Project Scheduling 1 

Prepared by Sebghatullah Karimi(Junior Lecturer of Kabul Polytechnic University)

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Kardan UniversityCivil Engineering Faculty

Explain how scheduling is used in the pre-construction, construction, and post-construction phases of a project.Explain the configuration and uses of a bar chart.Explain the configuration and uses of a network diagram.

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• Scheduling is the process of listing a number of duties or events in the sequence that they will occur.

• It is a timetable, and it formulates the activities that must be accomplished to reach a certain goal or objective.

• Schedules establish the start, duration, and completion date of a project or a task.

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Partial occupancy – The practice of allowing the owner to begin occupying the facility while construction is still underway.Bar chart (Gantt chart) – A simple diagram showing project activities depicted as horizontal bars arranged along a time line.Network-based schedule – A more complex and sophisticated project schedule depicting project activities arranged in a network, representing the logical relationships between activities.

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Scheduling is critically important during the pre-construction, construction, and post-construction phases of a project.

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While a project is still being designed, the owner needs to know if the project can be completed on time. To obtain project financing, the owner must generally establish firm commitments with the end user of the project. For example, in the case of a highway, the owner (the government) makes a firm commitment with the user (the public) to complete the highway by a certain date. If the project is a commercial shopping center, the owner makes a commitment with private retail tenants that the facility will be ready for occupancy at a specified time.

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• A carefully prepared project schedule is the only practical way to accurately predict whether the required completion date is actually attainable. This schedule must accurately identify all tasks required to be completed on a project. It must determine the duration of each task and place all tasks into a correct, logical sequence.

• The scheduling process during the pre-construction stage should be viewed as an opportunity to think through all aspects of project planning, prior to the actual construction. This process provides an opportunity for all parties to visualize the process and to make all necessary project coordination.

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Project schedules are not only useful during the pre-construction stage; they are also essential to the successful coordination of day-to-day construction activities. Material deliveries and the utilization of equipment and people are all managed through the schedule. As a project progresses, delays inevitably occur. The project manager's job is to deal effectively with these delays and to anticipate them as much as possible. It is the intelligent response to bad weather, failures, strikes, design errors, or omissions that separates a well-managed project from a poorly managed one.

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As a project nears completion the end user of the facility becomes more involved in the construction process. Most projects require testing and acceptance of equipment, training of the people who will ultimately use and maintain the equipment on the project, and the correction of deficiencies included in the project punchlist.

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The bar chart, or Gantt chart, is graphically the simplest of the scheduling methods.

The bar chart is frequently used in the planning stage of a project by owners, designers, and construction professionals to quickly examine the overall timing on a project.

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In its simplest form, the bar chart can depict a project in terms of just three major activities (each represented by a bar)—design, bid and award, and construction. A somewhat more detailed bar chart, representing seven activities (procure formwork, mobilize, lay out footings, excavate footings, concrete formwork, set base plates, and erect steel).

The Gantt chart effectively communicates the following important facts about the project:

The planned overall length of the projectThe planned duration of each project componentThe calendar start and finish dates for each project phase

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The most powerful tool for construction project scheduling is the network schedule. A network schedule depicts all of the work to be performed on the project as a series of activities, each of which is a well-defined item of work. Each activity is assigned a duration (how long the activity will take in hours, days, or weeks), and all activities are connected together in a network diagram that fully depicts the logical relationships between activities.

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Mobilize

Layout Footing

Excavation Footing

Forms and Concrete Erect Steel

Procure Formwork

Procure Steel

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MobilizeLayout footing

Excavate footing

Forms and concrete

Erect steel

Procure Formwork

Procure steel

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