09-microalgal biomass production chin nasa my

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Senthil Chinnasamy and K.C.DasUGA Biorefining and Carbon Cycling ProgramDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering

Driftmier Engineering CenterThe University of Georgia, Athens

Microalgal Biomass ProductionUsing Industrial Wastewater



Converting rainforests,peatlands, savannas, orgrasslands to produce food-based BIOFUELS in Brazil,Southeast Asia, and the UnitedStates creates a ‘biofuelCARBON DEBT’ by releasing17 to 420 times more CO2 thanthe annual greenhouse gas(GHG) reductions theseBIOFUELS provide bydisplacing fossil fuels.

Algae is a better biomasssource for biofuels…Unlike biofuel crops they donot contribute to carbon debt

Ref: Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change.T. Searchinger, R. Heimlich, R. A. Houghton, F. Dong, A. Elobeid, J. Fabiosa, S. Tokgoz, D. Hayes, and T.-H. Yu (2008)

Science 319 , 1238-1240



Research Objective

To examine the potential of carpet industry

wastewater as growth medium for microalgae

cultivation production



Approach

Characterization of wastewater (Raw and Treated)

Isolation and identification of native strains of microalgaefor biomass and biofuels production

Studies on seasonal variations in species composition incarpet industry wastewater industrial wastewater

Comparison of monoculture system with mixed culturesystem for biomass production using wastewater andstandard growth medium through:

- Preliminary screening of various algal strains- Timescale batch studies using selected algal

strains



NilNil0.3326.46Bacillariophyta contribution

nilnil0.3321.85Nitzschia palea

nilnilnil3.12Navicula pelliculosa

nilnilnil1.49Eunotia spp

36.9271.111.5838.46Cyanophyta contribution

nilnil0.17nilSynechocystis spp

nilnil0.350.06Synechococcus sp.1

nilnil0.11nilSynechococcus elongatus

0.5571.11nilnilRaphidiopsis curvata

nilnilnil1.59Oscillatoria tenuis

nilnilnil36.74Lyngbya spp

13.5nilnilnilLimnothrix redekei

22.87nilnilnilLeibleinia kryloviana

nilnilnil0.05Chroococcus minutus

nilnil0.810.02Chroococcaceae spp .

nilnil0.12nilAphanothece spp .

nilnil0.02nilAphanocapsa delicatissima

RawTreatedRawTreated

FallSpringStrains identified

Seasonal Variations in Species Composition (%) ofSeasonal Variations in Species Composition (%) ofRaw and Treated Industrial WastewatersRaw and Treated Industrial Wastewaters



nilnil11.843.42Scenedesmus acutus

nilnilnil2.61Scenedesmus acuminatus

nilnilnil0.09Scenedesmus abundans

0.693.23nilnilOocystis lacustris

nilnilnil0.23Oedogonium spp

nil3.84nilnilMonoraphidium mirabile

nil1.21nilnilGloeocystis vesiculosa

nil2.42nil5.62Coelastrum microporum

4.414.04nilnilChlorococcum humicola

nilnil0.7212.79Chlorococcaceae spp

nil7.68nilnilChlorella vulgaris

57.711.21nilnilChlamydomonas spp



Seasonal Variations in Species Composition (%) ofSeasonal Variations in Species Composition (%) of

Raw and Treated Industrial WastewatersRaw and Treated Industrial Wastewaters



nilnil0.14nilUnknown

63.0928.8897.9535.08Chlorophyta contribution

nilnil46.49nilUroglena spp

nilnil38.84nilStigeoclonium spp

nilnilnil0.09Scenedesmus serratus

nilnilnil3.54Scenedesmus quadrispina

nil2.83nil1.29Scenedesmus quadricauda

nilnil0.060.67Scenedesmus obliquus

nilnilnil1.87Scenedesmus dimorphus

nilnilnil0.13Scenedesmus denticulatus

nilnilnil0.23Scenedesmus bijuga alternans

0.282.42nil1.59Scenedesmus bijuga

nilnilnil0.16Scenedesmus bicaudatus nilnilnil0.75Scenedesmus acutus alternans



Seasonal Variations in Species Composition (%) ofSeasonal Variations in Species Composition (%) of

Raw and Treated WastewatersRaw and Treated Wastewaters



Preliminary Screening

Objective:

Assess various strains of microalgae for theirgrowth potential in industrial wastewater.



Strains Used for Preliminary Screening

Modified CFTRIMarine algaeSpirulina platensis UTEX LB1926

Modified BG mediumMarineNannochloris oculata UTEX LB1998

Modified BG mediumMarineDunaliella tertiolecta UTEX LB999

Modified BG mediumMarineCricosphaera carterae UTEX LB1014

BG11Fresh waterChlorella vulgaris UTEX 2714

BG11Fresh waterChlorella saccharophila var. saccharophila UTEX 2469

BG11Fresh waterChlorella protothecoides UTEX 25

BG11Fresh waterBotryococcus braunii UTEX 572

Standard GrowthMediumFormStrain



Strains used for Preliminary Screening

BG11Fresh waterConsortium of native isolates from industrial wastewater

Modified BG mediumMarinePleurochrysis carterae CCMP 647

Modified BG mediumMarinePhaeodactylum tricornutum UTEX 646

Modified BG mediumMarineTetraselmis chuii UTEX LB232

Modified BG mediumMarineTetraselmis suecica UTEX LB2286

Modified CFTRIFresh waterSpirulina maxima UTEX LB2342

Standard GrowthMediumFormStrain



Preliminary Screening:Changes inChlorophyll Content (%) during 10 days growth

Growth Response of Microalgae in Industrial Wastewater

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Bb Cp Cs Cv Cc Dt No Sp Sm Ts Tc Pt Pc NI

Strains

C h a n g e s i n C h l o r o p h y l l a c o n t e n t ( % )

Standard Growth Medium Treated Wastewater Raw Wastewater

Changes in chlorophyll content (%) of various strains of Changes in chlorophyll content (%) of various strains of microalgae grown in industrial wastewatermicroalgae grown in industrial wastewater



0.00

0.05

0.10

0.150.20

0.25

0.30

0 4 8 12

Days

Standard Grow th MediumTreated w astew aterRaw w astew ater

Biomass

Time dependent changes in biomass content of B.braunii

grown in industrial wastewater



0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0 4 8 12

Days

Standard Grow th Medium

Treated w astew aterRaw w astew ater

Time dependent changes in biomass content ofC.saccharophila grown in industrial wastewater

Biomass



0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.450.50

0 4 8 12

Days

Standard Grow th Medium

Treated w astew aterRaw w astew ater

Biomass

Time dependent changes in biomass content of D.tertiolecta




0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0 4 8 12

Days

B i o m a s s

( m g / m

l )


Biomass

Time dependent changes in biomass content of P.carterae




Time dependent changes in biomass of consortium of natural

isolates grown in industrial wastewater

0.000.100.20

0.300.400.500.600.700.800.90

0 4 8 12

Days


Biomass



Summary

Growth performance of strains Botryococccus braunii and Chlorella saccharophila was better in treated wastewater thanstandard growth medium and raw wastewater in terms of biomass production

Species belonging to Chlorophyta (green algae) and

Cyanophyta (blue green algae) dominate carpet industrywastewater

Consortium of native isolates of carpet industry wastewatershowed great potential for biomass production

Treated carpet industry wastewater used in the experimentis a good growth medium for microalgae cultivation



Future Work

Detailed studies on seasonal variation in speciescomposition in the treated wastewater

Standardization of ideal consortium composition forcultivation of algae in wastewater for biomass and biofuelsproduction

Continuous scale studies with various levels of CO 2 to

evaluate biomass and lipid production of selected algalcultures and mixed consortium of native isolates usingcarpet industry wastewater



Ackn ow ledg em en t s :

Dalton Utilities, Dalton for funding support

Mark Marlowe, Dalton Utilities---------Ryan W HuntAndrew DunnBrian Gandy

Praveen KolarUmakanth JenaBiorefining and Carbon Cycling Program

Department of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringThe University of Georgia

09-microalgal biomass production chin nasa my

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