1 aurelien barrau lpsc-grenoble (cnrs / ujf) microscopic black holes as a probe for new physics...
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1 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
MICROSCOPIC BLACK HOLESAS A PROBE FOR NEW
PHYSICS
Aurélien BarrauJulien Grain , Gaelle Boudoul
Laboratory for Subatomic Physics and CosmologyCNRS/IN2P3 – Université Joseph Fourier – Grenoble, France
2 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
I. Reminder on what PBHs have to say on “standard”
physics and cosmology
In 3 words : quite a lot !
3 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
PBH could have formed in the early Universe
2
2
2
2
1)(
eP
2
2
2
1
)(
c
c
edPi
* Standard mass spectrum in a radiation dominated era
PBHcBH
BHBH MM
MMn
2*
*
)2(
* Near critical phenomena * Bubbles collisions
kcBHM )'(
4 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Hawking evaporation law
sch
Qs
ehdQdt
Nd
24/
2
)1(2T
Q
eQMdQdt
Nd 22
2
kGM
hcT
16
3
2
)(
M
M
dt
dM
stGeVTgM
stGeVTgM
11010
10101049
21116
5 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
“constant” term in the mass loss rate
6 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Antiproton individual emission
dQdE
EQdge
h
TQ
dEdt
NdpjskT
Q
j EQ
jj
p),(
)1(),( __
1
2
2
Jetenergy
Antiprotonenergy
MQ
M2Q2
7 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Mass spectrum
dMdMdV
z)n(rd
dEdT
E)N(Md=E)z(rq prim ,,
,,22
dM
dM
dM
dn=
dM
dn init
init*
2 ↔ MMMdM
dn
Convolution of the individual flux with the mass spectrum
Initial spectrum
Today :
3/13 3 )mαt(M init Hawking evolution law gM 1410 5
Initial mass of a black hole with lifetime ~ age of the Univers
8 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Cumulative source
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
g][MM Pl
12,10
g]g[M 1312 10 ,10
g]g[M 1313 10 5 ,10
gM 1310 5
Contribution essentielle:Masses de trous noirs entre
1012 et 5.1013 g
FL
UX
Énergie cinétique des antiprotons (GeV)
(1)
(2)
(3)(4)
Flux total
9 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Horizon size after inflation ?
tt
MM
Pl
Pl
8
1
22
1
3.0RH
PlRH T
Mgt
Flu
x
Antiprotons kinetic energy (GeV)
10 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
What about a QCD halo ?
0
2T
E
edEdt
Nd
)1(6.8)(
GeV
TTP
Sans halo
Effet du halo
Flu
x
Antiprotons kinetic energy (GeV)
11 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Now, let the antiprotons propagate in the Milky way…
Maurin, Taillet, Donato, Salati, Barrau, Boudoul, review article for “Research Signapost” (2002) [astro-ph/0212111]
Drawing by D. Maurin
12 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Secondary antiprotons
),,(1
),0,()(2),0,()(22
2
_ EzrNr
rrzz
Kz
VErNzhErqzh cine
p
')',(4)'(),(_
dEErnpHEpdE
dErq
Threshlod
pHISM
),(')',(''),( ____
__
ErNvnEdEErNvnEEdE
dErq
pH
XpHpE
pH
XpHp
p-p interactions :
p-He, He-p and He-He interactions : evaluated with DTUNUC
Tertiaries :
13 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Secondary antiprotons fluxExperimental data
Antiprotons flux
p-p component
He-He component
He-p componentp-He component
F.Donato, D. Maurin, P. Salati, A. Barrau, G. Boudoul, R.TailletAstrophy. J. (2001) 536, 172
14 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Top of atmosphere spectrum
A. Barrau, G. Boudoul et al., Astronom. Astrophys., 388, 767 (2002)
15 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Upper limit on the PBH density
33433 .105105 cmg )3(104 351 kpcLcmn 9104
16 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Gamma-ray new upper limitTaking into account the expected background from (Pavlidou & fields, ApJ 575, L5-8 (2002)):
- galaxies
- quasars
The EGRET gamma-ray flux at 100 MeV can be converted into (after integration over redshift, evolution and absorption) :
Omega_PBH < 3.3 E –9 , improving by a factor 3 the Page & MacGibbon upper limit.
This limit is nearly the same as with antiprotons but it relies on very different physics and assumptions.
Barrau & Boudoul, IRCR 2003 proc., [asto-ph/0304528]
17 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Cosmological consequences
Bump in the mass variance
Near critial phenomena
0.35
Blais, Bringmann, Kiefer, PolarskiPhys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 024024
cHMM 0.7
HYPOTHESIS:
18 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Constraints on the PBH fraction
ContrainteGravitationnelle
Contrainte due aux
antiprotons
Mpeak (g)
Barrau, Blais, Boudoul, Polarski, Phys. Lett. B, 551, 218 (2003)
19 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Dark Matter
In the BSI framework, PBHs can be reconsidered as CDM candidatesIn two different scenarii
Experimental investigations possible above 1022 gby detection of gravitational waves
If MRH
is very large (greater than 1015 g) , PBHs become good candidates
Pour M H,e
=gp
3
,
15
2
6
min
, 10
2
103.5
eHPBH
COBEH
MLWp
A. Barrau, D.Blais, G.Boudoul , D. PolarskiAnn. Phys. 13, 115 (2004) [astro-ph/0303330]
20 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
A new hope for detection ?Antideuterons !
Secondary noise very small (kinematics)
A few events expected within the AMS detector
21 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Antideuteron source term
Fragmentation function into antideuteronsFor a given coalescence momentum P_0
D
dQdE
PEQdge
h
TQ
dEdt
Ndj
DjjskTQEQ
j
jD
),,()1(
),( 012/2
n
pP0
22 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Antideuteron spectrum
Evaporation
Secondary anti(D)
Window for detection
New computationof the secondaryflux
More events in theLow energy tail
23 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Parameters space {L - P
0 -
L (kpc)g/cm 3)
P0 (
MeV
/c) AMS excluded
Zone in case ofno-detection
A. Barrau, G. Boudoul, et al. Astronom. Astrophys. 398, 403 (2003)
24 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
The AMS experiment
AMS-01: test fly in 1998 In 2007... AMS-02 on the ISS!
25 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Main physics topics for AMS
•Search for CDM
•Cosmic-rays
•Gamma-rays
•Search for antimatter
26 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
TOFHodoscopes(TOF & dE/dX)
Cryostat & Aimant SC
(B = 1T)
Trajectomètre(P & dE/dX )
Calorimetre electrom.(ID em particules)
RICH(particule ID
A<~27, Z<~26)
TRDe+/p & e-/p
Discrim P<300GeV/c
-
The AMS-02 spectrometer
VETO
3m
27 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Particles identification
28 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
What can de done ?
Antimatter Cosmic-rays
Bouchet et al.Nucl. Phys A 688,417 (2001)
29 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Calorimetre
PMTs
radiator
mirror
The RICHCounter
Number of photons Z2
Ring size V
30 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
II. New Physics with small black holes
In 3 words : We will see…In 3 more words : Let’s hope !
31 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
If PBHs don’t exist, let’s create them !
Hierarchy problem : M_Planck >> E_EW
Two interesting ways to address this problem are :- Warped extra dimensional geometries (RS)
Randall & Sundrum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3370 (1999)
- Large extra dimensionHarkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos & Dvali, Phys. Lett. B 429, 257 (1998)
If the spacetime structure is made of numerous large dimensions : Mp ~ TeV if D=10 and V6=1fm6
32 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Generalized Schwarschild solution
)3/(1
22
4
0 )2(
)2(4
D
DPlD
D
Jh MD
Mr
h
JH r
DT
43
0
)exp( )3/()2( DDMNS Experimental detection
Myers & Perry, Amm. Phys. 172, 304 (1986)
33 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Detection at the LHC
Dimopoulos & Landsberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 499 (2001)Giddings & Thomas, Phys. Rev. D 65, 056010 (2002)
If the center of mass energy is > E_Planck for an impact parameter < R_S
Black Hole !
34 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Dimensionality of space / new particles
Plot from Dimopoulos & Landsberg
The dimensionality of space can be reconstructed in most cases
There is also a promising possibility to search for new particles ~ 100 GeV (e.g. a 130 GeV Higgs boson)
Landsberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 18 (2004)
35 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
The Gauss Bonnet term
From General Relativity :
To the Gauss-Bonnet action :
- Phenomenological approach: only ghost-free quadratic correction- String theoretical approach: leading order in heterotic string models
Successfully used Cosmology (e.g. Deruelle et al.) and BH Physics (e.g. Alexeyev et al.)
36 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Gauss Bonnet BH thermodynamics
Boulware & Deser, Phys. Rev. Lett., 88, 3370 (1985)Cai, Phys. Rev. D, 65, 084014 (2002)
37 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Temperature behaviour
Non monotomic behaviour integration over time
Barrau, Grain, Alexeyev, submitted to Phys. Lett. B (2003) [hep-ph/0311238]
38 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Flux computation
Multi-D grey body factorsTaken at the relativistic limit
(Kanti et al.)
39 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
ATLAS detection
- Mp ~ 1 TeV- Rs (and production rate) modified by the GB term
-Hard electrons and photons kept for determining the spectrum- Energy resolution taken into account
40 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Results : beyond the dimensionality of space
Barrau, Grain, Alexeyev, Phys. Lett. B 584 (2004) 114
In any case, D And the GB coupling constant can be reconstructed
41 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Perspectives in this direction
- Improving the endpoint treatment
- Spinning black holes
- dS / AdS background ( CFT motivated )
- Cross section estimates
Alexeyev, Popov, Barrau, Grain in preparation
42 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
EDGB cosmic black holes
2
24
4
2
RRRRRS
SeRgxdS
ijij
ijklijklGB
GB
)sin( 222222
22 ddrdrdtds
Effects of Moduli fields, higher order curvature corrections and time perturbations OK
Alexeyev, Barrau, Boudoul, Sazhin, Class. & Quantum Grav., 19, 4431 (2002)
43 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Metric functions revisited
hhr 64inf
...)()(
...)(
...)()(
22100
10
221
hh
h
hh
rrrr
rrss
rrdrrd
Alexeyev, Barrau, Boudoul et al., Astronom. Lett., 28, 7, (2002)
44 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Evaporation law in the Planck era
M
M
r
r
out
in
dHr
drS Im)Im(
3min )()Im( MMkS
Hawking law
45 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Integrated relic flux
tMGM
ckMM
Pl344
min
25
min 8
9
E
tMGM
ckEtkMMcG
dEdt
Nd
PlPl 344
min
6542
3
2
510min
2
15152
2510
2
32
8
9
9
8
3
32
max
02
222
4
)(tan)(),1(
R
univ dRR
RR
c
RtzE
dEdt
NdF
12117101.1 srmsJF
46 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Relics dark matter
If MRH
is small (smaller than 109 g) , stable relics becomegood canidates
A. Barrau, D.Blais, G.Boudoul , D. Polarski, Ann. Phys. 13, 115 (2003) [astro-ph/0303330]
Pour M rel
=M P
3.9 10 -4 < p < 7.1 10 -4
3
,
152
2
6
min
, 10
2
100.8
eHp
rel
PBH
COBEH
MM
MLWp
47 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Constraints on SUGRA
Lower limit on the reheating temperature as a functionof the 100 MeV antideuteron flux
Barrau & Ponthieu, Phys. Rev. D (2004) , hep-ph/0402187
48 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Gravitino mass
49 Aurelien Barrau LPSC-Grenoble (CNRS / UJF)
Conclusion
Big black-holes are fascinating
But small black holes are far more fascinating !