1 chapter 26 - phpcis.csuohio.edu/~sschung/cis408/lecturenotes_php-26.pdf · 1 chapter 26 - php...

2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

1

Chapter 26 - PHP

Outline26.1 Introduction

26.2 PHP

26.3 String Processing and Regular Expressions

26.4 Viewing Client/Server Environment Variables26.5 Form Processing and Business Logic

26.6 Verifying a Username and Password

26.7 Connecting to a Database

26.8 Cookies26.9 Dynamic Content in PHP

26.10 Operator Precedence

26.11 Web Resources


2

Objectives

In this chapter, you will learn:– To understand PHP data types, operators, arrays and control

structures.

– To understand string processing and regular expressions in

PHP.

– To construct programs that process form data.

– To be able to read and write client data using cookies.

– To construct programs that interact with MySQL databases.


3

26.1 Introduction

• PHP– PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

– Originally called “Personal Home Page Tools”

– Popular server-side scripting technology

– Open-source

• Anyone may view, modify and redistribute source code

• Supported freely by community

– Platform independent


4

26.2 PHP

• Basic application– Scripting delimiters

• <? php ?>

• Must enclose all script code

– Variables preceded by $ symbol

• Case-sensitive

– End statements with semicolon

– Comments

• // for single line

• /* */ for multiline

– Filenames end with .php by convention

2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Outline51 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1----strict.dtd"strict.dtd"strict.dtd"strict.dtd">>>>

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <?php<?php<?php<?php

8 $name = $name = $name = $name = "LunaTic""LunaTic""LunaTic""LunaTic";;;; // declaration// declaration// declaration// declaration

9 ?>?>?>?>

10

11 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>

12 <head> <head> <head> <head>

13 <title> <title> <title> <title>A simple PHP documentA simple PHP documentA simple PHP documentA simple PHP document</title></title></title></title>

14 </head> </head> </head> </head>

15

16 <body styl <body styl <body styl <body style = e = e = e = "font"font"font"font----size: 2em"size: 2em"size: 2em"size: 2em">>>>

17 <p> <p> <p> <p>

18 <strong><strong><strong><strong>

19

20 <! <! <! >>>

21 Welcome to PHP, Welcome to PHP, Welcome to PHP, Welcome to PHP, <?php<?php<?php<?php print print print print( ( ( ( "$name""$name""$name""$name" ); ); ); ); ?>?>?>?>!!!!

22 </strong> </strong> </strong> </strong>

23 </p> </p> </p> </p>

24 </body> </body> </body> </body>

25 </htm</htm</htm</html>l>l>l>

first.php

(1 of 1)

Declare variable $name

Scripting delimiters

Single-line comment

Function print outputs the value of variable $name


6

26.2 PHPFig. 26.1 Simple PHP program.


7

26.2 PHP

• Variables– Can have different types at different times

– Variable names inside strings replaced by their value

– Type conversions

• settype function

• Type casting

– Concatenation operator

• . (period)

• Combine strings


8

26.2 PHP

Data type Description int, integer Whole numbers (i.e., numbers without a decimal point). float, double Real numbers (i.e., numbers containing a decimal point). string Text enclosed in either single ('') or double ("") quotes. bool, Boolean True or false. array Group of elements of the same type. object Group of associated data and methods. Resource An external data source. NULL No value.

Fig. 26.2 PHP data types.

Outline91 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1----transitional.dtd"transitional.dtd"transitional.dtd"transitional.dtd">>>>

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html <html <html <html xmlns = xmlns = xmlns = xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>

8 <head><head><head><head>

9 <title><title><title><title>PHP data typesPHP data typesPHP data typesPHP data types</title></title></title></title>

10 </head></head></head></head>

11

12 <body><body><body><body>

13


15

16 // declare a string, double and integer// declare a string, double and integer// declare a string, double and integer// declare a string, double and integer

17 $testString = $testString = $testString = $testString = "3"3"3"3.5 seconds".5 seconds".5 seconds".5 seconds";;;;

18 $testDouble = $testDouble = $testDouble = $testDouble = 79.279.279.279.2;;;;

19 $testInteger = $testInteger = $testInteger = $testInteger = 12121212;;;;

20 ?>?>?>?>

21

data.php

(1 of 3)

Assign a string to variable $testString

Assign a double to variable $testDoubleAssign an integer to variable $testInteger

Outline10

22 <!<!<!>>>

23 <?php<?php<?php<?php printprintprintprint( $testString ); ( $testString ); ( $testString ); ( $testString ); ?>?>?>?> is a string. is a string. is a string. is a string.<br /><br /><br /><br />

24 <?php<?php<?php<?php printprintprintprint( $testDouble ); ( $testDouble ); ( $testDouble ); ( $testDouble ); ?> ?> ?> ?> is a double.is a double.is a double.is a double.<br /><br /><br /><br />

25 <?php<?php<?php<?php printprintprintprint( $testInteger ); ( $testInteger ); ( $testInteger ); ( $testInteger ); ?> ?> ?> ?> is an integer.is an integer.is an integer.is an integer.<br /><br /><br /><br />

26

27 <br /><br /><br /><br />

28 Now, converting to other types: Now, converting to other types: Now, converting to other types: Now, converting to other types:<br /><br /><br /><br />


30

31 // call function settype to convert variable // call function settype to convert variable // call function settype to convert variable // call function settype to convert variable

32 // testString to different data types // testString to different data types // testString to different data types // testString to different data types

33 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$testString""$testString""$testString""$testString" ); ); ); );

34 settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, "double""double""double""double" ); ); ); );

35 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( " as a double is $testString <br />"" as a double is $testString <br />"" as a double is $testString <br />"" as a double is $testString <br />" ); ); ); );

36 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$testString""$testString""$testString""$testString" ); ); ); );

37 settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, "integer""integer""integer""integer" ); ); ); );

38 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( " as an integer is $testString <br />"" as an integer is $testString <br />"" as an integer is $testString <br />"" as an integer is $testString <br />" ); ); ); );

39 settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, settype( $testString, "string""string""string""string" ); ); ); );

40 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Converting back to a string results in"Converting back to a string results in"Converting back to a string results in"Converting back to a string results in

41 $testString <br /><br />"$testString <br /><br />"$testString <br /><br />"$testString <br /><br />" ); ); ); );

42

43 $data = $data = $data = $data = "98.6 degrees""98.6 degrees""98.6 degrees""98.6 degrees";;;;

data.php

(2 of 3)Print each variable’s value

Call function settype to

convert the data type of

variable $testString to a

double.

Call function settype to

convert the data type of

variable $testString to an

integer.Convert variable $testString

back to a string



Outline11

44

45 // use type casting to cast variables to a// use type casting to cast variables to a// use type casting to cast variables to a// use type casting to cast variables to a

46 // different type // different type // different type // different type

47 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Now using type casting instead: <br />"Now using type casting instead: <br />"Now using type casting instead: <br />"Now using type casting instead: <br />

48 As a string As a string As a string As a string ---- " " " " . ( . ( . ( . (stringstringstringstring) $data .) $data .) $data .) $data .

49 "<br />As a double "<br />As a double "<br />As a double "<br />As a double ---- " " " " . ( . ( . ( . (doubledoubledoubledouble) $data .) $data .) $data .) $data .

50 "<br />As an integer "<br />As an integer "<br />As an integer "<br />As an integer ---- " " " " . ( . ( . ( . (integerintegerintegerinteger) $data );) $data );) $data );) $data );

51 ?>?>?>?>


53 </html></html></html></html>

data.php

(3 of 3)

Use type casting to cast variable

$data to different types


12

26.2 PHPFig. 26.3 Type conversion.


13

26.2 PHP

• Arithmetic operators– Assignment operators

• Syntactical shortcuts

• Before being assigned values, variables have value undef

• Constants– Named values

– define function

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "h"h"h"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"ttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"ttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"ttp://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>Using arithmetic opeUsing arithmetic opeUsing arithmetic opeUsing arithmetic operarararatorstorstorstors</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body> <body> <body> <body>


14 $a = $a = $a = $a = 5555;;;;

15 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "The value of variable a is $a <br />""The value of variable a is $a <br />""The value of variable a is $a <br />""The value of variable a is $a <br />" ); ); ); );

16

17 // define constant VALUE// define constant VALUE// define constant VALUE// define constant VALUE

18 define( define( define( define( "VALUE""VALUE""VALUE""VALUE", , , , 5555 ); ); ); );

19

20 // add constant VALUE to variable $a// add constant VALUE to variable $a// add constant VALUE to variable $a// add constant VALUE to variable $a

21 $a = $a + $a = $a + $a = $a + $a = $a + VALUEVALUEVALUEVALUE;;;;

22 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a after adding constant VALUE "Variable a after adding constant VALUE "Variable a after adding constant VALUE "Variable a after adding constant VALUE

23 isisisis $a <br />" $a <br />" $a <br />" $a <br />" ); ); ); );

24

operators.php

(1 of 3)

Define constant VALUE.

Add constant VALUE to variable $a.



Outline15

25 // multiply variable $a by 2// multiply variable $a by 2// multiply variable $a by 2// multiply variable $a by 2

26 $a *= $a *= $a *= $a *= 2222;;;;

27 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a <br />""Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a <br />""Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a <br />""Multiplying variable a by 2 yields $a <br />" ); ); ); );

28

29 // test if variable $a is less than 50// test if variable $a is less than 50// test if variable $a is less than 50// test if variable $a is less than 50

30 if if if if ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < 50505050 ) ) ) )

31 prprprprintintintint( ( ( ( "Variable a is less than 50 <br />""Variable a is less than 50 <br />""Variable a is less than 50 <br />""Variable a is less than 50 <br />" ); ); ); );

32

33 // add 40 to variable $a // add 40 to variable $a // add 40 to variable $a // add 40 to variable $a

34 $a += $a += $a += $a += 40404040;;;;

35 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a after adding 40 is $a <br />""Variable a after adding 40 is $a <br />""Variable a after adding 40 is $a <br />""Variable a after adding 40 is $a <br />" ); ); ); );

36

37 // test if variable $a is 50 or less// test if variable $a is 50 or less// test if variable $a is 50 or less// test if variable $a is 50 or less

38 ifififif ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < 51515151 ) ) ) )

39 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a is still 50 or less<br />""Variable a is still 50 or less<br />""Variable a is still 50 or less<br />""Variable a is still 50 or less<br />" ); ); ); );

40

41 // test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive// test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive// test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive// test if variable $a is between 50 and 100, inclusive

42 elseifelseifelseifelseif ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < ( $a < 101101101101 ) ) ) )

43 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a is now between 50 "Variable a is now between 50 "Variable a is now between 50 "Variable a is now between 50 and 100, and 100, and 100, and 100,

44 inclusive<br />"inclusive<br />"inclusive<br />"inclusive<br />" ); ); ); );

45 elseelseelseelse

46 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Variable a is now greater than 100"Variable a is now greater than 100"Variable a is now greater than 100"Variable a is now greater than 100

47 <br />"<br />"<br />"<br />" ); ); ); );

48

operators.php

(2 of 3)

Multiply variable $a by two using the

multiplication assignment operator *=.

Test whether variable $a is less than 50

Add 40 to variable $a using the addition assignment operator +=.

Print if variable $a is less than 50.



Outline16

49 // print an uninitialized variable // print an uninitialized variable // print an uninitialized variable // print an uninitialized variable

50 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Using a variable before initializing:"Using a variable before initializing:"Using a variable before initializing:"Using a variable before initializing:

51 $nothing <br />"$nothing <br />"$nothing <br />"$nothing <br />" ); ); ); );

52

53 // add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable// add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable// add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable// add constant VALUE to an uninitialized variable

54 $test = $num + $test = $num + $test = $num + $test = $num + VALUVALUVALUVALUEEEE;;;;

55 print print print print( ( ( ( "An uninitialized variable plus constant"An uninitialized variable plus constant"An uninitialized variable plus constant"An uninitialized variable plus constant

56 VALUE yields $test <br />"VALUE yields $test <br />"VALUE yields $test <br />"VALUE yields $test <br />" ); ); ); );

57

58 // add a string to an integer// add a string to an integer// add a string to an integer// add a string to an integer

59 $str = $str = $str = $str = "3 dollars""3 dollars""3 dollars""3 dollars";;;;

60 $a += $str;$a += $str;$a += $str;$a += $str;

61 prin prin prin printttt( ( ( ( "Adding a string to "Adding a string to "Adding a string to "Adding a string to variable avariable avariable avariable a yields $a yields $a yields $a yields $a

62 <br />"<br />"<br />"<br />" ); ); ); );

63 ?>?>?>?>



operators.php

(3 of 3)

Add constant VALUE to an uninitialized

variable.

Add a string to an integer.

Print an uninitialized variable ($nothing).


17

26.2 PHPFig. 26.4 Using PHP’s arithmetic operators.


18

26.2 PHP

• Keywords– Reserved for language features

– if…elseif…else

• Arrays– Group of related data

• Elements

– Name plus braces and index

• Indices start at zero

– count function

– array function


19

26.2 PHP

• Arrays, cont.– Built-in iterators

• Maintain pointer to element currently referenced

• reset

• key

• next

• foreach loops


20

26.2 PHP

PHP keywords

and break case class continue default

do else elseif extends false

for foreach function global if

include list new not or

require return static switch this

true var virtual xor while

Fig. 26.5 PHP keywords.

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "http://www."http://www."http://www."http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"w3.org/1999/xhtml"w3.org/1999/xhtml"w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>Array manipulationArray manipulationArray manipulationArray manipulation</title></title></title></title>


11



14

15 // create array first// create array first// create array first// create array first

16 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<strong>Creating the first array</strong>"<strong>Creating the first array</strong>"<strong>Creating the first array</strong>"<strong>Creating the first array</strong>

17 <br />"<br />"<br />"<br />" ); ); ); );

18 $first[ $first[ $first[ $first[ 0000 ] = ] = ] = ] = "zero""zero""zero""zero";;;;

19 $first[ $first[ $first[ $first[ 1111 ] = ] = ] = ] = "one""one""one""one";;;;

20 $first[ $first[ $first[ $first[ 2222 ] = ] = ] = ] = "two""two""two""two";;;;

21 $first[] = $first[] = $first[] = $first[] = "three""three""three""three";;;;

22

23 // print each element’s index and value // print each element’s index and value // print each element’s index and value // print each element’s index and value

24 for for for for ( $i =( $i =( $i =( $i = 0000; $i < ; $i < ; $i < ; $i < countcountcountcount( $first )( $first )( $first )( $first ); $i++ ) ; $i++ ) ; $i++ ) ; $i++ )

25 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Element $i is $first[$i] <br />""Element $i is $first[$i] <br />""Element $i is $first[$i] <br />""Element $i is $first[$i] <br />" ); ); ); );

arrays.php

(1 of 3)

Create the array $first by assigning a value

to an array element.

Assign a value to the array, omitting the index.

Appends a new element to the end of the array.Use a for loop to print out each element’s index and value.

Function count returns the total number of elements in the

array.



Outline22

26

27 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br /><strong>Creating the second array"<br /><strong>Creating the second array"<br /><strong>Creating the second array"<br /><strong>Creating the second array

28 </strong><br />"</strong><br />"</strong><br />"</strong><br />" ); ); ); );

29

30 // call function array to create array second // call function array to create array second // call function array to create array second // call function array to create array second

31 $second = $second = $second = $second = array( array( array( array( "zero""zero""zero""zero", , , , "one""one""one""one", , , , "two""two""two""two", , , , "three""three""three""three" ); ); ); );

32 for for for for ( $i = ( $i = ( $i = ( $i = 0000; $i < count( $second ); $i++ ) ; $i < count( $second ); $i++ ) ; $i < count( $second ); $i++ ) ; $i < count( $second ); $i++ )

33 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Element $i is $second[$i] <br />""Element $i is $second[$i] <br />""Element $i is $second[$i] <br />""Element $i is $second[$i] <br />" ); ); ); );

34

35 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br /><strong>Creating the third array"<br /><strong>Creating the third array"<br /><strong>Creating the third array"<br /><strong>Creating the third array


37

38 // assign val// assign val// assign val// assign values to nonues to nonues to nonues to non----numerical indices numerical indices numerical indices numerical indices

39 $third[ $third[ $third[ $third[ "ArtTic""ArtTic""ArtTic""ArtTic" ] = ] = ] = ] = 21212121;;;;

40 $third[ $third[ $third[ $third[ "LunaTic""LunaTic""LunaTic""LunaTic" ] = ] = ] = ] = 18181818;;;;

41 $third[ $third[ $third[ $third[ "GalAnt""GalAnt""GalAnt""GalAnt" ] = ] = ] = ] = 23232323;;;;

42

43 // iterate through the array elements and print each // iterate through the array elements and print each // iterate through the array elements and print each // iterate through the array elements and print each

44 // element’s n // element’s n // element’s n // element’s name and valueame and valueame and valueame and value

45 for for for for ( reset( $third ); $element = key( $third );( reset( $third ); $element = key( $third );( reset( $third ); $element = key( $third );( reset( $third ); $element = key( $third );

46 next( $third ) )next( $third ) )next( $third ) )next( $third ) )

47 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$element is $third[$element] <br />""$element is $third[$element] <br />""$element is $third[$element] <br />""$element is $third[$element] <br />" ); ); ); );

48

arrays.php

(2 of 3)

Call function array to create an array that contains

the arguments passed to it. Store the array in variable

$second.

Assign values to non-numerical indices

in array $third.Function reset sets the internal pointer to the

first element of the array.

Function key returns the index of the element which

the internal pointer references.

Function next moves the internal pointer to the next

element.



Outline23

49 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br /><strong>Creating the fourth array"<br /><strong>Creating the fourth array"<br /><strong>Creating the fourth array"<br /><strong>Creating the fourth array


51

52 // call function array to create array fourth using // call function array to create array fourth using // call function array to create array fourth using // call function array to create array fourth using

53 // string indices // string indices // string indices // string indices

54 $fourth = array( $fourth = array( $fourth = array( $fourth = array(

55 "January""January""January""January" => => => => "first""first""first""first", , , , "February""February""February""February" => => => => "second""second""second""second",,,,

56 "March""March""March""March" => => => => "third""third""third""third", , , , "April""April""April""April" => => => => "fourth""fourth""fourth""fourth",,,,

57 "May""May""May""May" => => => => "fifth""fifth""fifth""fifth", , , , "June""June""June""June" => => => => "sixth""sixth""sixth""sixth",,,,

58 "July""July""July""July" => => => => "seventh""seventh""seventh""seventh", , , , "August""August""August""August" => => => => "eighth""eighth""eighth""eighth",,,,

59 "September""September""September""September" => => => => "ninth""ninth""ninth""ninth", , , , "October""October""October""October" => => => => "tenth""tenth""tenth""tenth",,,,

60 "November""November""November""November" => => => => "eleventh""eleventh""eleventh""eleventh",,,,"December""December""December""December" => => => => "twelfth""twelfth""twelfth""twelfth"

61 ); ); ); );

62

63 // print each element’s name and value // print each element’s name and value // print each element’s name and value // print each element’s name and value

64 foreach foreach foreach foreach ( $fourth as $el( $fourth as $el( $fourth as $el( $fourth as $element => $value )ement => $value )ement => $value )ement => $value )

65 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$element is the $value month <br />""$element is the $value month <br />""$element is the $value month <br />""$element is the $value month <br />" ); ); ); );

66 ?>?>?>?>



arrays.php

(3 of 3)

Operator => is used in function array to assign each

element a string index. The value to the left of the

operator is the array index, and the value to the right is

the element’s value.


24

26.2 PHPFig. 26.6 Array manipulation.


25

26.3 String Processing and Regular

Expressions

• String processing– Equality and comparison two important operations

– strcmp function

• Returns –1 if string 1 < string 2

• Returns 0 if string 1 = string 2

• Returns 1 if string 1 > string 2

– Relational operators

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "http://ww"http://ww"http://ww"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"w.w3.org/1999/xhtml"w.w3.org/1999/xhtml"w.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>String ComparisonString ComparisonString ComparisonString Comparison</title></title></title></title>


11


13 <?php <?php <?php <?php

14

15 // create array fruits// create array fruits// create array fruits// create array fruits

16 $fruits = array( $fruits = array( $fruits = array( $fruits = array( "apple""apple""apple""apple", , , , "orange""orange""orange""orange", , , , "banana""banana""banana""banana" ); ); ); );

17

18 // iterate through each array element// iterate through each array element// iterate through each array element// iterate through each array element

19 forforforfor ( $i = ( $i = ( $i = ( $i = 0000; $i < count( $fruits ); $i++ ) {; $i < count( $fruits ); $i++ ) {; $i < count( $fruits ); $i++ ) {; $i < count( $fruits ); $i++ ) {

20

21 // call function strcmp to compare the array element // call function strcmp to compare the array element // call function strcmp to compare the array element // call function strcmp to compare the array element

22 // to string "banana" // to string "banana" // to string "banana" // to string "banana"

23 ifififif ( ( ( ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], "banana""banana""banana""banana" ) ) ) ) < < < < 0000 ) ) ) )

24 printprintprintprint( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ]." is less than banana "" is less than banana "" is less than banana "" is less than banana " ); ); ); );

compare.php

(1 of 2)

Use a for loop to iterate through each array element.

Function strcmp compares two strings. If the first string

alphabetically precedes the second, then –1 is returned. If

the strings are equal, 0 is returned. If the first string

alphabetically follows the second, then 1 is returned.



Outline27

25 elseifelseifelseifelseif ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], ( strcmp( $fruits[ $i ], "banana""banana""banana""banana" ) > ) > ) > ) > 0000 ) ) ) )

26 printprintprintprint( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].

27 " is greater than banana "" is greater than banana "" is greater than banana "" is greater than banana " ); ); ); );

28 elseelseelseelse

29 printprintprintprint( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ].( $fruits[ $i ]." is equal to banana "" is equal to banana "" is equal to banana "" is equal to banana " ); ); ); );

30

31 // use relational operators to compare each element // use relational operators to compare each element // use relational operators to compare each element // use relational operators to compare each element

32 // to string "apple" // to string "apple" // to string "apple" // to string "apple"

33 ifififif ( $fruits[ $i ] < ( $fruits[ $i ] < ( $fruits[ $i ] < ( $fruits[ $i ] < "apple""apple""apple""apple" ) ) ) )

34 print print print print( ( ( ( "and less than apple! <br />""and less than apple! <br />""and less than apple! <br />""and less than apple! <br />" ); ); ); );

35 elseifelseifelseifelseif ( $fruits[ $i ] > ( $fruits[ $i ] > ( $fruits[ $i ] > ( $fruits[ $i ] > "apple""apple""apple""apple" ) ) ) )

36 print print print print( ( ( ( "and greater than apple! <br />""and greater than apple! <br />""and greater than apple! <br />""and greater than apple! <br />" ); ); ); );

37 elseifelseifelseifelseif ( $fruits[ $i ] == ( $fruits[ $i ] == ( $fruits[ $i ] == ( $fruits[ $i ] == "apple""apple""apple""apple" ) ) ) )

38 print print print print( ( ( ( "and equal to apple! <br />""and equal to apple! <br />""and equal to apple! <br />""and equal to apple! <br />" ); ); ); );

39

40 }}}}

41 ?>?>?>?>



compare.php

(2 of 2)

Use relational operators to compare each array element to string “apple”.


28


ExpressionsFig. 26.7 Using the string comparison operators.


29


Expressions

• Regular expressions– Pattern matching templates

– ereg function

• POSIX

– preg_match function

• Perl

– ereg_replace function

• Building regular expressions– Metacharacters

• $, ., ^

– Brackets [ ]

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "htt"htt"htt"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Regular expressionsRegular expressionsRegular expressionsRegular expressions</title></title></title></title>


11



14 $search = $search = $search = $search = "Now is the time""Now is the time""Now is the time""Now is the time";;;;

15 print print print print( ( ( ( "Test string is: '$search'<br /><br />""Test string is: '$search'<br /><br />""Test string is: '$search'<br /><br />""Test string is: '$search'<br /><br />" ) ) ) );;;;

16

17 // call function ereg to search for pattern 'Now' // call function ereg to search for pattern 'Now' // call function ereg to search for pattern 'Now' // call function ereg to search for pattern 'Now'

18 // in variable search // in variable search // in variable search // in variable search

19 if if if if ( ( ( ( ereg( ereg( ereg( ereg( "Now""Now""Now""Now", $search ), $search ), $search ), $search ) ) ) ) )

20 print print print print( ( ( ( "String 'Now' was found.<br />""String 'Now' was found.<br />""String 'Now' was found.<br />""String 'Now' was found.<br />" ); ); ); );

21

expression.php

(1 of 3)

Function ereg searches for the literal

characters Now inside variable $search.



Outline31

22 // search for pattern 'Now' in the beginning of // search for pattern 'Now' in the beginning of // search for pattern 'Now' in the beginning of // search for pattern 'Now' in the beginning of

23 // the string // the string // the string // the string

24 if if if if ( ( ( ( ereg( ereg( ereg( ereg( "^Now""^Now""^Now""^Now", $search ), $search ), $search ), $search ) ) ) ) )

25 print print print print( ( ( ( "String 'Now' found at beginning"String 'Now' found at beginning"String 'Now' found at beginning"String 'Now' found at beginning

26 of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />" ); ); ); );

27

28 // search for pattern 'Now' at the end of the string // search for pattern 'Now' at the end of the string // search for pattern 'Now' at the end of the string // search for pattern 'Now' at the end of the string

29 if if if if ( ( ( ( ereg( ereg( ereg( ereg( "Now$""Now$""Now$""Now$", $search ), $search ), $search ), $search ) ) ) ) )

30 print print print print( ( ( ( "String 'Now' was found at the end "String 'Now' was found at the end "String 'Now' was found at the end "String 'Now' was found at the end

31 of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />"of the line.<br />" ); ); ); );

32

33 // search for any word ending in 'ow'// search for any word ending in 'ow'// search for any word ending in 'ow'// search for any word ending in 'ow'

34 ifififif ( ereg( ( ereg( ( ereg( ( ereg( "[[:<:]]([a"[[:<:]]([a"[[:<:]]([a"[[:<:]]([a----zAzAzAzA----Z]*ow)[[:>:]]"Z]*ow)[[:>:]]"Z]*ow)[[:>:]]"Z]*ow)[[:>:]]", $search,, $search,, $search,, $search,

35 $match ) )$match ) )$match ) )$match ) )

36 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Word found ending in 'ow': ""Word found ending in 'ow': ""Word found ending in 'ow': ""Word found ending in 'ow': " . . . .

37 $mat$mat$mat$match[ ch[ ch[ ch[ 1111 ] ] ] ] . . . . "<br />""<br />""<br />""<br />" ); ); ); );

38

39 // search for any words beginning with 't' // search for any words beginning with 't' // search for any words beginning with 't' // search for any words beginning with 't'

40 print print print print( ( ( ( "Words beginning with 't' found: ""Words beginning with 't' found: ""Words beginning with 't' found: ""Words beginning with 't' found: "););););

41

42 whilewhilewhilewhile ( eregi( ( eregi( ( eregi( ( eregi( "[[:<:]](t[[:alpha:]]+)[[:>:]]""[[:<:]](t[[:alpha:]]+)[[:>:]]""[[:<:]](t[[:alpha:]]+)[[:>:]]""[[:<:]](t[[:alpha:]]+)[[:>:]]",,,,

43 $search, $$search, $$search, $$search, $match ) )match ) )match ) )match ) ) { { { {

44 print print print print( $match[ ( $match[ ( $match[ ( $match[ 1111 ] . ] . ] . ] . " "" "" "" " ); ); ); );

45

expression.php

(2 of 3)

The dollar sign special character ($) search for the

pattern Now at the end of the string.

The expression inside the parentheses, [a-zA-Z]*ow,

matches any word ending in ow. The quantifier *

matches the preceding pattern 0 or more times.

The special bracket expressions [[:<:]] and

[[:>:]] match the beginning and end of a

word, respectively.

Placing a pattern in parentheses stores the matched

string in the array that is specified in the third argument

to function ereg.

The while loop is used to find each occurrence of a

word in the string beginning with t.

The pattern used in this example,

[[:<:]](t[[:alpha:]]+)[[:>:]], matches any

word beginning with the character t followed by one or

more characters. Character class [[:alpha:]]

recognizes any alphabetic character.

Function eregi is used to specify case insensitive

pattern matches.

The caret special character (^) matches the

beginning of a string. Function ereg searches the

beginning of the string for pattern Now .



Outline32

expression.php

(3 of 3)

46 // remove the first occurrence of a word beginning // remove the first occurrence of a word beginning // remove the first occurrence of a word beginning // remove the first occurrence of a word beginning

47 // with 't' to find other instances in the string // with 't' to find other instances in the string // with 't' to find other instances in the string // with 't' to find other instances in the string

48 $search = ereg_replace( $match[ $search = ereg_replace( $match[ $search = ereg_replace( $match[ $search = ereg_replace( $match[ 1111 ], ], ], ], """""""", $search );, $search );, $search );, $search );

49 } } } }

50

51 print print print print( ( ( ( "<b"<b"<b"<br />"r />"r />"r />" ); ); ); );

52 ?>?>?>?>



After printing a match of a word beginning with t, function

ereg_replace is called to remove the word from the string.

This is necessary be because to find multiple instances of a

given pattern, the first matched instance must first be removed.

Function ereg_replace takes three arguments: the pattern to

match, a string to replace the matched string and the string to

search.


33


ExpressionsFig. 26.8 Regular expressions in PHP.


34


Expressions

Quantifier Matches {n} Exactly n times. {m,n} Between m and n times inclusive. {n,} n or more times. + One or more times (same as {1,}). * Zero or more times (same as {0,}). ? Zero or one time (same as {0,1}).

Fig. 26.9 Some PHP quantifiers.


35


Expressions

Character class Description alnum Alphanumeric characters (i.e., letters [a-zA-Z] or digits [0-9]). alpha Word characters (i.e., letters [a-zA-Z]). digit Digits. space Whitespace. lower Lowercase letters. upper Uppercase letters.

Fig. 26.10 Some PHP character classes.


36

26.4 Viewing Client/Server Environment

Variables

• Environment variables– Provide information about execution environment

• Type of Web browser

• Type of server

• Details of HTTP connection

– Stored as array in PHP

• $_ENV


37


Variables

Variable name Description $_SERVER Data about the currently running server.

$_ENV Data about the client’s environment. $_GET Data posted to the server by the get method. $_POST Data posted to the server by the post method. $_COOKIE Data contained in cookies on the client’s computer. $GLOBALS Array containing all global variables.

Fig. 26.11 Some useful global arrays.

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6



9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Environment VariablesEnvironment VariablesEnvironment VariablesEnvironment Variables</title></title></title></title>


11


13 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "0""0""0""0" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "2""2""2""2" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "0""0""0""0"

14 width = width = width = width = "1"1"1"100%"00%"00%"00%">>>>


16

17 // print the key and value for each element // print the key and value for each element // print the key and value for each element // print the key and value for each element

18 // in the $_ENV array // in the $_ENV array // in the $_ENV array // in the $_ENV array

19 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $_ENV ( $_ENV ( $_ENV ( $_ENV asasasas $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value )

20 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<tr><td bgcolor = "<tr><td bgcolor = "<tr><td bgcolor = "<tr><td bgcolor = \\\\"#11bbff"#11bbff"#11bbff"#11bbff\\\\">">">">

21 <strong>$key</strong></td><strong>$key</strong></td><strong>$key</strong></td><strong>$key</strong></td>

22 <td>$value</td></tr>"<td>$value</td></tr>"<td>$value</td></tr>"<td>$value</td></tr>" ); ); ); );

23 ?>?>?>?>

24 </table> </table> </table> </table>



env.php

(1 of 1)

The foreach loop is used to print out the keys and

values for each element in the $_ENV array.PHP stores environment variables and their values in

the $_ENV array.


39


VariablesFig. 26.12 Displaying environment variables.


40

26.5 Form Processing and Business Logic

• Form processing– action property

• Where to send form data

– method property

• post

– Each element has unique name

3

4 <!<!<! > > >

5 <!<!<!>>>

6



9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Sample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTML</title></title></title></title>


11


13

14 <h1> <h1> <h1> <h1>This is a sample registration form.This is a sample registration form.This is a sample registration form.This is a sample registration form.</h1></h1></h1></h1>

15 Please fill in all fields and click Register.Please fill in all fields and click Register.Please fill in all fields and click Register.Please fill in all fields and click Register.

16

17 <!<!<!>>>

18 <form method = <form method = <form method = <form method = "post""post""post""post" action = action = action = action = "form.php""form.php""form.php""form.php">>>>

19 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/user.gif""images/user.gif""images/user.gif""images/user.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "User" "User" "User" "User" /><br />/><br />/><br />/><br />

20 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = """"color: blue"color: blue"color: blue"color: blue">>>>

21 Please fill out the fields below. Please fill out the fields below. Please fill out the fields below. Please fill out the fields below.<br /><br /><br /><br />

22 </span> </span> </span> </span>

23

form.html

(1 of 4)

The action attribute of the form element

indicates that when the user clicks Register, the

form data will be posted to form.php.

Outline42

24 <! <! <! >>>

25 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/fname.gif""images/fname.gif""images/fname.gif""images/fname.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "First Name""First Name""First Name""First Name" /> /> /> />

26 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "fname""fname""fname""fname" /><br /> /><br /> /><br /> /><br />

27

28 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/lname.gif""images/lname.gif""images/lname.gif""images/lname.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "La"La"La"Last Name" st Name" st Name" st Name" />/>/>/>

29 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "lname""lname""lname""lname" /><br /> /><br /> /><br /> /><br />

30

31 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/email.gif""images/email.gif""images/email.gif""images/email.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "Email" "Email" "Email" "Email" /> /> /> />

32 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "email""email""email""email" /><br /> /><br /> /><br /> /><br />

33

34 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/p"images/p"images/p"images/phone.gif"hone.gif"hone.gif"hone.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "Phone" "Phone" "Phone" "Phone" /> /> /> />

35 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "phone""phone""phone""phone" /><br /> /><br /> /><br /> /><br />

36

37 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "font"font"font"font----size: 10pt"size: 10pt"size: 10pt"size: 10pt">>>>

38 Must be in the form (555)555 Must be in the form (555)555 Must be in the form (555)555 Must be in the form (555)555----5555555555555555</span></span></span></span>

39 <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />

40

41 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/downloads.gif""images/downloads.gif""images/downloads.gif""images/downloads.gif"

42 alt = alt = alt = alt = "Publications" "Publications" "Publications" "Publications" /><br />/><br />/><br />/><br />

43

44 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>

45 Which book would you like information about? Which book would you like information about? Which book would you like information about? Which book would you like information about?

46 </span><br /> </span><br /> </span><br /> </span><br />

47

form.html

(2 of 4)

A unique name (e.g., email) is assigned to each

of the form’s input fields. When Register is

clicked, each field’s name and value are sent to

the Web server.

Outline43

48 <! <! <! >>>

49 <select name = <select name = <select name = <select name = "book""book""book""book">>>>

50 <option><option><option><option>Internet and WWW How to Program 3eInternet and WWW How to Program 3eInternet and WWW How to Program 3eInternet and WWW How to Program 3e</option></option></option></option>

51 <option><option><option><option>C++ How to Program 4eC++ How to Program 4eC++ How to Program 4eC++ How to Program 4e</option></option></option></option>

52 <optio <optio <optio <option>n>n>n>Java How to Program 5eJava How to Program 5eJava How to Program 5eJava How to Program 5e</option></option></option></option>

53 <option> <option> <option> <option>XML How to Program 1eXML How to Program 1eXML How to Program 1eXML How to Program 1e</option></option></option></option>

54 </select> </select> </select> </select>

55 <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />

56

57 <img src = <img src = <img src = <img src = "images/os.gif""images/os.gif""images/os.gif""images/os.gif" alt = alt = alt = alt = "Operating System" "Operating System" "Operating System" "Operating System" />/>/>/>

58 <br /><span style = <br /><span style = <br /><span style = <br /><span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>

59 Which operating system are you currently using? Which operating system are you currently using? Which operating system are you currently using? Which operating system are you currently using?

60 <br /></span> <br /></span> <br /></span> <br /></span>

61

62 <! <! <! >>>

63 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "radio""radio""radio""radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value = "Windows XP""Windows XP""Windows XP""Windows XP"

64 cccchecked = hecked = hecked = hecked = "checked""checked""checked""checked" /> /> /> />

65 Windows XP Windows XP Windows XP Windows XP

66

67 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "radio" "radio" "radio" "radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value =

68 "Windows 2000" "Windows 2000" "Windows 2000" "Windows 2000" /> /> /> />

69 Windows 2000Windows 2000Windows 2000Windows 2000

70

71 <input ty <input ty <input ty <input type = pe = pe = pe = "radio""radio""radio""radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value =

72 "Windows 98" "Windows 98" "Windows 98" "Windows 98" /> /> /> />

73 Windows 98Windows 98Windows 98Windows 98<br /><br /><br /><br />

form.html

(3 of 4)

Outline44

form.html

(4 of 4)

74

75 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "radio""radio""radio""radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value = "Linux""Linux""Linux""Linux" /> /> /> />

76 LinuxLinuxLinuxLinux

77

78 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "radio""radio""radio""radio" name = name = name = name = "os""os""os""os" value = value = value = value = "Other""Other""Other""Other" /> /> /> />

79 Other Other Other Other<br /><br /><br /><br />

80

81 <! <! <! >>>

82 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" value = value = value = value = "Register""Register""Register""Register" /> /> /> />

83 </form> </form> </form> </form>

84


45


Fig. 26.13 XHTML form for gathering user input.


46


• Business logic– Confirm that valid information was entered

– extract function

• Creates variables corresponding to each key-value pair in array

• Easily retrieve all values sent to PHP page

– Regular expressions very helpful

– Do checks on client side where possible

• JavaScript

• Conserves server resources

• Ending a script– die function

• Remember to close all HTML tags

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6



9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Form ValidationForm ValidationForm ValidationForm Validation</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial,sansfamily: arial,sansfamily: arial,sansfamily: arial,sans----serif"serif"serif"serif">>>>

13


15 extract( $_POST );extract( $_POST );extract( $_POST );extract( $_POST );

16

17 // determine whether phone number is valid and print // determine whether phone number is valid and print // determine whether phone number is valid and print // determine whether phone number is valid and print

18 // an error message if not // an error message if not // an error message if not // an error message if not

19 ifififif ( !ereg( ( !ereg( ( !ereg( ( !ereg( "^"^"^"^\\\$[0([0([0([0----9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}\\\$[0)[0)[0)[0----9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}----[0[0[0[0----9]{4}$"9]{4}$"9]{4}$"9]{4}$",,,,

20 $phone ) ){$phone ) ){$phone ) ){$phone ) ){

21

form.php

(1 of 4)

Function ereg is called to determine whether the

phone number entered by the user is valid. The expression \( matches the opening

parentheses of a phone number.

We access the phone field’s value from

form.html by using variable $phone.

The parentheses in the expression must be

followed by three digits ([0-9]{3}), a closing

parenthesis, three digits, a literal hyphen and

four additional digits.



Outline48

22 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<p><span style = "<p><span style = "<p><span style = "<p><span style = \\\\"color: red;"color: red;"color: red;"color: red;

23 font font font font----size: 2emsize: 2emsize: 2emsize: 2em\\\\">">">">

24 INVALID PHONE NUMBER</span><br /> INVALID PHONE NUMBER</span><br /> INVALID PHONE NUMBER</span><br /> INVALID PHONE NUMBER</span><br />

25 A valid phone number must be in the form A valid phone number must be in the form A valid phone number must be in the form A valid phone number must be in the form

26 <strong>(555)555 <strong>(555)555 <strong>(555)555 <strong>(555)555----5555<5555<5555<5555</strong><br />/strong><br />/strong><br />/strong><br />

27 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = \\\\"color: blue"color: blue"color: blue"color: blue\\\\"> "> "> ">

28 Click the Back button, enter a valid phone Click the Back button, enter a valid phone Click the Back button, enter a valid phone Click the Back button, enter a valid phone

29 number and resubmit.<br /><br /> number and resubmit.<br /><br /> number and resubmit.<br /><br /> number and resubmit.<br /><br />

30 Thank You.</span></p></body></html>"Thank You.</span></p></body></html>"Thank You.</span></p></body></html>"Thank You.</span></p></body></html>" ); ); ); );

31

32 die();die();die();die(); // terminate script execution// terminate script execution// terminate script execution// terminate script execution

33 } } } }

34 ?>?>?>?>

35

36 <p> <p> <p> <p>Hi Hi Hi Hi


38 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>

39 <?php <?php <?php <?php printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$fname""$fname""$fname""$fname" ); ); ); ); ?>?>?>?>

40 </stro </stro </stro </strong>ng>ng>ng>

41 </span> </span> </span> </span>....

42 Thank you for completing the survey.Thank you for completing the survey.Thank you for completing the survey.Thank you for completing the survey.<br /><br /><br /><br />

43

form.php

(2 of 4)

Function die terminates script execution



Outline49

44 You have been added to the You have been added to the You have been added to the You have been added to the



47 <?php <?php <?php <?php printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "$book ""$book ""$book ""$book " ); ); ); ); ?>?>?>?>



50 mailing list. mailing list. mailing list. mailing list.

51 </ </ </ </p>p>p>p>

52 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>The following information has been saved The following information has been saved The following information has been saved The following information has been saved

53 in our database:in our database:in our database:in our database:</strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br />

54

55 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "0""0""0""0" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "0""0""0""0" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "10""10""10""10">>>>

56 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>

57 <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = "#ffffaa""#ffffaa""#ffffaa""#ffffaa">>>>NNNName ame ame ame </td></td></td></td>

58 <td bgcolor =<td bgcolor =<td bgcolor =<td bgcolor = "#ffffbb""#ffffbb""#ffffbb""#ffffbb">>>>EmailEmailEmailEmail</td></td></td></td>

59 <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = "#ffffcc""#ffffcc""#ffffcc""#ffffcc">>>>PhonePhonePhonePhone</td></td></td></td>

60 <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = <td bgcolor = "#ffffdd""#ffffdd""#ffffdd""#ffffdd">>>>OSOSOSOS</td></td></td></td>

61 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

62

63 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>


65

form.php

(3 of 4)



Outline50

form.php

(4 of 4)

66 // print each form field’s value// print each form field’s value// print each form field’s value// print each form field’s value

67 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<td>$fname $lname</td>"<td>$fname $lname</td>"<td>$fname $lname</td>"<td>$fname $lname</td>

68 <td><td><td><td>$email$email$email$email</td></td></td></td>

69 <td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td>

70 <td>$os</td>"<td>$os</td>"<td>$os</td>"<td>$os</td>" ); ); ); );

71 ?>?>?>?>

72 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>


74

75 <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br /><br />

76 <div style = <div style = <div style = <div style = "font"font"font"font----size: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; text----align: center"align: center"align: center"align: center">>>>

77 This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form.

78 You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.

79 </di </di </di </div>v>v>v>




51


Fig. 26.14 Obtaining user input through forms.


52


• Private website– Only accessible to certain individuals

– Encrypt username and password data when sending, storing

and retrieving for increased security

• Implementing password checking– Login information stored in file

• fopen function

• Read, write, append modes

– Store data using fputs

• \n newline character

– Close files when done

• fclose function


53


• Implementing password checking, cont.– Trim newline character

• chop function

– Split string into substrings given a certain delimiter

• split function

– If username/password match list, allow access

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6



9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Verifying a username and a password.Verifying a username and a password.Verifying a username and a password.Verifying a username and a password.</title></title></title></title>

10

11 <style<style<style<style typetypetypetype = = = = "text/css""text/css""text/css""text/css">>>>

12 td td td td {{{{ background background background background----color: color: color: color: #DDDDDD #DDDDDD #DDDDDD #DDDDDD }}}}

13 </style></style></style></style>


15

16 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial"family: arial"family: arial"family: arial">>>>

17 <p style = <p style = <p style = <p style = "font"font"font"font----size: 13pt"size: 13pt"size: 13pt"size: 13pt">>>>

18 Type in your username and password below. Type in your username and password below. Type in your username and password below. Type in your username and password below.

19 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

20 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color: #0000FF; font"color: #0000FF; font"color: #0000FF; font"color: #0000FF; font----sizsizsizsize: 10pt;e: 10pt;e: 10pt;e: 10pt;

21 font font font font----weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold">>>>

22 Note that password will be sent as plain textNote that password will be sent as plain textNote that password will be sent as plain textNote that password will be sent as plain text


24 </p> </p> </p> </p>

25

password.html

(1 of 4)

Outline55

26 <!<!<!>>>

27 <form action = <form action = <form action = <form action = "password.php""password.php""password.php""password.php" method = method = method = method = "post""post""post""post">>>>

28 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

29

30 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "0""0""0""0" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "0""0""0""0"

31 style = style = style = style = "height: 90px; width: 123px; "height: 90px; width: 123px; "height: 90px; width: 123px; "height: 90px; width: 123px;

32 fontfontfontfont----size: 10pt" size: 10pt" size: 10pt" size: 10pt" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "0""0""0""0">>>>

33

34 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>

35 <td colspan = <td colspan = <td colspan = <td colspan = "3""3""3""3"> > > >

36 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>Username:Username:Username:Username:</strong></strong></strong></strong>

37 </td> </td> </td> </td>

38 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

39

40 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>

41 <td colspan = <td colspan = <td colspan = <td colspan = "3""3""3""3">>>>

42 <input size = <input size = <input size = <input size = "40""40""40""40" name = name = name = name = "USERNAME""USERNAME""USERNAME""USERNAME"

43 style = style = style = style = "height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px" /> /> /> />

44 </td> </td> </td> </td>

45 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

46

password.html

(2 of 4)

Form data is posted to password.php.



Outline56

47 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>


49 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>Password:Password:Password:Password:</strong></strong></strong></strong>

50 </td> </td> </td> </td>

51 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

52

53 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>


55 <input size = <input size = <input size = <input size = "40""40""40""40" name = name = name = name = "PASSWORD""PASSWORD""PASSWORD""PASSWORD"

56 style = style = style = style = "height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px""height: 22px; width: 115px"

57 type = type = type = type = "password""password""password""password" /> /> /> />

58 <br/></td> <br/></td> <br/></td> <br/></td>

59 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>

60

61 <tr> <tr> <tr> <tr>


63 <input type =<input type =<input type =<input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" name = name = name = name = "Enter""Enter""Enter""Enter"

64 value = value = value = value = "Enter" "Enter" "Enter" "Enter" style =style =style =style = "height: 23px;"height: 23px;"height: 23px;"height: 23px;

65 width: 47px" width: 47px" width: 47px" width: 47px" />/>/>/>

66 </td> </td> </td> </td>


68 <input type =<input type =<input type =<input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" name =name =name =name = "NewUser""NewUser""NewUser""NewUser"

69 value = value = value = value = "New User""New User""New User""New User"

70 style = style = style = style = "height: 23px""height: 23px""height: 23px""height: 23px" />/>/>/>

71 </td> </td> </td> </td>

password.html

(3 of 4)



Outline57

72 </tr> </tr> </tr> </tr>





password.html

(4 of 4)


58


Fig. 26.15 XHTML form for obtaining a username and password.

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6




10 extract( $_POST ); extract( $_POST ); extract( $_POST ); extract( $_POST );

11

12 // check if user has left USERNAME or PASSWORD field blank// check if user has left USERNAME or PASSWORD field blank// check if user has left USERNAME or PASSWORD field blank// check if user has left USERNAME or PASSWORD field blank

13 ifififif ( ( ( ( !$USERNAME !$USERNAME !$USERNAME !$USERNAME || !$PASSWORD|| !$PASSWORD|| !$PASSWORD|| !$PASSWORD ) { ) { ) { ) {

14 fieldsBlank(); fieldsBlank(); fieldsBlank(); fieldsBlank();

15 die(); die(); die(); die();

16 } } } }

17

18 // check if the New User button was clicked // check if the New User button was clicked // check if the New User button was clicked // check if the New User button was clicked

19 if if if if ( ( ( ( isset( $NewUser )isset( $NewUser )isset( $NewUser )isset( $NewUser ) ) { ) { ) { ) {

20

21 // open password.txt for writi// open password.txt for writi// open password.txt for writi// open password.txt for writing using append modeng using append modeng using append modeng using append mode

22 ifififif ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( "password.txt""password.txt""password.txt""password.txt",,,,

23 "a""a""a""a" ) ) ) { ) ) ) { ) ) ) { ) ) ) {

24

password.php

(1 of 7)

Variable names, when preceded by the logical

negation operator (!), return true if they are empty

or set to 0. This checks if a user has submitted a form

without specifying a username or password.

Function fieldsBlank is called if the user has

submitted an incomplete form to notify the user

that all form fields must be completed.Function isset tests whether the user has

pressed the New User button, indicating that a

new user must be added.

To add a new user, we open the file

password.txt in append mode and assign the

file handle that is returned to variable $file.



Outline60

25 // print error message and terminate script // print error message and terminate script // print error message and terminate script // print error message and terminate script

26 // execution if file cannot be opened // execution if file cannot be opened // execution if file cannot be opened // execution if file cannot be opened

27 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Error</title></head><body>"<title>Error</title></head><body>"<title>Error</title></head><body>"<title>Error</title></head><body>

28 Could not open password fileCould not open password fileCould not open password fileCould not open password file

29 </body></html>"</body></html>"</body></html>"</body></html>" ); ); ); );

30 die();die();die();die();

31 } } } }

32

33 // write username and password to file and // write username and password to file and // write username and password to file and // write username and password to file and

34 // call function userAdded // call function userAdded // call function userAdded // call function userAdded

35 fputs( $file, fputs( $file, fputs( $file, fputs( $file, "$USERNAME,$PASSWORD"$USERNAME,$PASSWORD"$USERNAME,$PASSWORD"$USERNAME,$PASSWORD\\\\n"n"n"n" ); ); ); );

36 userAdded( $USERNAME ); userAdded( $USERNAME ); userAdded( $USERNAME ); userAdded( $USERNAME );

37 }}}}

38 elseelseelseelse { { { {

39

40 // if a new user is not being added, open file // if a new user is not being added, open file // if a new user is not being added, open file // if a new user is not being added, open file

41 // for reading // for reading // for reading // for reading

42 ifififif ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( ( !( $file = fopen( "password.txt""password.txt""password.txt""password.txt",,,,

43 "r""r""r""r" ) ) ) { ) ) ) { ) ) ) { ) ) ) {

44 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Error</title></head>"<title>Error</title></head>"<title>Error</title></head>"<title>Error</title></head>

45 <body>Could not open password file<body>Could not open password file<body>Could not open password file<body>Could not open password file

46 </body></html>"</body></html>"</body></html>"</body></html>" ); ); ); );

47 die(); die(); die(); die();

48 } } } }

49

password.php

(2 of 7)Print an error message and terminate script execution

if the file cannot be opened.

Function fputs writes the name and password to the

text file..

Function userAdded is called to print a message to the

user to indicate that the username and password were

added to the file.



Outline61

50 $userVerified = $userVerified = $userVerified = $userVerified = 0000;;;;

51

52 // read each line in file and check username // read each line in file and check username // read each line in file and check username // read each line in file and check username

53 // and password // and password // and password // and password

54 while while while while ( ( ( ( !feof( $file )!feof( $file )!feof( $file )!feof( $file ) && !$userVerified ) { && !$userVerified ) { && !$userVerified ) { && !$userVerified ) {

55

56 // read line from file// read line from file// read line from file// read line from file

57 $line = $line = $line = $line = fgets( $file, fgets( $file, fgets( $file, fgets( $file, 255255255255 ) ) ) );;;;

58

59 // remove newline character from end of line // remove newline character from end of line // remove newline character from end of line // remove newline character from end of line

60 $line = $line = $line = $line = chop( $line )chop( $line )chop( $line )chop( $line );;;;

61

62 // split username and password// split username and password// split username and password// split username and password

63 $field$field$field$field = = = = split( split( split( split( ","","","",", $line, , $line, , $line, , $line, 2222 ) ) ) );;;;

64

65 // verify username// verify username// verify username// verify username

66 if if if if ( $USERNAME == $field[ ( $USERNAME == $field[ ( $USERNAME == $field[ ( $USERNAME == $field[ 0000 ] ) { ] ) { ] ) { ] ) {

67 $userVerified = $userVerified = $userVerified = $userVerified = 1111;;;;

68

69 // call function checkPassword to verify // call function checkPassword to verify // call function checkPassword to verify // call function checkPassword to verify

70 // user’s password // user’s password // user’s password // user’s password

71 if if if if ( checkPassword( $PASSWORD, $field ) ( checkPassword( $PASSWORD, $field ) ( checkPassword( $PASSWORD, $field ) ( checkPassword( $PASSWORD, $field )

72 == == == == truetruetruetrue ) ) ) )

73 accessGranted( $USERNAME );accessGranted( $USERNAME );accessGranted( $USERNAME );accessGranted( $USERNAME );

74 else else else else

75 wrowrowrowrongPassword();ngPassword();ngPassword();ngPassword();

password.php

(3 of 7)

Before entering the while loop, variable

$userVerified is set to 0.

The while loop executes as long as the there are more

lines in the file to read and variable $userVerified is

still 0 or empty.

Function fgets reads a line from the text file.

The result is assigned to variable $line.

Function chop removes the newline character

from the end of the line.Function split is called to separate the string at the

specified delimiter (in this case, a comma). The

resulting array is stored in array $field.The username entered by the user is tested

against the one returned in the text file (stored

in the first element of the array). If they match,

variable $userVerified is set to 1.

Function checkPassword is called to verify

the user’s password. Variable $PASSWORD and

array $field are passed to the function.

If function checkPassword returns true, function

accessGranted is called to notify the client that

permission has been granted. Otherwise, function

wrongPassword is called.



Outline62

76 }}}}

77 }}}}

78

79 // close text file // close text file // close text file // close text file

80 fclose( $file );fclose( $file );fclose( $file );fclose( $file );

81

82 // call function accessDenied if username has // call function accessDenied if username has // call function accessDenied if username has // call function accessDenied if username has

83 // not been verified // not been verified // not been verified // not been verified

84 ifififif ( !$userVerified ) ( !$userVerified ) ( !$userVerified ) ( !$userVerified )

85 accessDenied();accessDenied();accessDenied();accessDenied();

86 } } } }

87

88 // // // // verify user password and return a booleanverify user password and return a booleanverify user password and return a booleanverify user password and return a boolean

89 functionfunctionfunctionfunction checkPassword( $userpassword, $filedata ) checkPassword( $userpassword, $filedata ) checkPassword( $userpassword, $filedata ) checkPassword( $userpassword, $filedata )

90 { { { {

91 ifififif ( $userp ( $userp ( $userp ( $userpassword == $filedata[ assword == $filedata[ assword == $filedata[ assword == $filedata[ 1111 ] ) ] ) ] ) ] )

92 returnreturnreturnreturn truetruetruetrue;;;;

93 elseelseelseelse

94 returnreturnreturnreturn falsefalsefalsefalse;;;;

95 } } } }

96

password.php

(4 of 7)

After the while loop has executed, function

fclose is called to close the file.

If variable $userVerified has not been set to a

value other than 0, function accessDenied is

called to notify the client that access has been

denied.

Function checkPassword compares the user’s

password to the password in the file. If they match,

true is returned, whereas false is returned if they

do not.



Outline63

97 // print a message indicating the user has been added // print a message indicating the user has been added // print a message indicating the user has been added // print a message indicating the user has been added

98 function function function function userAdded( $name ) userAdded( $name ) userAdded( $name ) userAdded( $name )

99 {{{{

100 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>

101 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = \\\\"font"font"font"font----family: arial; family: arial; family: arial; family: arial;

102 font font font font----size: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: blue\\\\"> "> "> ">

103 <strong>You have been added <strong>You have been added <strong>You have been added <strong>You have been added

104 to the user list, $name. to the user list, $name. to the user list, $name. to the user list, $name.

105 <br />Enjoy the site.</strong>"<br />Enjoy the site.</strong>"<br />Enjoy the site.</strong>"<br />Enjoy the site.</strong>" ); ); ); );

106 }}}}

107

108 // print a message in // print a message in // print a message in // print a message indicating permission dicating permission dicating permission dicating permission

109 // has been granted // has been granted // has been granted // has been granted

110 function function function function accessGranted( $name ) accessGranted( $name ) accessGranted( $name ) accessGranted( $name )

111 { { { {

112 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>"<title>Thank You</title></head>

113 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = \\\\"font"font"font"font----family: arial;family: arial;family: arial;family: arial;

114 font font font font----size: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: bluesize: 1em; color: blue\\\\">">">">

115 <strong>Permission has been <strong>Permission has been <strong>Permission has been <strong>Permission has been

116 granted, $name. <br /> granted, $name. <br /> granted, $name. <br /> granted, $name. <br />

117 Enjoy the site.</strong>"Enjoy the site.</strong>"Enjoy the site.</strong>"Enjoy the site.</strong>" ); ); ); );

118 } } } }

119

password.php

(5 of 7)Function userAdded prints a message to the

client indicating that the user has been added.

Function accessGranted prints a

message to the client indicating that

permission has been granted.



Outline64

120 // print a message indicating password is invalid // print a message indicating password is invalid // print a message indicating password is invalid // print a message indicating password is invalid

121 function function function function wrongPassword() wrongPassword() wrongPassword() wrongPassword()

122 { { { {

123 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<title>Access Denied</title></head>"<title>Access Denied</title></head>"<title>Access Denied</title></head>"<title>Access Denied</title></head>


125 font font font font----size: 1em; color: redsize: 1em; color: redsize: 1em; color: redsize: 1em; color: red\\\\">">">">

126 <strong>You entered an invalid <strong>You entered an invalid <strong>You entered an invalid <strong>You entered an invalid

127 password.<br />Access has password.<br />Access has password.<br />Access has password.<br />Access has

128 been denied.</strong>"been denied.</strong>"been denied.</strong>"been denied.</strong>" ); ); ); );

129 }}}}

130

131 // print a message indicating a // print a message indicating a // print a message indicating a // print a message indicating access has been deniedccess has been deniedccess has been deniedccess has been denied

132 function function function function accessDenied() accessDenied() accessDenied() accessDenied()

133 { { { {





138 You were denied access to this server. You were denied access to this server. You were denied access to this server. You were denied access to this server.

139 <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" ););););

140 } } } }

141

password.php

(6 of 7)

Function wrongPassword prints a message to the

client indicating that the password is invalid.

Function accessDenied prints a message to the

client indicating that access has been denied.



Outline65

142 // print a message indicating that fields // print a message indicating that fields // print a message indicating that fields // print a message indicating that fields

143 // have been left blank // have been left blank // have been left blank // have been left blank

144 function function function function fieldsBlank() fieldsBlank() fieldsBlank() fieldsBlank()

145 { { { {





150 Please fill in all form fields. Please fill in all form fields. Please fill in all form fields. Please fill in all form fields.

151 <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" <br /></strong>" ););););

152 } } } }

153 ?>?>?>?>



password.php

(7 of 7)

Function fieldsBlank prints a message to the

client indicating that all form fields have not been

completed.


66


Fig. 26.16 Verifying a username and password.



Outline67

password.txt

(1 of 1)

1 account1,password1account1,password1account1,password1account1,password1











68


• Databases– Store and maintain data

– MySQL is a free database product

– PHP supports many database operations

• Access databases from Web pages

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "htt"htt"htt"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"p://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title> <title> <title> <title>Sample Database QuerySample Database QuerySample Database QuerySample Database Query</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "background"background"background"background----color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C">>>>

13 <h2 style = <h2 style = <h2 style = <h2 style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial color: blue"family: arial color: blue"family: arial color: blue"family: arial color: blue">>>>

14 Querying a MySQuerying a MySQuerying a MySQuerying a MySQL database.QL database.QL database.QL database.

15 </h2> </h2> </h2> </h2>

16

17 <form method = <form method = <form method = <form method = "post""post""post""post" action = action = action = action = "database.php""database.php""database.php""database.php">>>>

18 <p> <p> <p> <p>Select a field to display:Select a field to display:Select a field to display:Select a field to display:

19

20 <! <! <!  > > >

21 <! <! <! >>>

data.html

(1 of 2)



Outline70

22 <select name = <select name = <select name = <select name = "select""select""select""select">>>>

23 <option selected = <option selected = <option selected = <option selected = "selected""selected""selected""selected">>>>****</option></option></option></option>

24 <option><option><option><option>IDIDIDID</option></option></option></option>

25 <option><option><option><option>TitleTitleTitleTitle</option></option></option></option>

26 <option><option><option><option>CategoryCategoryCategoryCategory</option></option></option></option>

27 <option><option><option><option>ISBNISBNISBNISBN</option></option></option></option>

28 </select></select></select></select>

29 </p> </p> </p> </p>

30

31 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" value = value = value = value = "Send "Send "Send "Send Query"Query"Query"Query"

32 style = style = style = style = "background"background"background"background----color: blue; color: blue; color: blue; color: blue;

33 color: yellow; fontcolor: yellow; fontcolor: yellow; fontcolor: yellow; font----weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold" />/>/>/>




data.html

(2 of 2)

Select box containing options for a SELECT

query.


71


Fig. 26.18 Form to query a MySQL database.


72


• Interacting with databases– SQL

• Structured Query Language

• Used to manipulate databases

– Several useful functions

• mysql_connect

• mysql_select_db

• mysql_query

• mysql_error

• mysql_fetch_row

• mysql_close

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6 <!<!<!>>>

7



10 <title> <title> <title> <title>Search ResultsSearch ResultsSearch ResultsSearch Results</title></title></title></title>


12

13 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif"serif"serif"serif"

14 style = style = style = style = "backgroun"backgroun"backgroun"backgroundddd----color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C">>>>


16


18

19 // build SELECT query // build SELECT query // build SELECT query // build SELECT query

20 $query = $query = $query = $query = "SELECT ""SELECT ""SELECT ""SELECT " . $select . . $select . . $select . . $select . " FROM Books"" FROM Books"" FROM Books"" FROM Books";;;;

21

22 // Connect to MySQL // Connect to MySQL // Connect to MySQL // Connect to MySQL

23 ifififif ( !( $databas ( !( $databas ( !( $databas ( !( $database = e = e = e = mysql_connectmysql_connectmysql_connectmysql_connect( ( ( ( "localhost""localhost""localhost""localhost",,,,

24 "httpd""httpd""httpd""httpd", , , , """""""" ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

25 diediediedie( ( ( ( "Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database" ); ); ); );

database.php

(1 of 3)

Build the select query and assign the

string to variable $query.

Function mysql_connect returns a database

handle which represents PHP’s connection to a

database. If this connection is not made, function

die is called to terminate script execution.



Outline74

26

27 // open Products database // open Products database // open Products database // open Products database

28 if if if if ( ( ( ( !!!!mysql_select_dbmysql_select_dbmysql_select_dbmysql_select_db( ( ( ( "Products""Products""Products""Products", $database ), $database ), $database ), $database ) ) ) ) )

29 diediediedie( ( ( ( "Could not open Products database""Could not open Products database""Could not open Products database""Could not open Products database" ); ); ); );

30

31 // query Products database // query Products database // query Products database // query Products database

32 ifififif ( ( ( ( !( $resul!( $resul!( $resul!( $result = t = t = t = mysql_querymysql_querymysql_querymysql_query( $query, $database ) )( $query, $database ) )( $query, $database ) )( $query, $database ) ) ) { ) { ) { ) {

33 print print print print( ( ( ( "Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />" ); ); ); );

34 diediediedie( ( ( ( mysql_errormysql_errormysql_errormysql_error() );() );() );() );

35 } } } }

36 ?>?>?>?>

37

38 <h3 style = <h3 style = <h3 style = <h3 style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>

39 Search ResultsSearch ResultsSearch ResultsSearch Results</h3></h3></h3></h3>

40

41 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "1""1""1""1" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "3""3""3""3" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "2""2""2""2"

42 style =style =style =style = "background"background"background"background----color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6">>>>

43


45

46 // fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set

47 for for for for ( $counter = ( $counter = ( $counter = ( $counter = 0000; ; ; ;

48 $row = $row = $row = $row = mysql_fetch_rowmysql_fetch_rowmysql_fetch_rowmysql_fetch_row( $result );( $result );( $result );( $result );

49 $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){

50

database.php

(2 of 3)

Function mysql_select_db is called to specify the

database to be queried.

Function mysql_query returns an object

containing the result set of the query, which

we assign to variable $result.

The for loop iterates through each

record in the result set while

constructing an XHTML table from

the results. Variable $counter is

incremented by one for each row

retrieved. Function mysql_fetch_row returns an

array containing the elements of each

row in the result set of our query

($result).



Outline75

51 // build table to display results// build table to display results// build table to display results// build table to display results

52 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<tr>""<tr>""<tr>""<tr>" ); ); ); );

53

54 foreach foreach foreach foreach ( $row ( $row ( $row ( $row asasasas $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value )

55 print print print print( ( ( ( "<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>" ); ); ); );

56

57 print print print print( ( ( ( "</tr>""</tr>""</tr>""</tr>" ); ); ); );

58 } } } }

59

60 mysql_closemysql_closemysql_closemysql_close( $database );( $database );( $database );( $database );

61 ?>?>?>?>

62


64

65 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Your search yielded Your search yielded Your search yielded Your search yielded <strong><strong><strong><strong>

66 <?php<?php<?php<?php print print print print( ( ( ( "$counter""$counter""$counter""$counter" ) ) ) ) ?> ?> ?> ?> results.results.results.results.<br /><br /></strong><br /><br /></strong><br /><br /></strong><br /><br /></strong>

67

68 <h5> <h5> <h5> <h5>Please email comments toPlease email comments toPlease email comments toPlease email comments to

69 <a href = <a href = <a href = <a href = "mailto:[email protected]""mailto:[email protected]""mailto:[email protected]""mailto:[email protected]">>>>

70 Deitel and Associates, Inc.Deitel and Associates, Inc.Deitel and Associates, Inc.Deitel and Associates, Inc.

71 </a> </a> </a> </a>

72 </h5> </h5> </h5> </h5>

73



database.php

(3 of 3)

The foreach loop iterates through the

array containing the elements of each row

and prints out each element in an

individual table cell.The total number of results are printed to the

client.


76


Fig. 26.19 Querying a database and displaying the results.


77

26.8 Cookies

• Cookies– Store information on client computer

– Track preferences and other information

– Stored as text files on hard drive

– Never store sensitive information, such as credit card

numbers, in a cookie

• Security risk

• Cookies and PHP– setcookie function

• Name

• Value

• Expiration date

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = <html xmlns = "http:"http:"http:"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>Writing a cookie to the client computerWriting a cookie to the client computerWriting a cookie to the client computerWriting a cookie to the client computer</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif; serif; serif; serif;

13 backgroundbackgroundbackgroundbackground----color: #99CCFF"color: #99CCFF"color: #99CCFF"color: #99CCFF">>>>

14

15 <h2> <h2> <h2> <h2>Click Write Cookie to save your cookie data.Click Write Cookie to save your cookie data.Click Write Cookie to save your cookie data.Click Write Cookie to save your cookie data.</h2></h2></h2></h2>

16

cookies.html

(1 of 2)



Outline79

17 <form method = <form method = <form method = <form method = "post""post""post""post" action = action = action = action = "cookies.php""cookies.php""cookies.php""cookies.php"

18 style =style =style =style = "font"font"font"font----size: 10pt"size: 10pt"size: 10pt"size: 10pt">>>>

19 <strong><strong><strong><strong>Name:Name:Name:Name:</strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br />

20 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "NAME""NAME""NAME""NAME" /> /> /> /><br /><br /><br /><br />

21

22 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>Height:Height:Height:Height:</s</s</s</strong><br />trong><br />trong><br />trong><br />

23 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "HEIGHT""HEIGHT""HEIGHT""HEIGHT" /> /> /> /><br /><br /><br /><br />

24

25 <strong> <strong> <strong> <strong>Favorite Color:Favorite Color:Favorite Color:Favorite Color:</strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br /></strong><br />

26 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "text""text""text""text" name = name = name = name = "COLOR""COLOR""COLOR""COLOR" /> /> /> /><br /><br /><br /><br />

27

28 <input type = <input type = <input type = <input type = "submit""submit""submit""submit" value = value = value = value = "Write C"Write C"Write C"Write Cookie" ookie" ookie" ookie"

29 stylestylestylestyle = = = = "background"background"background"background----color: #F0E86C; color: navy;color: #F0E86C; color: navy;color: #F0E86C; color: navy;color: #F0E86C; color: navy;

30 fontfontfontfont----weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold"weight: bold" /></p> /></p> /></p> /></p>




cookies.html

(2 of 2)

Form data is posted to cookies.php.


80

26.8 Cookies

Fig. 26.20 Gathering data to be written as a cookie.



Outline811 <?php <?php <?php <?php

2 // Fig. 26.21: cookies.php// Fig. 26.21: cookies.php// Fig. 26.21: cookies.php// Fig. 26.21: cookies.php

3 // Program to write a cookie to a client's machine// Program to write a cookie to a client's machine// Program to write a cookie to a client's machine// Program to write a cookie to a client's machine

4


6 // write each form field’s value to a cookie and set the // write each form field’s value to a cookie and set the // write each form field’s value to a cookie and set the // write each form field’s value to a cookie and set the

7 // cookie’s expiration date // cookie’s expiration date // cookie’s expiration date // cookie’s expiration date

8 setcookiesetcookiesetcookiesetcookie( ( ( ( "Name""Name""Name""Name", $NAME, time() + , $NAME, time() + , $NAME, time() + , $NAME, time() + 60606060 * * * * 60606060 * * * * 24242424 * * * * 5555 ); ); ); );

9 setcookiesetcookiesetcookiesetcookie( ( ( ( "Height""Height""Height""Height", $HEIGHT, time() + , $HEIGHT, time() + , $HEIGHT, time() + , $HEIGHT, time() + 60606060 * * * * 60606060 * * * * 24242424 * * * * 5555 ); ); ); );

10 setcookiesetcookiesetcookiesetcookie( ( ( ( "Color""Color""Color""Color", $COLOR, time() + , $COLOR, time() + , $COLOR, time() + , $COLOR, time() + 60606060 * * * * 60606060 * * * * 24242424 * * * * 5555 ); ); ); );

11 ?>?>?>?>

12

13 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1//W3C//DTD XHTML 1//W3C//DTD XHTML 1//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN".0 Transitional//EN".0 Transitional//EN".0 Transitional//EN"


15



18 <title> <title> <title> <title>Cookie SavedCookie SavedCookie SavedCookie Saved</title></title></title></title>


20

21 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif"serif"serif"serif">>>>

22 <p> <p> <p> <p>The cookie has been set with the following data:The cookie has been set with the following data:The cookie has been set with the following data:The cookie has been set with the following data:</p></p></p></p>

23

cookies.php

(1 of 2)

Function setcookie takes the name of the

cookie to be set as the first argument,

followed by the value to be stored in the

cookie. The optional third argument specifies

the expiration date of the cookie.

Outline82

24 <!<!<!>>>

25 <br /><span style = <br /><span style = <br /><span style = <br /><span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>Name:Name:Name:Name:</span> </span> </span> </span>

26 <?php<?php<?php<?php printprintprintprint( $NAME ) ( $NAME ) ( $NAME ) ( $NAME ) ?>?>?>?><br /><br /><br /><br />

27

28 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>Height:Height:Height:Height:</span> </span> </span> </span>

29 <?php<?php<?php<?php print print print print( ( ( ( $HEI$HEI$HEI$HEIGHT ) GHT ) GHT ) GHT ) ?>?>?>?><br /><br /><br /><br />

30

31 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>Favorite Color:Favorite Color:Favorite Color:Favorite Color:</span></span></span></span>

32

33 <span style = <span style = <span style = <span style = "color:"color:"color:"color: <?php<?php<?php<?php print print print print( ( ( ( "$COLOR"$COLOR"$COLOR"$COLOR\\\\">$COLOR"">$COLOR"">$COLOR"">$COLOR" ) ) ) ) ?>?>?>?>

34 </span><br /> </span><br /> </span><br /> </span><br />

35 <p> <p> <p> <p>Click Click Click Click <a href = <a href = <a href = <a href = "readCookies.php""readCookies.php""readCookies.php""readCookies.php">>>>herehereherehere</a</a</a</a>>>>

36 to read the saved cookie. to read the saved cookie. to read the saved cookie. to read the saved cookie.</p></p></p></p>



cookies.php

(2 of 2)

Each form field’s value is printed to

confirm the data that has been set as a

cookie with the user.

Hyperlink to readCookies.php.


83

26.8 Cookies

Fig. 26.21 Writing a cookie to the client.


84

26.8 Cookies

• Reading cookies– $_COOKIE environment variable

• Array

– foreach loop to access each element

• Split into key and value


85

26.8 Cookies

• Cookie storage– Internet Explorer

• Stores cookies in Cookies directory

• Text file


86

26.8 Cookies

Fig. 26.22 Cookies directory before a cookie is written.

Fig. 26.23 Cookies directory after a cookie is written.

3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6


8 <head><title> <head><title> <head><title> <head><title>Read CookiesRead CookiesRead CookiesRead Cookies</title></head></title></head></title></head></title></head>

9

10 <body style = <body style = <body style = <body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif"serif"serif"serif">>>>

11

12 <p> <p> <p> <p>


14 The following data is saved in a cookie on your The following data is saved in a cookie on your The following data is saved in a cookie on your The following data is saved in a cookie on your

15 computer.computer.computer.computer.


17 </p> </p> </p> </p>

18

readCookies.php

(1 of 2)



Outline88

19 <table border = <table border = <table border = <table border = "5""5""5""5" cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = cellspacing = "0""0""0""0" cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = cellpadding = "10""10""10""10">>>>


21

22 // iterate through array $_COOKIE and print // iterate through array $_COOKIE and print // iterate through array $_COOKIE and print // iterate through array $_COOKIE and print

23 // name and value of each cookie // name and value of each cookie // name and value of each cookie // name and value of each cookie

24 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $_COOKIE ( $_COOKIE ( $_COOKIE ( $_COOKIE asasasas $key = $key = $key = $key => $value )> $value )> $value )> $value )

25 print print print print( ( ( ( "<tr> "<tr> "<tr> "<tr>

26 <td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=\\\\"#F0E68C"#F0E68C"#F0E68C"#F0E68C\\\\">$key</td>">$key</td>">$key</td>">$key</td>

27 <td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=<td bgcolor=\\\\"#FFA500"#FFA500"#FFA500"#FFA500\\\\">$value</td>">$value</td>">$value</td>">$value</td>

28 </tr>"</tr>"</tr>"</tr>" ); ); ); );

29 ?>?>?>?>

30

31 </table </table </table </table>>>>



readCookies.php

(2 of 2)

PHP creates array $_COOKIE which contains

all cookie values indexed by their names.

The foreach loop iterates through the $_COOKIE

array and prints the name and value of each cookie

in an XHTML table.


89

26.8 Cookies

Fig. 26.24 Displaying the cookie’s content.


90

26.9 Dynamic Content in PHP

• Dynamically alter XHTML content– Form’s action property set to same page that contains it

– Perform different actions when page is loaded and form is

submitted

• isset variable

– Check for errors

• Write different XHTML when errors encountered

– $$variable syntax

• References variable whose name equals the value of $variable

– If input is valid, make MySQL database calls

Outline911 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"


3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6

7 <html xmlns =<html xmlns =<html xmlns =<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


9 <title><title><title><title>Sample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTMLSample form to take user input in XHTML</title></title></title></title>


11

12 <body><body><body><body>


14 extract ( $_POST ); extract ( $_POST ); extract ( $_POST ); extract ( $_POST );

15 $iserror = $iserror = $iserror = $iserror = falsefalsefalsefalse;;;;

16

17 // array of book titles// array of book titles// array of book titles// array of book titles

18 $booklist = $booklist = $booklist = $booklist = arrayarrayarrayarray( ( ( ( "Internet and WWW How to Program 3e""Internet and WWW How to Program 3e""Internet and WWW How to Program 3e""Internet and WWW How to Program 3e",,,,

19 "C++ How to Program 4e""C++ How to Program 4e""C++ How to Program 4e""C++ How to Program 4e",,,,

20 "Java How to Program 5e""Java How to Program 5e""Java How to Program 5e""Java How to Program 5e",,,,

21 "XML How to Program 1e""XML How to Program 1e""XML How to Program 1e""XML How to Program 1e" ); ); ); );

22

dynamicForm.php

(1 of 9)

Build array of options for the form.



Outline92

23 // array of possible operating systems// array of possible operating systems// array of possible operating systems// array of possible operating systems

24 $systemlist = $systemlist = $systemlist = $systemlist = arrayarrayarrayarray( ( ( ( "Windows XP""Windows XP""Windows XP""Windows XP",,,,

25 "Windows 2000""Windows 2000""Windows 2000""Windows 2000",,,,

26 "Windows 98""Windows 98""Windows 98""Windows 98",,,,

27 "Linux""Linux""Linux""Linux",,,,

28 "Other""Other""Other""Other"););););

29

30 // array of name and alt values// array of name and alt values// array of name and alt values// array of name and alt values for the text input fields for the text input fields for the text input fields for the text input fields

31 $inputlist = $inputlist = $inputlist = $inputlist = arrayarrayarrayarray( ( ( ( "fname""fname""fname""fname" => => => => "First Name""First Name""First Name""First Name",,,,

32 "lname""lname""lname""lname" => => => => "Last Name""Last Name""Last Name""Last Name",,,,

33 "email""email""email""email" => => => => "Email""Email""Email""Email",,,,

34 "phone""phone""phone""phone" => => => => "Phone""Phone""Phone""Phone" ); ); ); );

35

36 ifififif ( isset ( $submit ) ) { ( isset ( $submit ) ) { ( isset ( $submit ) ) { ( isset ( $submit ) ) {

37 ifififif ( $fname == ( $fname == ( $fname == ( $fname == """""""" ) { ) { ) { ) {

38 $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ "fnameerror""fnameerror""fnameerror""fnameerror" ] = ] = ] = ] = truetruetruetrue;;;;

39 $iserror = $iserror = $iserror = $iserror = truetruetruetrue;;;;

40 } } } }

41

42 ifififif ( $lname == ( $lname == ( $lname == ( $lname == """""""" ) { ) { ) { ) {

43 $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ "l"l"l"lnameerror"nameerror"nameerror"nameerror" ] = ] = ] = ] = truetruetruetrue;;;;


45 } } } }

46

dynamicForm.php

(2 of 9)

Check for errors or omissions in form field

input.

If the page is being loaded as a result of a form

submission, do error checking and then retrieve

information from the database.



Outline93

47 ifififif ( $email == ( $email == ( $email == ( $email == """""""" ) { ) { ) { ) {

48 $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ "emailerror""emailerror""emailerror""emailerror" ] = ] = ] = ] = truetruetruetrue;;;;


50 } } } }

51

52 ifififif ( !ereg( ( !ereg( ( !ereg( ( !ereg( "^"^"^"^\\\$[0([0([0([0----9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}\\\$[0)[0)[0)[0----9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}9]{3}----[0[0[0[0----9]{4}$"9]{4}$"9]{4}$"9]{4}$", $phone ) ) {, $phone ) ) {, $phone ) ) {, $phone ) ) {

53 $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ $formerrors[ """"phoneerror"phoneerror"phoneerror"phoneerror" ] = ] = ] = ] = truetruetruetrue;;;;


55 } } } }

56

57 ifififif ( !$iserror ) { ( !$iserror ) { ( !$iserror ) { ( !$iserror ) {

58

59 // build INSERT query// build INSERT query// build INSERT query// build INSERT query

60 $query = $query = $query = $query = "INSERT INTO contacts ""INSERT INTO contacts ""INSERT INTO contacts ""INSERT INTO contacts " . . . .

61 "( LastName, FirstNa"( LastName, FirstNa"( LastName, FirstNa"( LastName, FirstName, Email, Phone, Book, OS ) "me, Email, Phone, Book, OS ) "me, Email, Phone, Book, OS ) "me, Email, Phone, Book, OS ) " . . . .

62 "VALUES ( '$lname', '$fname', '$email', ""VALUES ( '$lname', '$fname', '$email', ""VALUES ( '$lname', '$fname', '$email', ""VALUES ( '$lname', '$fname', '$email', " . . . .

63 "'""'""'""'" . quotemeta( $phone ) . . quotemeta( $phone ) . . quotemeta( $phone ) . . quotemeta( $phone ) . "', '$book', '$os' )""', '$book', '$os' )""', '$book', '$os' )""', '$book', '$os' )";;;;

64

65 // Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL

66 ifififif ( !( $database = my ( !( $database = my ( !( $database = my ( !( $database = mysql_connect( sql_connect( sql_connect( sql_connect( "localhost""localhost""localhost""localhost", , , ,


68 die( "Could not connect to database" ); die( "Could not connect to database" ); die( "Could not connect to database" ); die( "Could not connect to database" );

69

70 // open MailingList database// open MailingList database// open MailingList database// open MailingList database

71 ifififif ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( "MailingList""MailingList""MailingList""MailingList", $database ) ), $database ) ), $database ) ), $database ) )

72 die( die( die( die( "Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database" ); ); ); );

dynamicForm.php

(3 of 9)

If there were no errors, query the MySQL

database.



Outline94

73

74 // execute query in MailingList database// execute query in MailingList database// execute query in MailingList database// execute query in MailingList database

75 ifififif ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) {

76 print( print( print( print( "Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />" ); ); ); );

77 die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() );

78 } } } }

79

80 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<p>Hi"<p>Hi"<p>Hi"<p>Hi

81 <span style = 'color: blue'><span style = 'color: blue'><span style = 'color: blue'><span style = 'color: blue'>

82 <strong>$fname</strong></span>.<strong>$fname</strong></span>.<strong>$fname</strong></span>.<strong>$fname</strong></span>.

83 Thank you for completing the survey.<br />Thank you for completing the survey.<br />Thank you for completing the survey.<br />Thank you for completing the survey.<br />

84

85 You have You have You have You have been added to thebeen added to thebeen added to thebeen added to the


87 <strong>$book</strong></span><strong>$book</strong></span><strong>$book</strong></span><strong>$book</strong></span>

88 mailing list.mailing list.mailing list.mailing list.

89 </p></p></p></p>

90 <strong>The following information has been saved<strong>The following information has been saved<strong>The following information has been saved<strong>The following information has been saved

91 in our database:</strong><br />in our database:</strong><br />in our database:</strong><br />in our database:</strong><br />

92

93 <table border = '0' cellpadding = '0' cellspacing = '10'><table border = '0' cellpadding = '0' cellspacing = '10'><table border = '0' cellpadding = '0' cellspacing = '10'><table border = '0' cellpadding = '0' cellspacing = '10'>

94 <tr><tr><tr><tr>

95 <td bgcolor = '#ffffaa'>Name</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffaa'>Name</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffaa'>Name</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffaa'>Name</td>

96 <td bgcolor = '#fff<td bgcolor = '#fff<td bgcolor = '#fff<td bgcolor = '#ffffbb'>Email</td>fbb'>Email</td>fbb'>Email</td>fbb'>Email</td>

97 <td bgcolor = '#ffffcc'>Phone</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffcc'>Phone</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffcc'>Phone</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffcc'>Phone</td>

dynamicForm.php

(4 of 9)

Outline95

98 <td bgcolor = '#ffffdd'>OS</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffdd'>OS</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffdd'>OS</td><td bgcolor = '#ffffdd'>OS</td>

99 </tr></tr></tr></tr>

100 <tr><tr><tr><tr>

101

102 <!<!<!>>>

103 <td>$fname $lname</td><td>$fname $lname</td><td>$fname $lname</td><td>$fname $lname</td>

104 <td>$email</td><td>$email</td><td>$email</td><td>$email</td>

105 <td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td><td>$phone</td>

106 <td>$os</td><td>$os</td><td>$os</td><td>$os</td>

107 </tr></table></tr></table></tr></table></tr></table>

108

109 <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

110 <div style = 'font<div style = 'font<div style = 'font<div style = 'font----size: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; textsize: 10pt; text----align: center'>align: center'>align: center'>align: center'>

111 <div style =<div style =<div style =<div style = 'font 'font 'font 'font----size : 18pt'>size : 18pt'>size : 18pt'>size : 18pt'>

112 <a href = 'formDatabase.php'><a href = 'formDatabase.php'><a href = 'formDatabase.php'><a href = 'formDatabase.php'>

113 Click here to view entire database.</a></div>Click here to view entire database.</a></div>Click here to view entire database.</a></div>Click here to view entire database.</a></div>

114 This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form. This is only a sample form.

115 You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.You have not been added to a mailing list.

116 </div></body></html>"</div></body></html>"</div></body></html>"</div></body></html>" ); ); ); );

117 die(); die(); die(); die();

118 } } } }

119 } } } }

120

121 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<h1>This is a sample registration form.</h1>"<h1>This is a sample registration form.</h1>"<h1>This is a sample registration form.</h1>"<h1>This is a sample registration form.</h1>

122 Please fill in all fields and click Register."Please fill in all fields and click Register."Please fill in all fields and click Register."Please fill in all fields and click Register." ); ); ); );

dynamicForm.php

(5 of 9)

Halt the script so the form-generation code

does not execute.

Outline96

123

124 ifififif ( $iserror ) { ( $iserror ) { ( $iserror ) { ( $iserror ) {

125 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br /><span style = 'color : red'>"<br /><span style = 'color : red'>"<br /><span style = 'color : red'>"<br /><span style = 'color : red'>

126 Fields with * need to be filled in properly.</span>"Fields with * need to be filled in properly.</span>"Fields with * need to be filled in properly.</span>"Fields with * need to be filled in properly.</span>" ); ); ); );

127 } } } }

128

129 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<!"<!"<!">>>

130 <form method = 'post' action = 'dynamicform.php'><form method = 'post' action = 'dynamicform.php'><form method = 'post' action = 'dynamicform.php'><form method = 'post' action = 'dynamicform.php'>

131 <img src = 'images/user.gif' alt = 'User' /><br /><img src = 'images/user.gif' alt = 'User' /><br /><img src = 'images/user.gif' alt = 'User' /><br /><img src = 'images/user.gif' alt = 'User' /><br />


133 Please fill outPlease fill outPlease fill outPlease fill out the fields below.<br /> the fields below.<br /> the fields below.<br /> the fields below.<br />

134 </span></span></span></span>

135

136 <!<!<!">">">" ); ); ); );

137 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $inputlist ( $inputlist ( $inputlist ( $inputlist asasasas $inputname => $inputalt ) { $inputname => $inputalt ) { $inputname => $inputalt ) { $inputname => $inputalt ) {

138 $inputtext = $inputvalues[ $inputname ]; $inputtext = $inputvalues[ $inputname ]; $inputtext = $inputvalues[ $inputname ]; $inputtext = $inputvalues[ $inputname ];

139

140 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<img src = 'images/$inputname.gif'"<img src = 'images/$inputname.gif'"<img src = 'images/$inputname.gif'"<img src = 'images/$inputname.gif'

141 alt = '$inputalt' /><input type = 'text'alt = '$inputalt' /><input type = 'text'alt = '$inputalt' /><input type = 'text'alt = '$inputalt' /><input type = 'text'

142 name = '$inputname' value = '"name = '$inputname' value = '"name = '$inputname' value = '"name = '$inputname' value = '" . $$inputname . . $$inputname . . $$inputname . . $$inputname . "' />""' />""' />""' />" ); ); ); );

143

144 ifififif ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $inputname ). ( $inputname ). ( $inputname ). ( $inputname )."error""error""error""error" ] == ] == ] == ] == truetruetruetrue ) ) ) )

145 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<span style = 'color : red'>*</span>""<span style = 'color : red'>*</span>""<span style = 'color : red'>*</span>""<span style = 'color : red'>*</span>" ); ); ); );

146

147 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br />""<br />""<br />""<br />" ); ); ); );

148 } } } }

dynamicForm.php

(6 of 9)

If the form input contained errors, place a red

asterisk (*) next to the text field.

Fill in the forms using $$variable syntax.

Outline97

149

150 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<span style = 'font"<span style = 'font"<span style = 'font"<span style = 'font----size : 10pt"size : 10pt"size : 10pt"size : 10pt" ); ); ); );

151

152 ifififif ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ ( $formerrors[ "phoneerror""phoneerror""phoneerror""phoneerror" ] ) ] ) ] ) ] )

153 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "; color : red""; color : red""; color : red""; color : red" ); ); ); );

154

155 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "'>Must be in the form (555)555"'>Must be in the form (555)555"'>Must be in the form (555)555"'>Must be in the form (555)555----5555555555555555

156 </span><br /><b</span><br /><b</span><br /><b</span><br /><br />r />r />r />

157

158 <img src = 'images/downloads.gif'<img src = 'images/downloads.gif'<img src = 'images/downloads.gif'<img src = 'images/downloads.gif'

159 alt = 'Publications' /><br />alt = 'Publications' /><br />alt = 'Publications' /><br />alt = 'Publications' /><br />

160


162 Which book would you like information about?Which book would you like information about?Which book would you like information about?Which book would you like information about?

163 </span><br /></span><br /></span><br /></span><br />

164

165 <!<!<!>>>

166 <select name = 'book'>"<select name = 'book'>"<select name = 'book'>"<select name = 'book'>" ); ); ); );

167

168 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $booklist ( $booklist ( $booklist ( $booklist asasasas $currbook ) { $currbook ) { $currbook ) { $currbook ) {

169 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<option""<option""<option""<option" ); ); ); );

170

171 ifififif ( ( $currbook == $book ) ) ( ( $currbook == $book ) ) ( ( $currbook == $book ) ) ( ( $currbook == $book ) )

172 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( " selected = 'true'"" selected = 'true'"" selected = 'true'"" selected = 'true'" ); ); ); );

173

dynamicForm.php

(7 of 9)

Make sure the correct book is selected in the

dropdown box.

Outline98

174 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( ">$currbook</option>"">$currbook</option>"">$currbook</option>"">$currbook</option>" ); ); ); );

175 } } } }

176

177 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "</select><br /><br />"</select><br /><br />"</select><br /><br />"</select><br /><br />

178 <img src = 'images/os.gif' alt = 'Operating System' /><img src = 'images/os.gif' alt = 'Operating System' /><img src = 'images/os.gif' alt = 'Operating System' /><img src = 'images/os.gif' alt = 'Operating System' />

179 <br /><span style = 'color: blue'><br /><span style = 'color: blue'><br /><span style = 'color: blue'><br /><span style = 'color: blue'>

180 Which operating system are you currently using?Which operating system are you currently using?Which operating system are you currently using?Which operating system are you currently using?

181 <br /></span><br /></span><br /></span><br /></span>

182

183 <!<!<!">">">" ); ); ); );

184

185 $counter = $counter = $counter = $counter = 0000;;;;

186

187 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $systemlist ( $systemlist ( $systemlist ( $systemlist asasasas $currsystem ) { $currsystem ) { $currsystem ) { $currsystem ) {

188 prinprinprinprintttt( ( ( ( "<input type = 'radio' name = 'os'"<input type = 'radio' name = 'os'"<input type = 'radio' name = 'os'"<input type = 'radio' name = 'os'

189 value = '$currsystem'"value = '$currsystem'"value = '$currsystem'"value = '$currsystem'" ); ); ); );

190

191 ifififif ( $currsystem == $os ) ( $currsystem == $os ) ( $currsystem == $os ) ( $currsystem == $os ) printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'" ); ); ); );

192 ifififif ( $iserror && $counter == ( $iserror && $counter == ( $iserror && $counter == ( $iserror && $counter == 0000 ) ) ) ) printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'""checked = 'checked'" ); ); ); );

193

194 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( " />$currsystem"" />$currsystem"" />$currsystem"" />$currsystem" ); ); ); );

195

196 ifififif ( $counter == ( $counter == ( $counter == ( $counter == 2222 ) ) ) ) printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<br />""<br />""<br />""<br />" ); ); ); );

197 $counter++; $counter++; $counter++; $counter++;

198 } } } }

199

dynamicForm.php

(8 of 9)

Make sure the correct OS is checked in the

checkbox.

Outline99

200 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<!"<!"<!">>>

201 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

202 <input type = 'submit' name = 'submit' value = 'Register' /><input type = 'submit' name = 'submit' value = 'Register' /><input type = 'submit' name = 'submit' value = 'Register' /><input type = 'submit' name = 'submit' value = 'Register' />

203 </form></body></html>"</form></body></html>"</form></body></html>"</form></body></html>" ); ); ); );

204 ?>?>?>?>

dynamicForm.php

(9 of 9)


100


Fig. 26.25 Dynamic form using PHP.


101


Fig. 26.25 Dynamic form using PHP.

Outline1021 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC """"----//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"


3

4 <!<!<!>>>

5 <!<!<!>>>

6 <!<!<!>>>

7

8 <html xmlns =<html xmlns =<html xmlns =<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml""http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">>>>


10 <title><title><title><title>Search ResultsSearch ResultsSearch ResultsSearch Results</title></title></title></title>


12

13 <body style =<body style =<body style =<body style = "font"font"font"font----family: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sansfamily: arial, sans----serif"serif"serif"serif"

14 style =style =style =style = "backg"backg"backg"backgroundroundroundround----color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C"color: #F0E68C">>>>


16


18

19 // build SELECT query// build SELECT query// build SELECT query// build SELECT query

20 $query = $query = $query = $query = "SELECT * FROM contacts""SELECT * FROM contacts""SELECT * FROM contacts""SELECT * FROM contacts";;;;

21

22 // Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL// Connect to MySQL

23 ifififif ( !( $databa ( !( $databa ( !( $databa ( !( $database = mysql_connect( se = mysql_connect( se = mysql_connect( se = mysql_connect( "localhost""localhost""localhost""localhost", , , ,


25 die( die( die( die( "Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database""Could not connect to database" ); ); ); );

formDatabase.php

(1 of 3)

Build the query string.



Outline103

26

27 // open MailingList database// open MailingList database// open MailingList database// open MailingList database

28 ifififif ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( ( !mysql_select_db( "MailingList""MailingList""MailingList""MailingList", $database ) ), $database ) ), $database ) ), $database ) )

29 die( die( die( die( "Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database""Could not open MailingList database" ); ); ); );

30

31 // query MailingList database// query MailingList database// query MailingList database// query MailingList database

32 ifififif ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) { ( !( $result = mysql_query( $query, $database ) ) ) {

33 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />""Could not execute query! <br />" ); ); ); );

34 die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() ); die( mysql_error() );

35 } } } }

36 ?>?>?>?>

37

38 <h3 style =<h3 style =<h3 style =<h3 style = "color: blue""color: blue""color: blue""color: blue">>>>

39 Mailing Mailing Mailing Mailing List ContactsList ContactsList ContactsList Contacts</h3></h3></h3></h3>

40

41 <table border =<table border =<table border =<table border = "1""1""1""1" cellpadding =cellpadding =cellpadding =cellpadding = "3""3""3""3" cellspacing =cellspacing =cellspacing =cellspacing = "2""2""2""2"

42 style =style =style =style = "background"background"background"background----color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6"color: #ADD8E6">>>>

43

44 <tr><tr><tr><tr>

45 <td><td><td><td>IDIDIDID</td></td></td></td>

46 <td><td><td><td>Last NameLast NameLast NameLast Name</td></td></td></td>

47 <td><td><td><td>First NameFirst NameFirst NameFirst Name</td></td></td></td>

48 <td><td><td><td>EEEE----mail Addressmail Addressmail Addressmail Address</td></td></td></td>

49 <td><td><td><td>Phone NumberPhone NumberPhone NumberPhone Number</td></td></td></td>

50 <td><td><td><td>BookBookBookBook</td></td></td></td>

formDatabase.php

(2 of 3)



Outline104

51 <td><td><td><td>Operating SystemOperating SystemOperating SystemOperating System</td></td></td></td>

52 </tr></tr></tr></tr>


54

55 // fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set// fetch each record in result set

56 forforforfor ( $counter = ( $counter = ( $counter = ( $counter = 0000; ; ; ;

57 $row = mysql_fetch_row( $result ); $row = mysql_fetch_row( $result ); $row = mysql_fetch_row( $result ); $row = mysql_fetch_row( $result );

58 $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){ $counter++ ){

59

60 // build table to display results// build table to display results// build table to display results// build table to display results

61 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<tr>""<tr>""<tr>""<tr>" ); ); ); );

62

63 foreachforeachforeachforeach ( $row ( $row ( $row ( $row asasasas $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value ) $key => $value )

64 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>""<td>$value</td>" ); ); ); );

65

66 printprintprintprint( ( ( ( "</tr>""</tr>""</tr>""</tr>" ); ); ); );

67 } } } }

68

69 mysql_close( $database ); mysql_close( $database ); mysql_close( $database ); mysql_close( $database );

70 ?>?>?>?>

71

72 </table></table></table></table>

73

74 </body></body></body></body>


formDatabase.php

(3 of 3)

Dynamically create a table

containing each mailing list

member.

Retrieve each mailing list

member record from the

database.


105


Fig. 26.26 Displaying the MailingList database.


106

26.10 Operator PrecedenceOperator Type Associativity new constructor none

[] subscript right to left

~ ! ++ -- - @

bitwise not not increment decrement unary negative error control

right to left

* / %

multiplication division modulus

left to right

+ - .

addition subtraction concatenation

left to right

<< >>

bitwise shift left bitwise shift right

left to right

< > <= >=

less than greater than less than or equal greater than or equal

none

== != === !==

equal not equal identical not identical

none

Fig. 26.27 PHP operator precedence and associativity.


107

26.10 Operator PrecedenceOperator Type Associativity & bitwise AND left to right

^ bitwise XOR left to right

| bitwise OR left to right

&& logical AND left to right

|| logical OR left to right

= += -= *= /= &= |= ^= .= <<= >>=

assignment addition assignment subtraction assignment multiplication assignment division assignment bitwise AND assignment bitwise OR assignment bitwise exclusive OR assignment concatenation assignment bitwise shift left assignment bitwise shift right assignment

left to right

and logical AND left to right

xor exclusive OR left to right

or logical OR left to right

, list left to right

Fig. 26.27 PHP operator precedence and associativity.

1 chapter 26 - phpcis.csuohio.edu/~sschung/cis408/lecturenotes_php-26.pdf · 1 chapter 26 - php...

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