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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Pakistan

ICITAP

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Learning Objectives Learn the definition of CPR

Identify proper and improper ways of performing CPR

Understand the functions of the heart and lungs

Recognize when to begin CPR

Learn how to perform CPR

Know the conditions for stopping CPR

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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR-what is it?

Cardio = HEARTPulmonary = LUNGSResuscitate = REVIVE

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation = Reviving the Heart and Lungs

CPR is a technique used in an emergency when a person’s heart has stopped beating and their breathing has stopped

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The Heart

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CARDIO = HEART Your heart has a simple, but important job.

Your heart is a big, strong muscle that expands and contracts more than 60 times a minute………..Without you even being aware of it!

It is automatically driven by electrical impulses and runs 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, with no vacation time!

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The Heart

The heart pumps blood containing oxygen, from the lungs to the rest of the body

If your heart stops pumping, oxygen does not reach vital organs and they stop working.

This is a true medical emergency!

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Reasons the Heart Will Stop

Heart attack Respiratory arrest Medical emergencies (Choking, poisoning, heat stroke,

etc.) Drowning or suffocation Trauma Bleeding Electric shock

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Pulmonary = Lungs

You breath about 15 to 25 times each minute, and every breath you take brings oxygen into your lungs and get rid of carbon dioxide

Your lungs function automatically just like your heart. You don’t have to think about breathing, it just happens!

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If your body stops bringing oxygen into your lungs, there are only a few minutes before cells start to die and brain damage results

Brain damage begins in four to six minutes and becomes irreversible in eight to ten minutes

Oxygen is vital!

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Without proper oxygen flow, red blood cells will die. With proper oxygen flow, red blood cells will be healthy.

Oxygen and cells

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CPR-how does it work? When the heart stops beating, oxygen is still

available in the blood, but the heart is not moving it around

CPR is a combination of simulating the breathing of the lungs and the beating of the heart

This is done by performing chest compressions to keep the blood going to the cells

These compressions provide oxygen for the blood and vital organs such as the lungs and brain 11

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The effectiveness of CPR 95% of sudden heart attack victims die

before they arrive at the hospital

CPR is effective only 30% of the time

Does this mean, you should not bother to do it?

NO! If you do nothing, there is a 0% chance of the victim’s survival

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When properly performed CPR simulates 40% of the body’s normal circulation

That is not enough to sustain life for a long time. YOUR job is to delay the start of cell death until medical help is available to perform advanced life support.

You should not expect CPR to restart a heart and have the victim pop back to life like is shown on TV!

CPR

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Chest Compressions

Manually compress the heart by pressing down on the chest. When you let up on the chest, the heart expands. The hope is that by compressing and expanding the heart, the blood flows through the it as designed.

Unfortunately, you don’t have an easy way to tell if the blood is flowing. You can’t feel for a pulse, or see results.

You just need to believe in your efforts!14

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Performing Cardiopulmonary

ResuscitationCPR

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Determine unresponsiveness

One Rescuer CPR

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Check for responsiveness Tap or gently shake the casualty.

Speak loud and ask, “Are you alright?”

Don’t slap the casualty’s face

Give bystander direction to call for an ambulance or yell for additional help

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• Head tilt/chin lift• Use Jaw thrust if suspected or

obvious trauma

Open the airway

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Open the airway

By lifting the chin, the area indicated by the arrow remains open

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Position of the rescuer’s head LOOK for rising chest LISTEN for sound of breathing FEEL breath against cheek

Look-listen-feel

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Feel for a Carotid Pulse

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One Rescuer CPR

NO breathing with pulse Begin Rescue Breathing

Breathing and pulse are present Place in recovery position Observe patient

NO breathing and NO pulse BEGIN CPR

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Use index finger Move finger along the rib cage

Expose the chest

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Let fingers come to rest at the “V” where the ribs come together

Use 2 fingers as guide for hand placement

Locate the compression site

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Put the heel of your other hand above the 2 fingers

Place hand on lower half of sternum

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Compression site

Place hand used as 2 finger guide over the bottom hand and interlace the fingers as indicated by the arrow

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Hand Placement for CPR

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Begin compressions using proper body position 3.75 - 5 cm deep 1.5 – 2 Inch deep

Right! Wrong!

Chest compressions

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One Rescuer CPR

Rate of compression – 100 per minute

DO NOT STOP UNLESS:

Someone takes over the compressions Medical help arrives The person starts to breath on his own You are too tired to continue

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Two Rescuer CPR

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Two Rescuer CPR

With two rescuers you can allow the second person to take over compressions, as you become tired

Communicate with the second rescuer so there is no interruption of compressions

Two rescuers allows CPR to be conducted longer

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What does CPR stand for?

CPR MEANS: SAVING A LIFE!!

CPR

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Review

Define CPR and describe what the technique involves

Explain the functions of the heart and lungs

Demonstrate proper and improper body/hand positions for CPR

Under what conditions would you begin CPR?

Demonstrate proper way of performing CPR

Demonstrate how to change rescuers during CPR

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Questions?