07/02/2014 - bioinstructionaldesign.weebly.com

07/02/2014

1

THE TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

1. Text.The basic elements for transfer an informationwhich has various types and forms of writing thatattempts to give attraction in deliveringinformation.

2. Media Audio

Helping deliver even more memorable notice tohelp increase interest on something offered. Kindof Audio types including background voice, music,or sound recordings and other. For exampleradios, tape recorders, language labs, and thelike.

3. Media Visual

Media that can provide visual stimuli such aspictures / photos, sketches, diagrams, charts,graphs, cartoons, posters, bulletin boards andother

THE TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

4. Projection Motion Media.Including motion film, roll on films, TV programs, video tapes (CD, VCD, or DVD).

5. Artificial objects / miniatureSuch as three-dimensional objects that can be touched and palpated by students. The media is designed to overcome the limitations of both objects and situations so that the learning process keep running properly.

6. Humans.This includes teachers, students, or specialists / experts inthe field / certain materials.

MEDIA USED REGULARLY IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING

1. Visual MediaVisual media serves to distribute messagesfrom the source to the receiver. Messages tobe delivered poured into visual symbols. Inaddition, the function of the visual media is toattract attention, serving to clarify ideas,illustrate or embellish facts that may bequickly forgotten if not visualized.

EXAMPLE OF VISUAL MEDIA

The benefits or advantages of an image or photo as amedium of learning are:

• Give the appearance concretely• Images can overcome the limitation of space and time• Images or photos can overcome the limitations of our

observations• Can clarify the matter, in any field and for any age level.• Low cost and easy to obtain and use without requiring

special equipment

1. Picture Or Photo


Sketch is picture which is rough draft thatpresents essentially part without detail.Sketches in addition to attract the attention ofparticipants or students can also avoidverbalism and can clarify the delivery ofmessages.

2. Sketch


• Serves as simplifiers for something complex so itcould clarify the delivery of the message. The formof diagrams in general are guidelines.

• The characteristics of a good diagram is:– Properly, neatly drawn, given the title, labels and

explanations necessary– Large enough and strategically placed

• Drafting adjusted to the general pattern of reading,from left to right and from top to bottom.

3. Diagram

07/02/2014

2

EXAMPLE OF VISUAL MEDIA4. ChartConsists of:1. Chart that presents the message gradually, such as flipchart and

hidden chart, 2. chart that presents a direct message such as tree chart, flow

chart, time line chart.

Serves to present the ideas or concepts that are difficult tounderstand when simply written, orally, or conveyedvisually. Chart also able to provide summary of importantpoints from presentation. In the chart we usuallyencounter other types of visual media such as images,diagrams, or verbal symbols.

Characteristics of chart as a good media :• can be understood by the reader• Simple and straightforward• Substituted at certain times in order to keep

abreast of changing times and not losesattractiveness


With the chart we can perform analysis quickly, interpretation andcomparison of the data presented both in terms of size, number,growth and direction. There are several kinds of graphs such as linegraphs, bar graphs, circle graphs, and picture graphs.

5. Graphics

Is a simple image using dots, lines or verbalsymbols that serve to illustrate thequantitative data accurately, explaindevelopments or comparative objects orevents that are interconnected simply andclearly.


• An interpretive picture that uses symbols toconvey a message quickly and compact or anattitude toward people, situations or certainevents.

• Cartoons usually simply captures the essentialmessage that should be delivered and pouredit into a simple picture using symbols andcharacters which easily recognized andremembered and understood quickly.

6. Cartoon


Characteristics of a good poster is:• Simple• Presents the ideas to achieve one ultimate goal• Colored• The slogan which concise and accurate• Clearly review clearly• Vary Motifs and designs

7. Poster

Convey a particular message or impression and ableto influence and motivate behavior of the beholder.


Serves to present data relating to the location of an areaeither in the form of natural conditions, agriculturalproducts, mining products or so.In particular, maps and globes can provide informationabout:

• State of the Earth's surface, land, rivers, mountains, oceans and other forms of land and water

• Places as well as the direction and distance to other places

• Data about social culture, economic data, agriculture, industry and trade

8. Map and Globe

07/02/2014

3


Flannel boards are an effective visual media andeasy to convey certain messages to specifictarget as well.

9. Flannel Boards

This board is not covered by a flannel cloth, but directly attached drawing or writing. This board serves to notify events within a certain time. Other visual media such as pictures, posters, sketches or diagrams can be used as materials for bulletin boards

10. Bulletin Boards

2. Audio Media• Audio media is the media type associated with

the sense of hearing. Messages to bedelivered poured into symbols additive.


EXAMPLE OF AUDIO MEDIA

2. Tape recorder Through this media we can record audio, repeat itand delete it. Besides the tape can be played over andover again without affecting the volume, which cancause a variety of discussions or dramatization.

1. RadioThis media can stimulate the active participation of theaudience. Radio broadcast is very suitable for teachingmusic and language. Even radio can also be used as aconduit to what should be done by the teacher orstudents in learning.

3. Stop Motion Projector Media

The advantages of using the frame film as a learning media is:• Same subject matter may be distributed to all students simultaneously.• students' attention can be focused on a single issue, so it can produce a uniform

observation• Stimulated students to think and function independently developed• Easy storage• Frame Films can overcome the limitations of time and space senses• Programs can be created in a short time depending on the needs


1. Frame FilmFrame film is a positive film in either black and white orcolor, measuring 35 mm, and generally framed with 2 x 2inches.

2. Compose Film• Compose film not require a frame and a sequential

series of a movie or a particular image. The number ofimages on one roll of compose film is approximately 50to 75 images with a length of approximately 100 to 130cm depending on the content of the film.

• Compose Film can unite various different learningmedia in a single bundle so suited to teach skills,easy storage and can be used for group or individualstudy materials

3. OHT

The advantages of using OHP :• Projected image is more clear than when depicted on the

board• Room not necessary darkened• While teaching, teachers can faced with students• Easy to operate so it does not require operator assistance• Save energy and time because it can be used repeatedly• Can practically be used for all size classes or room

Over Head Transparancy (OHT) is a visual mediumprojection, made on transparent material, usuallyacetate or plastic films measuring 8.5 x 11 inches. Thismedia requires a special tool for projecting known asOver Head Projector (OHP).

07/02/2014

4

4. Opaque Projektor

Advantages of this media is that the printed materialin books, magazines, photographs, graphics, charts,or diagrams can be projected directly onto thesurface.

Advantages of this media is:• Can be used for almost any field of study in the

curriculum• Can magnify small objects into board so the material

that was originally only for the individual can beseen by the whole class

This Called Opaque Projector, sincethe projected material not transparentbut opaque 5. Mikrofis

The advantage of this media is:• Easily duplicated with relatively low cost• Can be projected onto the big screen• As in the form of sheets, quick, efficient storage

and practical to be sent• facilitate the identification of information in the

literature because it is on the top of the sheet

Sheet of transparent film consistingof visual symbols which scaled downso it can not be read with the nakedeye.

4. Motion Projection Media and Audio Visual

Some advantages of movie:• Lack of reading skills or lack of mastery the language can be overcome

by using a movie• Very appropriate to describe a process• Can present the theory or practice of a general nature to specific nature

or otherwise• Movies can bring in an expert and make itself heard in front of the class• Movies can be realistic, so the abstract things tcan be seen more clearly• Movies also can stimulate students' motivation


1. Motion Film (Movie)Able to express the beauty and the moving fact with sound effects,and motion pictures, movies can also be played over and over asneeded

2. Loop FilmLoop Film is a types of media consisting of 8 mm films and 16 mmwhich the edges are interconnected so the film will be repeatedcontinuously if not turned off.

Advantages of this media is:• Room does not necessary darkened• Can playback over and over again so whatever unclear became

clear• Easily integrated into lessons and shared with other media• Students can also use it by themselves because it is simple• Films can be terminated at any time for clarification or discussion

3. TV Program

• Messages which presented in a video media could bea fact or fictional, could be informative, educationaland instructional. Some advantages using videomedia in learning is:

• Difficult demonstrations could be prepared andrecorded before, so when teaching, a teacher canfocus on the presentation

• Saves time because the recording can be played back• Can observe closer to a dangerous object or a moving

object

Television can be an exciting learning media inconveying messages with audio-visual learningwith elements of movement.

4. Video

5. Multimedia

The weakness of this media: must be supported byadequate equipment such as LCD projectors andelectrical current.

The advantages of using multimedia: Can improvestudents ability to understand an abstract concepteasily, it is also can give a positive impression to theteacher because it can help teachers explain thelesson content to students, saving time andincreasing students motivation in learning.

A merger or integration of two or more media formats andthen combined as text, graphics, animation, and video toestablish the rule of information into the computer system.

07/02/2014

5

6. Object

• Objects that exist around can be used as amedium of learning, both original objects andartificial objects or miniature.

• These objects can assist learning process well,especially if the method used isdemonstration or practice field.

Summary• RPP is a plan that describes the procedures and organization

of learning in order to achieve a basic competence in thecontent standards set out and described in the syllabus. RPPbroadest scope covers the basic competencies that consist ofa single indicator or multiple indicators for one or moremeetings.

• LKS is a form of program based on the tasks to be completedand serve as a tool to transfer knowledge and skills. In the LKSthere are important part such as title, purposes, material,equipment and materials, work methods, activities andconclusion.

• In packaging and developing instructional tools, teachers musthave ability to create a syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets,teaching materials and the Media.

07/02/2014 - bioinstructionaldesign.weebly.com

Documents