09_08_2010_002
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mumbaifirstDISASTERMANAGEMENT
H I N D U S T A N T I M E S , M U M B A IM O N D AY , A U G U S T 0 9 , 2 0 1 0
Snehal Rebello [email protected]
MUMBAI: The citys shores are likely tobe transformed if the proposal toreclaim areas in Navi Mumbai, alongthe eastern waterfront and beyondBorivlifor housingand infrastructure
becomes a reality.The two-member team that pre-
pared a soil liquefaction when soilbeginsto runlike muddywaterduringan earthquake report for Mumbai
will extend its study to Navi Mumbai.There are fault lines in the Panvel
creek that can cause ground motion,said Deepankar Choudhury, of IIT-B.He added that the preliminary workhas begun.
Geologistsstressedthe needto pre-paredetailedmicroseismic zonemaps,
basedon whichconstructionprojectswould get the go-ahead in reclaimedareas.
Mumbai, which falls in the moder-ate Seismic Zone 3, may not be veryprone to earthquakes but one should
nottakeit forgranted,saidV.K.Joshi,former director, Geological Survey ofIndia. An earthquake comes unan-nounced.Therefore,the emphasismust
beon pre-disaster managementrather
than post-disaster management.Thechance of liquefactionis higher
inreclaimedareasbecause theseareasarefilledwith bouldersor wastebeforesoil is dumpedon the top. A map will
help decide how deep the foundationshould go,especiallyfor multi-storeyed
buildings, said S.K. Gupta, geologistand consultant to the civic body.
Currently, developers constructbuildings assuming a uniform groundshake everywhere.
Havingworkedon similarmapsforKolkata,Delhi, Dehradunand Jabalpur,Joshisaidapart fromrevisionof normsevery five years, a susceptibility map
would help builders understand theearthquake-resistant precautions need-ed in a particular area.
It costs only 25 per cent more tomake a building safe. When residentscan spend money on beautification of
balconiesand interiors,why notpayalittle more for safety, asked Joshi.
Snehal Rebello [email protected]
MUMBAI: Residents of Bandra andAndheriare on safergroundcomparedto those of buildings constructed onland reclaimed from the sea in areassuch as Bhandup and Borivli.
Thats because buildings in
Mumbais reclaimed areas are morelikelyto bedamagedduringanearth-quake than those elsewhere, accord-ing to a study done by the IndianInstituteof Technology-Bombay(IIT-B) and Veermata Jijabai Institute ofTechnology(VJTI),Matunga.Duringan earthquake, the soil in reclaimedareas could take on a liquid qualityand flow like muddy water, affecting
building foundations.The study, published in the March
issueof theJournalofAppliedGeophysics,isimportantbecausethe differentwaysin which soil reacts during tremorscould necessitate area-specific con-structiondesignsin Mumbai.
A building design suitable forAndheri may not be safe for Borivli,said IIT-B Professor DeepankarChoudhury, one of the researchers.Whenlandis reclaimed,soil isdumpedinto the sea so the chances of lique-factionincrease.Youneedto takespe-cialcare whiledesigningearthquake-resistant measures in such areas.However, thisis not normally done.
Thestudyis importantforMumbai,which falls in the moderate SeismicZone 3 and is susceptible to earth-quakes measuring 6 to 6.5 on theRichterscale. There are23 fault linesalong Panvel, Thane and Dharamtarcreeks around Mumbai. On July 1,moderate tremors measuring 3.1 ontheRichter scale were felt inpartsofDiva and Thane.
Theresearchteam prepareda soilliquefaction susceptibility map forMumbais original seven islands. Soilliquefactionis a phenomenonin whichcohesion-less soil usuallysandyorclay flows like muddy water.
Themap couldhelpurbanplannersdesignmoreefficientquake-resistant
buildings. At present, soil testing isdoneto seehowmuchloadit cantake.But there is no assessment of what
will happento thesoiland orhow thefoundationwill reactduringan earth-quake. Knowing the intensity of soilliquefaction will help builders drawdesignssuitedto theconstructionsite,saidVJTIProfessorSumedhMhaske.This would make buildings safer.
Soil testing is done before con-structinga building; wealso considerthe eventuality of a quake. A suscep-tibilitymap wouldbe useful, saidSunilMantri, proprietor, Mantri Builders.
TALKTO US
Do you think the government should have a disastermanagement plan in place?
Isyourhomequake-proof?ON SHAKY GROUNDStudy shows homes built on reclaimed land are vulnerable during quakes. The soil in such areas could runlike muddy water, damaging foundations. A susceptibility map could help developers design buildings with area-specific precautions1708: First major reclamation doneto construct Mahim-Sion causeway
1772: Second major reclamation tostop ingress of water and flooding ofCentral Mumbai, and to connectMahalaxmi to Worli
1784: Breach Candy reclamationdone to complete causeway betweenDongri, Malabar Hill and Worli
1793: Bellasis Road built to joinMazgaon to Malabar Hill
1803: Mumbai connected toSalsette by causeway from Sion
1836: Mumbai Port built onreclaimed land
1838: Colaba Causeway joinsColaba island to Old Womens Islandand H-Shape Island of Mumbai
1845: Mahim, Bandra connectedby causeway
1855: First railway line laid(Boribunder to Thane)
1861 to 1863: ColabaCauseway widened, strengthened
1862: Fort wall demolished, alltanks till Parel filled
1865: Narrow strip of landreclaimed to construct railway linebetween Churchgate and Colaba
1870: Hills of Chinchpokali, Bycullaquarried and boulders dumped into
the sea to reclaim land near railwayline, swamps and port to preventaccumulation of water
1875: Sassoon Docks built onreclaimed land
1905: Cuff Parade, ie, westernshore of Colaba reclaimed
1870 to 1970: Backbayreclaimed
1917: 607 hectares reclaimedbetween Colaba and Backbay by agroup of prominent citizens and pri-vate companies
1929: Development of MarineDrive-Nariman Point begins on landreclaimed by constructing a sea wall
Up to 1970: Third Backbayreclamation carried out for develop-ment of high-rises at Nariman Point,Cuff Parade and east of the navaldockyard
1990 onwards: SupremeCourt restricts reclamation alongseashore with Costal RegulationZones. Reclamation to develop resi-dential spaces along western shore(Bandra to Mira Road) and easternshore (Sion to Mulund and NaviMumbai)
THE RECLAMATION STORY
Source: Bombay The Cities Within by RahulMehrotra and Sharda Dwivedi and Introductionto India by Toby Sinclair and Marie DSouza
A map will help decide howdeep the foundation
should go, especially formulti-storeyed buildings.
S . K . G U P T A , geologist
IIT-B Professor Deepankar Choudhury (in blue) and VJTI Professor SumedhMhaske after preparing a soil liquefaction report for Mumbai will extend its studyto Navi Mumbai. PRAFUL GANGURDE
Watch this story onMumbai Express on
IBN Lokmatat10.30pm today
Rajendra Aklekar [email protected]
MUMBAI:Afterthe municipal cor-porationwasunder pressuretosave fouropen spaces,it clearedthe proposal to buy three ofthem.Butitis yetto takea deci-sion on the biggest space ofthem all JVPD (Juhu VileParleDevelopmentScheme)inJuhu worth Rs 1,000 crore.
Sources said the proceduremay now get delayed as a fewhousing societies have raisedobjectionstothe saleofthe plot.
The fate of these plotsreservedforopen spaceswasatstake asthe BMCwas allegedlydilly-dallying the process toacquire them. The owners afederationof 14housingsocieties ofthisplothad issued a pur-chasenotice,askingthe BMCtoeitherdevelopthe proposedfacil-itiesor allowthem development.
It is mandatory to buy theplotsbeforethepurchasenoticeslapsed or else the plots wouldautomatically return to their
owners.Thoughthe deadlineofthis plot isDecember, I amtoldthata fewhousingsocietieshave
raised objections to the federa-tion and said that they do notagree with the sale proposal.Thereare more than onehous-ingsocietythathave approachedtheBMC,said UpendraDoshi,a corporator whofirst raisedtheissue.
Hesaidtherewerefourmore
plotsatJuhuthatwillbecomingupat thecivicimprovementcom-mittee meetingthis week.
HT Correspondent [email protected]
MUMBAI: The National Textile
Corporation (NTC) may havehit the goldmine by garneringarecordRs 1,979crorefromthesale of its two Worli millsBharat Textile and PodarProcessing recently but thestate government has put theredevelopment plans on hold.
The state governmentsUrban Development (UD)Department has directed thecivic bodytonot allowanyrede-
velopmentto take place onthe10.6-acreland inboth thesemills
because NTC has not yet sub-mitted the two mills integrat-ed development plan as man-dated in Development Control(DC) regulations.
Thisintegrated plan includeshanding over one-third of theopenplotto boththe civicbodyand MHADA. They are sup-posed to take our permissionfor the integrated plan whichhas not yet been done, said asenior official of the state gov-
ernment.T he B ri ha nm um ba i
Municipal Corporation usesthis
partofthe plotforcreatingplay-grounds and recreation whilethe MHADA uses them forhousing mill workers and cre-ating transit accommodation.
However,NTC calledthis justa problemof lackof communi-cation.Wewillsurely giveoneofour millsforhousingand civicamenities as in the previouscase, saidthe seniorNTC offi-cial who did not wish to benamedas hewasnot authorisedtospeakto themedia. "We willsort out the issue before our
next auction," he added.Instead of offering bits and
pieces in all five mills it sold in
2005, theNTCgavetwo entiremillsadmeasuringtheir share,oneeach toBMC andMHADA.TheMazgaon-basedNew HindMillswasgivento MHADAandIndia United Mills Number 2
was handed over to the civicbody.
Lastweek,the Bharat textilemillwassoldat therecordpriceof Rs 1,505 crore, the highestamount for any mill, the 2.39-acrePodarProcessingwentforRs 474 crore, two weeks ago.The NTC said that this sale
amount will be pumped in toreviveas wellas setupnewmillsacross the country.
State stalls NTC millsredevelopment plans
State Minister for HousingSachin Ahir has sounded his
opposition to the granting ofincentive Floor Space Index(FSI) to Indiabulls for the twomills it purchased recently. Thisincentive FSI is granted if themills opt to create public parkinglots. The whole infrastructure ofthis area is crumbling and weneed to put some brakes on
this, said Ahir.Ahir who is also the legislator
of Worli where the two mills arelocated, expressed his opposi-tion to new parking lots. Almost 25,000 lots havebeen sanctioned under thisscheme. There is no need for anymore, he added. Ahir has writ-ten a letter to the state UDdepartment expressing his oppo-sition to the parking scheme.
HOUSING MINISTER AGAINST GRANTING INCENTIVE FSI
Decision on Juhuopen space maybe delayed
HT GRAPHIC: RICHA, RAMESH
WHAT THE STUDY SAYS
What happens during an ear thquake
Professor Deepankar
Choudhury of the Indian
Institute of Technology -
Bombay and Professor
Sumedh Mhaske of
Veermata Jijabai Institute
of Technology, Matunga,
conducted the study.
Between 2008 and
2009, they prepared a soil
liquefaction susceptibility
map for Mumbai. Soil liq-uefaction is a phenomenon
in which cohesion-less soil
usually sand or clay
flows like muddy water.
Using Geographic
Information System-based
software, the researchersstudied soil with the poten-
tial to liquefy at 238 spots
at Andheri, Bandra,
Bhandup, Borivli, Dahisar
and Malad at earthquake
magnitudes ranging from 5
to 7.5 on the Richter scale.
The study found that in
case of tremors of the
magnitude of 6.5 to 7.5,
soil in Bhandup and
Malvani in Malad would liq-
uefy faster. In contrast,
Dahisar and two spots at
Borivli would liquefy only
when the tremors meas-
ured 7 to 7.5 on the Richter
scale.
These maps will help
designers and engineers to
check the vulnerability ofthe project to soil liquefac-
tion.
Priorto thequake, waterpressurebetween soilparticles is relativelylow.
When an earthquake occurs, the ground shake causes the waterpressure to rise, which in turn makes the soil flow like a fluid.
The ability of the soil to supportfoundations of buildings is reduced.
Mumbai is vulnerable because it is located in peninsular India thatcomprises Dharvad, Aravali and Singhbhum proto-continents withhigh seismic activity at their intersections.
A tremor stronger than 5.5 on theRichter scale is considered anearthquake since it causesstructural damage.
Apart from Mumbai, soil liquefac-tion maps have been prepared forDelhi, Bhuj, Bangalore, Guwahati,Chennai.
Study soil in reclaimed areas: Experts
The 7,441 sq m at Juhu hasbeen in controversy earlier asthe BMC claims that residentshave no right to ask them tobuy the plot. The JVPD scheme, compris-ing 14 cooperative housingsocieties, is together known asthe JVPD Cooperative HousingAssociation. As per a policyagreed upon by the Mhada andthe BMC, the JVPD housingsociety was to hand over theplots free of cost to the BMC.Residents want the land tobe de-reserved, so that theycan improve infrastructure.
THE PLOT
22-year-old drowns while tryingto rescue friend at national park
HT Correspondent [email protected]
MUMBAI: In an attempt to savehis friends, a 22-year-old mandrowned in a pond located inthe Sanjay Gandhi National
Park in Borivli (West) onSunday. A group of 13 men from
Dharavi had gone for a picnicnear the pond where the inci-dent reportedly occurred.
This comes two days aftertwo middle-aged peopledrowned in the same pond.
While nine men from thegroup sat outside the Ganeshpond, four went in for a swim,according to the police.
Rajendra Thakur, a seniorpolice inspector of KasturbaMarg police station, said theincidentoccurrednear theboat-ingareaat1.30pm, whichdoesnothave security duringweek-ends.
Thedeceasedwas identifiedas Firoz Irfan Shaikh, a resi-dent Dharavis 60-Feet Road.
The police said the group ofmenwhoworkas zariworkers
went to the pond that is animmersion spot during the
Ganpati festival.Whenthe boys were swim-
ming, oneTaufiq ventureddeep
intothelakeand starteddrown-ing. Seeing his friend drown,Shaikh jumped in to save him.However, he could not contin-ueto hithishandsandlegsdueto exhaustion and sank in.Miraculously, Taufiq managedtoreachthe edgeofthe lakeandsave himself, said SubInspector Sameer Barawarkar.
Meanwhile, when Shaikhbegansinking inthe water, oth-ersin thegroupraisedanalarm
and notified the police.Fire brigade officers were
also pressed into service, fol-
lowingwhich,Shaikh wasfishedoutfromthe lakeinthe evening.Hewasdeclareddeadon arrivalat the civic Bhagwati Hospitalin Borivli.
The police have filed anAccidental DeathReport (ADR)regarding the incident.
Earlier too the SGNP hasseen such incidents added theofficials.
On July 18, two youthdrowned after they were
trapped in a deep pond near a waterfall inside the SanjayGandhi National Park.
Firemen search for the body of Firoz Irfan Shaikh who drownedwhile trying to save his friend at the Sanjay Gandhi National Parkin Borivli on Sunday. HT PHOTO