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USAN

A New Era for Nigeria’s Oil IndustryFor two days on Monday 16 and Tuesday 17 April, 2012,he glitz of the media, will focus on Total, courtesy of the

USAN deepwater project inauguration.

On 16 April, the proj-ect will be presentedto the public, dur-

g an evening event with the

airman & CEO o otalMr. Christophe de Mar-rie and project parters inandance. Te next day, 17ril 2012, the President andmmander-in-Chie o themed Forces, Federal Re-blic o Nigeria, will ormally

augurate the project. Tat

brie but signicant ceremony on the USAN FPSO, marks awatershed on the company’soperations in Nigeria.

Te USAN eld came onstream on 24 February 2012,and at the peak will add180,000 barrels o oil to Nige-ria’s production. Tis is a new era or Nigeria’s oil industry.Apart rom having a directeect on the economy, this

ground breaking developmentrecorded many rsts in tech-nology or several companiesdirectly related to the projectas well as many jobs created inboth Nigeria and around theworld.

(Cont on page 2)

Mr. Christophe de MargeriChairman & CEO o Total S

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Mr. Charles NgokaDeputy Managing DireDeepwater District (TU

Contd from page 1Commenting on this signi-cant achievment the Presidentotal E & P, Mr. Yves-LouisDarricarrere said, “I’m particu-

larly proud to announce start-up o this major project togeth-er with the concession holderNNPC. Tis project demon-strates the ability o otal, a key operator o large-scale deeposhore developments in theGul o Guinea, to lead ambi-tious projects that will contrib-ute to increase production orthe Group and or the country.

Similarly the, Executive General Manager, Deep Water As-et Management, Mr. Francois Le-Cocq said. “I am proud to

have witnessed this wonderul transition in USAN project.Te attainment o the First Oil milestone is a great achieve-ment rom the eam, Operators, Partners and Concession-aire and we look orward to sae and ruitul production overhe eld lie”.

otal as operator has introduced a number o technologicalnnovations, among which is a solution that drastically re-

duces gas aring and thus minimizes the project’s environ-mental impact.

Te development o Usan has involved a record 60% o localcontent man-hours and thus has contributed to strengthen-ng the know-how o the Nigerian industry in the area o hy-

drocarbon exploitation in the deep oshore.”

Te USAN deepwater development is otal’s second deepwater acility in Nigeria aer AKPO. Te eld was discov-ered in 2002 in block OPL 222 (now OML 138) located about100km o the coast, South East o Port Harcourt, in waterdepths ranging rom 750m to 850m.

Yves-Louis DarricarrerePresident Total E & P

USAN eld is operaotal E&P Nigeria L(20%) on behal o partners Chevron leum Nigeria (30%)Exploration and Prtion Nigeria – OEast (30%) and Petroleum Nigeria with Nigerian NaPetroleum Corpo(NNPC) as conceaire.

Te development o theUSAN eld involves 42wells (23 production wellsand 9 water and 10 gasinjector wells) connectedto a two-million-barrelcapacity oating produc-tion, storage and ooad-ing (FPSO)

vessel by subsea lines andrisers. Te designproduction capacity is180,000bpd.

Te FPSO construction began in 2008 and wapleted late 2011 by Hyundai Heavy Industries.

Te vessel is 320m long and 61m wide, height is the helideck and 150m to the top o are platorcontract work includes the engineering, procurconstruction, installation and pre-commissioncilities.

Fabrications were carried out locally in Nigeria, in Saipem’s SCNL Yard, Rumuolumeni, Port-HaTe oshore installation was by Saipem.

“This project demonstrates the ability of Total a key operator of large-scale deep

“The USADeepwatDevelop

ment Projfurther

advanceNigeria’

Mr. Guy MauriceManaging Director Total

Upstream Companies in Nigeria

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Te Floating Production Storage Ooading units has beenesigned with uture tie-ins in mind, with provision or

xtra risers and modules. Te weight o the topsides haseen reduced without diminishing treatment capacity, by nstalling part o the oil treatment process (the wash tanks)nside the hull. Te Usan FPSO is also the rst to have indi-idual cabins or 130 people.

IL TREATMENT PROCESS

Tis is the rst FPSO in Nigeria to use the Wash-ank pro-ess to simpliy the dehydration, desalting and stabilization

the oil. Tis process is well suited to naphthenic oils as itmproves signicantly the coalescence eect, thus acceler-ting the oil-water separation and reducing the ormation naphthenate deposits. Te process train was specially esigned to optimize costs (less equipment) and minimizeroblems during operations (naphthenic “soaps” and de-osits) and associated maintenance.

RILLING & COMPLETION

Te “West Capella” is a new build dual-derrick drillshipwith dynamic positioning. It has been contracted or theull 5-year drilling campaign. o cope with reservoir com-lexity, intelligent well completions are being used to pro-uce rom multiple reservoir layers independently single

n a well. For sand control, multiple – stack rac packs areeing used or oil producers and expandable screens or

water and gas injectors

SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS/ UMBILICALS, FLINES & RISERS

Maniolds are o-line to provide more exibility installation and during production. Single hybrid(SHR) handle both production and injection.

OFFLOADING BUOY

Decoupled hybrid ooading lines (steel lines witible pipes at the ends) are being used to limit the

required rom the FPSO schedule.

GAS MANAGEMENT

Usan has taken the positive step o pursuing a no-policy, so all gas is re-injected. Tis means that tmanagement is a major challenge, due to reservoir caconstraints during the early phases o production.

Geology – both the subsurace and the seabed – posnical challenges on Usan. Te reservoir are highlypartmentalized and heavily aulted, leaving many gences uncertainties. Tis makes it harder to manare-injection. It also impacts on the production stUsan needs nearly one injection well or each prodwell (10 gas and 9 water injectors or 23 producers).

Unlike most other elds in the region, the seabed heterogeneous and highly perturbed, creating slopeit bl Ti t h t b t k

UNIQUE CHALLENGES,

NNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

PSO DESIGN

VERY COMPLEX RESERVIORS,

DIFFICUL SEABED CONDIIONS.

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IGERIAN CONTENT:

line with otal Upstream Companies in Nigeria’smmitments, the USAN Deepwater Developmentoject urther advances Nigeria’s Local Content withore than 11 million man-hours o engineering andbrication perormed in Nigeria

7,500 tonnes o FPSO topsides and 15 Pressure Ves-sels in Nigerdock yard, Lagos.

Entire Flowlines, Riser System and Export Buoy inSaipem yard, Port Harcourt.

8 Subsea Maniolds, 42 Permanent Guide Basesand assembly o 12 Xmas rees in Cameron andGlobestar yards in Onne and Warri.

Te 7,500 tonnes o the FPSO modules abricatedin Nigeria have been integrated in-country.

ith the support o its partners, otal has committed

el to a local content policy that has generated sig-cant increase in activity in Nigeria rom engineer-g, training, construction to project management.

EALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT

keeping with otal’s commitment to high standardsHealth, Saety & Environment management, the

san Project has continued to maintain excellent HSEcords through the implementation o a robust HSEanagement System (MAESRO), initiation o be-

avior-based programs like the Usan Saety ogethern incident and injury-ree initiative), design o acil-es to comply with national/international regulations

nd industry best practice with minimal environmen- ootprint. Te Usan eam is committed to workingth all stakeholders to ensure Project delivery withinimal HSE impact on people, acilities and the en-ronment.

ORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

hase 1 o the Upgrade o acilities in Lagos University eaching Hospital (LUH) Paediatric Ward was com-eted and commissioned on Tursday, November 17,11 within the hospital complex. Tis rst phase o e upgrade comprises:

Inrastructural reurbishment o the 200-bed Pae-diatric Ward.

3 Debrillators.

• 1 new Water reatment Plant.

• 1 new portable Ultrasound Machine.

Te second phase which was also launched same day will cover the inrastructure renovathe second ward and provision o medical equsuch as microscopes, bone marrow aspiration opsy needles, cold centriuge, transport incuphototherapy units, bilirubinometers, neonat

paediatric beds as well as ward screens and intion and training.

Other sponsorship by USAN are:

E-Library project in the University o Calabar, Cunder the auspices o the Deep Oshore ComAairs Group (DOCAG) as a joint industry implemented by OAL on DOCAG’s behal.

A total o Six Hundred and Fiy (650) NationaAwards or undergraduate Nigerian Students tiary institutions in the country are sponsoredally by the project

Annual Support to the Lagos State Security ruor the protection o lie and property in Lagos

Other on-going CSR projects also sponsored USAN project include the ollowing:

• Upgrade o Special Care Baby Unit (SCBUger Delta University eaching Hospital, State including inrastructural renovationishing, medical equipments and installasame.

• Construction o 18 classroom block (2-stoGovernment Secondary School, Owerri.

• Annual contribution to Niger Delta Post AProgramme or the economic empowermerehabilitation o repentant militants in the

Delta through appropriate Skills developme

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he deep oshore is believed to

harbor some 5% o the world’s

oil and gas resources. In someegions o the globe (West Arica, North

merica and South America), deepwa-

r reservoirs amount or about 75% o

he producible volumes discovered in re-

ent years. First undertaken in the 1980s,

eepwater exploration began to pay o in

he early years o this century. Since that

me, the production o oil rom deep o-

hore reservoir has increased steadily. By

015, it is projected to reach 10 million

arrels per day (Mb/d), equivalent to105

global oil output

VERCOMING NUMEROUS CHAL-

ENGES

Te main challenges to deepwater pro-

uction relate to the extreme conditions

the abyssal environment:

Cold: Te ambient temperature is

around 4o

C

Pressure: Increase 3 by 1 bar or every

10m o depth 1,500 meters – a orce 3

equivalent to 6 tons exerted on a sur-

ace area the size o a credit card.

n this context, crude oil would congeal

mmediately in an “ordinary” pipeline.

Solution had to be ound to prevent the

oil rom cooling and ensure its uidity

over thousands o meters it must travelto reach the surace. Trough its twenty

years o experience. otal has successully

developed game-changing technologies

tailored to these conditions. While the o-

cus today has shied to optimizing proj-

ect economics, raising recovery actors

and preparing or the aging o its acilities,

the Group’s expertise is also driving it to

invest in new deposits even more difcult

to access or containing particularly com-

plex oils.

LIMITING THE ENVIORMENTAL FOOT-

PRINT A PRIORITY

Environmental perormance is a priority

over the entire lie cycle o every deep-wa-

ter project. Regular monitoring and audits

are carried out to guarantee strict compli-

ance with the most stringent standards or

produced water discharge. Eorts to curb

greenhouse gas emission are served by optimizing the energy efciency o FPSOs

and recovering oileld associated gas (or

liqueaction or reinjection).

A fagship industrial adventure

In the ace o the world’s growing demand or hydrocarbons, the Oil and Gas industry set out to conquer the deep ofshan extraordinary industrial adventure in a context that until recently had remained beyond its grasp.

MILESTONE

Te unsuspected diversity of d

ter èco-systems:

Beore the oil industry began to ocdeep oshore, little was known ain the abyss. otal teamed up withon marine lie to carry out an invethese unique ecosystems, which hato consist o much more abundant

ied species than anyone had ever im

FOCUS Preventing hydrate formation

A hydrate is a crystal solid structure similar to ice. Hydrrom hydrates with water in coo low temperature and high pprecisely the environment encin the ocean deeps. Hydrates blliable to plug production lines anore constitute a major risk. For thi

preventing hydrate ormation has bo the major thrusts o deepwater

DEEP OFFSHORE:

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When the colossal oilelds- and unsuspected potential –o West Arica’s deep oshore acreage were disco

the late 1990s, virtually everything had to be invented rom scratch to permit access to these deepwater Some o the greatest challenges were to understand the reservoir, dene suitable drilling techniques ign, qualiy subsea production systems, and develop tools or learning about and persevering abyssal ecosystem

ce those early discoveries, sprawling subsea networks have been installed in water more than 1,000m deep-a eaa power innovation machine and series o technological breakthroughs.

rough its large – scale projects o the coasts o Angola, Congo and Nigeria, otal has pursued a bold industrial ile keeping its sights set rmly on saety and environment.

Culled rom otal E & P PublicationDeep oshoreA echnological and Human Adventure.

November 2011

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