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The Cosmic Perspective, 7e (Bennett et al.)

Chapter 7 Our Planetary System

7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) How does the Sun's mass compare with that of the planets?A) t is a hundred times more massi!e than "arth.

#) t is a thousand times more massi!e than "arth.

C) t is a hundred times more massi!e than all the planets com$ined.%) t is a thousand times more massi!e than all the planets com$ined.

") t is a$out as massi!e as all the planets com$ined.

Answer& %

) (here does nuclear fusion occur in the Sun?

A) on the surface

#) anwhere $elow the surface

C) in its core%) *ust a$o!e the !isi$le surface

") all of the a$o!eAnswer& C

+) (hich planet has the hi,hest averagesurface temperature and wh?A) Mercur $ecause it is closest to the Sun

#) Mercur $ecause of its dense car$on dioide atmosphere

C) /enus $ecause of its dense car$on dioide atmosphere

%) Mars $ecause of its red color") 0upiter $ecause it is so $i,

Answer& C

) 2he most metal-rich terrestrial planet is

A) Mercur.

#) /enus.C) "arth.

%) the Moon.

") Mars.

Answer& A

3) (hich planet other than "arth has !isi$le water ice on it?

A) Mercur#) /enus

C) the Moon

%) Mars") 0upiter

Answer& %

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Copri,ht 4 51 6earson "ducation nc.


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) 6luto is different from the outer planets in all of the followin, was except which one?

A) ts surface temperature is !er cold.

#) t is made mostl of ices.C) ts or$it is not !er close to $ein, circular.

%) t has few moons.

") t doesn't ha!e rin,s.Answer& A

7) (hich of the followin, is farthest from the Sun?

A) 6luto

#) 8eptune

C) an asteroid in the asteroid $elt%) a comet in the 9uiper $elt

") a comet in the :ort cloud

Answer& "

;) (hich of the followin, o$ser!ations indicates that conditions on Mars ma ha!e $een suita$le

for life in the past?A) 2here are !er lar,e etinct !olcanoes on Mars.

#) 2here is a !er deep and lon, canon that etends across Mars.

C) 2here are dried-up ri!er$eds on Mars.

%) Mars has polar caps made of


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11) (hat is aerobraking?

A) the techniue of usin, a planetar atmosphere to chan,e the or$it of a spacecraft

#) the use of a planetar atmosphere to redirect a spacecraft to another planetC) the controlled landin, of a spacecraft on a planetar surface

%) the ,radual decrease of speed as a spacecraft lea!es the solar sstem

") the destruction of a spacecraft $ the intense pressure as it descends into the atmosphereAnswer& A

1) (hich of the followin, is not an ad!anta,e of spacecraft fl$s o!er ,round-$ased telescopeo$ser!ations?

A) Spacecraft can sample the ,ra!itational field of a planet.

#) Spacecraft can !iew


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1) 2he planet closest in siBe to "arth is

A) Mercur.

#) /enus.C) the Moon.

%) Mars.

") 6luto.Answer& #

17) (hich of the followin, is nota characteristic of the inner planets?A) 2he are relati!el smaller than the outer planets.

#) 2he all ha!e solid roc surfaces.

C) 2heir or$its are relati!el closel spaced.

%) 2he all ha!e su$stantial atmospheres.") 2he ha!e !er few if an satellites.

Answer& %

1;) (hich of the followin, is nota characteristic of the outer planets?A) 2he ha!e !er few if an satellites.

#) 2he are all lar,e $alls of ,as.C) 2he are primaril made of hdro,en and helium.

%) 2heir or$its are separated $ relati!el lar,e distances.

") 2he all ha!e rin,s.Answer& A

1=) (hat are the main constituents of the *o!ian planets?A) roc minerals and water as on "arth

#) hdro,en and helium

C) ammonia and methane%) ammonia and water

") nitro,en and methane

Answer& #

5) (here are most of the nown asteroids found?

A) $etween the or$its of Mars and 0upiter

#) in the 9uiper $eltC) in the :ort cloud

%) $etween the or$its of the *o!ian planets

") $etween the or$its of the terrestrial planetsAnswer& A

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1) How do asteroids differ from comets?

A) Asteroids are roc $odies and are denser than the comets which are made of ic material.

#) Asteroids are roc $odies and are less dense than the comets which are made of icmaterial.

C) Asteroids are made of ic material and are denser than the comets which are more roc.

%) Asteroids are made of ic material and are less dense than the comets which are rocier.") Asteroids and comets are $oth made of roc and ic material $ut asteroids are smaller in

siBe than comets.

Answer& A

) #ased on the freuenc with which we see comets from "arth astronomers estimate the total

num$er of comets in the solar sstem to $e

A) 155 million.#) 1 $illion.

C) 15 $illion.

%) 155 $illion.

") 1 trillion.Answer& "

+) (hich of the followin, $est descri$es 6luto in terms of the ,eneral characteristics of

terrestrial and *o!ian planets?

A) siBe and densit similar to terrestrial planets@ distance and composition similar to *o!ianplanets

#) siBe and solid surface similar to terrestrial planets@ distance similar to *o!ian planets

C) siBe and distance similar to terrestrial planets@ ,aseous surface and composition similar to

*o!ian planets%) solid surface and densit similar to terrestrial planets@ temperature and composition similar to

*o!ian planets

") solid surface and temperature similar to terrestrial planets@ distance and densit similar to*o!ian planets

Answer& #

) Astronomers ha!e decided that rather than $ein, a planet 6luto is reall *ust a lar,e mem$er

of

A) the asteroid $elt.#) the 9uiper $elt.

C) the :ort cloud.

%) the moon sstem around 8eptune.") an etrasolar planetar sstem.

Answer& #

3) (hich of the followin, is not a pattern of motion in our solar sstem?

A) 6lanets all or$it in the same direction.

#) 6lanets all rotate in the same direction.

C) 6lanets all or$it the same direction as the Sun's spin.%) ar,e planets all ha!e man moons or$itin, them.

Answer& #

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7. 2rueDEalse Questions

1) :ceans co!er more of "arth's surface than land.

Answer& 2F>"

) All four of the ,iant outer planetsG0upiter Saturn >ranus and 8eptuneGha!e rin,s.

Answer& 2F>"

+) 2he *o!ian planets ha!e no solid surface.

Answer& 2F>"

) 2he planet >ranus held a special place in the mtholo, of the ancient Fomans.Answer& EAS"

3) All planets or$it the Sun in the same direction counterclocwise as !iewed from a$o!e

"arth's 8orth 6ole).Answer& 2F>"

) All the planets in the solar sstem ha!e at least one moon.

Answer& EAS"

7) All comets or$it the Sun in the same direction as the planets.

Answer& EAS"

;) 2he more massi!e planets in the solar sstem tend to $e lessdense than the lower massplanets.

Answer& 2F>"

7.+ Short Answer Questions

1) (hat is comparative planetology and what is its $asic premise?Answer& Comparati!e planetolo, is the approach we use to stud and understand our solar

sstem. t in!ol!es comparin, the worlds of our sstem includin, planets moons asteroids and

comets to one another. ts $asic premise is that the similarities and differences amon, the worlds

can $e traced to common phsical processes.

) n the 1;55s man people assumed that /enus would ha!e tropical temperatures $ut insteadit is !er hot. "plain wh tropical temperatures would ha!e made sense ,i!en what was nown

in the 1;55s and wh /enus instead turns out to $e !er hot.

Answer& f /enus had an atmosphere similar to oursGa reasona$le assumption in the 1;55sGitwould ha!e tropical temperatures. #ut instead it has a thic car$on dioide atmosphere that

causes a !er stron, ,reenhouse effect thus eplainin, its !er hot surface.

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+) (hat are some of the thin,s that mae "arth uniue in the solar sstem?

Answer& t is the onl planet with an o,en-rich atmosphere and liuid water on its surface

althou,h there are hints that there ma $e liuid water on some of the moons around the *o!ianplanets). ts surface temperature is such that water can eist in three phases& solid liuid and

,aseous. Compared to its siBe "arth also has $ far the lar,est moon in the solar sstem so

much so that some astronomers consider it a dou$le planet. Einall "arth is the onl planet wenow of that har$ors life.

) #riefl summariBe the differences $etween terrestrial and *o!ian planets.Answer& 2errestrial planets are metallic or roc in composition close to the Sun ha!e hi,her

a!era,e densit ha!e a solid surface are warmer at the surface and ha!e few if an moons.

*o!ian planets are ,aseous in composition lower in densit ha!e no solid surface are farther

from the Sun and ha!e rin,s and moons.

For the following questions, classify the spacecraft in one of these categories:

A. "arth or$iter #. fl$ C. planetar or$iter %. lander

3) Hu$$le Space 2elescopeAnswer& A

) the main part of theGalileospacecraft i.e. notits atmospheric pro$e)Answer& C

7) Curiosity

Answer& %

;) Voyager 2

Answer& #

Choose from these spacecraft in the following questions

A.!agellan #.Voyager 2 C."pollo ## %. Galileo ". Viking #, 2

=) !isited all four ,iant planets $etween 1=7= and 1=;=

Answer& #

15) mapped most of the surface of /enus with radar o$ser!ations from /enusian or$it

Answer& A

11) carried the first humans to the Moon on 0ul 5 1==

Answer& C

1) dropped a pro$e into 0upiter on %ecem$er 7 1==3

Answer& %

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1+) landed on Mars in 1=7

Answer& "

Choose from the spacecraft below for the following questions:

A. Curiosity #.$ew %ori&on C. Cassini %.%ubble 'pace (elescope ". Galileo orbiter

1) used a s crane to lower itself to the surface of Mars

Answer& A

13) carried a pro$e that landed on 2itan

Answer& C

1) is soon to $ecome the first spacecraft to fl $ 6luto

Answer& #

17) has $een collectin, hi,h-resolution ima,es of 0upiter and its moons since 1==3Answer& "

1;) is currentl in or$it around Saturn

Answer& C

1=) the onl spacecraft listed that remains in "arth's or$it

Answer& %

5))rocess of 'cience& n order for us to understand how the solar sstem ,ot to $e that wa itis we must identif the ma*or solar sstem patterns that our formation theor must eplain.

8ame + patterns of motion or planetar arran,ementDlocation that our theor should $e a$le to

eplain.Answer&

1. 6lanets or$it in the same direction.

. :r$ital direction is the same direction as the Sun's spin.+. Most planets spin the same direction that the or$it.

. #i,,er planets are in the outer solar sstem.

3. ar,e planets ha!e man moons.

. 6lanets lie in approimatel the same plane.

1))rocess of 'cience& 6luto is no lon,er considered a planet. "plain the new disco!eries that

led to this chan,e.Answer& n recent ears astronomers ha!e found numerous other $odies that or$it $eond the

or$it of 8eptune. 2hese so-called 9uiper #elt o$*ects share similar properties in $ein, round ic

$odies and one is nown to $e lar,er than 6luto. (e now reco,niBe that 6luto is *ust one of alar,e collection of o$*ects in the Solar Sstem rather the uniue indi!idual $odies that are the

planets.

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))rocess of 'cience& "plain the !aried was in which we continue to eplore the Solar

Sstem.

Answer& (e learned a$out the nature of planets throu,h o$ser!ations of their motions with ouree and telescopes. (e continue to stud the planets and other Solar Sstem o$*ects with ,round-

$ased telescopes $ut also use space telescopes and spacecraft. Humans ha!e landed on the Moon

and returned with lunar samples. Fo$otic spacecraft ha!e !isited all the planets and pro!ided ourmost detailed ima,es of them as well as in some cases sent pro$es to their surfaces or to into

their atmospheres.

7. Masterin, Astronom Feadin, QuiB

1) Suppose ou !iew the solar sstem from hi,h a$o!e "arth's 8orth 6ole. (hich of thefollowin, statements a$out planetar or$its will $e true?

A) All the planets or$it counterclocwise around the Sun.

#) 2he inner planets or$it the Sun counterclocwise while the outer planets or$it the Sunclocwise.

C) All the planets ecept >ranus or$it the Sun counterclocwise@ >ranus or$its in the opposite

direction.%) 2he inner planets or$it the Sun clocwise while the outer planets or$it the Sun

counterclocwise.

Answer& A

) 2he terrestrial planets in our solar sstem are

A) Mercur /enus "arth and Mars.

#) 0upiter Saturn >ranus and 8eptune.C) Mercur /enus "arth Mars and 6luto.

%) 0upiter Saturn >ranus 8eptune 6luto and "ris.

Answer& A

+) 2he *o!ian planets in our solar sstem are

A) Mercur /enus "arth and Mars.#) 0upiter Saturn >ranus 8eptune 6luto and "ris.

C) 0upiter Saturn >ranus and 8eptune.

%) o "uropa Ianmede and Callisto.

Answer& C

) (hen we sa that *o!ian planets contain si,nificant amounts of hdro,en compounds we

mean all the followin, chemicals exceptA) water.

#) car$on dioide.

C) ammonia.%) methane.

Answer& #

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3) (hich of the followin, statements a$out the asteroid $elt is nottrue?

A) 2he com$ined mass of all the asteroids is rou,hl the same as the mass of "arth.

#) t is located $etween the or$its of Mars and 0upiter.C) Asteroids in the asteroid $elt or$it the Sun in the same direction that planets or$it the Sun.

%) Asteroids in the asteroid $elt are made mostl of roc.

Answer& A

) (hat is the*uiper$elt?

A) a re,ion of the solar sstem that etends almost a fourth of the wa to the nearest stars andcontains a trillion comets with or$its ,oin, in all directions around the Sun

#) a technical name for the asteroid $elt

C) the most prominent rin, of Saturn that is !isi$le in photo,raphs

%) a re,ion of the solar sstem $e,innin, *ust $eond the or$it of 8eptune that contains manic comets

Answer& %

7) (hat is the +ort clou?

A) t is not reall a cloud at all $ut rather refers to the trillion or so comets thou,ht to or$it theSun at ,reat distances.

#) t is another name for the cloud of ,as from which our solar sstem was $orn.

C) t is a ,reat cloud of ,as that resides far $eond the or$it of 6luto.

%) t is a ,iant storm in the atmosphere of Saturn.Answer& A

;) (hich of the followin, statements a$out our Sun is nottrue?A) 2he Sun is a star.

#) 2he Sun's diameter is a$out 3 times that of "arth.

C) 2he Sun contains more than ==J of all the mass in our solar sstem.%) 2he Sun is made mostl of hdro,en and helium.

Answer& #

=) (hich of the followin, is nottrue of Mercur?

A) t has $een studied closel $ se!eral 8ASA spacecraft.

#) At an ,i!en time a$out half the planet is colder than Antarctica.

C) ts surface is hea!il cratered.%) Mercur has essentiall no atmosphere.

Answer& A

15) (hich of the followin, statements a$out Mars is nottrue?

A) (e ha!e landed spacecraft on its surface.

#) t is considered part of our inner solar sstem.C) (e could sur!i!e on Mars without spacesuits as lon, as we $rou,ht o,en in scu$a tans.

%) t is froBen toda $ut once had flowin, water.

Answer& C

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11) 2he planet in our solar sstem with the hi,hest averagesurface temperature is

A) /enus.

#) Mercur.C) "arth.

%) 8eptune.

Answer& A

1) (hich *o!ian planet does notha!e rin,s?

A) 0upiter#) 8eptune

C) >ranus

%) Mars

") All the *o!ian planets ha!e rin,s.Answer& "

1+) (hich moons are sometimes called the Galileanmoons?

A) the four lar,est moons of 0upiter& o "uropa Ianmede and Callisto#) the two lar,est moons in the solar sstem& Ianmede and 2itan

C) the moons that or$it their planet ranus which was once named


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7.3 Masterin, Astronom Concept QuiB

1) (hich of the followin, is nota ma*or pattern of motion in the solar sstem?A) 8earl all comets or$it the Sun in same direction and rou,hl the same plane.

#) Most of the solar sstem's lar,e moons or$it in their planet's euatorial plane.

C) 2he Sun and most of the planets rotate in the same direction in which the planets or$it theSun.

%) All of the planets or$it the Sun in the same directionKcounterclocwise as !iewed from

a$o!e "arth's north pole.Answer& A

) (hich of the followin, is nota ma*or difference $etween the terrestrial and *o!ian planets in

our solar sstem?A) 2errestrial planets contain lar,e uantities of ice and *o!ian planets do not.

#) 2errestrial planets or$it much closer to the Sun than *o!ian planets.

C) 2errestrial planets are hi,her in a!era,e densit than *o!ian planets.

%) 0o!ian planets ha!e rin,s and terrestrial planets do not.Answer& A

+) Consider the followin, statement&


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) Compared to the distance $etween "arth and Mars the distance $etween 0upiter and Saturn is

A) a$out the same.

#) much lar,er.C) much smaller.

%) *ust sli,htl less.

Answer& #

7) How is "instein's famous euation-. mc important in understandin, the Sun?

A) t eplains the fact that the Sun ,enerates ener, to shine $ losin, some million tons of

mass each da.#) t eplains wh the Sun's surface temperature is a$out 555LC.

C) t eplains wh the Sun is so massi!e.

%) t eplains wh the Sun has a ma,netic field stron, enou,h influence the atmospheres of theplanets.

Answer& A

;) /enus has a hi,her a!era,e surface temperature than Mercur. (h?A) $ecause it is closer to the Sun

#) $ecause its surface is heated $ an etreme ,reenhouse effect

C) $ecause its surface is co!ered with hot la!a from numerous acti!e !olcanoes%) $ecause its slow rotation ,i!es it more time to heat up in sunli,ht

Answer& #

=) n what wa is /enus most similar to "arth?

A) #oth planets are nearl the same siBe.

#) #oth planets ha!e !er similar atmospheres.C) #oth planets ha!e similar surface ,eolo,.

%) #oth planets ha!e warm das and cool ni,hts.Answer& A

15) (hich of the followin, statements a$out the recentl-disco!ered o$*ect "ris is nottrue?

A) t is sli,htl lar,er than 6luto.

#) t lies well $eond 6luto and 8eptune.C) t is thou,ht to $e the first eample of a new class of o$*ect.

%) t or$its the Sun in the same direction as the other planets.

Answer& C

11) Mars has two moons that are most similar in character to

A) small asteroids.#) comets.

C) "arth's Moon.

%) particles in the rin,s of Saturn.Answer& A

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1) ma,ine that an alien spaceship crashed onto "arth. (hich statement would mostlikely$e

true?

A) 2he aliens' home world is another planet in our own solar sstem.#) 2he crash would create a noticea$le crater.

C) All the e!idence of the crash would $e uicl whised off $ the >.S. militar to Area 31 in

8e!ada.%) t would crash in the ocean.

Answer& %

1+) (hich planet listed $elow has the most etreme seasons?

A) >ranus

#) Mars

C) "arth%) 0upiter

Answer& A

1) n what wa is 6luto more lie a comet than a planet?A) t sometimes enters the inner solar sstem.

#) t has a lon, tail.C) t is made mostl of roc and ice.

%) t has a moon.

Answer& C

13) (h was it ad!anta,eous for the Voyagermission to consist of fl$s rather than or$iters?

A) Spacecraft main, fl$s can return to "arth more uicl than or$iters.

#) "ach indi!idual spacecraft was a$le to !isit more than one planet.C) t was easier for data to $e radioed $ac to "arth with fl$s than or$iters.

%) El$ spacecraft can ,et closer to a planet than an or$itin, spacecraft.

Answer& #

1) (h has 8ASA sent recent or$iters to Mars on tra*ectories that reuired them to sim

throu,h Mars's atmosphere

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