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Cabling

UTP AND FIBER CABLING

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Structured Cabling InfrastructureMounted and permanent

Allows patching

Comfort that infrastructure is OK

Components:Information Outlet with Face PlatePatch PanelUTP CablePatch Cord

Cabling

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Fiber Optic Cabling Infrastructure

Components:Fiber Cable Fiber PigtailFiber ConnectorsLIUCouplerFiber Patch Cord

Cabling

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Fiber Optic Installation – Outside Plant

Cabling

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QUESTIONS?

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Campus LAN Technology OptionsEthernet

Fast Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet

10 Gig Ethernet

WLAN

Campus Networks

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Campus Network Architecture

Campus Network

Internet

Server Farm

Backbone Switch

Access Switch

Distribution Switch

RouterFirewall

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Campus Network ArchitectureUses Three Tier Switching Architecture (Popularly known as Cisco’s Switching Architecture)Backbone Switch

Layer 3/4 Chassis based switchMultiple 100Fx or 1000SX/LX or 10GLX/LH ports for connectivity to Distribution switchesMultiple 10/100/1000 ports for connectivity to Servers

Distribution SwitchLayer 2/3 Managed Fixed configuration switch1/2 100Fx or 1000Sx/Lx or 10GLX/LH ports for connectivity to the Backbone switchMultiple 10/100 or 10/100/1000 ports for connectivity to the Access switches

Access SwitchLayer2 Managed/Unmanaged Fixed configuration switchMultiple 10/100 or 10/100/1000 ports for desktop connectivity

Campus Network

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802.11 Wireless LAN

Provides network connectivity over wireless media

An Access Point (AP) is installed to act as Bridge between Wireless and Wired Network

The AP is connected to wired network and is equipped with antennae to provide wireless connectivity

LAN Technologies

Network connectivity

to the legacy

wired LAN

Desktop with PCI 802.11 LAN card

Laptop with PCMCIA 802.11 LAN card

Access Point

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802.11 Wireless LANRange ( Distance between Access Point and WLAN client) depends on structural hindrances and RF gain of the antenna at the Access Point

To service larger areas, multiple APs may be installed with a 20-30% overlap

A client is always associated with one AP and when the client moves closer to another AP, it associates with the new AP (Hand-Off)

Four flavors:802.11b802.11a802.11g802.11n

LAN Technologies

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QUESTIONS?

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Residential Networks: Dial-upUses POTS (Plain Old Telephone System)

Provides a low cost need based access.

Bandwidth 33.6 /56 Kbps.

On the Customer End: Modem is connected to a Telephone LineOn the Service Provider End: Remote Access Server (RAS) is connected to Telephone Lines (33.6 Kbps connectivity) or E1/R2 Line (56 Kbps connectivity)RAS provide dialin connectivity, authentication and metering.Achievable bandwidth depends on the line quality.

MAN Technologies

RAS

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Residential Networks: DSLDigital Subscriber Line (DSL) uses the Ordinary Telephone line and is an always-on technology. This means there is no need to dial up each time to connect to the Internet.

Because DSL is highly dependent upon noise levels, a subscriber cannot be any more than 5.5 kilometers (2-3 miles) from the DSL Exchange

Service can be symmetric, in which downstream and upstream speeds are identical, or asymmetric in which downstream speed is faster than upstream speed.

DSL comes in several varieties:Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)High Data Rate DSL (HDSL) Symmetric DSL (SDSL) Very High Data Rate DSL (VDSL)

MAN Technologies

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Residential Broadband: ADSL

MAN Technologies

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Residential Broadband: Mobile Wireless

MAN Technologies

Use CDMA (128 Kbps) or GSM GPRS (384 Kbps) Mobile Wireless or 3G (2 Mbps)

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Enterprise WAN Network

Enterprise Network

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Enterprise WAN Network

Enterprise Network

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Enterprise WAN Network

Enterprise Network

Server Farm

Service Provider Network

All the locations are connected through a Service Provider Networkover MPLS Backbone

Branch Office

Branch Office

Branch Office

Corporate Head Office

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QUESTIONS?

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TCP/IP Model

TCP/IP Model

Application LayerApplication programs using the network

Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)Management of end-to-end message transmission,

error detection and error correction

Network Layer (IP)Handling of datagrams : routing and congestion

Data Link LayerManagement of cost effective and reliable data delivery,

access to physical networks

Physical LayerPhysical Media

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IP as a Routed ProtocolIP is a connectionless, unreliable, best-effort delivery protocol.

IP accepts whatever data is passed down to it from the upper layers and forwards the data in the form of IP Packets.

All the nodes are identified using an IP address.

Packets are delivered from the source to the destination using IP address

Internet Protocol

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Packet Propagation

Internet Protocol

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IP AddressIP address is for the INTERFACE of a host. Multiple interfaces mean multiple IP addresses, i.e., routers.

32 bit IP address in dotted-decimal notation for ease of reading, i.e., 193.140.195.66

Address 0.0.0.0, 127.0.0.1 and 255.255.255.255 carries special meaning.

IP address is divided into a network number and a host number.

Also bits in Network or Host Address cannot be all 0 or 1.

Internet Protocol

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IP Configuration of an Interface

Internet Protocol

Static DHCP

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IPv6Internet Protocol Version 4 is the most popular protocol in use today, although there are some questions about its capability to serve the Internet community much longer. IPv4 was finished in the 1970s and has started to show its age. The main issue surrounding IPv4 is addressing—or, the lack of addressing—because many experts believe that we are nearly out of the four billion addresses available in IPv4. Although this seems like a very large number of addresses, multiple large blocks are given to government agencies and large organizations. IPv6 could be the solution to many problems posed by IPv4

Internet Protocol

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IPv6IPv6 uses 128 bit address instead of 32 bit address.

The IPv6 addresses are being distributed and are supposed to be used based on geographical location.

Internet Protocol

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TCP/UDPTransport Layer Protocol

TCP is connection Oriented (uses checksum and acknowledgment)

UDP is Connectionless

Both use the concept of Connection Port Number (16 Bit Source Port Number and Destination Port Number)

Standard Applications have standard Port Numbers (Email 25, Telnet 23, FTP 20 & 21, SSH 22)

TCP/UDP

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QUESTIONS?