09-robots - university of hong kongccst9015/fa09/handouts/09-robots_6up.pdf · the development of...
TRANSCRIPT
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YEEE0004
Dr Hayden So
(based on slides from
Dr Edmund Lam)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 1 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE 2
YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE 3
“I can envision a future in which robotic devices will become a nearly ubiquitous part of our day‐to‐day lives. … they could have just as profound an impact on the way we work, communicate, learn and entertain ourselves as the PC has had over the past 30 years.”
BILL GATES
Vacuum‐clean your home
Butter a piece of bread (nicely)
Defeat a human in playing Chess
Defeat a human in playing Go
Give a lecture
YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 4 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE
How to teach robots to “think”
and learn?
Can robots replace humans
(for some activities)?
Can humans become immortal
as robots?
Can robots make independent decisions?
Understand better the world’s
evolution by building robots?
Build better robots by mimicking humans?
YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE 5
technology issues
society issues
“A machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by a computer.” ‐ The Concise Oxford English Dictionary
“any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner” ‐ Encyclopedia Britannica
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVuG7HAt-r4
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZ1ObgfAX3Q
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YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE 13
Mid‐term Project Presentation Next Week ◦ Presentation schedule online by tonight ◦ 10 mins each group + 2 mins Q&A ◦ 9 presentations in lecture, 5 in tutorial
Final Presentation ◦ 11/30 9 am – 1 pm ◦ Lobby @ Chow Yei Ching Building
Final report due 12/4
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1 e‐waste 2 none 3 Cloud Computing? 4 Slave of technology: Can‘t take my eyes off you, new
model here I come! 5 Youtube/movie sharing sites as agencies 6 Can remote office/e‐book save paper 7 How much electronics do you have to put on before
you can be called a robot? 8 The day when HD movies can be streamed from the
Internet in real time 9 The trend of online gaming 10 Technology Labelin 11 USB drive ‐ An impressive innovation or a
troublemaker? 12 Future Energy Sources 13 E‐waste, E‐books and how it affects the enviroment 14 The Technology of Video Game ‐ Wii and We
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我的機械人女友 Cyborg She (2008)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
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A feedback control system ◦ React according to the environment
Read from Environment Motor Position
GPS, Acceleration/Velocity, Dirt, Heat,
Light, IR, RF
Decision Making
Should I move/stop? How far? How fast?
Reaction Accelerate, Decelerate
Stop, open arm, close arm, etc
YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE 21 YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE 22
Using computation to recognize an object
image
template
multiply and add
2 5 2 2 2 2
locating a match to the template
YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE 23
Artificial intelligence: myth or reality?
1950s–60s: Initial success at “human tasks”
“Machines will be capable, within twenty years, of doing any work a man can do…” (Herbert Simon, 1965)
“Within a generation ... the problem of creating ‘artificial intelligence’ will substantially be solved.” (Marvin Minsky, 1967)
Dies down since mid‐70s
1980s: Expert systems: software that attempts to reproduce the performance of one or
more human experts, most commonly in a specific problem domain
Dies down since mid to late 80s
1990s–now: Fuzzy systems, neural networks, genetic programming, machine learning, …
YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE 24
Deep Blue vs Kasparov (1997)
Will this happen to Go?
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object recognition capability of a 2‐year‐old
language capability of a 4‐year‐old
Long &me no see
Haven’t seen you for a long &me
Manual dexterity of a 6‐year‐old
social understanding of an 8‐year‐old
YPSY0004 / 2009 ∙ 4 ∙ 15 (c) Edmund Lam, HKU EEE 26
>> Hello. How do you do. Please state your problem. >> I need to teach a class in "Christianity and Society." What would it mean to you if you got to teach a class in christianity and society ? >> I get nervous. You say you get nervous ? >> Yes. You seem to be quite positive. >> You think so? We were discussing you -- not me. >> ok. I'm not sure I understand you fully.
>> I said, ok. Can you elaborate on that ? >> I am going to post our conversation to the class. Is it because you are going to post our conversation to the class that you came to me ?
>> Exactly! Please go on.
Try it out at http://www.chayden.net/eliza/Eliza.html .
A and B are hidden from C C communicate with A and B only through text on screen
After 5 minutes of communication with A and B respectively, can C differentiate if A or B is a computer or a human
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“Will those emotions be real or just a very sophisticated simulation? Will they be the same kind of stuff as our own emotions? All I can give you is my hypothesis:
The robot’s emotional behavior can be seen as the real thing.
We are made of biomolecules; the robots will be made of something else. Ultimately, the emotions created in each medium will be indistinguishable.”
RODNEY BROOKS
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“Our merger with machines is already happening. We replace hips and other parts of our bodies with titanium and steel parts… While we become more robotic, our robots will become more biological, with parts made of artificial and yet organic materials. In the future, we might share some parts with our robots.”
RODNEY BROOKS
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“The singularity is supposed to begin shortly after engineers build the first computer with greater‐than‐human intelligence. That achievement will trigger a series of cycles in which superintelligent machines beget even smarter machine progeny, going from generation to generation in weeks or days rather than decades or years. The availability of all that cheap, mass‐produced brilliance will spark explosive economic growth, an unending, hypersonic, techno‐industrial rampage…
“Now you know why the singularity has also been called the rapture of the geeks.”
IEEE SPECIAL REPORT
http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/singularity
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Pros: Moore’s law will apply to countless other technologies… it will lead to a singularity that will enable
us to upload our consciousness into machines and, in effect, live indefinitely. ― Raymond Kurzweil (major proponent)
Consciousness does not seem to require many of the things we associate most deeply with being human. ― Christof Koch (Professor of cognitive and behavioral biology, Caltech)
As CS, biotech, and nanotech advance, it will become easier and easier for small groups or even individuals to create incredibly destructive things. ― Bill Joy (VC, Cofounder of Sun Microsystems)
Our increasing knowledge of the brain and increasing computing power will eventually intersect. ― Marvin Minsky (Professor of media arts and sciences, and EECS, MIT)
Cons: We will never know if machines consciousness will occur, in the sense of first‐person experience. ―
Steven Pinker (Professor of psychology, Harvard)
Belief in this idea is based on a naïve understanding of what intelligence is… in the end there are limits to how big and fast computers can run. ― Jeff Hawkins (Cofounder, Palm Computing, Handspring, Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience)
I have trouble seeing the specific transitions or break points that let the exponential take over and move to the next transition. ― Gordon Bell (Principal Researcher, Microsoft Research SV)
The development of humans… involves a lot more than just the intellectual capability. .. I don’t see how machines are going to overcome that overall gap. ― Gordon Moore (Cofounder, Intel)
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“The internet” Google Wikipedia
IEEE Spectrum (The Singularity: A Special Report) Calvin and Hobbes BibleGateway.com Donald E. Knuth, Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About.
CSLI, 2001. Also March 16, 2009 talk at “Authors@Google” (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPpk-1btGZk)
Anne Foerst, God in the Machine: What Robots Teach Us about Humanity and God. Plume, 2004.
Ken Funk, “Thinking critically and Christianly about technology,” Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 201‐211, September 2007.