1 chc safety summit – mar/apr 2009 international helicopter safety team overview briefing mark...
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1CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
International Helicopter Safety TeamOverview Briefing
Mark Liptak FAA Aviation Data and Analysis Services, ASA-100IHST Program Director
2CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Today’s Objectives
• Discuss the case for change in helicopter safety
• Provide an overview of how the IHST is developing safety improvements from accidents analyses
• Provide IHST program status of both domestically and internationally
• Present top level analysis findings from the US fleet accident data set.
• Discuss the challenges of reaching small operators
3CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Worldwide Helicopter Accidents per Year1991 to 2005
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Year
Acc
iden
t C
ount
US Military US Civil Non US Civil and Military
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Year
Acc
iden
t C
ount
US Civil US Military Non US Civil and Military
Source - Bell Helicopter
We have a problem!
4CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009Global outreach key to success
Worldwide Helicopter Fleet Distribution33598 aircraft
Mexico 343 1%
Others 3469 10%
South Africa 577 2%
United States 14269 43%
GCC 250 1%
India 150 0.4%Japan 786 2%
Europe 6860 20%
CIS 2000 6%
Canada 1887 6%
Brazil 1050 3%Australasia 1957 6%
Kick-off cpt
IHST Partner
Outreach efforts continue, seeking
partnerships in the Mid and Far East, CIS, Mexico and S. Africa updated Jan ‘09
5CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Recent Accident Counts by Region
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Ac
cid
en
ts
North America Europe Asia Oceania South America Africa Central America
IHSTIHST
6CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
46
50
54
58
62
66
70
74
78
82
86
90
94
98
'02
Broad implementation of VOR and DMERadar introduced at selected towersVickers-700 Turboprop (1953 in UK, 1956 US)DC-7 (1955), Lockheed Electra ATC centers RADAR and radio contact with cruise aircraft 1949-55
Pressurized Aircraft into fleet (L-049, DC-6 & B-377) Earliest ILS (Glide slope, LOC & markers)
Long-Range radar (Centers)Jet Engine; 707 (1958) & DC-8VOR/DME integrated into autopilot (precision approaches)Secondary radar
RNAV (processing VOR/DME & basic Instruments)GPWS, TCAS; Early automation
FMSCRM & 6-Axis Simulator & FDRWindshearCabin Safety
Maj
or
Fat
al A
ccid
ents
Per
Mil
lio
n D
epar
ture
s
FOQA/ASAP & ATC DataRJ RevolutionNew Large JetsCooperative safety agenda
Factors That Led To Breakthroughs inFactors That Led To Breakthroughs inMajor Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946Major Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946
7CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
'
Hel
ico
pte
r A
ccid
ents
per
Exp
osu
reFactors That Will Lead To Breakthroughs inFactors That Will Lead To Breakthroughs in
Helicopter Accident Rates Since 2005Helicopter Accident Rates Since 2005
Introduction of a scalable SMS tool ?
Widespread use of safety accreditation programs ?
Create partnerships with insurers
Cockpit imaging systems ?
?
2005 20162007 2009 2011 2013 20152008 2010 2012 20142006
IHST Formed
8CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
~760
Accidents Avoided ~372
Fatalities/Serious Injuries Avoided source: Bell Worldwide Database
20
01
-20
05
avg 20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
US
Acc
ident
Rate
per
10
0,0
00
flig
ht
hours
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Year
Progressing Toward the 80% Goal
US Fleet Data
Trend projection if no action takenStart – 9.1Start – 9.1Per 100K hours
Goal – 1.8Goal – 1.8Per 100K hours
9CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
~1694
Accidents Avoided ~1132
Fatalities/Serious Injuries Avoided
source: Bell Worldwide Database
20
01
-20
05
avg 20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Worl
dw
ide A
ccid
ent
Rate
per
10
0,0
00
flig
ht
hours
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Year
Progressing Toward the 80% Goal
Worldwide Fleet DataTrend projection if no action takenStart – 9.5Start – 9.5
Per 100K hours
Goal – 1.9Goal – 1.9Per 100K hours
10CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
IHST is following a proven modelIHST (CAST)
Charters Activity
JHSAT (JSAT)Analyzes DataProposes most
effective interventions
JHSIT (JSIT)Assesses feasibility of
interventions works implementation
Continued data analysis,measure intervention
effectiveness (JIMDAT)
11CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
This is a worldwide effort
All IHST participants use a process adapted from CAST.
Key attributes:
All recommendations directly rooted in accident data.
Regional ownership - Data is owned and analyzed by those most familiar with it. Safety recommendations are implemented by teams most familiar with local needs and challenges.
JHSAT and JHSIT lead teams responsible for training/coaching regional teams, measuring the results of the safety recommendations and implementation effectiveness.
12CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
U.S. Safety Coordination Program
Industry
International HelicopterSafety Team
(IHST)
Joint Safety Analysis Teams
(JHSAT)
Government
AHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceGESchweizerOperatorsBoeingALEAPratt Whitney
FAA• Aircraft CertificationNASA
US JHSAT and JHSIT Stakeholders
JHSATAHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceSchweizerBristowAir MethodsSilver State Helo LLCNASAFAA
U.S. Safety Coordination Program
Industry
International HelicopterSafety Team
(IHST)
Joint Safety Analysis Teams
(JHSAT)
Government
AHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceGESchweizerOperatorsBoeingALEAPratt Whitney
FAA• Aircraft CertificationNASA
Joint HelicopterSafety AnalysisTeam (JHSAT)
Joint HelicopterSafety Implementation
Team (JHSIT)
JHSITCHCHACEurocopterSikorskyPHIBristowArkansas Child HospAELASilver State Helo LLCLife Flight MaineBellFAA
U.S. Safety Coordination Program
Industry
International HelicopterSafety Team
(IHST)
Joint Safety Analysis Teams
(JHSAT)
Government
AHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceGESchweizerOperatorsBoeingALEAPratt Whitney
FAA• Aircraft CertificationNASA
US JHSAT and JHSIT Stakeholders
JHSATAHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceSchweizerBristowAir MethodsSilver State Helo LLCNASAFAA
U.S. Safety Coordination Program
Industry
International HelicopterSafety Team
(IHST)
Joint Safety Analysis Teams
(JHSAT)
Government
AHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceGESchweizerOperatorsBoeingALEAPratt Whitney
FAA• Aircraft CertificationNASA
Joint HelicopterSafety AnalysisTeam (JHSAT)
Joint HelicopterSafety Implementation
Team (JHSIT)
JHSITCHCHACEurocopterSikorskyPHIBristowArkansas Child HospAELASilver State Helo LLCLife Flight MaineBellFAA
ALEA
13CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
IHST Organization ChartExecutive Committee
Government Co- ChairFAA – Dennis Pratte
Industry Co- ChairHAI – Matt Zuccaro
Program DirectorFAA – Mark Liptak
DirectorBell Helicopter – Somen Chowdhury
SecretariatAHS – M. Rhett Flater
DirectorShell Aircraft – Robert Sheffield
DirectorHAC – Fred Jones
JHSAT Co-Chairs JHSIT Co-Chairs
DirectorEHEST– Jean-Pierre Dedieu
DirectorNASA – Dr. Amy Pritchett
DirectorEHA Representative – TBD
Regional Partners - Europe, Brazil, India, Australia, Canada, US
14CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
RefinementStandardization
IHST Safety InitiativeAnalysis, Implementation and Metrics Functional Structure
IHSTExecutive Committee
Canada JHSAT
JHSAT Accident Analysis Recommendations
JHSIT Implementation
Actions
Others
EHSAT
US JHSAT
Brazil JHSAT
India JHSAT
Canada JHSIT
Others
EHSIT
US JHSIT
Brazil JHSIT
India JHSIT
JHSAT Co-Chairs
JHSIT Co-Chairs
PerformanceMetrics
Accident Analysis Recommendations
turned into Implementation Actions
Accident Analyses Recommendations Implemented
15CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
IHSSFormed
ExcomFormed
US
Europe
Canada
TBD
Metrics
Metrics
Brazil
Australia
Mid East
To
day
Far East
CIS
1
2
3
4Regional Kickoff MeetingJHSAT Team Formed
Key:
Accident Dataset Established
JHSAT Report Complete5
6JHSIT FormedJHSIT Process Refined
1
1
1
1
1
E
E
E
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
7 JHSIT SEs complete8 JHSIT DIPs complete
5
54
6
6
7
7 8
8
5 6 7 8
India 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
IHST Program - Regional Process Tracking
5 6 7 84
35 6 7 84
2 35 6 7 84
2 35 6 7 84
2 35 6 7 84
Program staffing, sales, marketing, management, communications, international outreach
2
1
E Regional “exploratory” mtg
Metrics
1
1
16CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Why do we think our process will work?
Three Examples:
Commercial Aviation
OGP/Shell Aircraft
ALEA
17CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 '02
Broad implementation of VOR and DMERadar introduced at selected towersVickers-700 Turboprop (1953 in UK, 1956 US)DC-7 (1955), Lockheed Electra ATC centers RADAR and radio contact with cruise aircraft 1949-55
Pressurized Aircraft into fleet (L-049, DC-6 & B-377) Earliest ILS (Glide slope, LOC & markers)
Long-Range radar (Centers)Jet Engine; 707 (1958) & DC-8VOR/DME integrated into autopilot (precision approaches)Secondary radar
RNAV (processing VOR/DME & basic Instruments)GPWS, TCAS; Early automation
FMSCRM & 6-Axis Simulator & FDRWindshearCabin Safety
Maj
or
Fat
al A
ccid
ents
Per
Mil
lion
Dep
artu
res
FOQA/ASAP & ATC DataRJ RevolutionNew Large JetsCooperative safety agenda
Factors That Led To Breakthroughs inFactors That Led To Breakthroughs inMajor Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946Major Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 '02
Broad implementation of VOR and DMERadar introduced at selected towersVickers-700 Turboprop (1953 in UK, 1956 US)DC-7 (1955), Lockheed Electra ATC centers RADAR and radio contact with cruise aircraft 1949-55
Pressurized Aircraft into fleet (L-049, DC-6 & B-377) Earliest ILS (Glide slope, LOC & markers)
Long-Range radar (Centers)Jet Engine; 707 (1958) & DC-8VOR/DME integrated into autopilot (precision approaches)Secondary radar
RNAV (processing VOR/DME & basic Instruments)GPWS, TCAS; Early automation
FMSCRM & 6-Axis Simulator & FDRWindshearCabin Safety
Maj
or
Fat
al A
ccid
ents
Per
Mil
lion
Dep
artu
res
FOQA/ASAP & ATC DataRJ RevolutionNew Large JetsCooperative safety agenda
Factors That Led To Breakthroughs inFactors That Led To Breakthroughs inMajor Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946Major Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 '02
Broad implementation of VOR and DMERadar introduced at selected towersVickers-700 Turboprop (1953 in UK, 1956 US)DC-7 (1955), Lockheed Electra ATC centers RADAR and radio contact with cruise aircraft 1949-55
Pressurized Aircraft into fleet (L-049, DC-6 & B-377) Earliest ILS (Glide slope, LOC & markers)
Long-Range radar (Centers)Jet Engine; 707 (1958) & DC-8VOR/DME integrated into autopilot (precision approaches)Secondary radar
RNAV (processing VOR/DME & basic Instruments)GPWS, TCAS; Early automation
FMSCRM & 6-Axis Simulator & FDRWindshearCabin Safety
Maj
or
Fat
al A
ccid
ents
Per
Mil
lion
Dep
artu
res
FOQA/ASAP & ATC DataRJ RevolutionNew Large JetsCooperative safety agenda
Factors That Led To Breakthroughs inFactors That Led To Breakthroughs inMajor Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946Major Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946
Large Transport Ops Rate Improvements
Source: cast.org
18CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Source: R. Sheffield, Shell Aircraft
19CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Airborne Law Enforcement Association Education Programs
• Began SMS training 2000• Accreditation Standards adopted 2005• Adopted IHST SMS Toolkit 2007• 480 people/year attend Regional Safety Seminars• 220 attended pre-conference courses in 2007• 1,100 people attend Annual Conference• Total membership – 3,600
Reduced accidents by 75% (21-6) from 1999-2007 by adoption of SMS methods
20CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
A look at some of the IHST’s work in the US
21CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
US Accident Analysis Overview:
197 accidents analyzed; covered a wide spectrum of helicopter operations – 15 basic mission types identified.
1200+ scored problem statements/intervention findings developed
US JHSAT refined the problem statement/intervention findings into:
7 foundational recommendation areas for the US fleet
125 specific recommendations for 15 mission types
2001 analysis almost complete, 174 additional accidents
22CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Ranked US Fleetwide Recommendations
1. Safety Management
2. Training
3. Systems and Equipment
4. Information
5. Maintenance
6. Regulatory Recommendations
7. Infrastructure
Detailed problem/solution info for 15 missions also developed
23CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
US Fleet– CY2000 Data
24CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Accidents in which Problem Category was Cited at least Once
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Pilot J
udg/Ac
tion
Data iss
ues
Safe
ty M
gmt
Pilot S
A
Groun
d Dut
ies
Mission Ri
sk
Part/
Sys F
ail
Maint
enan
ce
Post-cra
sh Sur
viv
Com
mun
icatio
ns
Regu
lato
ry
Safe
ty Sys
& Eqp
t
Infra
stru
ctur
e
Person
nel-n
onCr
ew
Num
ber
2000
2001
25CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
NTSB Phase of Flight-2000 vs 2001
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
Stan
ding
Groun
d
Climb
Cruise Ta
xi
Take
off
Desce
nt
Appr
oach
Emer
g Des
c/Ln
dg
Emer
g Ln
dg
Land
ing
misc
%2000
%2001
26CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Light Conditions x IMC/VMC
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Daylight
Dusk>Dawn
Night
Night/Bright
Night/Dark
Number
VMC
IMC
2001 accident data
27CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Intervention Categories (2000 vs 2001)
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
Data/
Info
rmat
ion
Infra
stru
ctur
e
Maint
enan
ce
No re
com
men
datio
n
Regul
ator
y
Safe
ty M
gmt
Syst
ems an
d Eq
uip
Traini
ng/In
stru
ct
% o
f In
terv
en
tion
s I
D'e
d
28CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Detailed US JHSAT data available at ihst.org
year 2000 report issued
year 2001 report to be issued September 2009
year 2006 accident data “on deck” for analysis
All findings passed to US JHSIT for implemtationplan development
All recommendations and actions based on accident data
29CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Implementing Change – Remaining Process Driven
Implementation actions are driven by accident data and arebased on the recommendations of the JHSAT team
Actions are prioritized for potential impact
Each action is assessed for safety impact and ROI
A “Safety Enhancement” (SE) plan is established for each action
The Excom reviews and if appropriate, approves each SE
Approved SEs are further augmented by a “Detailed Implementation Plan” (DIP)
SE/DIP effectiveness metrics used to ensure actions working as intended
30CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
The IHST challenge – reaching small and medium sized operators
HAI Survey Data
Identifying the target audience
31CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
1 to 5 ship operators
Insurance
Maintainers
Trainers IndustryPubs
FSDO
Pathways to Influence Change
ABC Groups
AccreditationProgs
We need to find high leverage means to influence the small ops community
32CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009
Conclusions:
We have a problem – Unanimity in the worldwide helicopter community; long term accident trends are unacceptable.
We know how to fix it – Using a data driven, stakeholder consensus process we’ve identified the drivers behindhelicopter accidents. Implementation of SMS, training, information and maintenance enhancements are thetop priority targets. Effectiveness measures will be used.
We can’t do it alone – Any entity with accident data willing to use the IHST analysis and implementation process is a viable candidate to join this worldwide initiative.
ihst.org
33CHC Safety Summit – Mar/Apr 2009