portable Disaster Image Transmission System - Operation in 232 District of 16 Cities & Provinces

• Simultaneous Voice Command Telephone System - Completed in 46 out of 232 Districts

• Development of Emergency Broadcasting System - Focusing on Automatic On-Off Device for TV & Radio

Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced

2. Natural Disaster

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• Feasibility Study for Insurance Program

- Contract Unit, Type, Purpose, Coverage,

Role of the Government, etc.

• Background Preparation for Implementation

- Regulation Setup for Introduction and Operation of

the Insurance Program, etc.

• Feasibility Study for Insurance Program

- Contract Unit, Type, Purpose, Coverage,

Role of the Government, etc.

• Background Preparation for Implementation

- Regulation Setup for Introduction and Operation of

the Insurance Program, etc.

Preparation

of the Flood

Map

Preparation

of the Flood

Map

• Systematic Management of Flood Map and Previous Inundation Record

• Manual for Field Survey of Disaster Damage

• Database Computer System for Each River Basin

• Systematic Management of Flood Map and Previous Inundation Record

• Manual for Field Survey of Disaster Damage

• Database Computer System for Each River Basin

Introduction

of Natural D

isaster Insur

ance

Introduction

of Natural D

isaster Insur

ance

2. Natural Disaster

Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning

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2. Natural Disaster

Retention &

Infiltration

of Rainfall

Retention &

Infiltration

of Rainfall

• Researches on Rainfall Retention & Infiltration Facility Installation Method

• Deploy Pilot Facilities and Prepared Regulations fo

r Implementation

• Researches on Rainfall Retention & Infiltration Facility Installation Method

• Deploy Pilot Facilities and Prepared Regulations fo

r Implementation

Improve Sur

vey & Recov

ery Procedu

res for Publi

c Facilities

Improve Sur

vey & Recov

ery Procedu

res for Publi

c Facilities

• Improvement of Disaster Recovery System

• Improvement of Damage Estimation Method

• Development of SOP for Preparedness, etc.

• Improvement of Disaster Recovery System

• Improvement of Damage Estimation Method

• Development of SOP for Preparedness, etc.

Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning

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Disaster Status Control

Three Shifts round-the-clock with 4 Staffs Each

- 3 from MOGAHA & 1 from KMA

Three Shifts round-the-clock with 4 Staffs Each

- 3 from MOGAHA & 1 from KMA

Normal Period

Normal Period

Disaster

Preparedness

Period

(June 15∼October 15)

Disaster

Preparedness

Period

(June 15∼October 15)

Normal Situation : 6 staffs on 24-hour shifts - 3 from MOGAHA & 3 from KMA, KEPC, & KWRC

Emergency Situation

○ Preparatory Phase (Heavy Rainfall or Typhoon Advisory) ☞ 16 Staffs - 13 from MOGAHA & 3 Related Agencies

○ Alert Phase (Heavy Rainfall or Typhoon Warning) ☞ 34 Staffs - 20 from MOGAHA & 14 Related Agencies

○ Emergency Phase (Nationwide Disaster) ☞ 52 Staffs - 29 from MOGAHA & 23 Related Agencies

※ Similar Operation in Local Headquarters

2. Natural Disaster

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2. Natural Disaster

Disaster Response

Relevant Ministries& Corporations

i.e., Korean Meteo-rological Agency

(Satellite Imagery),Min. of Defense,Korea Red Cross,

etc.

National Disaster Prevention and

CountermeasuresHeadquarters

Municipal/ProvincialDisaster

Countermeasures HQ

City/County/DistrictDisaster

Countermeasures HQ

Occurrence of Disaster

Cooperation

Order

Order

Report

Report

- General nationwide supervision of disaster status control- Emergency measures and support for urgent issues- Restoration planning

- Collection of overall information on the status of disasters in a city /county/district- Command of emergency measures and urgent condition control

- Collection of overall information on the status of disasters in such administrative units as an eup, myon and dong- Command of emergency measures and urgent condition control- Restoration planning

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3. Man-made Disaster

Statistics (1995 1998)∼

Fire 123.829,218 2,230

Wildfire 4.7487 30

Collapse 70.0195 555

Transportation Accident

17.1335 371

Average 82.031,852 39,720

Environmental Contamination

401.5252,157 350,571

Sea Accident

24.077 8

Others

Explosion

27.9583 1,027

68.53,619 2,690

ItemItemItemItem OccurrenceOccurrenceOccurrenceOccurrence DeathDeathDeathDeath DamageDamageDamageDamage

< Unit: Million $>

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Preventive Measures

Management

of Dangerous

Facilities

Management

of Dangerous

Facilities

• Checking Bridges & House Every Year

• Classification as Class A, B, C, D, & E,

and Classes D & E are Checked Every Month

• Checking Bridges & House Every Year

• Classification as Class A, B, C, D, & E,

and Classes D & E are Checked Every MonthExercise and

Drill

Exercise and

Drill• Field Exercise and Disaster Games according to Disaster Type• Field Exercise and Disaster Games according to Disaster Type

Public

Campaign

Public

Campaign• Support Safety Culture Movement of NGOs to Promote Public Participation & Awareness• Support Safety Culture Movement of NGOs to Promote Public Participation & Awareness

Database

Management

Database

Management• Database for Facility Status & Checking Point as Part of Nat. Safety Management Information System

• Database for Facility Status & Checking Point as Part of Nat. Safety Management Information System

3. Man-made Disaster

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4. Fire Safety

Fire Suppression

○ StatisticsItem

OccurrenceDeath

Damage (m$)

29,4722,195121.7

32,6642,284159.7

33,8562,370166.4

1997 1998 1999

Rescue and Emergency Medical Service

○ Life Saving and Serving People by 119 Rescue Squad Daily Average (1999): 226 Rescued and 2,607 used EMS Transportation

★ 119 International Activities ○ Cambodian Airline Crash in 1997, Turkey & Taiwan Earthquakes in 1999

※ Daily Average (1999): 93 Fires, 6.5 Death, $0.5 million※ Daily Average (1999): 93 Fires, 6.5 Death, $0.5 million

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Fire Service Academy

National 119 Rescue

Organization

Fire Administration Bureau

Provincial Headquarters

Fire Department (140)

Fire Station (728)

Local Academy (5)Aviation Corps (11)

Rescue Team (143)

Rescue Squad (1,052)

4. Fire Safety

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Preventive Projects

○ Fire Safety Inspection as Preventive Measures:

- 5,646 Sites including Factories, Hotels, & etc.

○ Strengthen 119 Capabilities for Improved Fire Suppression

& Emergency Rescue

- Expand Fire Posts: 26 (2 Fire Stations, 3 Police Boxes, 11 Squad) - 69 Fire Engines, 139 Rescue Equipment - Distribute Beepers for Old Solitaries for Emergency Call

○ Reinforce Communication & Information System - Strengthen Cable & Wireless Communication System - Establish Emergency Rescue Information System · Pilot System in Chungbuk Province → Nationwide

4. Fire Safety

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Cooperation with other

Organizations

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1. Korean NGOs Citizens’ Assembly for Safe Live

2. International Cooperation UN/ISDR following UN/IDNDR UN/ESCAP, WMO Typhoon Committee ADRC ADPC COE, PDC, FEMA, the Northeast Asia Forum and etc.

3. Other Governmental Element 23 competent agencies including the Ministry of

Defense for Disaster Situation Control Regular Cooperation for Civil Defense Drill

END