1 climate change vulnerability and migration: nexus, challenges and responses md. shahidul haque...
TRANSCRIPT
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Climate Change Vulnerability and Migration:Climate Change Vulnerability and Migration:Nexus, Challenges and ResponsesNexus, Challenges and Responses
Md. Shahidul HaqueDirector, IOM, Geneva
Climate Vulnerable Forum Ministerial MeetingClimate Vulnerable Forum Ministerial Meeting13-14 November, Dhaka13-14 November, Dhaka
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Introduction
Vulnerability is highly contextual to geographical, socio-economic, gender and age factors
Three ways to look at climate change vulnerability and migration nexus:
First: Displacement / forced migration can be a manifestation of climate change vulnerability
Second: Mass population flows can create new vulnerabilities for mobile populations, as well as for their communities of origin and destination
Third: Migration can also be a strategy to reduce vulnerability to climate change
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Climate Change Vulnerability and Migration
High exposure to climatic events and processes, combined with low resilience / adaptation capacity leaving no choice but to move
Result of lack of alternatives, low levels of development, marginalization, low preparedness…
© International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Displacement / forced migration can be a manifestation of climate change vulnerability
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Climate Change Vulnerability and Migration
Risks incurred during the movement phase
Displacement onto more marginal lands / into hazardous and precarious conditions (e.g. urban slums)
Prolonged displacement (e.g. in camps)
Protection challenges (uncertainty of status)
Challenges for those who stay behind
Migration can create new vulnerabilities
© IOM 2005 - MPK0049 (Photo: Meral Jabucar)
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Climate Change Vulnerability and Migration
Migration as an adaptation strategy
– manages risks– reduces reliance on the
environment for subsistence
– allows for livelihood and income diversification
Migration can be a strategy to reduce vulnerability
© IOM October 2009
Migration as a survival strategy
– “last resort”, in the event of impending or acute natural disaster
Trapped populations vulnerability of those who cannot move
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Conceptualization
A working definition
“Environmental migrants are persons or groups of persons who, for compelling reasons of sudden or progressive change in the environment that adversely affects their lives or living conditions, are obliged to leave their habitual homes, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, and who move either within their country or abroad.”
IOM 2007
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IndividualCulturalSocialfactors
Environmental factors:
Sudden onsetSlow onset
Environmental degradation
Economic factors
Political factors
EnvironmentalMigration
Drivers of Environmental Migration
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Responses to Environmental Migration Vulnerability
Migratory responses:
First: Prevent forced migration resulting from environmental factors to the extent possible.
Second: Provide assistance and protection to affected populations where forced migration does occur, and to seek durable solution to their situation.
Third: Facilitate migration as an adaptation strategy to climate change.
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3. Manage migration:
assistance and protection
1. Prevent forced migration, facilitate
migration as adaptation
2. Prepare for displacement and
relocation
5. Address long-term challenges:
durable solutions, migration,
development and adaptation
Managing Environmental Migration
4. Mitigate impacts of forced or mass migration
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IOM’s Role and Responsibility
Policy Policy dialogue (national, regional, international) Focus on coherent and proactive policymaking
Research Inter-disciplinary research and publications Links between research and policy communities
Operations Humanitarian response to displacement induced by
natural disaster / complex emergencies Global cluster lead for Camp Coordination and
Management in Natural Disasters Reducing vulnerability and promoting adaptation to
environmental and climate change
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IOM Experience
Sudan
Drought, water scarcity and conflict –
Vulnerability mapping for durable solutions to
displacement
Sea-level rise and gradual environmental change –
Sustainable development and climate change adaptation
against migration pressures
Mauritius
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OM
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to:
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il S
rivas
tava
)
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Disasters, erosion and sea-level rise –
Emergency response, disaster risk reduction and capacity building
Bangladesh Eastern Africa
© S
ven
Tor
finn/
IOM
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6 -
MS
D01
42
Cross-border pastoralism, resource scarcity and conflict –
Ensuring pastoralist livelihoods, enabling
adaptation through mobility
IOM Experience
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Degradation and disasters, cumulative vulnerability, complex emergencies –
Disaster risk reduction and
livelihood stabilization
Haiti Myanmar
© International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
High vulnerability, low preparedness –
Emergency response, urgent health care and shelter
assistance for the displaced
IOM Experience
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M 2
009
- M
AZ
0016
(P
hoto
: Jea
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hauz
y)
Water scarcity and migration pressures –
Traditional adaptation strategies to stabilize
livelihoods
Azerbaijan Colombia
Protecting the most vulnerable – Regional capacity building in
disaster risk reduction
Environmental vulnerabilities – Adaptation through temporary
labour mobility
IOM Experience
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Way Forward
1. Manage knowledge and improve data
2. Enhance capacities: policy, legal instruments, institutional structure and operational mechanisms
3. Build comprehensive migration policies: migration, adaptation, development, disaster risk management
4. Operationalize migration: as adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies
5. Mobilize resources: integrated policy development and planning
6. Commit politically at high level: dialogue, partnerships and empowerment of affected people
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Thank you
and
Discussion