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Alexander the Great

Basileus of Macedon, Hegemon of the Hellenic League, Pharaoh of Egypt, Shahanshah of Persia

Alexander fighting Persian king Darius III. From Alexander Mosaic, from Pompeii, Naples, Naples National Archaeological Museum.

Reign 336-323 BC

Born July 20, 356 BC

Birthplace Pella, Macedon

Died June 10 or June 11, 323 BC (aged 32)

Place of death Babylon

Predecessor Philip II

Successor Alexander IV

Consort Roxana of BactriaStateira of Persia

Offspring Alexander IV

Father Philip II of Macedon

Mother Olympias of Epirus

Early life

• Alexander was the son of Macedonian King Phillip II. Since his childhood Homer's heroic poems were favourite books of the heir of throne. And Alexander considered Achilles, the hero of the Trojan War, and mythical athlete Hercules as his idols.

• He was later educated by a strict teacher, Leonidas.Leonidas focused a lot of Alexander's training on building his physical prowess and endurance and living a life of a soldier without kingly comforts.

• It was Aristotle who gave Alexander his most famous and important tutoring. The philosopher from Stageira was the foremost thinker of the period. A student of Plato, who in turn had been a student of Socrates, he now extended the illustrious chain by taking on Alexander as a student of his own.

苏格拉底 leonidas.

柏拉图 亚里士多德

Period of conquests

• Unify Greece• Alexander assumed the kingship of Macedon followi

ng the death of his father Philip II, who had unified most of the city-states of mainland Greece under Macedonian hegemony in a federation called the League of Corinth.After reconfirming Macedonian rule by quashing a rebellion of southern Greek city-states.

Period of conquests

• Conquer other countries• After staging a short but bloody excursion against M

acedon's northern neighbours, Alexander set out east against the , which he defeated and overthrew. His conquests included Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Egypt, Bactria and Mesopotamia, and he extended the boundaries of his own empire as far as Punjab, India.

Territory of empire of Alexander

Death

• On the afternoon of June 11, 323 BC, Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon. He was just one month short of attaining 33 years of age.

• Alexander died after twelve years of constant military campaigning, possibly a result of malaria, poisoning, typhoid fever, viral encephalitis or the consequences of alcoholism.

Influence

• Culture• His legacy and conquests lived on long after him and ushered i

n centuries of Greek settlement and cultural influence over distant areas. This period is known as the Hellenistic period, which featured a combination of Greek, Middle Eastern and Indian cult

ure.

• Laterature• Alexander himself featured prominently in the history and myth

of both Greek and non-Greek cultures. His exploits inspired a literary tradition in which he appeared as a legendary hero in the tradition of Achilles.