08.6 abbreviations
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Abbreviations Descriptions
1X From cdma2000 1X (IS-2000). First phase of 3G for cdma2000 networks.
1XEVFrom cdma2000 1X EV (IS-2000 B). Evolutionary phase for 3G for cdma2000 networks. Divided into two phases: 1XEV-
DO (Data Only) and 1XEV-DV (Data and Voice.)
3GAbbreviation for Third Generation - the collective name used to describe mobile systems able to support a wide range ofMobile Internet services, operating with greater bandwidth.
3GPPThe Third Party Partnership Project, set up to expedite the development of open, globally-accepted technical specifications
for UMTS.
3GPP2The Third Party Partnership Project set up to expedite the development of open, globally-accepted technical specifications
for cdma2000.
A
AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
AAU Alarm Adapter Unit
ABR Area Border Routers
AC Alternating Current
A/D Analog to Digital Converter
ACAP Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarisation
ACCP Adjacent Channel Co-Polarisation
ACF Alarm and Control Function
ACL Access Control List
ACU Alarm Collection Unit
ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer
AFC Automatic Frequency Control
AGC Automatic Gain Control
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
ALC Automatic Level Control
ALI
ATM Line Interface. Interface between ATM and 3G systems. ATM is one of the transport network technologies being used
to connect next generation communications networks, where wire line and wireless are integrated.ALM External alarm input/output
AP Alternating Polarisation
ALS Automatic Laser Control
AM Amplitude Modulation
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APIApplication Programming Interface. An open interface that makes it easier for third party developers to create new
applications
APS Automatic Protection Switching
ARIB Association of Radio Industry Business, the standards-setting body for Japan.
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASF Alignment Switch Function
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASP Application Service Provider
ATDE Adaptive Time Domain Equalizer
ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode - a type of networking that supports high bandwidth throughput and simultaneous transfer of
voice, video and data.ATPC Automatic Transmitter Power Control
ATT Attenuator
AU Administrative Unit, SDH
AU Access Unit ( NetLink )
AUC/ACAuthentication Centre - part of the Home Location Register (HLR) in 3G systems, this performs computations to verify and
authenticate the user of mobile phones.
AUG Administrative Unit Group
AUI Attachment Unit Interface
AUX Auxiliary functions
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B
Backbone Is a larger transmission line that connects smaller lines together carrying data and information.
BandwidthIs the measure of range of frequencies that a communications signal occupies. It is directly proportional to the amount of datatransmitted or received per a specific rate of time.
BER Bit Error Rate
BIP-8 Bit Interleave Parity, 8 bit
BIP-24 Bit Interleaved Parity, 24 bit
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
Broadband Is telecommunication that provides multiple channels of data over a single medium or source.
BS Base Station
BSCBase Station Controller. A key network node in 3G systems that supervises the functioning and control of multiple Base
Transceiver Stations
BTSBase Transceiver Station. The equipment housed in cabinets and co-located with antennas. Cabinets include heating and air-
conditioning units, electrical supply, telephony connection and back-up power. (Also known as Radio Base Station.)
C
C Container
CA Controlled Attenuator
CAMELCustomized Application of Mobile Enhance Logic - an ETSI standard for GSM networks that enhances the provision of IN
(Intelligent Network) services.
CAP CAMEL Application Part
CB Control Board
CCDP Co-Channel Dual Polarised
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access. A technology for digital transmission of radio signals between, for example, a mobile
telephone and a radio base station. In CDMA, a frequency is divided using codes, rather than in time or through frequency
separation. Implemented in 800 and 1900 MHz systems around the world.
CDMA2000
CDMA2000 is a radio transmission technology and backbone technology for the evolution of CDMAOne/IS-95 to 3G. CDR
Call Data Recording - a feature in a telephone system that allows it to collect and record information on incoming and
outgoing calls.
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunication Administrations
CIR Committed Information Rate
CIT Craft Interface Terminal (CompactLink)
C/I Carrier to Interference ratio
CLECThe Competitive Local Exchange Carrier is a company that competes with the already established local telephone business
by providing it's own network and switching.CLK Clock
CMI Coded Mark Inversion, line format
CORBACommon Object Request Broker Architecture - provides standard object-oriented interfaces between ORBs (Object Request
Broker), as well as to external applications and application platforms.
COS Class of Service
CPE Customer Premise Equipment
CPU Central Processor Unit
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CS Channel Spacing
CSMA/CA
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance is a protocol for carrier transmission in 802.11 networks. UnlikeCSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) which deals with transmissions after a collision has occurred,
CSMA/CA acts to prevent collisions before they happen.In CSMA/CA, as soon as a node receives a packet that is to be sent,it checks to be sure the channel is clear (no other node is transmitting at the time). If the channel is clear, then the packet is
sent. If the channel is not clear, the node waits for a randomly chosen period of time, and then checks again to see if the
channel is clear.
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection
CW Continuous Wave
D
dB
The Decibel is a unit of comparison, in which the ratio of two power values are expressed using a logarithmic scale usuallyto the base 10. Although the dB is a unit of comparison it is sometimes useful to have an agreed reference point.
A common reference is 1mW, which is expressed as 0dBm. 1 Watt equals 3 0 dBm, Consequently 2W, the typical
maximum power of a GSM handset, is rated as 33dBm
Cables and cable connectors induce signal loss, while antennas are designed to introduce signal gain. These products cite aloss or gain rating in product specs. A loss of -3 dB cuts power (mW) in half, while a gain of +3 dB doubles power.
A -10 dB loss reduces power to one tenth, while a +10 dB gain increase power ten times.
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DC Direct Current
DCC Data Communication Channel, in SDH; DCCm = D4-D12 and DCCr = D1-D3
DDOS Distributed DOS
DEMOD Demodulator
DEMUX Demultiplexer
DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer
DF-SP Dual Frequency Single Polarisation
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIL Dual In Line
DIP Dual In Line Package
DM Degraded Minutes
DOS Denial of Service
DRO Dielectric Resonator Oscillator
DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency
DXC Digital Cross Connect
DS 1 Name of a 1,5 Mb/s signal in a Sonet network
DS 3 Name of a 45 Mb/s signal in a Sonet network
E
ECC Embedded Control Channel
ECL Emitter Coupled Logic
EDGEEnhanced Data rates for Global Evolution. EDGE is a technology that gives GSM and TDMA similar capacity to handleservices for 3G. EDGE was developed to enable the transmission of large amounts of data at rates of 384kbit/s.
EEB Ethernet Extension Board
EIR
Equipment Identity Register. A database used to verify the validity of equipment being used in mobile networks. It can
provide security features such as blocking of calls from stolen mobile phones and preventing unauthorized access to the
network. Black-listed equipment prevents call completion.
EIRP
EIRP is the equivalent power of a transmitted signal in terms of an isotropic (omni directional) radiator. Normally the EIRP
equals the product of the transmitter power and the antenna gain (reduced by any coupling losses between the transmitter andantenna.)
EM Element Manager
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EMF Embedded Management Functions
EOW Engineering Order Wire
EPOC
This is an operating system for mobile multimedia terminals developed by Symbian (a joint-venture between Ericsson,
Matsushita, Nokia, Motorola and Psion).EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EQL Equalizer
ES Error Seconds
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
ESSID Extended Service Set ID
ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute - ETSI's purpose is to define standards that will enable the global market
for telecommunications to function as a single market.
EW Early Warning
E 1 Name of a 2 Mb/s signal in a SDH network according to ETSI.
E 3 Name of a 34 Mb/s signal in a SDH network according to ETSI.
F
FAT Factory Acceptance Test
FB Filter Bank
FCC The Federal Communications Commission is a government agency which regulates communications.FDD
Frequency Division Duplex
FEC Forward Error Correction
FET Field Effect Transistor
Fiber optic Is the technology associated with the transmission of information as light impulses along a glass or plastic wire or fiber.
Fiber ringIs a circular pattern of fibre optic cables typically localised to transmit data and information at very high speeds over a short
distance within a specific region.
FIR-filter Finite Impulse Response-filter
FM Frequency Modulation
FSC Frame check sum (CRC)
FTP File Transfer Protocol, used when large files (programs) is transferred.
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G
GaAs Gallium Arsenide
GFP Generic Framing Protocol
GGSNGateway GPRS Support Node. One of the two main GPRS nodes, which provides the interface between the radio network
and the IP network.
GHz Gigahertz is a unit of alternating current or electromagnetic wave frequency equal to one thousand million hertz.
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service - an enhancement for GSM and TDMA core networks that introduces packet data
transmission. GPRS uses radio spectrum very efficiently and provides users with "always on" connectivity and greater
bandwidth.
GSMGlobal System for Mobile communication - the largest digital mobile standard in use today. Implemented in 400MHz,
900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands.
GTPGPRS Tunnelling Protocol - creates a secure connection in the IP environment, by encapsulating encrypted data in an IP
packet.
H
HA Home Agent. One of three nodes in a CDMA2000 Packet Core Network (PCN.)
HBER High Bit Error RateHDB3 High Density Bipolar (max 3 0)
Hertz Is the unit of frequency such as an AC current changing state or cycle once per second.
HSB Hot Stand By
HIDS Host Intrusion Detection System
HLRHome Location Register. A permanent database used in mobile systems to identify subscribers and to contain subscriber data
related to features and services.
I
ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
IDU Indoor Unit
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
I/O Input/Output
IETFInternet Engineering Task Force - one of two technical working bodies of the Internet Activities Board, tasked with
developing new TCP/IP standards for the Internet.
IF Intermediate Frequency
IFU InterFace Unit
IMT-2000
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000. The ITU initiative for standardising radio access to the globaltelecommunications infrastructure, through both satellite and terrestrial systems, serving fixed and mobile users in public and
private networks - in other words, 3G.
INIntelligent Network - the capability in a public telecom network that allows new services to be developed quickly and
introduced on any scale.
IOS Interoperability Standard. The standard used to define open interfaces in cdmaOne and CDMA2000 networks
IP Internet Protocol - data protocol used in the Internet.
IPSec One of the most widely used IP tunnelling security protocols.
Ipv4 Internet Protocol version four - the version of IP most commonly deployed today.
Ipv6Internet Protocol version six - which will, among other things, add significantly to the address capacity, security and real-time capability of IP.
IS-136 The standard behind TDMA networks
IS-2000 Standard for CDMA2000
IS-95 Specification used for air interface of cdmaOne networks
ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network. A digital public telecommunications network in which multiple services (voice, data,images and video) can be provided via standard terminal interfaces.
ISP Internet Service Provider
ITSP Internet Telephony Service Provider
ITUInternational Telecommunications Union - the part of the United Nations responsible for co-ordinating global
telecommunications activities, especially in the area of standards.
ITU-R International Telecom. Union (former CCIR)
ITU-T International Telecom. Union (former CCITT)
Iu UMTS interface between the core network and the RAN (radio access network).
IWF Interworking Function for CDMA data using Simple IP.
L
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LAN Local Area Network
LBER Low Bit Error Rate
LBO Line Build Out (CompactLink)
LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LCT Local Craft Terminal
LD Level Detector
LECThe Local Exchange Carrier is a term used to describe the public telephone company in the US providing local telephony
services.
LED Light Emitting Diode
LFE Linear Forward Equalizer
LIF Line Interface
LIU Line Interface Unit
LLF Link Loss Failure
LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Service uses microwave signals to transmit and receive data.
LMS Least Mean Square
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
LO Local Oscillator
LOF Loss Of Frame
LOH Line OverHead (LOH is a SONET term with same meaning as MSOH in SDH networks)
LOPT Low Order Path TerminationLOS Loss Of Signal
LPF Low Pass Filter
LR Line Receive
LT Line Transmit
M
MAC Media Access Control
MAPMobile Application Part. Part of the SS7 protocol used in GSM. MAP standards address registration of roamers and
intersystem hand-off procedures.
Mbps Millions of bits per second are a unit of measurement for the transmission of data to determine the amount of bandwidth.
MC Micro Controller
MCF Message Communication Function
MGC Manual Gain Control
MGwMedia Gateway - a network node that enables a variety of circuit-switched services to interoperate with packet-based IP
networks.
MHz Megahertz is a unit of alternating current or electromagnetic wave frequency equal to one million cycles per second.
MIB Management Information Base
Microwave Is electromagnetic energy having a frequency higher than one Ghz corresponding to wavelengths shorter than 30 centimetres.
MIL-STD Military Standard
MIR Maximum Information Rate
MLA Microwave Link Analyzer
MLE Maximum Level Error
MLM Multi-Longitudinal Mode
MMF Multi-Mode Fibre
MMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit
MOD Modulator
MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching. An evolving standard for speeding up IP-based data communications over ATM networks.
MS Multiplex Section
MSCMobile Switching Centre - a switch providing services and co-ordination between mobile users in a mobile network and
external networks.
MSOH Multiplex Section Overhead
MSP Multiplex Section ProtectionMST Multiplex Section Termination
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MUX Multiplexer
N
N/C Normally Closed
NE Network Element
NEW-NMSNera Element vieW-Network Management System. A NERA proprietary radio-element and subnetwork management PC-
program
NI Network Interface
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NIDS Network Intrusion Detection System
NMS Network Management System
NNI Network Node Interface
N/O Normally open
NRZ Non Return to Zero
O
1 RU 1 Rack Unit (= 44mm)
OC-3 Optical Carrier level 3 = 155Mbit/s (OC-1 level 1 = 51.84 Mbit/s)ODU Outdoor Unit
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingO&M Operations & Maintenance. Support for the day to day running of a network.
OOF Out Of Frame
OR Optical Regenerator
OSA Open System Architecture - enables seamless transfer of information between different systems.
OSC Oscillator
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
OSS Operations Support System. Methods & procedures that directly support the daily operation of telecoms network.
OT Optical Terminal
P
PABX Private Automatic Branch eXchange
PAL Programmable Array Logic
PBN Packet backbone network - the physical network carrying packet data (IP) traffic.
PBR Pressurizable type B, flange profile square
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCN Packet Core Network. Packet data network for CDMA2000.
PCS Personal Communications Services - the collective term for US mobile telephone services in the 1900MHz frequency band.
PDC Personal Digital Cellular - a Japanese standard for digital mobile telephony in the 800MHz and 1500MHz bands.
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDP Packet Data Protocol - network protocol for handling transfer of packet data.
PDR Pressurizable type D,flange profile rectangular
PDSN Packet Data Serving Node. One of three nodes in a CDMA2000 PCN.
PFI Payload FCS indicator
PING Packet Internet GrouperPLL Phase Locked Loop
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network. A mobile network established to provide services.
PLO Phase Locked Oscillator
POH Path Overhead
POP Post Office Protocol is an access point to the internet.
PPP Point to Point Protocol
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PRBC Primary Reference Clock
PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence
PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
PROT. CH. Protection Channel
PSCU Protection Switching Control Unit
PSK Phase Shift Keying
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PUI Peripheral Unit Interface
PVLAN Private VLAN
PXC PDH-X-Connect
PWM Pulse Width Modulation
PWR Power Supply
Q
QAM Quadrate Amplitude Modulation
QoSQuality of Service. A generic term that in IP networking refers to different levels of prioritisation of data packets over a
network.
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Qx Qx interface (TMN interface)
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R
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service - used in mobile networks to authenticate authorised users.
RAM Read Access Memory
RANRadio Access Network. The portion of a mobile network that handles subscriber access, including radio base stations and
concentration nodes.
RCL Receiver Carrier Level
RCVR Receiver
RDDU Receiver Data Distribution Unit
REG CH Regular Channel
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RIU Radio Interface Unit
RMA Return Material Authorization
RMON Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RMV / RST Remove / Reset (labelled in front of boards to InterLink)
RNC Radio Network Controller - manages the radio part of the network in UMTS.
ROHS Restriction on Hazardous Substances
RPS Radio Protection SwitchingRT Radio Receive
RRR Radio-Relay Regenerator
RRT Radio-Relay Terminal
RS Regenerator Section
RSL Receiver input Signal Level
RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead
RST Regenerator Section Termination
RT Radio Transmit
RTT Radio Transmission Technology
RU Relay Unit
Rx Receiver
S
SAW-filter Surface Acoustic Wave
SCADA Supervision,Control And Data AquisitionSDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SEC Synchronisation Equipment Clock
SES Severely Errored Seconds
SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source
SERV Service function (plug-in unit)
SF-DP Single Frequency - Dual Polarisation
SGSNServing GPRS Support Node. The SGSN handles the data traffic of users in a geographical service area and is one of the two
types of node implemented in a GPRS environment.
SIC Serial Interface Controller
SLA Service Level Agreement
SMF Single Mode Fibre
SMS Short Message Service -- mobile-to-mobile text messaging in GSM
SMS-C Short Message Service Centre. Handles management of incoming and outgoing SMS.
SNCP Sub Network Connection Protection
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SOH Section Overhead
SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork(U.S. version of SDH)SORP SDH Overhead & Radio Processor
SPAN Switched Port Analyzer
Spectrum Is the amount or capacity of electromagnetic wavelengths that can be used at a given time.
SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope (An STS frame consist of Transport OverHead and the SPE)
SSB Single Sideband
SSM Synchronisation Status Message (S1 byte)
SSS SDH Supervisory System
SSU Synchronisation Supply Unit
STM-0 A subset of STM-1 (generally 51.84 Mb/s but may also be 55.296 Mb/s)
STM-1 Synchronous Transport Module (1 means 1x 155Mb/s)
SU Subscriber Unit ( NetLink )
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SU Supervisory Unit
SVCE SerVice Channel (used to define the voice channel circuit board)
T
TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System
TBD To Be Decided
TCM Trellis Coded Modulation
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Usually abbreviated to IP, the 'language' used by the Internet.
TDM1 Tributary Data Mapper 1
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access - a digital radio technique that divides radio spectrum between users using "timeslots", ratherthan (only) frequency separation or codes, used in GSM and TDMA (IS-136) mobile networks. TDMA is also the term used
to describe the digital enhancement of the AMPS analog standard, formerly known as D-AMPS (Digital Advanced Multiple
Access).
TelephonyIs the service associated with the transmission of data and information over distances between parties using systems
historically associated with the telephone company.
Telnet Telecommunications network
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TIA Telecommunications Industry Association - a US telecoms standards body.
TMForum The Telecommunicaitons Management Forum - an industry body working to encourage and develop global standards fortelecoms management systems.
TMN Telecommunication Management Network
TRIB1 TRibutary Interface Block 1
TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic
TU Tributary Unit
TUG Tributary Unit Group
Tx Transmitter
T 1 Name of a 1,5 Mb/s signal in a Sonet network
T 3 Name of a 45 Mb/s signal in a Sonet network
U
UAT Unavailable Time
UBR Unpressurizable type B,flange profile square
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - a 3G standard, being developed under the auspices of ETSI, and intended
mainly for the evolution of GSM networks.
USB Universal Serial Bus
USC User Service Centre.
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network - the name of the WCDMA radio network in UMTS.
V
VC Virtual Container
VCCAT Virtual concatenation
VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
VCXO Voltage Controlled X-tal Oscillator
VHE
Virtual Home Environment. Home Environment (HE) is a term used to describe the service provider (operator or ISP).Virtual Home Environment is a concept for personalised service portability across network boundaries and between
terminals. Users are consistently presented with the same personalised features, user interface and services in any network
and on any terminal (within the capabilities of the terminal), wherever the user may be located.
VLSI Very Large Scale IntegrationVoIP Voice over Internet Protocol. A technology for transmitting voice calls over IP-based networks. Also called IP telephony.
VPNVirtual Private Network - a "private" communications network that uses public network resources, for example tointerconnect PBXs and LANs.
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
W
WAN Wide Area Network
WAPWireless Application Protocol - a protocol that enables Internet services to be delivered to small-screen mobile devices. WAP
is the first step towards true Mobile Internet, and was initiated by Ericsson.
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access - the radio interface technology that will be used in most 3G systems around the
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world. WCDMA is optimised to support multiple high-speed mobile multimedia services such as full-motion video, Internet
access and videoconferencing.
WEEE Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy is a security protocol that is designed to provide a wireless local area network (WLAN) with a
level of security and privacy comparable to what is usually expected of a wired LAN.
WINWireless Intelligent Networking. A TIA standard for ANSI-41 networks that enhances the provision of IN (Intelligent
Network) services.
Wireless Is communications in which electromagnetic waves carry a signal through atmospheric space rather than along a wire.
WLL Wireless Local Loop
X
XCVR Transmitter/Receiver
XIF XPIC Improvement Factor
XMTR Transmitter
XPIC Cross Polar Interference Canceller
XSU XMTR Switch Unit