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'";'/AAZtwriafe CONVERSATIONAL

PORTUGUESE A COMPLETE COURSE

IN EVERYDAY PORTUGUESE

by Oscar Fernandez DIRECTOR PORTUGUESE PROGRAM,

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY

BASED ON THE METHOD DEVISED BY

RALPH WEIMAN, FORMERLY CHIEF OF LANGUAGE SECTION. U.S. WAR DEPARTMENT

SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR USE WITFI

THE CONTINENTAL OR SOUTH AMERICAN EDITION OF LIVING PORTUGUESE:

THE COMPLETE LIVING LANGUAGE COURSE®

Crown Publishers, In New York

•

' e

-41

4 4:

4--

•

This work was previously published under the title Conversational Manual Portuguese.

Copyright 0 1986, 1965 by Crown Publishers, Inc.

All rights reserved. No pan of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Published by Living Language, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc.. 225 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10003.

LIVING LANGUAGE is a trademark and THE LIVING LANGUAGE COURSE is a Registered Trademark of Crown Publishers, Inc.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION INSTRUCTIONS

BASIC PORTUGUESE VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

LESSON 1 1. THE LETTERS AND SOUNDS

1 I

Manufactured in the United States of America

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 65-22296

ISBN 0-517-56163-8

1986 Updated Edition

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

LESSON 2 4 - (The Letters and Sounds Cont.)

2. THE PORTUGUESE ALPHABET 7 3. REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN PRONUNCIATION 7

LESSON 3 8 4. PRONUNCIATION PRACTICE g

LESSON 4 12 (Pronunciation Practice Cont.) 5. BUILDING UP A VOCABULARY 14

LESSON 5

17 6. USEFUL WORD GROUPS

17

LESSON 6 21 7- GOOD MORNING! 21

. WHERE IS . .? 24

LESSON 7 25 (Where Is ...? Cont.) 9. DO YOU HAVE ... ? 26

10. WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO EAT? 27

LESSON $ 30 11. SOME COMMON VERB FORMS 30 12. "THE" AND "As' 33 13. CONTRACTIONS 34

14. PLURAL

35 15. ADJECTIVES

36 16. POSSESSION

36 17. ASKING A QUESTION

37

18. NO AND '*NOT"

37 19. INTRODUCTIONS

39 20. A GOOD TIME

40

LESSON 9 41

21. WHAT'S NEW? 41 22. TO BE OR NOT TO BE 43 23. /T IS 46

LESSON 10 47 24. TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT 47 25. 1 KNOW ONLY A LITTLE PORTUGUESE 48

LESSON 11 50 26. DO YOU SPEAK PORTUGUESE? 50 27. EXCUSE ME 53

LESSON 12 54 28. THIS AND THAT 54 29. MORE OR LESS 55 30. -AND" AND "BUT" 58

LESSON 13

59 31. WHERE?

LESSON 14

61 (Where? Corn.) 32. I, YOU, HE

64

LESSON 15

66 (I. You. He, Cont.)

LESSON 16 79 33. A FEW SHORT PHRASES 79 34. MAY I ASK? so

LESSON 17 81 35. NUMBERS Si

LESSON 18 84 (Numbers Cont.) 36. HOW MUCH? 86 37. IT COSTS ... 86 38. MY ADDRESS IS 87 39, MY TELEPHONE NUMBER IS... 87 40. THE NUMBER IS... 87

LESSON 19 88 41. WHAT'S TODAY? 88 42, SOME DATES 89 43. WHAT TIME IS IT? 90

LESSON- 20 91 (What Time Is It? Cont.) 44. IT'S TIME 92 45. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 93 46. MORNING, NOON AND NIGHT .94

LESSON 21 94 (Morning, Noon and Night Cont.)

LESSON 22 100 47. NO 100

LESSON 23 102 (No Cont.) 48. USEFUL WORD GROUPS II 103

LESSON 24 106 (Useful Word Groups Cont.} 49. HAVE YOU TWO MET? 108 50. SMALL TALK 109

LESSON 25 110 (Small Talk Cont.) 51, TAKING LEAVE 110

59

LESSON 26

113 52. CALLING ON SOMEONE

113

53. LETTERS AND TELEGRAMS

114

LESSON 27 116 54. GETTING AROUND • 116 55. PLEASE 118 56. SOME USEFUL EXPRESSIONS _ 120

LESSON 28 124 (Some Useful Expressions Cont.) 57. WHO? WHAT? WHEN? 124

LESSON 29 126 (Who? What? When? Cont.) 58. LIKING AND DISLIKING 131

LESSON 30 133 (Liking and Disliking Cont.) 59. IN, TO, FROM 136

LESSON 31 137

LESSON 36

/66 66. PROCURANDO APARTAMENTO (APARTMENT HUNTING)

166

67. SOME COMMON VERBS

174

LESSON 37 181 68, NA O SOU DAQUI (FM A STRANGER HERE) 181

LESSON 38 188 69. CUMPRIMENTANDO UM VELHO AMIGO (GREETING AN OLD FRIEND) 188 70. THE MOST COMMON VERBS AND THEIR FORMS 197

LESSON 39 - 208 71. WHAT'S IN A NAME? 208

LESSON 40 211 72. PORTUGUESE IN A LIGHTER VEIN 211 73. IMPORTANT SIGNS 216

SUMMARY OF PORTUGUESE GRAMMAR (In. To From Cont.) . 1. THE ALPHABET 223

LESSON 143 2. PRONUNCIATION 223

32 S

60. ASKING YOUR WAY - 143 3. STRES 228

4, PUNCTUATION 228

LESSON 3 146 5. SOME ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS 229

3 . 6. SYLLABLE DIVISION 231

(Asking Your Way Cont.) 7. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE 232 61. WRITING, PHONING. TELEGRAPHING 147 8. THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE 234

9. CONTRACTIONS 235 LESSON 34 150 10. DAYS OF THE WEEK 236 62. FAMILY AFFAIRS .. 150 11. THE NAMES OF THE MONTHS 237

12. THE NAMES OF THE SEASONS 237 LESSON 35 155 13. MASCULINE AND FEMININE 238 63. COMPRAS (SHOPPING) 155 14. THE PLURAL 240 64. 0 CAFE DA MANH;ei (tli (0 PEQUENO ALMOCO I") 15. THE POSSESSIVE 241 (BREAKFAST) 161 16. ADJECTIVES 242 65. CARDAPIO ® (EMENTA 47)) A SAMPLE MENU 166 17. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES 244

INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPLETE LIVING LANGUAGE COLRSE®

The Living Language Course' uses the natural method of language-learning. You learn Portuguese the way you learned English—by hearing the language and repeating what you heard. You didn't begin by studying grammar; you first learned how to say things, how words are arranged, and only when you knew the language pretty well did you begin to study grammar. This course teaches you Portuguese in the same way. Hear it, say it, absorb it through use and repetition. The only difference is that in this course the basic elements of the language have been carefully selected and condensed into 40 short lessons. When you have finished these lessons, you will have a good working knowledge of the language. If you apply yourself, you can master this course and learn to speak basic Portuguese in a few weeks.

While Living Language Conversational Portuguese is designed for use with the South American or Conti- nental editions of Living Portuguese: The Complete Living Language Course, this book may be used without the cassettes. The first 4 lessons cover Portuguese pronunciation, laying the foundation for learning the vocabulary, phrases, and grammar that are explained in the later chapters.

All the material is presented in order of importance. When you reach page 150, you will have already learned 300 of the most frequently used sentences and will be able to make yourself understood on many important topics. By the time you have finished this course, you will have a sufficient command of Portuguese to get along in all ordinary situations.

The brief but complete summary of Portuguese grammar is included in the back of this book to enable you to perfect your knowledge of the language. There are also

18. COMPARISON

246 19. PRONOUNS

248 20. POSITIONS OF PRONOUNS

252

21. SOME CONJUNCTIONS

256 22. QuESTioN WORDS

257

23. ADVERBS

258 24. DIMINUTIVES AND AUGMENTATIvEs

261

25. DEmoNsTRATivES

263 26. INDEFINITE ADJECTIvES AND PRONOUNS

265

27. NEGATION

266 28. WORD ORDER

266 29. THE INFINITIVE

267 30. THE TENSES OF THE VERB

268

31. THE SUBJUNCTivE

273 32. SEQUENCE OF TENSES

278

31. THE CONDITIONAL

279 34. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

281

35. COMMANDS AND REQUESTS

282 36. THE PARTICIPLE

286 37. PROGRESSIVE TENSES

288

38. THE PASSIVE VOICE

288 39. TO BE

289 40. THE FORMS OF THE REGULAR VERB

293

41. RADICAL-CHANGING VERBS

299 42. SPELLING CHANGES IN VERBS

302

41 IRREGULAR VERBS

307

LETTER WRITING

1. FORMAL INVITATIONS AND REPLIES

319 2. THANK-YOU NOTE

322 3. BUSINESS LETTERS

323 4. INFORMAL LETTERS

326

USEFUL PHRASES FOR CORRESPONDENCE

328 6. FORM OF THE ENVELOPE

332

many other helpful features, such as vocabulary-building exercises and verb conjugations. The special section on letter-writing will show you how to answer an invitation, make a business inquiry, and address an envelope prop- erly. Just as important is the Living Language' common Usage Dictionary. This is included in the course primar- ily for use as a reference, but it doubles as a phrasebook. It contains the most common Portuguese words with their meanings illustrated by everyday sentences and idiomatic expressions. The basic words—those you should learn from the start—are capitalized to make them easy to find.

Keep practicing your Portuguese as much as possible. Once you are well along in the course, try reading Portuguese magazines, newspapers, and books. Use your Portuguese whenever you get a chance with Portuguese-speaking friends, with other students.

This course tries to make learning Portuguese as easy and enjoyable as possible, but a certain amount of application is necessary. The cassettes and books that make up this course provide you with all the material you need; the instructions tell you what to do. The rest is up to you.

SOUTH AMERICAN (Brazilian) vs. • CONTINENTAL PORTUGUESE

Although the language spoken in Portugal and Brazil is the same language, there are certain differences, just as there are differences between British and American En- glish. The structure of the language is much the same, but there are significant variations in word order, in pronunciation, and in intonation (see sections 3 and 4 of Lessons 2 and 3), and this makes alternate sets of recordings necessary, one in Brazilian Portuguese and one in Continental Portuguese.

To make it possible for Conversational Portuguese and the Common Usage Dictionary to be used with either edition, an effort has been made to use vocabulary and phrases common to both patterns. Otherwise, the basic pattern followed is the Brazilian, with significant variations in Continental Portuguese being indicated.

SPELLING 1. Following Brazilian usage, the text will have many accent marks which are no longer used in Portugal. This is particularly true of accent marks which appear on syllables which do not need them according to the rules for stress (see Lesson I), but which Brazilians keep to distinguish words spelled alike but with different meanings (almoco lunch, and ahnoco I eat lunch), or for other reasons.

BRAZIL altnoco ere aquek

PORTUGAL almoco ele aquele

MEANING lunch he that one

The first time such a form appears in the text, the variation used in Portugal will be given in parentheses or in a footnote, and will be marked t

2. Differences in pronunciation, which require different spellings, and variants of the same word, although pronounced the same way in both countries, will also be given:

Course Material The material of the complete Living Language Course' consists of the following:

BRAZIL acid° Antonio diretor otimista

PORTUGAL accao Antonio director optimista

MEANING action Anthony director optimist

1 !

• • • 1. 2 hour-long cassettes or 4 long-playing records. The label on each face indicates clearly which lessons are contained on that side. Living Portu-

. guese is available in both Continental and South American (Brazilian) editions.

These variants will also be given in parentheses, 6r in a footnote, and will be marked 0.

3. Other differences, as in vocabulary and word order, will be indicated in the same manner: abacaxi (ananas ®) pineapple; Eu me diverti (Eu divenime it) I had a good time. At times will be used to indicate a particularly Brazilian form: marrom * brown; suety * sweater.

4. In some cases the use of certain words or forms is optional, and they may or may not be used: subject pronouns, the definite article (especially with posses- sives, and used more in Portugal than in Brazil—see Lesson 15), etc. These optional forms will sometimes be given in parentheses, and Conversational Portuguese will indicate differences between the two sets of recordings: (Ela) chama-se Maria. E (a) minha irma. Her name is Mary. She is my sister.

5. In the Living Language' Common Usage Dictionary, the Continental Portuguese variation will be given in parentheses. The designators ® and will be used only when they seem necessary for clarity.

2. Conversational Portuguese manual. This book is designed for use with the recorded lessons, or it may be used alone. It contains the following sections:

Basic Portuguese Vocabulary and Grammar Summary of Portuguese Grammar Letter Writing

3. Portuguese-EnglishlEnglish-Portuguese Common Usage Dictionary. A special kind of dictionary that gives you the literal translations of more than 18,000 Portuguese words, plus idiomatic phrases and sentences illustrating the everyday use of the more important vocabulary and 1,000 essential

- words capitalized for quick reference.

How to Use Conversational Portuguese with the Living LanguageTM Cassettes

TO BEGIN There are 2 cassettes with 10 lessons per side. The beginning of each lesson is announced on the tape and each lesson takes approximately 3 minutes. If your cassette player has a digit indicator, you can locate any desired point precisely.

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

1

LESSON I

THE LETTERS AND SOUNDS

(Letters and Sounds I)

A. Some Portuguese sounds are fairly similar to Eng- lish sounds. Listen to and repeat the following Portu- guese names and notice which sounds are fairly similar and which are different:

Alberto Albert Alfredo Alfred Ana Anna, Anne Antonio' Anthony Carlos Charles Cecilia Cecilia Eduardo Edward Fernando Ferdinand Francisco Francis Gloria Gloria Guilherme William Henrique Henry Isabel Elizabeth Joao John Jorge George

Mdio Julius Lucia Lucy Luis Louis Manuel Manuel Maria Mary Mario Mario Mauricio Maurice Miguel Michael Paulo Paul Pedro Peter Raimundo Raymond Ricardo Richard Roberto Robert Rosa Rose Tont& • Thomas

AntOnio

NOTICE:

I. Each vowel is pronounced clearly and crisply.

2. A single consonant is pronounced with the following vowel.

LEARNING THE LESSONS

1. Look at page 1. Note the words in boldface type. These are the words you will hear on the cassette. Them are pauses to enable you to repeat each word and phrase right after you hear it.

2. Now read Lesson 1. (The MB Ilk symbols indicate the beginning of the recorded material. In some advanced lessons, information and instructions precede the recording.) Note the points to listen for when you play the cassette, Look at the first word: Alberto, and be prepared to follow the voice you will hear.

3. Play the cassette, listen carefully, and watch for the points mentioned. Then rewind, play the lesson again, and this time say the words aloud. Keep repeating until you are sure you know the lesson. The more times you listen and repeat, the longer you will remember the material.

4. Now go on to the next lesson. It's always good to quickly review the previous lesson before starting a new one.

5. There are 2 kinds of quizzes at the end of each section. One is the matching type, in which you must select the English translation of the Portu- guese sentence. In the other, you fill in the blanks with the correct Portuguese word chosen from the 3 given directly below the sentence. Do these quizzes faithfully and, if you make any mistakes, reread the secticin.

6. When you get 100 percent on the Final Quiz, you may consider that you have mastered the course.

I


3. The accent mark ( 1 or A) indicates the syllable that is stressed: Tomas. (a) The acute accent mark ( 1 ) over a, e, o indi-

cates an open pronunciation in forming the sound there is a large opening between the roof of the mouth and the tongue): Gloria.

(b) The circumflex accent mark (A) over a, e, o indicates a closed pronunciation (a smaller opening between the roof of the mouth and the tongue): Porto (Porto (7)).

4. The tilde (ill) (1 over a vowel indicates a nasal sound: Joao.

B. Now listen to the names

Barcelona Belem Belo Horizonte Brasilia Coimbra Lisboa Londres Madrid

of some cities:

Nova torque Paris Porto' Porto Alegre' Rio de Janeiro Roma Santos Sao Paulo

C. Now the names of some countries:

Alemanha (Germany) Angola Argentina Brasil China

Porto I®. Porto Alegre e.

Colombia Cuba Espanha (Spain) Estados [dos S. Franca


3

Inglaterra (England) Mocambique

Mina Portugal

Mexico Uruguai

Notice the following points (more detailed distinc- tions will be made later in the course):

VOWELS

a approximates a in ah, father. e open, as explained above: eh, best; closed, ap-

proximates modified a as in case; compare fez.

i as in machine. o open, as in of closed, as in rose. u approximates u in rule.

CONSONANTS AND CONSONANT GROUPS

as eh in machine. is never pronounced, as Ili in million. and n tend to nasalize the vowel before them; do not close your lips in pronouncing a final m.

rah as ni in onion. s between vowels as z, or as s in rose; initial s, or

ss, as ss in lesson. STRESS

NOTICE:

1. Words ending in a, e, or o or in one of these vowels and s, rn, or ns) are stressed on the syllable before last:

ch h lh

casa pobre americano mesas

house poor American tables

centro cheque certo celebrar diferente dificil importante interessante necessario possivel qualidade

center check certain to celebrate different difficult important interesting necessary possible quality

raga restaurants silencio surpresa' teatro exempio garanfir geral telefone tipo visita

4

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 5

race restaurant silence surprise theatre example to guarantee general telephone type visit

CONSONANTS

Notice the following points: 1. c before a, , and u, and before any other con-

sonant is like c in cat:

carta letter

secret() secret (adj.)

2. c before e and i is like the c in center:

homem homens

2. Words ending in any other letter, including nasal vowels and diphthongs (two vowels pronounced in union) are stressed on the last syllable:

aqui peru manhA papel falar descaniei

here turkey morning paper to speak I rested

•

!r:

F .

-

• €.

• *.

, • .

3. Words not following the above rules have a written accent mark which indicates the stressed syllable:

café dificil portugues passaro jitri

man men

coffee - difficult Portuguese bird jury

.;•

it

cena sincero

scene sincere

LESSON 2

D..Now listen to and repeat the following words which are similar in English and Portuguese. Notice how Portuguese spelling and pronunciation differ from English:

(Lepers and Sounds II)

acompanhar to accompany agente agent

3. ci (used only before a, 0, or u) is like the c in face:

moco young man mica() nation

4. g before e and i is like the s in measure:

gente people giria slang

1 surpresa (p).

- , I • -.I. 4.T .

atencao attention caso case

6 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

5. otherwise g is like g in go:

gato cat

6. j is similar to g before e and i:

jantar to dine

7. in Portuguese is formed with the tongue forward, the tip near the upper teeth:

livro book palet6 z jacket (man's)

8. final I is quite soft: Brasil Brazil mal evil

9. qu before a or o is like qu in quota:

quadro picture

10. qu before e or i is usually like k:

cone? What? barquinha small boat

x has the following sounds: like z: • exame examination exit° success

box to mix up

like s in see: maximum

prOximo next

ice x in wax: taxi 20.3

2. THE PORTUGUESE ALPHABET

Letter Name Letter Name Letter Name a a i i r erre b be i Nei s ease c et I tie t te 4 de n:t toe u u e é n cue v ye f efe o 6 x xis g 11# p PS z a h aga q qua

3. REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN PRONUNCIATION

A. language will vary somewhat in different countries where it is spoken, indeed, even in different parts of the same country. This is true of Portu- guese.

Brazil, fifth largest country in size in the world, has been attaining increased importance. It com- prises about one-half of the continent of South America and accounts for about one-half of its total population. Its language is Portuguese, but with certain features which distinguish it from the language as spoken in Portugal. There are also some minor regional differences in Brazil itself. The carioca pattern of Rio de Janeiro (whose inhabitants are called

like sh: caixa mexer xlcara

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 8

cariocas) is quite distinctive. Farther south, as in Sao Paulo, and in the northern part of the country one notices further minor differences, but basically the language is the same in all these cases.

The Portuguese language as spoken in Portugal is fundamentally the same language as is spoken in Brazil, but there are minor differences in syntax and significantly marked variations in pronunciation, intonation and rhythm. Syllables are cut shorter and at times slurred over, with final vowels clipped sharply or practically dropped.

2. r is pronounced with the tongue forward, along the top of the mouth with the tip near the base of the upper teeth as in Spanish), with initial r and rr being more forceful, with the tongue vibrating in this position. This pronunciation can be heard in Sao Paulo and in Portugal. The carioca r is pronounced back in the mouth, the upper back part of the tongue against the roof of the mouth (similar to a French back r and somewhat like ch in German).

Sao Paulo Rio Portugal

LESSON 3

caro caro carp expensive carro carro carro car, cart Rio Rio

Rio

Rio

4. PRONUNCIATION PRACTICE

(Pronunciation Practice I)

The following groups of words will give you an idea of some of the regional differences in pronunci ation and will also provide additional practice in Portuguese pronunciation and spelling. The first pronunciation is as in Sao Paulo, the second as in Rio de Janeiro, and the third as in Portugal.

CONSONANTS F

1. d is pronounced more forcefully in Rio de Janeiro and with some speakers approximates the j in just; this is especially true with d before e or 1:

Sao Paulo Rio Portugal - i

cidade cidade cidade city . ,„. Born dia. Born dia. Born dia. Good morning.

3. s between vowels is as z in zeal, or as s in rose:

fase fase fase phase

S before a voiced consonant (produced with a vibration of the vocal cords, as b, d, ge, A j, 1, m, n, r, v, z) tends to be as z in azure, as Portuguesep

mesmo mesmo mesmo same Lisboa

Lisboa Lisboa Lisbon

Final s and s (and x) before a voiceless consonant (produced without a vibration of the vocal cords, as hard c and hard g, j", p, qu„ t) are pronounced as s in see in Sao Paulo and by some cariocas, and as sh in shine in Portugal and by some cariocas:

costas costas costas coasts prosperidade prosperidade prosperidade prosperity moscas moscas moscas 0 flies

exerciclo devagar pedir respeito

exercido exereicio devagar devagar

p pedir edir respeito respeito

exercise slowly to ask respect

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 11 10 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

4. Initial s, s after a consonant, and ss, as s in see, as ss in passage:

sempre falso passar

sempre falso passar

sempre falso passar

always false to pass

5. t before e or i is pronounced very forcefully by some cariocas, approximating the eh in church:

tinteiro tinteiro tinteiro inkwell

VOWELS

1. a in a stressed position is "open" like the a in father,+ in unstressed positions and with the article a ("the") it tends to be more "closed" like the final a in America, - this is particularly true in Portugal and in general with unstressed final a;

matar matar molar to kill a data a data a data the date

2. e, in addition to the pronunciation indicated in Lesson 1, in a final unstressed position varies between the i in did and the i in machine in Brazil; it is clipped sharply in Portugal, being like a mute e, or is dropped:

e in an unstressed position is sometimes pronounced as e in be, in parts of Brazil, as mute e in Port u gal, or as i in did in both:

3. in addition to the pronunciation already indicated in Lesson I ("open" as o in of and "closed" as a in oh), is also pronounced like oo boot in an unstressed position, quite regularly in Portugal, and less consistently in Brazil (for example, less so in Sao Paulo than in Rio de Janeiro); this applies also to the pronunciation of the definite article o ("the"), and to o in a final unstressed position:

todos todos todos all o movimento o movimento o movimento

the movement Os portugueses Os portugu6ses os portugueses (p)

the Portuguese

breve

breve breve brief verdade verdade verdade truth

Stressed e before), ch, 114, nh in Portugal can have the sound of final a in America, or of closed e:

eereja cereja cerjea cherry igreja igreja igreja church fecha

fecha

fecha

he closes venho venho venho I come

12 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

LESSON 4

e8 (Pronunciation Practice LT)

NASAL SOUNDS

1. rn, n, and rah, nasal sounds, tend to nasalize the vowel preceding them; this nasal quality is especially strong in Brazil; in Continental Portuguese it may be slight or even absent:

eampo field

nome name tentar to try me nos less cams bed pomade pomade linha line senhorita miss, young lady

n followed by a consonant are not pronounced, nor in final position (do not close your bps in pronouncing final m, Merely nasalize the preceding vowel):

they speak he has good a, one

2. d, 6 are nasalized:

111 wool

manhi morning

3. nasal vowel combinations:

Inge mother licoes lessons mAo hand Ike he puts

4. a special case: muito much


13

2. au: aula class CRUM cause

3. el.- fales

I spoke sei

I know hotels hotels papeis papers

4. etc nieu my, 'nine escreveu he wrote

eu: cu sky chapeu hat 5. la: dialog°

dialogue 6. ie: side series

is dicta

diet . 49: pr prix proper, (one's) own

8. tu: partlu

he left 9. oi: mite night coisa thing

e6i.- hero'

hero [env%

sheets (of bed) 10. ou: outro another, other

comprou he bought 11. ua: gua water quando when 12. tie: sinter sweater 13. ui: euidar to take care (of) 14. uo: quota quota

WORD GROUPS

Keep in mind that the information given about pronunciation applies to word groups as well as to individual words: 1. s between vowels is like z in zeal:

todososamigos all the friends (todos os amigos)

2. voiced s before a voiced consonant is like z in azure:

star tambem sempre bombs

to sing also always bomb

the rest SOME OTHER VOWEL COMBINATIONS

osdemais (Os demais)

1. ai: pai father 3. and so in other cases.

14 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 15

RHYTHM AND INTONATION

To speak Portuguese well you should not only pronounce individual words and word groups cor- rectly, but you should try to use the proper rhythm and intonation. Pay attention to these and try to imitate them in the following examples. 1. In a declarattive statement the tone level is nor-

mal, with a slight drop at the end: A escola esti aberta. The school is open. A escola esti aberta.

2. In a question there is a slight rise at the end: A escola esti aberta? Is the school open? A escola esti aberta?

3. Compare: Elel esti aqui? Lie esti aqui. Is he here? He is here.

Lie esti aqui? Lie esti aqui.

4. Exclamations and phrases said with emotion will affect inflection and may show a rise at the end:

Lie esti ferido!

He is wounded (hurt)! le esta ferido!

Nao me diga!

You don't say! Nap me diga!

PORTUGUESE ENGLISH

PORTUGUESE ENGLISH

animal

animal

hospital

hospital capital

capital

hotel

hotel central

central motor motor chocolate chocolate original

original

envelope

envelope regular regular favor favor total

total

There are many Portuguese words which you will have no difficulty in recognizing despite minor differences. Some of these differences are

a. The Portuguese word has an accent mark: drew area junior

junior

consul

consul

radio radio b. The Portuguese word has a single consonant:

antena antenna comercial commercial anual annual oficial official

c. The Portuguese word adds -a, -e, or -o: lista list problema problem maps map restaurante restaurant parte part revolta revolt

d. The Portuguese word ends in a or o, the Eng lish word in e:

1

5. BUILDING UP A VOCABULARY

Building up a Portuguese vocabulary is facilitated by the great number of words that are similar in English and Portuguese. Some words are spelled exactly the same (although they may differ consid- erably in pronunciation):

causa cause rota note figura

figure rosy rose medicina medicine lobo tube minuto minute use use

e. The Portuguese word is slightly different in other respects:

automovel automobile origem origin especial special quest& question

2. Portuguese if= English ph:

filosofia philosophy frase

fisico physical telefone

3. Portuguese t = English th:

actor author simpatia autoridade - authority teatro

4. Portuguese f= English ce:

Apical force rata

5. Portuguese i = English y:

estilo style ritmo misterio mystery sisterna

6. Portuguese o and u= English ou:

cone court sopa flora hour anunciar montanha mountain curs° sore sound fundar

7. Portuguese - ia and -iozz English y:

GENERAL EQUIVALENTS

1. Portuguese c (qu) = English k (ck):

franco frank

ataque parque park

sac° attack sack

phrase, sentence

telephone

sympathy theatre

race

rhythm system

Soup to announce course to found


8. Portuguese - ia, -a, and English e:

ausencia absence diferenca distancia distance justica experiencia experience comercio noticia notice, news silencio policia police servico

9. Portuguese -cdo English -fiort:

atencdo attention imitardo cooperacei° cooperation informacdo descrica° description satisfacdo estaciio station traducao

10. Portuguese -o = English -al:

etemo eternal politico political

11. Portuguese -oso = English -o s:

delkioso

delicious famoso famous numeroso numerous religiose religious

12. Portuguese -lade .= English -ty:

cidade city possibilidade possibility oportunidade opportunity qualidade quality

LESSON 5

6. USEFUL WORD GROUPS

difference justice commerce silence service

mitation information satisfaction translation

companhia company

familia family

histOria history, story

••■■• ■•41.

secretdria remedio territOrio

secretary remedy territory

as (Useful Word Groff I)

NUMBERS

1 force . carte ie.

um (masc.), uma (fem.) one dois (masc.), dues (hem.} two

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 19 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 18

SOME COLORS fres quatro

seas sete oito nove dez

three four five six seven eight nine ten

vermelho azul verde veto,' negro branco amarelo castanho, marrom cinzento, gris

red blue green black white yellow brown gray

THE DAYS OF THE WEEK

segunda-feira or segunda terca-feira or terca' quarta-feira or quarts" quinta-feira or quint a sexta-feira or sexta sabado domingo

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

a primavera2 o vero o ontoo inverno

THE SEASONS

spring summer autumn winter

THE MONTHS

janeiro2 fevereiro marco abril maio junto juiho aglisto (Agosto) setembro ontubro novembro dezembro

January February March April May June July August September October November December

norte sul leste oeste

manhi meio-dia tarde noite

NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST

north south east west

MORNING, NOON AND NIGHT

morning noon afternoon evening, night

terca-feira or tercet

1 preto 2 With initial capital letters in Portugal: Janeiro, etc. 2With initial capital letters in Portugal: Primavera, etc.

k

TODAY, YESTERDAY, TOMORROW

today yesterday tomorrow

4' • hoje ontem amanh

• •

•

t. I

1 inverno 8. verde

junho 10. versa 11. segunda-feira 12. quatro 13. outubro 14. doming° 15. oeste 16. vermelho 17. preto 18. dez 19. branco 20. cinzenw

7. autumn 8. Sunday 9. eight

10, spring 11. west 12. Thursday 13. four 14. ten 15. red 16. black 17. green 18. Friday 19. gray 20. Monday

LESSON 6

7. GOOD MORNING!

(Good morning!)

eras In the morning

good day

Good morning. Mr. Campos

born dia

Born dia. senhor Campos


Hoje é seta-feira. Today is Friday. Ontem foi quinta-feira. Yesterday was

Thursday. Amanhi a sabado. Tomorrow is Saturday. Um mais um: dois. 1 One and one are two. Um mais dots: try. One and two are three. Dols mais dois: quatro. Two and two are four. Dols is tires: einco. Two and three are five. Tres mais tries: seis. Three and three are

six. Tres mais quatro: sete. Three and four are

seven. Quatro mais quatro: oito. Four and four are

eight. Quatro mais einco: nave. Four and five are nine. Cisco mais cinco: de z. Five and five are ten.

QUIZ 1

Try matching these two columns:

sexta-feira 1. January

2. outono 2. summer

3. quinta-feira 1 June

primavera 4. winter

5. oito 5. October

janeiro 6. white

Inds form is good for oral use. Another form: Urn mais urn igual a. dois, etc.

ANSWERS

1-18; 2-7; 3-12; 4-10; 5-9; 6-1; 7-4; 8-17; 9-3; 10-2; 11-20; 12-13; 13-5; 14-8; 15-11; 16 15; 17:-16; 18 14; 19-6; 20-19.

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 23 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 22 E o senhor? Muito hem, obrigado.

And you? Very well, thank you.

'You" is translated by o senhor (masc.) and a senhora (fem.)

and by their plural forms us senores and as senoras.

'A man answers obrigado, a lady obrigada, for "thank you."

Mr. and Mrs. Campos. o senhor Campos e a senhora Campos; however, it is more common to address a married woman by Dona

and her first name: Dona Maria, etc.

Boni dia, senhor (Sr.) Campos.

corno vai (eta

o senhor I Como val (esti) o senhor?

muito bern

Quito bent. obrigado

Muito bem, obrigado. e o senhor

E o senhor? bem

Bern, obrigado.

De tarde

boa tarde

Boa tarde. Boa tarde, Dona Maria.

Como vai (esti) a senhora?

%tit° hem, obrigada.2

Good morning, Mr. Campos.

how are (you) getting

along you

How are you? very well

Very well thank you

Very well, thank you. and you

And you? well

Fine, thank you.

In the afternoon

good afternoon

Good afternoon. Good afternoon,

Dona Maria. How are you?

Very well, thank you.

De noite

boa noite

Boa mite, Cecilia.

1. manhd 2. senhora 3. Como vai (estd) o

senhor? Muito bent

on dia. 6. Boa noite. 7. de mania 8. tarde

Obrigado. 10. Pedro 11. e 12. Boa tarde. 13. Como? 14. senhor 15. de noite

In the evening

good evening, night

Good evening, Cecilia.

Good evening, Peter. Good evening, Dona

Maria. Good evening, Peter.

QUIZ

I. Good afternoon. 2. in the morning 3. and

4. morning 5. Thank you. 6. Mrs. 7. Peter 8. Sir or Mr. 9. How?

10. Good morning. 11. in the evening 12. How are you? 13. Very well. (Fine.) 14. afternoon 15. Good evening.

Good night.

Boa noite, Pedro. Boa noite, Dona Maria.

Boa mite, Pedro.

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 24 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 25

ANSWERS LESSON 7

Note: There is a tendency to use ser with fixed location.

onde hi

Onde hi ? um hotel

Onde hi um hotel? born restaurante

Onde hi urn bom restaurante?

onde e

Onde é? Onde é a Prefeitura

(a Camara Municipal (E))?

Onde o restaurante? Onde é a estacio? Onde é o correlo?

where is there (there is

Where is there . ? a -.9..

7

hotel Where is there a hotel?

good restaurant

Where is there a good restaurant?

where is

Where is it Where is the City Hall?

Where is the restaurant? Where is the station? Where is the post office?

(What Do You Have To Eat?)

o senhor pode dizer-me

• senhor pode dizer-me ?

• senhor pode dizer-me onde ha urn hotel?

O senhor pode drier-me onde hi um born restaurante?

• senhor pode dizer-me onde é a Prefeitura (a Camara Municipal)?

• senhor pode dizer-me onde é a estaclio?

• senhor pode dizer-me onde o correio?

. ' .

can you tell me

Can you tell me ...

Can you tell • • me where there

is a hotel? Can you tell me

where there is a good restaurant?

Can you tell me where the City Hall is?

Can you tell me where the station is?

Can you tell me where the post office is?

1-4; 2 6; 3-12; 4-13; 5-10; 6-15; 7-2; 8-14; 9-5; 10 7; 11 3; 12 1; 13-9; 14 8; 15-11.

8. WHERE IS . ?

QUIZ 3 I. Onde ha urn hotel?

1. Where is the City Hall?

2. Onde e a Prefeitura 2. Can you tell me (a Camara where the station is? Municipal)?

3. 0 senhor pode dizer- 3. Can you tell me . ? me . ? •

o café da marsh i breakfast (0 pequeno or primeiro al moo

o almo lunch o jantar dinner

clue 6 que o senhor deseja?

fa o favor de

dar-me o menu (a ementa ®)

Fad o favor de-dear-me o menu (a ementa 0)..

What will you have? ("What do you wish?")

please ("do the favor of")

give me No give me") the menu

May I have a menu, please?

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 26 27

4. Senhor pode dizer- me onde é a estactlo? o correio

ANSWERS

1-5; 2 I; 3-3; 4-2; 5-4.

um dicionario ingles-portugues

alguns livros em ingles

aigumas roupas

an English-Portu- guese dictionary

some English books ("some .books in English")

(some) clothes

4, the post office

5. Where is there a hotel?

10. WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO EAT? 9. DO YOU HAVE ?

a Portuguese dictionary

senhor tem . ? dinheiro cigarros fasforos fogo (fume (D)

Preciso de papel lapis tinta urn selol sabonete pasta de dente

(dentes) uma toalha

onde posso comprar ?

urn dicionario portugues

selo (e).

Temos pao pa° e manteiga sopa came came de vacs

We have . bread bread and butter soup meat beef

Do you have . ? (any) money (any) cigarettes (any) matches a light

I need . (some paper) (a) pencil ink a (postage) stamp soap toothpaste

a towel

Where can I buy . ?

•

bife came de porco presunto peixe bacalhau camario, camaroes lagosta sardinhas frango arroz ovos ovos estrelados ovos mexidos verduras (legumes) milho batatas fljo salada salada de alface tomates agua vinho cerveja leite café corn leite aciicar sal pimenta frutas abacaxi (ananis (0) bananas laranjas micas sohremesa

•


steak (beefsteak) pork ham fish cod shrimp (sing. and plural) lobster sardines chicken rice eggs fried eggs scrambled eggs vegetables corn potatoes beans salad lettuce salad tomatoes water wine beer milk coffee with milk sugar salt pepper fruit pineapple banana oranges apples dessert

Traga-me uma xicara de cafe

(urea chdvena cafe)

urna xicara (chdvena) de chij

urn guardanapo uma colher uma colher de dui uma faca urn prates urn cop°

Gostaria de ter . uma garrafa de vinho uma garrafa de cerveja urn chope (uma

caneca urn cafizinho

mais uma garrafa um pow.° mais disso mais pelo con ta, faz favor.

Bring me a cup of coffee

a cup of tea

a napkin a spoon a teaspoon a knife a plate a glass

I would like to have . a bottle of wine a bottle of beer draught beer

a small cup of coffee (demitasse)

another bottle a little more of that more bread The check, please.

I. fish 2. water 3. vegetables 4. I need soap.

5. The check, please. 6. breakfast 7. a spoon 8. coffee with milk

1. came 2. batatas 3. agua 4. 0 que e que o senhor

deseja? 5. ovos 6. frango 7. peixe 8. uma garrafa de vinho

QUIZ 4


9. Precis° de sabonete. 10. Traga-me pejo.

café corn kite 12. avicar 13. verduras (legumes) 14. ma xicara de chd 15. um pouco mais de

pao 16. uma faca 17. sobremesa 18. o café da mangya

(0 pequeno almoco) 19. uma co/her 20. A coma, fa z favor.

9. What will you have? 10. dessert 11. meat 12. a knife 13. eggs 14. Bring me some bread. 15. chicken

16. a cup of tea 17. some more bread 18. sugar

19. a bottle of wine 20. potatoes

eu fat° to (alas)

elet fala ela Pala o senhor Pala a senhora fala voce fala

nos falamos (vos falais) elest falam elan falam os senhores falam as senhoras falam votes falam

SINGULAR

I speak you speak (familiar) he speaks she speaks you speak (masc.) you speak (fem.) you speak

PLURAL

we speak (you speak) they speak (masc.) they speak (fern.) you speak (masc.) you speak (fem.) you speak

ANSWERS

1-11; 2-20; 3-2; 4-9; 5-13; 6-15; 7-1; 8-19; 9-4; 10-14; 11-8; 12-18; 13-3; 14-16; 15-17; 16-12: 17-10: 18-6; 19-7; 20-5.

LESSON 8

11. SOME COMMON VERB FORMS

Origroduct Iona)

This lesson and several that follow are longer than the others. They contain information about grammar you need to know from the start. Try to understand each point, and as the course continues observe examples of the points mentioned. Refer back to the sections on grammar as often as necessary. Try to develop an understanding and feeling for the basic features of Portuguese grammar rather than a mere memoriza- tion of "rules."

The forms in parentheses are generally to be avoided.

NOTES

1. These forms, which make up the present tense, translate English "I speak," "I am speaking," "I do speak."

2. Tu "you" is used in very familiar speech, as between members of a family, and between very close friends. It is used much less in Brazil than in Portugal, Brazilians tending to use voce in cases not calling for o senhor or a senhora. The plural vOs is rarely used in Brazil today, being considered fairly archaic, vac's generally taking

•.■•■••••■■••■-■-•.■■•

ele, des M.

2. A (an)

um menino uma menina

uns meninos umas meninas

a boy a girl

some (a few) boys some (a few) girls

QUIZ 5

1. they speak (masc.) 2. she speaks 3. she 4. you speak (to friends,

plural) 5. 1 6. you speak (masc. sing.

"polite") 7. he

1. eu 2. nos 3. o senhor fala 4. ele

5.'Nes falam 6. voces falam

7. as senhoras falam

.■.10

(—as)

—a


its place in Portugal and in Brazil. 0 senhor, a senhora, and their plural forms are the "polite" or less "familiar" forms.

3. Notice that there are six endings:

Singular indicates the speaker (I). indicates the person spoken to (you). It is the familiar form. indicates someone or something spoken about (he, she, it), or spoken to (you).

Plural —ate indicates several people including

the speaker (we). ais) indicates the persons spoken to

(you). This form is rarely used. —am indicates those spoken about (they),

or spoken to (you, plural).

4. Notice that the verb form used with ele, eta, o senhor, a senora, and voce is the same: fala. The plurals of these have the same form: falam.

5. Notice that several forms of the subject pronouns differ depending on whether men or women are speaking or are being spoken about: 1

Elie fala he speaks ela Pala she speaks

files falam they speak (men) elas falam they speak (women)

This is also true when the pronouns refer to masculine or feminine nouns (see section 13 of Portuguese Grammar Summary).


33

• 12. "THE" AlD "A"

I. The

o menino the boy os meninos the boys a menina the girl

as meninas the girls

Notice that the word for "the" is in some cases o (plural: os), in other cases a (plural: as). Nouns that take o are called "masculine," nouns that take a are called "feminine." Nouns referring to males are masculine, nouns referring to females are feminine. In the case of other nouns you should learn the gender of the noun, that is, whether it is masculine or feminine.

34 CONVERSATIONALPORTUGUESE

8. ela 9. nos falamos

JO. ela fala

1-5; 2-10; 3 9-8; 10-2.

8. we speak 9. you speak (fern. ph

"polite") 10. we

ANSWERS

6; 4-7; 5 1; 6-4; 7 9; 8-3;

13. CONTRACTIONS

de+o=do de+a=da

ai-o=ao +a=t)

em-Fo=no em+a=na

de + os= dos del-as =das

ad-os=aos a+as=eis

em ±os=-_nos em + as= ryas

of the, from the

to the

in the, on the

do menino da menina dos meninos das Beni ryas

ao menino a menina aos merinos as meninas

no belso (bolso nos balsas na Praia nas praias

of the boy of the girl of the boys of the girls

to the boy to the girl to the boys to the girls

in the pocket in the pockets on the beach on the beaches

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 35

Contractions of de and em with the indefinite article (urn and its other forms) are optional, both contracted forms and noncontracted forms being used

de um menino or dum menino of a boy de uma escola or duma escola of a school em umas cidades or numas cidades in some cities

14. PLURAL

I. Words ending in a vowel, including nasal vowels, or in a diphthong, usually add s to form the plural:

o gab the rooster os galas the roosters a macd the apple as macds the apples a lei the law as leis the laws

2. Feminine words ending in -ao usually end in -ores in the plural:

a civilizacdo civilization as civilizagoes civilizations

Masculine words in -do usually end in -oes in the plural:

o coractio the heart os coract3es the hearts

However, some end in -dos or in -des:

(Testa° Christian Cris dos Christians alma° German alemdes Germans

3. Words ending in -r or -z add es:

a flor the flower as "ores' the flowers a voz the voice as votes the voices

1 as ores (D.


4. Words ending in -a1, -el, -01, or -id drop the and add is:

o jornal the newspaper os jornais the newspapers anuivel pleasant, nice amdveis (pl.)

15. ADJECTIVES


17. ASKING A QUESTION •

I. To ask a question, use the same word order as for a statement, but change the intonation (this is the more common form, especially in Brazil):

0 senhor chegou cedo. You arrived early. senhor chegou cedo? Did you arrive early?

2. The word order may be inverted, with the verb before the subject:

Chegou o senhor cello ? Did you arrive early?

o aluno alto the tall student (masc.) a aluna alta the tall student (fem.)

os alunos altos the tall students (masc.) as alunas alias the tall students (fem.}

Notice that a descriptive adjective tends to follow the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender and number, that is, it is masculine if the noun is masculine, plural if the noun is plural, etc.

The adjective, used without the noun, indicates through its form whether the noun referred to is masculine or feminine, and whether it is singular or plural:

espanhol. He's Spanish. (ela) espanhola. She's Spanish. Ndes ) Selo espanhois. They're Spanish. (masc.) e as Sao espanholas. They're Spanish. (fern.)

16. POSSESSION

English -'s or -s' is translated by de "of":

a caneta do Liao John's pen ("the pen of John") os cadernos dos the professors' notebooks ("the

professores' notebooks of the professors")

'professores (D.

18. "NO" AND "NOT"

The word for "no" and for "not" is tio. To make a statement negative put 'ilk before the verb:

Isidovefo. I don't see.

REVIEW QUIZ I

. Boa (afternoon), senhor Coelho. a. manila b. tarde C. obrigada

2. Pode dizer-me (where) e o correio? a. onde b. born c. quando

3. (bring me) pcio. a. deseja b. chegou c, traga-me


4. Cafe corn (milk). a. apicar b. vinho c. kite

5. Urn pouco (more) de came. a. mais b. coo c. outro

6. No dia sete de (January). a. ffiarco (Marco b. janeiro (Janeiro 0) c. outubro (Outubro

7. (Wednesday), cinco de setembro. a. sexta-feira b. sdbado C. quartafeira

8. (how) vai (estd) o senhor? amtivel

b. corno c. cedo

9. Boa (evening), Dona Maria. a. corn b. noire c. eu

10. Traga-me urna garrafa de (wine). a. chti b. vinho C. dgua

ANSWERS 1 b; 2a; 3c; 4c; 5a; 6b; 7c; 8b; 9b; 10b.


19. INTRODUCTIONS

Born dia. Good morning. Born dia, senhor. Good morning, sir. Como vai? How are you? Muito bem, obrigado. Very well, thank you.

E o senhor? O How are you? Are senhor é americano? you an American?

Sim, senhor. Yes (sir). senhor fala Do you speak

portugas? Portuguese? Um pouco. A little.

quern I want apresentar-Ihe to introduce to you (a) minha amiga my friend Gloria Santos Gloria Santos

Quero apresentar-lhe I want to introduce (a) minha amiga, to you my friend, Gloria Santos. Gloria Santos.

muito prazer much pleasure Muito prazer. I'm glad to know you.

o prazer the pleasure é todo meu is all mine prazer é todo meu. The pleasure is an mine.

per mita-me allow me apresentar-me to introduce myself Joao Silva John Silva

Permita-me apresentar- May I introduce me. Joao Silva. myself? I'm John

Silva.

Carlos Goines Charles Cronies prazer pleasure

LESSON 9

21. WHAT'S NEW?


em conhece-!ol

Carlos Gomes. Prater em conhece-lo.

permita-me apresentar-lhe (o) meu amigo o doutor Sousa

Permita-me apresentar- lhe (o) men amigo, o doutor Sousa.

muito prazer em conhece-lo Dr. Sousa

Muito prazer em conhece-lo, Dr.

Sousa.

o prazer é todo men

0 prazer r todo men.

en me diverti

(diverti-me 13) muito

Eu me diverti diverti me muito.

to know you ("in knowing you")

Charles Gomes. I'm glad to know you.

allow me to introduce to you my friend Dr. Sousa

I should like to introduce my friend, Dr. Sousa.

much pleasure to know you Dr. Sousa

I'm very glad to know you. Dr. Sousa.

the pleasure is all mine

The pleasure is all mine.

I had a good time

("amused myself") very much

I had a good time.

en tambern gostei muito

Eu tambem gostei muito.

ate logo ate breve

Ate logo. Ate breve.

ate amanha boa noite

Ate amanhA. Boa noite.

ate ja

Ate ja.

ate a volta

Ate a volt&

passe hem

Passe hey.

What'o New?)

Como val, Manuel? Bern, e voce, Joao?

I also I liked very much

I also enjoyed it very much.

good-by ("until soon") good-by ("until soon")

Good-by. Good-by.

until tomorrow good evening, or good

night See you tomorrow. Good night.

until soon

See you soon.

until the return 2 -

See you when you get back.

get along well

Good-by, or Good luck.

How's it going, Manuel? Weil, and how are you,

John?

20. A GOOD TIME

Speaking to a woman it would be conhece -la.

nada e voce que esti fazendo (a fazer (D) agora

Nada. E voce? Que esti fazendo (a fazer agora?

nothing and you what are you doing now

Nothing. And you? What are you doing now?

o que hi de navo (novo (D)

O one hi% de novo?

what is there of new

What's new?

pones' coisa nada de importancia

Ponca cols& Nada de importancia.

little thing nothing of importance

Not much. Nothing important.


ANSWERS

1-6; 2-10; 3-7; 4-4; 5-1; 6-2; 7-3; 8-9; 9 5; 10-8.

22. TO BE OR NOT TO BE

Ser and estar both mean "to be" in Portuguese. Ser tends to be used with characteristic features or qualities and estar with more temporary conditions or features. Note examples for particular uses of each verb.

SER

eu sou I am (tu es) you are (familiar)

mais ou menos

Ma k ou menos.

more Or . - less

So, so.

• ,

QUIZ 6

1. Como vai?

1. Not much. 2. At logo. 2. l should like to in-

troduce my friend to you.

3. Boa noite. 3. See you tomorrow. 4. Que ha de nOvo?

4. What's new? 5. Policia (visa. 5. I'm very glad to

know you. 6. Quern apresentar-lbe 6. How are you?

(o) meu amigo. 7. Ate amanita°. 7. Good night. 8. Novo 8. Good luck (Good-

by). 9. Muito grazer em 9. New

conhece-lo. 10. Passe bon. 10. So long.

Ate logo. So long. Passe Bern. Good luck.


he, she, is, you are we are you are)

They, you, etc. are

ale, ela, o senhor, etc. é nos somos (vOs sots) nes, elan, os senhores,

etc. sio

Sao dins. preciso.

A sala 6 pequena. livro é interessante.

Nos somos alunos.

It is two o'clock. It is necessary. The room is small. The book is interesting. We are students.

ESTAR

ESTAR en estou

estas) Me {ela, o senhor, etc.)

esti nos estamos (vos estais) files (etas, os senhores,

etc.) esti°

I am you are (familiar) he (she, you, etc.) is, are

we are (you are) they (they, you, etc.) are

Onde esta (o) meu Irmo? Ele esti em case. Estou cansado. Estamos prontos. o café esti frio. As janelas estao abertas.

Where is my brother? He is home. I'm tired. We are ready. The coffee is cold. The windows are open.

SER

QUIZ 7 Me é medico. Ele é brasileiro. Oa é jovem. ales sao inteligentes. E ele. Donde (de onde) o

senhor? Sou dos Estados tinkles.

De quern 6? Isto a dele.i E de madeira?

tarde. E cedo.

uma Dora.

He is a doctor. He is a Brazilian. She is young. They are intelligent. It is he. Where are you from?

I'm from the United States.

Whose is it? This is his. Is it made of wood? It is late. It is early. It is one o'clock.

1. tie e Intel genre. 2. EP precis°. 3. 'le e medico. 4. Sou aluno. 5. uma horn. 6. Nos somos medicos.

E de madeira. 8. Donde e o senhor?

Eles estilo em casa. 10. E cedo. 11. Estou cansado. 12. ties sao brasikiros. 13. De quern e? . 14. E tarde. 15. Silo duas.

1. Whose is it? 2. Where are you from? 3. They are Brazilians. 4. He is a doctor. 5. It's early. 6. It is two o'clock. 7. He is intelligent. 8. It is necessary. 9. 1 am a student.

10. It is one o'clock. 11. It's made of wood. 12. We are doctors. 13. They are home. 14. I'm tired. 15. It's late. dele

QUIZ 8

1. It's enough. 2. It's not true. 3. It's very bad. 4. It's near. 5. It's mine. 6. It's true. 7. It's here. 8. It's small. 9. It's easy.

10. It's a lot.

1. muito. 2, E 3. E perto.

bastante. 5. Nilo verdade.

L' muito mau. pequeno.

E verckde. 9. meu..

10. 'std aqui,

•

E E verdade. Nero é verdade. Esti ...I Esti cello! Est i bem.

muito inau. E grande.

pequeno. Ester cam. Esta barato. E perto. E longe. E E E pow). E muito poll. E muito. E bastante. Nero é bastante. Este aqui. Est i ali. E seu.

meu. k nosso. E pars o senhor.

It is . Its true. It's not true. It is . Fine! All right. It's very bad. It's big. It's small. It's expensive. It's cheap. It's near. It's far. It's difficult. It's easy. It's little. It's not much. It's very little. It's a lot. It's enough. It's not enough. It's here. It's over there. It's yours (his, etc.) It's mine. It's ours. It's for you.


ANSWERS

1-7; 2-8; 3-4; 4-9; — 1 ; 6-12; 7-11; 8-2; 9-13; 10-5; 11-14; 12-3; 13-1; • 14 15; 15-6.

23. IT IS

For the difference between e and ester see section 22 above, and also section 39 of the grammar summary.

ANSWERS 1 10; 2-9; 3-4; 4-1; 5 2; 6 3; 7-8; 8-6; 9 5; 10 7.

LESSON 10

24. TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT

I MB=

Know Only a Little Portuguese)

•-•

TO HAVE

eu tenho I have

(tu tens) you have (familiar)

fie teen he has

nos temos we have (vs tender)

(you have) files tern they have

NOT TO HAVE

eu nao tenho I don't have

(tut nio tens) you don't have (familiar)

•


Nio, nio compreendo portugues.

compreendo portugues muito hem.

NA° o pronuncio muito hem.

Preciso de pratica. senhor me compreende (compreende-me

Compreendo. Sao compreendo muito

hem. Que disse o senhor? 0 senhor fala muito

depressa.

Ne no tern nos nAo temos (yes nao tendes) eies nio tern

Tenho tempo. NA° tenho tempo. Nada tenho amigos. Tenho fume. (Estou corn

fome.) 1

Temos sede. 2 (Estamos corn sede.)

Lie tern frio. (Pie esti corn frio.)

ties tern calor. (Eles esti° corn calor).

• senhor tern razao.

he doesn't have we don't have (you don't have) they don't have

I have time. I don't have time. I don't have any friends. I am hungry. ("I have

hunger. I am with hunger.")

We are thirsty. ("We have thirst," etc.)

He is cold.

They are warm.

You are right.

NAo o falo muito bem.

So sei umas poucas palavras (palavras poucas).

Nio posso diner muita coisa em portugues.

O seu amigo fala portugues?

Nio, (0) meu amigo nAo fala portugues.

o senhor compreende portugues?

Compreendo. Cornpreendo tudo mas

no falo. Leio mas nio falo.

I don't speak it very well.

I know only a few words.

I can't say much in Portuguese.

Does your friend speak Portuguese?

No, my friend doesn't speak Portuguese.

Do you understand Portuguese?

I understand (it). I understand everything

but I don't speak (it). I read It but I don't

speak (it). No, I don't understand

Portuguese. I don't understand

Portuguese very well. I don't pronounce it

very well. I need practice. Do you understand me?

I understand. I don't and very

well. What did you say? You speak too fast.

You're speaking too fast.

25. I KNOW ONLY A LITTLE PORTUGUESE

• senhor fala portugues? Do you speak Portuguese?

Fah) urn pouco. I speak a little. Muito pouco. Very little. NAo muito kern. Not very well. Falo portugues. I speak Portuguese. Fah:, (-0) mat. I speak (it) poorly.

The first form, Tenho fome, etc., is more common in Por- tugal: the second form given, Estou nom forte, etc., is more common in Brazil.

2 sede


51

• senhor é portugues? • o senhor, sou

brasileiro. Mas tenho urn amigo que portugues.

HA quanto tempo o senhor esti nos Estados Unidos?

Tres meses. • senhor vai aprender

ingles ern pone° tempo. Nao é muito dificil.

En acho que a mais Midi do que o senhor diz.

Are you Portuguese? No sir, I'm (a) Brazilian.

But I have a friend who is Portuguese.

How long have you been in the United States?

Three months. You'll soon learn

English. ("You'll learn English in little time.") It's not very difficult.

I think it's more difficult than you say.

Talvez o senhor tenha Perhaps you are right. razio. E mais flicil ("Perhaps you have para n6s aprender reason.") It is easier portugues que para os for us to learn Portu. senhores aprender guese than for you ingles. (pi.) to learn English.

• senhor fala muito hem portugures.

Morei varios anos no Brasil

• senhor tern urea boa pronfincia.

Muito obrigado. Mas precis° de praticar.

Corn licenca. 0 avkao vai sair•

You speak Portuguese very well

I lived several years in Brazil.

You have a good pronunciation.

Thank you. But I need to practice.

If you'll excuse me. ("With permission.") The plane is about to leave.


Fale mais devagar. Speak more slowly. Tenha a bondade de falar Please speak more

mais devagar. slowly. ("Have the kindness to . ..")

Desculpe, as nab Excuse (me), but I compreendi nada. didn't understand

anything. Queira repetir. Please repeat. Compreende agora?

Do you understand now?

Sim, compreendo. Yes, 1 understand. Que quer diner isso em What does that mean in

portugues?

Portuguese? Como se diz "Thanks" How do you say

em portugues?

"Thanks" in Portuguese?

Como se escreve essa How do you spell palavra?

("write") that word? Faca o favor de Please write it.

escreve-Ja.

LESSON 1 1

26. DO YOU SPEAK PORTUGUESE?

(Do you speak Portuguese?)

Born dia, senhor. Good morning, sir. Born dia. Good morning.

senhor fala portugues? Do you speak Portuguese?

Sim, Palo. Yes, I do. ("I speak") Nao lab° ingles. I don't speak English.

QUIZ 9 1. Compreendo mas nao 1.

falo. 2. Compreende agora? 2. 3. Aldo falo muito be. 3. 4. 0 senhor fala muito 4.

depressa. 5. Como se escreve essa

palavra? 6. 0 senhor fala

portugues? Precisb de praticar.

10.

8. um pow.°

Faca o favor de repetir.

10. nil() muito bem

11. 'ale mais devagar. 11.

12. Fab (-0) mal. 12. 13. Que disse o senhor? 13.

M. Como se diz "Thanks" 14. em portugues?

15. Nilo compreendi muito 15. bem.

Do you speak Portuguese? I need to practice. a little What did you say?

I don't speak (it) very well. How do you say "Thanks" in Portuguese? You speak too fast. Do you understand now? How do you spell that word? I speak (it) poorly.

5. Please repeat (it).

6. not very well

7. I didn't understand (it) very well.

8. I understand (it) but I don't speak (it).

9. Speak more slowly.


Boa sorte e boa viagem.

Adeus. Adeus.

Good luck and a pleasant trip. Good-by. • - Good-by.


ANSWERS

1-8; 2-13; 3-10; 4-12; 5-14; 6-1; 7-2; 8-3; 9 5; 10 6; 11-9; 12-15; 13-4; 14-11; 15-7.

27. EXCUSE ME

Excuse me. (asking pardon for something done)

Excuse me. (asking permission to do something, as to leave, etc.)

Please repeat. ("Do the favor to repeat.")

Gladly. ("With much pleasure.")

At your service. ("At your orders.")

What can I do for you? ("In what can I serve you?")

You are very kind. That's very kind of you.

Thank you. Many thanks. Many, many thanks. Don't mention it. Don't mention it It's nothing. Don't mention it. ("It

wasn't anything.")

Desculpe.

Corn licenca.

Fad o favor de repetir.

Corn muito prazer.

As suas rdens.

Em que posso servi-lo?

senhor é muito amfivel.

Obrigado. Muito obrigado. Multissimo °brigade. De nada. Nio ha de que. NAo é nada. to foi nada.


These forms are also used before nouns:

este merino this boy esta senhora this lady essa bandeira that flag (near you) aguale rapaz that young boy (over

there) &males vizinhos those neighbors

Da keno?

May I ("Do you give permission?")

Pois

Of course.

LESSON 12

28. THIS AND THAT

QUIZ 10

1. Give me those over there.

2. That one over there. 3. This lady. 4. This one. 5. That young boy

over there. 6. This boy. 7. Give me these. 8. That one (near you). 9. Those neighbors.

10. Give me that one. (fem.)

(Thii and Thai)

De-me este.' De-me esta. De-me estes. 1 De-me estas. De-me &se.'

De-me essa. De-me esses. 1 De-me essas. De-me aquele. 1

De-me aquela. De-me aqueles. 1 De-me aquelas.

Give me this one. (tnasc.) Give me this one. (fem.) Give me these. (masc.) Give me these. (fem.) Give me that one, (masc.)

(near the person spoken to; also in next three examples)

Give me that one. (fern.) Give me those. (masc.) Give me those. (fem.) Give me that one. (masc.)

(something farther away; Also in the next three examples)

Give me that one. (ern,) Give me those. (masc.) Give me those. (fern.)

1. De-me estes.

2. Este. 3. De-me essa. 4. Este merino. 5. Esse.

6. Aqueles vizinhos. 7. De-me aqueles.

Aquele. Esta senhora. Aquele rapaz.

ANSWERS

1-7; 2-4; 3 10; 4 6; 5-8; 6 9; 7-1; 8 2; 9—; 10-5.

Fico com este. take this one. Fico corn estes, etc. take these, etc.

I este, ester, esse, esses, aquele, aqueles (EL

29. MORE OR LESS

1. More

mais devagar more slowly mais dificil more difficult



mais mats longe mais perto mais que isso mais dum ano

2. Less

menos devagar menos dificil menos menos longe menos perto memos que isso menos dum ano

easier farther nearer more than that more than a year

less slowly less difficult less easy less far, not so far not so near less than that less than a year

4. 0 senhor fala muito (fast). a. devagar b, bem c. depressa

5. A manhar vou (there). a. ki b. aqui

esse

6. (where) estici? a. aqui b onde C. como

REVIEW QUIZ 2

(this) menino, a. esta b. ese c. essa

2 De-me (those,fem.). a essas

estes c. aqui*

3. Tenho (here) os livros, a. isso b. aqui c. como

E (far) daqui. a. longe b. perto c. ali

Hoe (Friday). a. quinta-feira

sexta-feira c. fevereiro

9. LI ?mho (expensive). caro barato

C, pouco 10. As janelas estao (open).

a. fechadas b. abertas c. all


ANSWERS -

I b.; 2 a.; 3 b.; 4 c.; 5 a.; 6 b.; 7 a.; 8 b.; 9 a.; 10 b.

30. "AND" AND "BUT"

I. e "and" 0 Roberto e o JoAo Robert and John are

Rio irmAos. brothers.

2. ou "or" Cinco ou seis detares. Five or six dollars. Vou cone (o) meu I'm going with my

irmAo ou corn (a)

brother or with my minha Irma. sister.

QUIZ 11

1. ingtes 1. five or six days

e 2. He is not French

but English. 3. mas

3. seven or eight hours cunhado

4. English irmdo

5. but 6. cinco ou seis dial

6. tomorrow quando

7. brother-in-law 8. Ede ndo e frames mas 8. and

ingles. 9. amanha

9. when 10. sere ou oito horns 10. brother

ANSWERS

3. mas "but" Quer° it mas nao sei

quando. Desejo estudar mas

Tao posso.

4. nem "nor" "not even" Nem (o) meu cunhado

me visitou.

chorou. cried.

nem . . nem "neither . Nem o soldado nem

o marinheiro vieram. Ela new riu nem

(Where?)

1. Where?

Onde estg? Aqui. Ali.

direita. esquerda.

Na esquina.

LESSON 13

31. WHERE?

Where is it? Here. There. To the right. To the left. On the corner.

Not even my brother- in-law visited me.

..nor" Neither the soldier nor

the sailor came. She neither laughed nor

I want to go but I don't know when.

I want to study but I can't.

LESSON 14

61 60 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

Fica na Rua da Liberdade.

Fka na Praca de Santa Ana.

or onde? Por aqui. Por all. Como se vai la? Siga bem em frente. Dobre (vire a a

direita. Dobre (vire ce,)

esquerda. Onde é isso? E aqui. E aqui mesmo.

ali. E mais adiante. E longe? A que distancia flea? Fica (é) perto. Nii° 6 muito longe. E longe daqui? Onde estio os oculos?

Estio aqui. Esti° aqui mesmo. Estio ali.

Esti° al. Onde esti o senhor? Estou aqui. Ele esti aqui. Ela esti ali.

It's on Liberty Street.

It's on Saint Anne's Square.

Which way? This way. That way. How do you get there? Continue straight ahead. Turn to your right.

Turn to your left.

Where's that? It's here. It's right here. It's there. It's farther on. Is it far? How far is it from here? It's near. It's not very far. Is it far from here? . Where are the

eyeglasses? They are here. They are right here. They're over there (away

from us). They're there (near you). Where are you? Here I am. He's here. She's over there.

ties estio por al.

Ponha-o aqui. Ponha-o ali. Espere-me aqui. Espere-me al. Venha Va la. La muito longe. Aqui perto.

(Aqui e

La na Africa. Aqui na America. La dentro. La fora. Onde (ek) mora? Mora all. Espero ve-lo all.

Ela esti ali. (0) ,folio more aqui? Mora. Mo, nAo mora aqui.

Mora ail. Passe por aqui. Passe por Saia por all.

They're over there somewhere.

Put it here. Put it there. Wait for me here. Wait for me there. Come over here. Go over there. Way over there. Near here.

(Here and There)

Over there in Africa. Here in America. In there. Out there. Where does he live? He lives there. 1 expect to see him

there. She is there. Does John live here? He does. No, he doesn't live here.

He lives there. Go this way. Go that way. Co out that way.

2. Here and There

Aqui "here" refers to something near the speaker:


Fiat a dues quadras It's two blocks from (doffs quarteiroes) here. daqui.

Flea a uma milha daqul. It's a mile from here. Flea a mil quillametrosi It's a thousand

daqui. kilometers from here.

Tenho aqui Os sapatos. I have the shoes here.

Al "there" refers to something near the person spoken to:

(0) que tem (o senhor) al ? What do you have there?

Cd "here" expresses motion toward the speaker:

Veuha ci! Come here!

Ali "there" refers to something away from both:

Des vem dill. They're coming from over there.

Lei "there" refers to something more remote:

tie ficou la no norte. He stayed there in the north.

(Acold is used in some areas).

Note: Per aqui means "this way" or "through here"; por all means "that way" or "through there":

Passe por aqui. Go this way.

3. Near and Far Perto daqul. Near here. Muito perto. Very near. Perto da cidade. Near the city. Perto do parque. Near the park. Ao lado da igreja. Next to the church. Elone?

Is it far? E longe daqui?

Is it far from here? E muito longe. It is very far. Nao é to longe. It's not very far.

QUIZ 12

1. Lana Africa. 1. 1 expect to see him there.

2. Espere-me aL

2. in there. 3. Aqui. 3. To the left. 4. direita, 4. It's far. 5. Ali. 5. Here. 6. E aqui rnesmo. 6. Wait for me there. 7. Espero ye-bo all. 7. Near here. 8. esquerda. 8. To the right. 9. longe. 9. There.

JO. 1i dentro. 10. Out there. Ele esu por al. 11. Go that way.

12. .E p•o. 12. It's right here. 13. Lea fora. 13. Over there in Africa. 14. Passe por all. 14. He's somewhere

around there. 15. Perto daqui. 15. it's near.

ANSWERS

1-13; 2-6; 3-5; 4-8; 5-9; 6-12; 7-1; 8-3; 9-4; 10 2; 11-14; 12 15; 13- 10; 14-11; 15-7.

I quilometros

2. It's Me (I)

Sou eu. (Es tn.) E Me. E ela. E o senhor. E a senhora. E vim.

Somos nos. (Sots its.) Sao tiles. Sao etas.

It's me (I). (It's you.) (familiar) It's he. It's she. It's you. (masc.) It's you (fem.) It's you.

It's us (we). (It's you.) It's them (they) (masc.) It's than (they) (fem.)


32. I, YOU, HE

1. 1, You, He, etc.

eu {tu} ele ela o senhor a senhora voce eu lab (tu falai) ele fact ela Pala o senhor fala a senhora Pala vocitfala

nOs (Ws) Res etas os seashores as senhoras votes

nos falamos (Ws falais) Res falam etas falam as seashores falam as senhoras falam votes falam

SINGULAR

(you) (familiar) he she you (masc., polite) you (fem., polite) you (friendly) I speak (you speak) (familiar) he speaks she speaks you speak (masc.) you speak (fem.) you speak

PLURAL

we (you) they (masc.) they (fem.) you (masc.) you (fem.) you

we speak (you speak) they speak (masc.) they speak (fem.) you speak (masc.) you speak (fem.) you speak

3. My, Your, His The possessive adjectives and pronouns will agree with the word they refer to in gender (masc. or , fem.) and number (sing. or plural). This accounts for the four forms for each

Masc. Fem. Masc. Fem. Sing. Sing. P1. Pi. meu minha meus minas my (teu tua teas tuas your

(familiar) seu sua seus suas your (his,

her)

nosso nossa nossos nossas our (vosso vossa vossos vossas)

your seu sua seus suas your (their)

SINGULAR

my watch my niece your (his, her) nephew your (his, her) cousin

Vim)

our cousin (masc.) our mother-in-law your (their) father-in-law your (their) auk

meu relOgio minha sobrinha seu sobrinho sua prima

nosso prima nossa sogra seu sogro sua tin

PLURAL

my watches any nieces your (his, her) nephews your (his, her) cousins

our cousins our mothers-in-law your (their)

fathers-in-law your (their) aunts

meus refrigios minhas sobrinhas seus sobrinhos suas primas

nossos primps nossas sogras seus sogros

suas tins

Other Examples: MASCULINE SINGULAR

Onde esta (o) meu Where is my brother?

irmtio? 1 Onde estti (o) seu Where is your (his, her)

irmo brother?

(Useful Word Forms)

Study the following examples:

I The use of the definite article with possessive adjectives is optional. However, the tendency is to use the article, more so in Portugal than in Brazil (where it is often not used withLfam- ily or other close relationships: meu pal my father, minha Irma my sister, etc.): o meu amigo, a minha amiga, etc.


LESSON 15

SINGULAR

my friend (masc.) my friend (fem.) (your friend) (familiar) (your friend) (familiar) your (his, her) friend your (his, her) friend

our friend our friend (your friend) (your friend) your friend (their friend) your friend (their friend)

PLURAL

my friends my friends (your friends) (familiar) (your friends) (familiar) your (his, her) friends your (his, her) friends our friends our friends (your friends) your friends) your friends (their

friends) your friends (their

friends)

meu amigo minha amiga (teu amigo) (tua amiga) seu amigo sua amiga

nosso amigo nossa amiga (vosso amigo) (vossa amiga) seu amigo sua amiga

meus amigos minhas amigas (teus amigos) (tuas amigas) seus amigos suas amigas

nossos amigos nossas amigas (vossos amigos) (vossas amigas) seus amigos

suas amigas

68 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 69 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

Onde end (o) nosso irmdo?

Onde estd (o) seu irmdo?

FEMININE

Onde end (a) mina irmd?

Onde estd (a) sua irma?

Onde estd (a) nossa Irma?

Onde es td (a) sua irmd?

Onde est& (os) meus chapeus?

Onde estdo (os) seas chapel's?

Onde estdo (os) nossos chapel's?

Onde estdo (os) seas Mapes's?

Onde estdo (as) minhas luvas?

Onde estdo (as) seas luvas?

Onde estdo (as) nossas luvas?

Onde est& (as) mas - luvas?

Where is our brother?

Where is your (their) brother?

SINGULAR

Where is my sister?

Where is your (his, her) sister?

Where is our sister?

Where is your (their) sister?

Where are my hats?

Where are your (his, her) hats?

Where are our hats?

Where are your (their) hats?

Where are my gloves?

Where are your (his, her) gloves?

Where are our gloves?

Where are your (their) gloves?

4. It's Mine There are article and

a. E meu. g seu.

nosso seu#

b. and one possessor, possessed:

g o meu o seu

o noss o seu

Other Examples:

Meus amigos e os seas. Seu Iivro g melho• que

nosso. De quern e a luva?—E

minha.

Notice the form of after a preposition:

para rnim (para ti) para corn eta

My friends and yours. Your book is better than

ours. Whose glove is this?—

It' mine. the pronoun when it comes

for me (for you) (familiar) for him with her

MASCULINE PLURAL

FEMININE PLURAL

two forms, one without the definite stressing the possessor:

It's mine. It's yours (his, hers).

Its ours. It's yours (theirs).

with the definite article, indicating the but with some thought on the object

It's mine. It's yours (his, hers).

0. It's ours. it's yours (theirs).

SINGULAR

PLURAL

for us (in our behalf) (for you) with them (masc.) without them (fem. ) for you (fem.) with you

He saw me. (He saw you.) (familiar) He saw him (you, masc.). He saw her (you, fem.).

They saw us. (They saw you.) We saw them (you,

masc.).

5. He Saw Me

Ele me vial te viu.)

Ele o le a viii.

files nos viram. ales vos Aram.) Nos ors vimos.

por nos (para v6s) corn files sem elm para as senhoras com voces

6. About Me

Falo de voce. ('alas de mirn.)

Ela fala

tie fala dela.

Falamos dos senhores.

(Falais de nos.)

ties falam des senhoras.

Etas falam dales,


We saw them (you, _ fem.).

I'm speaking about you. (You [familiar] are

speaking about me.) She is speaking about

him. He is speaking about

her. We are speaking about

you (masc.). (You are speaking

about us.) They (masc.) are

speaking about you (fem.)

They (fem.) are speaking about them (masc.).

sem o senhor without you (masc.) Nos as vimos.

de voce of you

In Continental Portuguese: Ele viu-me. (Ele viu-te.) Ele viu-o. Ele via-a. Eles viram-nos. (nes viram-vos.) Nos vim-Is. (See item 5, section Nes vireo-las. 20, grammar summary.)

Brazilian usage favors the object pronoun before the verb, Continental Portuguese favors it after the verb. For more information on the position of object pronouns see section 20 of the grammar summary.

In the examples in section 7, 8, 9 and 10 on pp. 71-73, Continental Portuguese would favor the object pronoun after the verb: Ele disse-me, Ele deu-Ine, etc.

7 He Told Me

tie me dime' (tie te disse.) tie the disse,

tie nos disse. (Lie vos disse.)

e lhes disse.

He told me. He told you.) (familiar)

He told you, him, her.

He told us. He told you.)

He told you, them.

Note: It is generally not considered the best form to begin a sentence or a clause with an object pronoun. The subject pronoun may precede, as above, or the object pronoun may follow the verb and be attached to it with a hyphen: Disse-me. However, in Brazilian speech this has become quite common and must be considered an acceptable pattern.

8. He Gave It to Me

Ele me deu. (Ek te deu.)

tie the deu.

tie nos deu. (De vos deu.} Lie /hes deu.

He gave it to me. He gave it to you.)

(familiar) He gave it to you, him,

her. He gave it to us. He gave it to you.)

He gave it to you, them. Note: The direct object pronoun, if used with an indirect object pronoun, is contracted with it, forming such new forms as mo, to, lo, no-lo, vo-lo, and lho. These forms are somewhat awk- ward and are generally avoided, especially in conversation. Thus, the direct object pronoun may be omitted, as in the examples above, or the direct object pronoun may be used and the indirect object replaced by the prepositional form: tie o deu a mim, etc.

9. I'm Speaking to You Eu lhe falo, or, Falo-le. I'm speaking to you.


73 72 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

Ele !he fala, or, He is speaking to you. Fala-le.

10. Myself, Yourself

Eu me lavo. (Tu te lavas.)

ela, 0 senhor, voce se lava.

Nos nos lavamos. (Vas vos lavais.) Pies se lavam. Elas se lavam, etc.

wash myself (You wash yourself.)

(familiar) He washes himself, she

washes herself, you wash yourself.

We wash ourselves. (You wash yourselves.) They wash themselves. They (fern.) wash

themselves, etc.

Other Examples:

Como se Mama o senhor?

Nos nos vemos no espelho.

ties se escrevem.

What is your name? ("What do you call yourself?"

We see ourselves in the mirror.

They write to each other.

Notice the forms for "myself," "yourself," etc.: me, te, se, etc. Verbs which take these "reflexive pronouns" are called "reflexive" verbs. There are verbs which are reflexive in Portuguese but not in English as, for example:

Eu me divirto. I'm having a good time. tie se senta, He sits down. Neu nos levantamos. We get up. We are

getting up. Ela nil° se sente berm. She doesn't feel well.


75

Some of these reflexive verbs use a preposition before a following object:

ties se despedem They are taking leave of de secs amigos. their friends.

Ela se ri de nos. She is laughing at us. senhor no° se aireve You don't dare tell me. a dizer -me.

The "se" form is often used where the passive form would be used in English:

Escrevem-se. 8. He told me. Deu-lhes. 9. We see ourselves.

10. Despedem-se. 10. He sits down.

ANSWERS

1-10; 2-9; 3-6; 4-8; 5 1; 6-5; 7-4; 8-7; 9-3;

Fala-se portages aqui.

As portas se abrem as olio.

Portuguese is spoken here.

The doors are opened at eight.

11. It and Them

SINGULAR PLURAL

The "se" form is also used to translate the indefinite "one," "they," "people," etc., in English:

Diz-se que

I. Sent r-. 2. Nth nos vemos.

3. Divirto-me. Disse-me. NOs nos levantamos. Eu me lava

pre de-se muito aqui.

Ri-se.

QUIZ 13

1. We get up. 2. They are taking

leave. 3. Fle.gave it to them. 4. She laughs. 5. I wash myself 6. I'm having a good

time. 7. They write to each

other.

It's said that . . . They say that ... People say that ..

You ("one learns") learn a lot here.

os them as them

Do you have the money? Yes, I have it. Do you have the letter? Yes, I have it. Did you see John and

Peter? Yes, I saw them. Did you see Mary and

Anna? Yes, I saw them.

Notice that the pronoun is masculine if the word it refers to is masculine, plural if the word it refers to is plural, etc. In conversation a short answer is often given, as just the verb form as shown above. If the object pronoun is used in the answer, it can follow the verb, as shown above in parentheses, or it can precede the verb: Sim, eta os tenho, etc.

Masculine o it Feminine a it

senhor tem o dinheiro? Tenho. (Sim, tenho-o.)

senhor tem a carta? Tenho. (Sim, tenho-a.)

senhor vi u Jotio e Pedro?

Vi. (Sim, vi-os.) senhor viu Maria e Ana?

Vi. (Sim, vi-as.)


Generally an object pronoun used with an infinitive may precede or follow the infinitive if a preposition comes before the infinitive (however, with the prepositions a and em the pronoun comes after the infinitive):

Para me falar or to speak to me para falar-me

In the above case, and when the infinitive follows another verb, Brazilian usage usually favors using the object pronoun before the infinitive:

Pie quer me falar. He wants to speak to me.

Notice that o, os, a, as, are also used to translate "you":

Ndo o vi. I didn't see you. (masc. sing.)

Muir° grazer em I'm very glad to know conhece-la. you. (fern. sing.)

Ele os chamou. He called you. (masc. pi)

Notice in the second example above that when a direct object pronoun follows the infinitive, the final r of the infinitive is dropped and an I is prefixed to the direct object pronoun.

REVIEW QUIZ 3

1. E (she). ek ela

c. eu

2. Somos (us). a. Res b. tu c. nos

Dou o livro a (him). tile

b. o senhor C. 0

(her) vestido. a. (o) seu b. (o) meu c. (o) nosso

5. (our) camas. (o) nosso

b. (as) nossas c. (o) teu

Onde estdo (my) livros? a. (os) teus b. (os) meus c. (a) nossa

Seu livro e melhor que o (ours). a. vossos

nosso c. seu

Falamos _ (about him). a. o senhor b. ales c. dile

ANSWERS

1 b.; 2 c.; 3 a.; 4 a.; 5 b.; 6 b.; 7 b.; 8 c.; b.; 10 b.; 11 C.; 12 a.; 13 c.; 14 c.; 15 a.

LESSON 16

33. A FEW SHORT PHRASES

(Usefisi Phrases)

Cuidado! Tenha cuidado! Atenciio! Depressa! Mais depressa. Devagar. Mais devagar. J ► vou. Vamos embora. Vamos Vamos! Depressa! Nao hi pressa. Estou corn pressa. No estou corn pressa. Um momento! Venha ja! Imediatamente. Agora mesmo! Aqui mesmo. Cedo. Mais redo. Mais tarde. Muito hem. Esti cert.

Watch out Be careful! Watch out! Attention! Watch out! Hurry up! Faster. Slowly. Slower. I'm coming. Let's leave. Let's go. Come on, let's hurry! There's no hurry. I'm in a hurry. I'm not in a hurry. Just a minute! Come right away! Immediately. Right now! Right here. Soon. Sooner. Later. - Very well. All right.


79

. Ale (us) deu. a. se 5. nos C. nossos

10. Como se (call) o senhor? a. lavo 5. chama

vemos

L Nelss nos (wash). a. lava b. lavais c. lavamos

12. -se (They take leave). a. despedem

levantam c. sente

13. -me (sit down). a. diz b. lavo c. sento

14. 'a o- (to him). a. a tiles b. o senhor c. the

15. New se (dare). a. atreve b. lavam c, levantamos


QUIZ 14

L Cuidado!

I. Slower. Estou corn pressa. 2. Right now!

3. Um momento!

3. Come right away! Ledo. 4. I'm coming. Imediatamente. 5. Watch out!

6. Mais tarde. 6. Later .

Mais devagar. 7. I'm in a hurry. 8. id you. 8. Just a minute!

Venhajd!

9. Immediately. 10. Agora mesmo I

10. Soon.

ANSWERS

1-5; 2-7; 3 8; 4-10; 5-9; 6-6; 7-1; 8 ,44; 9-3; 10 2,

34. MAY I ASK?

Permite que the fa ca May I ask you a uma pergunta? question?

Permita-me perguntar- Allow me to ask you ... The ...

Pode me dizer Can you tell me? (dizer-me Cer

Podia me dizer Could you tell me? (dizer-me

Queira me dizer Please tell me. (dizer-me

Tenha a bondade de me Please tell me. dizer (dizer-me

Rica o favor de me dizer Please tell me. (dizer-me 12).

Quer me dizer Will you tell me? (dizer-me (3).

Que quer dizer o senhor? What do you mean? Quern dizer que I mean that . Que quer dizer isso? What does that mean? Auer dizer It means .

LESSON 17

35. NUMBERS

1. • One, Two, Three

um (masc.) uma (fern.) dois (masc.) duas (fent) tres quatro dna, seis sete oito nave dez one doze treze catorze (quatorze) quinze dezesseis (dezasseis dezessete (dezassete ®) dezoito dezenove (dezanove

vt vinte e um (uma) vinte e dois (duas) vinte e fres

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen

twenty twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three


trinta trinta e um (uma) trinta e dois (duas) trinta e tres

quarenta quarenta e um (uma) quarenta e dois (duas) quarenta e tres

cingliental cinqiienta e um (uma) cinquenta e dois (duas) cinqiienta e tees

sessenta sessenta e urn (uma) sessenta e dois (ducts) sessenta e tres

setenta setenta e um (uma) setenta e dois (duas) setenta e tries

oitenta oitenta e urn (uma) oitenta e dois Nu m) oitenta e hies

noventa noventa e um (uma)

thirty thirty-one thirty-two thirty-three

forty forty-one forty-two forty-three

fifty fifty-one fifty-two fifty-three

sixty sixty-one sixty-two sixty-three

seventy seventy-one seventy-two seventy-three

eighty eighty-one eighty-two eighty-three

ninety ninety-one

noventa e dois (duas) ninety-two noventa e tres ninety-three

2, Some More Numbers

120 cent° e vinte 122 cento e vinte e dois (duas) 130 cento e Uinta

140 cento e quarenta 150 cento e cinquenta 160 cent ° e sessenta 170 cento e setenta 178 cento e setenta e oito 200 duzentos, duzentas 300 trezentos, trezentas 400 quatrocentos, quatrocentas 500 quinhentos, quinhentas 600 seiscentos, seiscentas 700 setecentos, setecentas 800 oitocentos, oitocentas 900 novecentos, novecentas

1965 mil novecentos e sessenta e cinco 1,000,000 um milhao (de)

eem one hundred canto e um (uma)

a hundred and one cento e dois (duas) a hundred and two

canto e tits a hundred and three

mil one thousand

mil e um (uma) a thousand and one

mil e dois(dual) , a thousand and two mil e tres a thousand and three

cinquenta Notice that in addition to the numbers "one" and

LESSON 18 QUIZ

I. mil 2. one 3. cern

terceiro trinta vinte sessenta e sere

8. trezentos e vinte e quatro

9. trinta e dois 10. cent° e dot's 11. oitocentos e setenta

e calico 12. setenta e urn 13. mil e dois 14. quinhentos e cinqUenta

e cinco 15. oitenta e tres

15

1. 1002 2. 32 3. 102 4. 324 5. 11 6. 1000 7. 67 8. 71

9. 3rd 10. 875 11. 83

12. 555 13. 20 14. 30

15. 100

ANSWERS

1-6; 2-5; 3-15; 4-9; 5-14; 6-13; 7-7; 8-4; 9 2; 10-3; 11-10; 12 8; 13-1; 14-12; 15-11.



"two" the plural hundred forms also have feminine forms: duzentos, duzentas, etc. MiMilo uses de before a completing noun: um milhao de Mares.

Sete vezes 1 fres: vinte e um.

Oito vexes oito: sessenta e quatro.

Vinte e urn divido por sete: ties.

Seven times three is twenty-one.

Eight times eight is sixty-four.

Twenty-one divided by seven is three.

/CB (How Much?)

3. First, Second, Third

The following ordinal numbers each have four forms, masculine singular and plural, and feminine singular and plural: primeiro, primeiros, primeira, primeiras, etc.

primeiro first segundo second terceiro third quarto fourth quinto fifth sexto sixth setimo seventh oitavo eighth nom ninth decinio tenth

4. Two and Two

Dois e dois: quatro. Two and two are four. (Also used: Dois mais dois sdo patrol,. Dois mais dois igual a quatro.) Quatro e dois: seis. Four and two are six. Dez menos dois: oito. Ten minus two is eight. vexes (D.


87 86 CONVERSA TIONAL PORTUGUESE

Custa quarenta centavos.

Quanto é uma libra (um guido) de café?

Estamos vendendo a oitenta centavos a libra (o quilo).

MUCH?

How much does this cost?

It costs forty cents.

How much is a pound (a kilogram) of coffee?

It costs eighty cents a pound (a kilogram). ("We're selling at eighty cents," etc.)

Eu morn na Rua do Passeio no (niunero), duzentos e trinta.

Ela more na Praia da Bandeira.

A Ma é na Avenida Rio Branco,

I live at 230 Passeio Street.

She lives on Bandeira Plaza.

The store is on Rio Branco Avenue.

36. HOW

Quarto costa into?

38. MY ADDRESS IS .

39. MY TELEPHONE NUMBER IS .

37. IT COSTS

Custa Este livro costa sessenta

cruzeiros. Ele comprou um ca m

por dois mil fares. A viagem de navio é

trezentos Mares. Tenho economizado

para poder comprar um sobretudo.

No mes de junhoi ale ganhou mats de um conto.

Vende-se so por (or ao) quilo.

It costs . This book costs sixty

cruzeiros. He bought a car for two

thousand dollars. The trip by ship is three

hundred dollars. I've saved to be able to

buy an overcoat.

In the month of June he earned more than a conto (1000 cruzeiros or escudos).

It is sold only by the kilogram.

0 ?lamer° de meu telefone fres, dois, oito, oito.

0 rainier° de set, telefone a quatro, zero, oito, dois, zero.

Nilo esqueca a numero de meu telefone; e dois, urn, zero, cinco.

Lin a, or favor Vou discar o numero.

0 numero sere, um, dois, of o, nao responde.

My telephone number is 3288.

Their telephone number is: 4-0820.

Don't forget my telephone number: 2105.

Line, please. I'm going to dial the number.

Number 7128 does not answer.

Junho (p).

40. THE NUMBER IS .

0 mimero The number is .

Meu minter°

My number is

Agosto 2 Portuguese ilo

89 88 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

Moro no quarto ntimero trinta. ntimero de meu apartamento é cento e vinte.

Moro na Quin to Avenida, trezentos e trinta e dois, quint o andar,

Hive in room 30.

My apartment number is 120.

I live at 332 Fifth Avenue, fifth floor.

vinte e cinco de dezembro.

dezessete (dezassete (p)) de novembro.

tree de fevereiro. vinte e olto de agosto. 1

25th of December.

17th of November.

13th of February. 28th of August.

42. SOME DATES LESSON 19

41. WHAT'S TODAY?

(What's the Date?)

Que dia da semana é boje?

segunda-feira. A quartos do ms

estamos?

Estamos a vinte.

Estatnos a um (primero) de

maio. 1 onze de abril. quatro de julho. quinze de setembro. vinte e urn de junho.

1 In Portugal, Maio, etc.

What day is it today? ("What day of the week is today?")

It's Monday. What day of the month

is it ("At how many of the month are we?")

It's the 20th. ("We're at the 20th.")

It's the . 1st of May.

11th of April. 4th of July. 15th of September. 21st of June.

A America foi descoberta em mil quatrocentos e noventa e dois.

Os portugueses descobriram oBrasil em mil e quinhentos.

0 Arai dele faleceu em mil novecentos e sessenta e dois.

Estivemos I em mil novecentos e quarenta e seis ou quarenta e sere.

Que aconteceu em mil novecentos e quarenta e um?

o presidente Roosevelt faleceu em mil novecentos e quarenta e cinco..

America was discovered in 1492.

The Portuguese discovered Brazil in 1500.

His father died in 1962.

We were there in 1946 or 1947.

What happened in 1941?

President Roosevelt died in 1945.

LESSON 20

90

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

1. E segunda-feira. 2. A quartos do ms

estamos? 3. A primeiro de julho.

4. Estamos a vinte. 5. A onze de abril. 6. A vinte e oito de

fevereiro. 7. A vinte e cinco de

junho. 8. Mil seiscentos e cinco. 9. A tree de agosto.

10. Faleceu.

Que horas so? uma horn.

g uma e eine°. E uma e dez. g uma e quinze. E uma e urn quarto.

urna e meia. Faltam de z para as

duas.

1. On the 25th of June. 2. On the 28th of

February. 3. On the 13th of

August. 4. 1605. 5. It's Monday. 6. What day of the

month is it? 7. He died.

8. On the 1st of July. 9. On the 11th of April.

10. It's the 20th.

What time is it? 1:00. 1:05. 1.10. 1:15. 1.15. 1:30. 1:50 ("ten minutes to

two").

Sao duas Ohoras). Sao tres.

quatro. Sio cinco. Sao seis. Sao sete. SA° oito. SAo nove. SAo de z horas. SAo onze. E meio-dia. E meia-noite.

minuto horn

A que horas? A que horas chegou?

or favor, digs-me que horas

Que floras tern o senhor?

Que horns so peio seu relOgio?

(What Time Is It?)

Sao try e dez. Sao seis e meia. Sao duas mews um

quarto.

2:00. 3:00. 4:00. 5:00. 6:00. 7:00. 8:00. 9:00.

10:00. 11:00. 12:00. It's noon. 12:00. It's midnight.

minute hour

(At) what time? At what time did you

arrive? Please tell me the time.

What time do you have?

What time is it by your watch?

It's 3:10. It's 6:30. It's a quarter to two.

QUIZ 16

ANSWERS

1 5; 2-6; 3-8; 4 10; 5-9; 6 2; 7 I; 8-4; 9-3; 10-7.

43. WHAT TIME IS IT?


3. L' uma. 4. Sdo tres. 5. Sao nove. 6. meia-noite. 7. A que horas? 8. Vr o tenho tempo. 9. uma e urn quarto.

10. Silo quatro horas. 11. Sdo duas. 12. Ela vein de vez em

quando. 13. .E meio-dia. 14. E uma e elm°. 15. Sao tres e quarenta

da tarde.

3. At what time? 4. It's time to do it. 5. It's 2:00. 6. It's 1:00. 7. 1 haven't any time. 8. It's 3:40 p.m. 9. It's noon.

10. It's 3:00. 11. It's 1:05. 12. It's 4:00. •

13. What time is it? 14. It's 1:15. 15. It's midnight.

Ainda nao silo quatro. A que horas sai trem

(combolo As nove em ponto. Quase is nove. Sao dez horas da As oito e quarenta da

noite. As sets da tarde. As dez da !mite.

It's not four yet. What time does the train

leave? At 9 o'clock sharp. About 9 o'clock. It's 10 a.rn. At 8:40 p.m.

At 6 p.m. At 10 p.m.

Notice that to indicate "a.m." or "p.m." you add da mangy, da tarde or da noise.

44. ITS TIME

Esti na Dora. it's time. Esti na hora de faze-lo. It's time to do it. Esti na hora de partir. It's time to leave. Esti na hora de irmos It's time for us to go

pare cam. home. Tenho muito tempo. 1 have a lot of time. Nio tenho tempo. I haven't any time. Pie esti perdendo He's wasting his time.

(a perder (Ph o tempo.

Fla vein de vez em She comes from time to quando. time.

QUIZ 17

1. Este na hora de 1. She comes from faze-lo. time to time.

2. Que horas silo? 2. It's 9:00.

ANSWERS

1-4; 2-13; 3-6; 4-10; 5-2; 6-15; 7-3; 8-7; 9 14; 10 12; 11-5; 12 1; 13 9; 14-11; 15-8.

45. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

PASSADO

PRESENTE

FUTURO

ontem

hoje amanha yesterday today tomorrow

ontem de eta manha amanha de mania

this morning manila yesterday tomorrow morning mowing


amanhi tarde

tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening

amanhA noite

tomorrow night

This morning. Yesterday morning. Tomorrow morning.

This noon. Yesterday noon. Tomorrow noon.

This evening (afternoon). Yesterday evening. Tomorrow evening.

Tonight. Last night. Tomorrow night.

This week. Last week. Next week,

46. MORNING, NOON AND NIGHT

LESSON 21

ontem to

yesterday afternoon, last evening

ontem noite

last night

Esta manha. Ontem de manhil. Amanha de manila.

Hoje ao meio-dia. Ontem ao meio-dia. Amnia ao meio-dia.

Hoje tarde. Ontem I tarde. Amanha tarde.

Hoje I noite. Ontem I noite. AmanhA noite.

(Past, Present and Future)

Esta seawall. A semana passada. A semana que vem.

Dentro de duas semanas.

Ha duas semanas. Este ms. • ms passado. • ms que vem. No proximo mes. Dentro de dois meses. Ha dois meses.

Este ano. O (no) ano passado. O (no) proximo ano. Dentro de dois anos. HI dois anos. Hi

quarto tempo?

Hi pouco tempo. Ha muito tempo. Agora. Agora mesmo. Pot agora. Neste instance. Dentro em pouco.. Daqui a pouco.

Quantas vezes7 1 Uma vez. Duas vezes. Cada vez. Raras vezes. Muitas vezes. Algumas vezes. As vexes.

In two weeks.

Two weeks ago. This month. Last month. Next month. Next month. In two months. Two months ago.

This year. Last year. Next year. In two years. Two years ago. How long ago? A short time ago. A long time ago. Now. Right now. For the time being. At this moment. In a tittle while. In a little while.

How many times? Once. Twice. Each time. Seldom. Often. Sometimes. Sometimes.

hoje I tarde

this afternoon, this evening

hoje I noite

this evening

vexes Note: variants previously listed will generally not be repeated.

97 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 96


De vez em quando. Mai s uma vez. el primeira vez.

De manila cedo. De madrugada.

Ao anoitecer.

No dia seguinte. De hoje a quinze dias. De hoje a oito dias.

Deniro de uma semana. Na quaria-feira da

proxiffia semana. Na segunda-feira da

semana passada. No dia cinco desie mes.

A (Imo do ms passado.

Em principios de marco. Em fins de maio. Aconieceu ha oily anos.

From time to time. Again. For the first time. Early in the morning. Very early in the

morning. In the evening ("at

nightfall"). On the following day. In two weeks. A week from today.

In a week. Next Wednesday.

Monday a week ago.

On the fifth of this month.

On the fifth of last month.

Early in March. Late in May. It happened eight years

ago.

8. 0 ano passado. 9. Hoje ao mein-dia.

10. Dentro em pouco. 11. Esta semana. 12. Aconteceu ha olio

anos. 13. Em fins de mai°.

14. dois meses. 15. De vez em quando. 16. Dentro de uma

semana. 17. Agora mesmo. 18. As vexes.

19. Dentro de duas semanas.

20. Cada vez.

8. Right now. 9. It happened eight

years ago. 10. This afternoon. 11. Sometimes. 12. Within a week.

13. Tomorrow afternoon.

14. Next month. 15. Last week. 16. Each time.

17. From time to time. 18. Toward the end of

May. 19. This week.

20. Two months ago.

ANSWERS

1-7; 2-10; 3-13; 4-2; 5-14; 6-4; 7-15; 8-1; 9-3; 10-6; 11-19; 12-9; 13-18; 14-20; 15-17; 16 12; 17-8; 18-11; 19-5; 20-16.

QUIZ 18

1. Ontem de manila. 2. Hoe tarde. 3. A manila a tarde. 4. Ontem a noire. 5. 0 proximo ms. 6. Agora. 7. A semana passada.

1. Last year. 2. Last night. 3. Today at noon. 4. Now. 5. In two weeks. 6. In a little while. 7. Yesterday morning

REVIEW QUIZ 4

1. fie comprou um carro por (two thousand) Mares. a. Tres mil b. quatrocentos C. dois mil


+6.

2. 0 namero de seu telefone e (4-0820). a. dois, cinco, zero, sete, nove b. cinco, zero, oito, nove, zero c. quatro, zero, olio, dois, zero

3. (It's time) de partir. a. a que Boras b. b muito tempo c. estd na hora

4. A quantos do rues estamos (today)? a. rues b. hoje c. tempo

5. A (17) de dezembro. a. dezessete (dezassete b. vinte e sete c. quinze

9. As (3:40). a. falta urn quarto Para as tres b. tres e quarenta c. uma e meia

10 (yesterday) de manna. a. hoje b. ontem c. esta

11. A (week) passada, a. semana b, noire c. amanha

12. Dentro de dais (months). a. semana b. dies c, meses

6. .E (1:10). a. uma e cinco b. uma e dez c. onze

7. Selo (7:00). a. sete b. nove C. seis

8. E (12:00 noon). a. meia-noire b. meio-dia c. dual

13. a dois (years). a. meses b. anos c. dias

14. Na (Wednesday) da proxima semana. a. segundafeira b. setafeira C. quarts feria

15. Em (end) de main. a. fins b. principios c. primeiros

Acho que sim. Esti hem. Nab esti bem. Nao é mau. NAo 6 isso. tie nit) esti aqui Aqui esti. NA° a muito. NA° a bastante.

bastante. NAo tAo depressa. Nao é nada. Isso Tao é nada. Nio tern impoi tancia. Nio tenho tempo. NA° sei comp nem

quando. No sei onde. NAo sei nada.

sei nada disso.

NE ° desejo nada. Nada desejo. Mo importa. Nao me importa.

No me importa nada.

Nilo me diga! Nilo tenho nada que

dizer. Is niko quer dizer

nada. Nio aconteceu nada.

I think so. All right. It's not good. It's not bad. It's not that. He's not here. Here it is. It's not very much. It's not enough. It's enough. Not so fast. It's nothing. That's nothing. It's not important. I have no time. I don't know how or

when. I don't know where. I don't know anything. I don't know anything

about that. I don't want anything.

don't want anything. It doesn't matter. It makes no difference to

me. It makes absolutely no

difference to me. You don't say! I've nothing to say.

That doesn't mean anything.

Nothing happened.

100 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL FOR TUGUESE 101

ANSWERS

1 c.; C.; 3 c.; 4 b.; 5 a.; 6 b.; 7 a.; 8 b.; 9 b.; 10 b.; 11 a.; 12c.; 13 b.; 14 c.; 15 a.

LESSON 22

47. NO

(Useful Word Groups I)

The word for "not"— no—comes before the verb:

Nao vejo. I don't see. senhor nio v. You don't see.

Such negative words as the forms for "nothing," "never," "nobody," etc. may come after the verb, in which case ndo is used before the verb, or they may precede the verb and then nava is not used

De nao di z nada. He doesn't say anything. Eles nAo trabalham They never work.

mama. NAo vem ninguem. Nobody is coming.

Or

be nada diz. He doesn't say anything. Eles nunca trabalham. They never work. Ningt km vem. Nobody is coming.

Sim, senhor. Yes, sir. Nab, senhor. No, sir.

di z que sim. He says yes. ale di z que nao. He says no.

102


diga a ninguem. Nunes o vejo. Nunes o vi. Lie mmea vem. Lie puma veto. Nunes you. Nunea irei.

Don't tell anybody. I never see him. I never saw him. He never comes. He never came. I never go.

never go.

(Useful Word Groups II)

Nem. Nor.

Eu no dime (nem) sequer uma palm& I didn't say a word.

Nem ... nem... Neither . nor . .

Nem maxis nem menos. Just so ("neither more nor less").

Nem urn nem outro. Neither one or the other.

Nem into nem isso. Neither this nor that.

Nem peixe nem acne. Neither fish nor fowl.

Nem todos foram. Not all went.

Nem hem nem mal. So so. Neither good nor bad.


Nio posso nem desejo I can't go, nor do I want if. to go.

No tenho nem tempo I have neither the time nem dinheiro. nor the money.

tie nio sake ler nem He can't read or write. escrever.

Io tenho cigarros I haven't any cigarettes nem charutos. or cigars.

LESSON 23 48. USEFUL WORD GROUPS II

1. Isn't it?

N o é? Isn't it?

IslAo a verdade? Isn't that so?

• portugues a f iell,nio é? Portuguese is easy, isn't it

A gente aqui é muito agradivel, nao é? People here are very nice, aren't they?

• senhor tem lipis? Do you have a pencil?

N o tenho. I don't have any.

E verdaide! That's the truth!

• senhor conhece o Sr. Dias, nio é verdade? You know Mr. Dias, don't you?

NA° ha nada de verdade nisto. There's no truth in this.


senhor vein, nio? You'll come, won't you?

Est i hoje, nio? It's cold today, isn't it?

A senhora gostou do filme? Gostei. Did you like the film? I liked it.

2. Some, Any, A Few

senhor tem Wpm dinheiro? Do you have any money?

Tenho. have (some).

Me, no tenho. No, 1 don't have any.

Ele tem dinheiro? Does he have some money?

Lie tern um pouco. He has some (a little).

Lie nao tern. He doesn't.

Fica-lhe *um dinheiro? Do you have any money left?

Flea urn pouco. There's a little left.

Quantos livros tem? How many books do you have?

Tenho alguns. I have a few,

Quer algumas peras? Do you want some pears?

De-me algurnas. Give me a few.

QUIZ 19

1. Ndo vejo. 1. Neither this nor that. 2. fro e nada. 2. I have no time. 3. Nome diga!

3. I don't know where. 4. Nunca you. 4. Nothing happened. 5. Ndo o vi. 5. 1 don't see. 6. co que rn. 6. 1 don't know

anything. 7. Ndo teio depressa. 7. It's not enough.

No sei nada. 8. I didn't see him. 9. Ndovejo nada. 9. You don't say!

10. Mao e bastante. 10. He never comes. 11. Ndo me importa. 11. see nothing. 12. Aldo aconteceu na da. 12. never go. 13. Ele nunca vein. 13. it's nothing. 14. Ntio e mau. 14. He's not here. 15. Nunca irei. 15. I don't think so. 16. tie r estd aqui 16. It's not bad.

17. Ninguem vein. 17. It makes no difference to me.

18. Nem isto nem iss 0. 18. Not so fast. 19. Nilo sei onde. 19. I never go. 20. New tenho tempo. 20. No one comes.

ANSWERS

1 5; 2-13; 3 9; 4-19; 5 8; 6-15; 7-18; 8 6;


9-11 ; 10-7; 11-17; 12-4; 13-10; 14-16; 15-12; 16-14; 17-20; 18-1; 19 3; 20-2.

LESSON 24

Woeful Word Groups Ho

De-nos alguns. Give us some.

De-the algumas. Give him a few Orem.). Alguns dos mews amigos. Some of my friends.

3. Like, As, How

Como. Like, as, how

Como eu. Like me.

Como isso. Like that.

Como isto. Like this.

Como nos. Like us.

Como Os outros. Like the others.

Este nAo é conic) esse. This one isn't like that one.

Assim e. That's the way it is.

Como o senhor quiser. As you wish.

Elle Rao é corn° seu pai (coin° o pal)? He's not like his father. No set Immo explica-lo. I don't know how to explain it.

Como esta? (Como é isso?) How is it?

E branco comp a neve. It's as white as snow.

Como vai? How are you? Como quer que seja. However it may be.

Seja conic) for. 2 Be it as it may.

Como laic) mai, ninguem me commende. As I speak poorly, nobody understands me.

Como? 0 que disse? I to your pardon? What did you say?

Como eta 6 bonitat How pretty she is!

'From now on, the material in parentheses of the recorded text will ordinarily indicate an alternate form which is the one recorded on the Continental Portuguese edition. It will be marked ® only when it is particularly characteristic of Continental Portu- guese as distinguished from Brazilian usage.

for 0


QUIZ 20

I. Como o senhor qwiser.

2. Como os outros. 3. Como isto. 4. 0 senhor tem

din Biro 5. A Iguns dos rneus

amigos. 6. Ele no e coo sew

pai. 7. CoMo,faz favor?

I. He's not like his father.

2. What did you say? 3. Give him a few. 4. How pretty she is!

5. Do you want some pears?

6. As you wish.

7. Do you have any money?

8. Like the others. 9. Like this.

10. Some of my friends.

De-lhe algumas. 9. Como ea é bonital

10. Quer algumas peras?

ANSWERS 1-6; 2-8; 3-9; 4 7; 5-10; 6 1; 7-2; 8-3; 9-4; 10 5.

49. HAVE YOU TWO MET?

senhor conhece o men amigo? Do you know my friend?

Audio clue ji nos conhecemos. I believe we've met before.

Acho que nao tive o prazer. I believe I haven't had the pleasure.


Nao five o prazer de conhece-lo. I haven't had the pleasure of meeting you.

Acho que ji se conhecem, nao? I believe you already know each other, don't you?

Claro que nos conhecemos. Of course we know each other.

Nio tive o prazer. I haven't had the pleasure.

Desejo apresentar-lhe o men amigo Carlos Goncalves. I would like to introduce my friend Charles

Gonsalves.

50. SMALL TALK

Born dia. Good morning.

Como vai? (Como esti?) How are you?

Muito beam. E o senhor? Very good. And you?

Como vio as coisas? How is everything?

que ha de novo? What's new?

Nada. Nio ha nada de novo. Nothing. There's nothing new.

Quase nada. Almost nothing.


LESSON 25

11111 (Small Talk)

Que the tern acontecido que ninguern a ye? Where have you been lately? ("What has happened

that no one sees you?")

Tenho estado muito ocupada idtimamente. I have been very busy lately.

Nio deixe de telefonar-me de vez em Tondo. Call me once in a while. ("Don't fail to call me once

in a while.")

Por que na4 vein ate (a) nossa casa? Why don't you come by our house?

Vou visita-los na proximo semana. I'll call on you next week. ("1 am going to visit you

next week.")

Nilo (se) esqueca. Don't forget.

Endo, ate a proximo seman. Until next week then.

Passe bem. Good-by.

51. TAKING LEAVE

Muito prazer em conhece-la. Glad to have net you.

prazer fof todo meu. The pleasure was (all) mine.

Em breve espero vela de novo. I hope to see you again soon.


Aqui tens (o) meu enderecol e (o) meu telefone. Here's my address and telephone number.

Tern (o) meu endereco? Do you have my address?

tenho. Tenha a bondade. Muito obrigada. I don't have it. Please. Thank you.

De nada. Don't mention it.

Quando posse the telefonar (telefonar-ther When can I call you?

Pela manhA. In the morning.

Telefono depois de amanhA. I'll call you day after tomorrow.

Conto corn sell telefonema. I'll be expecting your call.

Ate breve. See you soon.

Ate jai. See you soon.

Ate logo. See you soon.

Ate a vol ta. Until your return.

Ate amanha. Until tomorrow.

endereco

Ate sgbado. Until Saturday. Passe hem. Good-by.

Adeus. Good-by.

QUIZ 21 I. A teja. 1. Do you have my

address? 2. Adeus. 2. See you tomorrow. 3. Marto prazer em 3. be expecting

conhece-lo. your can. 4. Tem (o) net 4. Until Saturday.

enderivo? Muito prazer.

6. Pela marsh &

7.

to amanhei. 8.

Con to corn (o) seu teiefonema.

9. Mull° obrigado.

10. Ate stibado.

ANSWERS

1-8; 2-10; 3-6; 4-1; 5-9; 6-5; 7-2; 8-3; 9 7; 104.

5. In the morning. 6. Glad to have met

you. 7. Thank you. 8. See you soon.

9. Very glad to have met you).

10. Good-by.

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 113 112


LESSON 26

52. CALLING ON SOMEONE

ass (Calling OR Someone)

senhor Joao Dias more aqui? Does Mr. John Dias live here?

Mora. Yes, he does. ("He lives.")

Em que andar? On what floor?

Terceiro, esquerda. Third floor left.

o senhor Dias esti em casa? Is Mr. Dias home?

Nao, senhor. Saiu. No, sir. He's gone out.

que horas voltark? What time will he be back?

Nio sei Ihe dizer (dizer-Ilhe). I can't tell you.

Quer deixar um recado? Do you want to leave a message?

Quero. Pode dar-me lipis e paper I do. Can you give me a pencil and some paper?

Volta mais tarde. I'll be back later.

Volto hoje I noite. I'll be back tonight.


Volto amanhA. I'll be back tomorrow.

Volto outro dia. be back another day.

Tenha a bondade de the diner (dizer-lhe) que me telefone.

Please tell him to call me.

You estar ern case o dia todo. I'll be home all day.

53. LETTERS AND TELEGRAMS

Gestaria de escrever uma carta. I'd like to write a letter.

Pode me dar (dar-me) papel? Can you give me some paper ?

Aqui tern papel e tinta. Here's some paper and ink.

You ao correio. I'm going to the post office.

Onde vender selos? Where do they sell stamps?

Tem selos? Do you have any stamps?

Precise de urn sae Para carts area (We de correio aeree).

I need an airmail stamp.

Aqui tern selos. Here are some stamps.

Quero mandar uma carts expressa I want to send a special delivery letter.

Quern passar um telegrama. I want to send a telegram.

Quante custa urn telegrams pars Porto Alegre? How much does a telegram to Porto Alegre cost?

QUIZ 22

I. Terceiro, esquerda. 2. Volto mais tarde. 3. Mora aqui o senhor Joao Dias? 4. Aqui tern papel e tints% 5. Gostaria de escrever uma carta. 6. Tem selos?

Em que andar? Uma carta expressa. Vou ester em cicala o dia todo.

10. Quer deixar urn recado?

1. be home all day. 2. Do you have any stamps? 3. I'd like to write a letter. 4. Do you want to leave a message? 5. What floor? 6. A special delivery letter. 7. Here's some paper and ink. S. Does Mr. John Dias live here? 9. Third floor left.

10. come back later.

ANSWERS 1-9; 2-10; 3-8; 4-7; 5 3; 6 2; 7-5; 8 6; 9 1; 10 4.

aim


LESSON 27

54. GETTING AROUND

(Getting A round)

Pode me dizer onde é esta rua? Can you tell me where this street is?

Como se vai a este endereco? How do you get to this address?

E longe? Is it far?

Qual é o caminho mais curto para a cidade? Which is the shortest way to the city?

Que caminho devo tomar? Which road should I take?

Pod e me dizer (dizer-me) o caminho para a Rua da Alfandega?

Can you direct me to Alfandega Street?

Prefeitura (A Camara Municipal ®) fica perto daqui?

Is the city hail near here?

Onde hi um telefone publico? Where is there a public phone?

Quero dar (fazer) um telefonema. I want to make a telephone call.

Qual a distancia daqui estacio? Flow far is the station?

Ainda estamos longe da estavio? Are we still far from the station?

Tixi! TIM! Taxi! Taxi!

Esti livre? Are you free?

Leve-me a este endereco. Take me to this address.

Au to marca o to metro? How much does the meter read?

o onibus (autocarro 0) Ora aqui? Does the bus stop here?

bonde (o carve electric° (D) pira aqui? Does the streetcar stop here?

On& devo deseer? Where should I get off?

QUIZ n 1. Qual e o caminho mais curio para . 2. Onde ha urn telefone pahlico? 3. Onde a esta rua? 4. Leve-me a este endereco. 5. Qua! a distemcia daqui a estapio? 6. Fiat perto daqui?

E longe? Onde devo descer?

9. Como se vai a . ? 10. 0 Onibus (autocarro 121) para aqui?

1. How far is the station? 2. How do you get to 3. Is it far?


4. Does the bus stop here? 5. Where do I get off? 6. Where is there a public phone? 7. Where is this street? 8. What's the shortest way to get to 9. Take me to this address.

10. Is it near here?

ANSWERS

1-8; 2-6; 3-7; 4-9; 5-1; 6 10; 7 3; 8-5; 9 2; 10-4.

55. PLEASE

One of the most common ways of saying "please" is the equivalent of "Do the favor of": Rica o favor (de).

Fa ca o favor de entrar. Please come in.

Fad o favor de levar isto. Please carry this.

Farsa o favor de vir redo. Please come early.

Other polite expressions are:

1. Faz favor. Please ("do the favor").

Fa z favor de me telefonar (telefonar-me). Please telephone me.

Fa z favor de sentar-se. Please sit down.

2. Tenha a bondade. Please ("have the kindness").

Tenha a bondaide de preparar tudo. Please prepare everything.

Por favor. Please.

(0) Sen bilhete, por favor. Your ticket, please.

4. Queira Please .

Queira coniinuar ate domingo. Please continue until Sunday.

Queira embarcar antes das nove. Please embark before nine.

Related expressions:

Quern the pedir (pedir-lhe) um favor. I want to ask a favor of you.

Recebi (o) seu favor. I received your letter ("favor"). In commercial corre-

spondence.)

Desculpe-me. Excuse me. (For having done something.)

Desculpe a demora. Excuse my delay.


QUIZ 24 1. Faz favor de telefonar-me. 2. Rica o favor de vir cedo. 3. Faz favor de sentar-se. 4. Desculpe a demora. 5. Desculpe-me. 6. Ewa o favor de entrar. 7. Tenha a bondade de preparar Ludo.

Facer o favor de levar Seu bilhete, or favor.

10. Queira continuar ate doming°.

I. Excuse my delay. 2. Excuse me. 3. Please come early. 4. Please carry this. 5. Please continue until Sunday. 6. Your ticket, please. 7. Please sit down. 8. Please come in. 9. Please prepare everything.

10. Please telephone me.

Acabo de conseguir a chave. I have just obtained the key.

Ele acabava de almoiar quando aparecemos. He had just had lunch when we appeared.

2. Ter que, or ter de means "to have to":

Tenho que (Tenho de) apressar-me. I have to hurry.

Voce tem de convencer-me primeiro. You have to convince me .first.

3. Hi means "there is" or "there are":

muitos cachorros (cies) nesta cidade. There are many dogs in this city. ,

4. Gostaria de means "would like to":

Gostaria de ajudar eras nao posso. I'd like to help but I can't.

ANSWERS

1-10; 2-3; 3--7; 4-1; 5 2; 6 8; 7 9; 8-4; 9-6; 10-5.

56. SOME USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

1. Acabar de means "to have just":

Ele acaba de aceitar. He just accepted.

REVIEW QUIZ 5

1. Emil em (home, house) o senor Dias?

a. andar b. Nora c. casa

2. Quer deixar um (message)? a. hipis b. recado c. pape/


3. Leve-me a este ______ (address). a. cidade b. caminho c. endereco

4. _______ (I need) urn selo. a venders b. preciso de c. echo

5. Ncio trahalham (never, ever). a. amanha b. nunca c. sithado

6. (not) todos foram. a. nem b. nunca c. hoje

7. De-me (some). a. todos b. algumas c. nada

8. Nero live o grazer de (meeting you). a. ocupado b. chamar C. conhece-lo

10. as o de entrar, a. bondade b. favor c. queira

1. I. (please) embarcar antes das nove a. queira b. desculpe c. traba/ham

12. _____ (I've just) de terminar o trabalho. a. chegar b. acabo c. Palo

13. (I'd like) escrever uma carta. a. gosiaria de b. acaba c. vai

1 4. (Excuse) a demora. a. tenha b. desculpe c. charm

15. Ndo vest (nobody). a. ninguem b. nada c. outros

9. Tenha a (goodness) de preparar ludo. a. desculpe b. bondade c. _Tao

ANSWERS

I c.; 2 b.; 3 c.; 4 b.; 5 b.; 6 a.; 7 b.; 8 c.; 9 b.; 10 b.; 11 a.; 12 b.; 13 a.; 14 b.; 15 a.

LESSON 28

(Who. flaat, When?)

57. WHO? WHAT? WHEN?


L Quern?

Quern é? Nao sei quern e.

Quern o disse? Quern disse isso? De quern esta

hagagem? De quern so essay

canes? Para quern é esse

brinquedo? A quern voce entregou

(A quern entregou) a miquina fotogrifica?

Corn 'quern brigou?

Corn quern falararn?

Quern convidaram?

Who is it? I don't know who it he

is. Who said it? Who said that? Whose baggage is this?

Whose songs are those?

Who is that toy for?

To whom did you deliver the camera?

With whom did you quarrel?

With whom did they speak?

Whom did they invite?

Que hi de novo? 1 Que silo? Que floras sAo? Que deseja? Que quer diner? Que dia é hoje? Que disse ele? Que é que ele disse? Que mais? Que é feito da Maria?

Que é que hi? De que falam?

Corn que pagam? A que cinema ele foi

(foi ele?

3. For que? "Why?"

Por que voce nio alugou?

Por que IA° me disse antes?

Por que nao? Por que é tanta pressa? Por que isso? For que razio?

4. Como? "How?"

What's new? What are they? What time is it What do you want? What does it mean? What day is it today? What did he say? What did he say? What else (more)? What happened to

Mary? What's wrong? What are you talking

about? What will you pay with? To what movie theatre

did he go?

Why didn't you rent it?

Why didn't you tell me before?

Why not? Why such a hurry? Why so? For what reason?

"Who?" "Whom?"

2. Que? "What?"

Que é isso? Que a isto? Que aconteceu?

What is that? What is this? What happened?

Como se diz em How do you say it in

portugues? Portuguese?

1 novo e.


Como se chama? Como se escreve essa

palavra? Como vai? Como se cansou tiro

cedo?

What is your name? How is that word spelled

(written)? How are you? How did you get tired so

early?

7. Onde? "Where?"

Onde mora o seu cunhado?

Donde vent &se harulho?

Para onde vo?

Where does your brother- in-law live?

Where is that noise coming from?

Where are they going? Quante "How Much?"

Quanta k? Quartos cartes

recebeu? Quantas vezes o

aconselbaram?

(Liking and Disliking)

6. Qua!?

Qual deseja o senhor? (Qual deseja?)

dual das cadeiras prefere?

De qual dos coletesi gosta mais?

Quaffs sio os costumes que nio the agradam?

Corn qual dos irmiios se casou?

coletes (Et

How much is it? How many cards did

you receive? How many times did

they advise it?

Which do you want?

Which of the chairs do you prefer?

Which of the vests do you prefer?

Which are the customs you don't like ("that don't please you")?

Which of the brothers did she marry?

8. Quando? "When?"

Quando (se) fecha a biblioteca?

Quando aconteceu? Quando vai ele?

(Quando é que kle vai?)

Nao sei quando. Ate quando? NA° sei ate qua ndo.

Desde quando? Para quando? Para quando quiser.

I. Como se chama? 2. Quartos cartOes

recebeu? 3. Como se di z em

portugu es? Que disse ek? Quando aconteceu?

When does the library close?

When did it happen? When is he going?

1 don't know when. Until when? I don't know how long

(until when). Since when? For when? For whenever you wish.

3. Who is it?

4. Where does he live? 5. What's your name?

LESSON 29

"What?" "Which?"

QUIZ 25

I. When did it happen? 2. Since when?

Desde quando? 7. Quern e? 8. For que ndo?

Onde mora?

10. Como se escreve?

6. What did he say? 7. Why not? 8. How do you spell

(write) it? 9. How many cards did

you receive? 10. How do you say it

in Portuguese?

ANSWERS 1-5; 2-9; 3-10; 4 6; 5-1; 6-2; 7 3; 8-7; 9-4; 10-8.

REVIEW QUIZ 6

1. Sao vejo (nothing). a. ninguem b. nada C. nunca

2. Ni lo very (nobody). a. ninguem

ndo c. nunca

3. Nilo sabe ler (nor) escrever. a. ndo

nunca c. nem

4. 0 portugues it (isn't it?) a. net° e b. ndo senor C. nunca


5. De-nos (a few). a. nada b. a/guns c. algumas vexes

6. Quer _ (some) peras? a. quartos 5. algumas vezes c. algumas

7. Nilo a (like) seu a. como 5. isto c. outros

8. Tenho es ado muizo (busy) 61timamente. a. sempre to. ocupado c. novo

9. iti se (know)?

a. conhecido b. conhecem c. conhece-lo

10. 0 onibus (autocarro ifti) (stops) aqui?

a. para b. segunda-feira c. chama

11. Como se vai a este (address)?

a. correio b. cargo c. endereco


12. Nilo ha nada (new). a. de nOvo b. nunca C. prazer

13. Acabo de conseguir (the key). a. o dia b. a grave c. a demora

14. (what) disse ek?

19. (where) mora o seu cu do

a. onde b. como c. que

20. (when) aconteceu?

a. queen b. qua! c. quando

ANSWERS a. como b. quando c. que

15. (why) tanta pressa?

a. quando b. por que C. onde

1 b.; 2 a.; 3 c.; 4 a.; 5 b.; c.; 7 a.; 8 b.; 9 b.; 10 a.; 110.; 12 a.; 13 b.; 14 C.; 15 b.; 16 a.; 17 b.; 18 a.; 19 a.; 20 c.

58. LIKING AND DISLIKING

1. I Like It

Born. Muito born. k muito bom. g otimo. 1 E excelente.

estupendo. E magnifier). E perfeito. Est i* bem.

é man. Esti bem isto?

optimo

Good. Very good. it's very good. It's excellent. It's excellent. It's wonderful. It's wonderful. It's perfect. it's all right. It's not bad. Is this all right?

16. (how) se di z em portugues?

a. como b. quando c. ninguem

17. (how many) vexes o aconselharam?

a. Duerr b. quantas c. como

18. (who) disse isso?

a. quern b. que c. quando


Muito be m! Eta é Bela. Ela é belissima. Eta é muito linda. Eta é encantadora. Que Bonita (que) eta e! Como ela é bonita! Que born!

2. I Don't Like It

No é born.

N o é muito born. Isso no é bom. Isto no esta hem.

Isso é mau. E bastante mau. C pessimo.

E muito ruim. Nao gosto. N o me interessa.

Nao vale nada.

No serve pars nada.

N o adianta. Que pens! g horrivel!

Very well! Very good! She's beautiful. She's very beautiful. She's very pretty. She's charming. How pretty she is! How pretty she is! How nice!

It's not good. It's no good.

It's not very good. That's no good. This isn't right. It's not

right. This is wrong. That's bad. It's quite bad. It's very bad. It's

terrible. It's terrible. I don't like it. I don't care for it. It

doesn't interest me. It's no good. It's

worthless. It's no good. It's

worthless. It's no use. It's no good. What a pity! It's terrible!

1. 'sic bon. 2. Muito hem. 3. E excelente. 4. Ndo e mau. 5. Isso mau. 6. Que pena! 7. lamito i. o 8. Aldo vale nada. 9. No adianta.

10. estupendo.

QUIZ 26

1. It's excellent. 2. She's very pretty. 3. It's worthless. 4. What a pity! 5. It's no use. 6. It's wonderful. 7. It's all right. 8. That's bad. 9. Very well.

10. It's not bad.

ANSWERS

1-7; 2-9; 3-1; 4-10; 5-8; 6-4; 7-2; 8-3; 9 5; 10-6.

LESSON 30

(I Like)

3. I Like

Cost°. Gosto muito. Gosto ...Gosto de .. Gosto Me. Gostamos dela.

senhor gosta? No gosto.

I like it. I like it very much. I like . . .1 like to . I like him. We like her. Do you like it? I don't like it.


• senhor gosta da air?'

• senhor gosta de Portugal?

Eles gostam do Brasil. Gostamos dos Estados

Unidos. • senhor gosta da

escovar Gosto mail do

espelho. senhor ache que el gostara da bolsa? 3

Nao gostei do primeiro capitulo.

Eu gostaria de me deitar (deitar-me) redo.

Os advogados nao gostaram do cluhe.

Nao gostararn nada. Gostaria que tiles me

enviassem um convite. Quando quiser. Estou corn vontade de

the escrever (escrever-lhe).

Por que nao gosta files?

Costa do quarto?

cor P. escova O.

3 boisa 0.

Do you like the color?

Do you like Portugal?

They like Brazil. We like the United

States. Do you like the brush?

I like the mirror more.

Do you think she will like the purse?

I didn't like the first chapter.

I would like to go to bed early.

The lawyers did not like the club.

They didn't like it at all. I would like them to

send me an invitation. Whenever you like. I feel like writing him.

Why don't you like them?

Do you like the room (bedroom)?

Gosto. Gosto muito. No gosto. Nao gosto muito. Fie gosta mas ela

trio gosta. Nos gostamos mas tiles

nao gostam.

I. Eles nclo gostararn nada.

2. 0 senhor gosta?

3. Gosto muito. 4. 0 senhor gosta da

car? 5. Quando qwiser. 6. Des gostam do

Brasil. Ninguem gosta.

8. Gostamos dela. 9. Nao gosto muito.

fa 0 senhor gosta do quarto!

I like it. I like it very much. I don't like it. I don't like it very much. He likes it but she

doesn't. We like it but they don't.

1. 1 don't like it very much.

2. Do you like the room?

3. They like Brazil. 4. We like her.

5. Nobody likes it. 6. I like it very much.

7. Do you like it 8. Whenever you like. 9. They didn't like it at

all. 10. Do you like the

color?

Ninguem gosta. Nobody likes it. Eu gosto mas o l like it but John

Joao nao gosta. doesn't. Ella gosta de Ludo. She likes everything.

QUIZ 27

ANSWERS 1-9; 2-7; 3-6; 4--10; 5-8; 6-3: 7-5; 8-4; 9-1; 10-2.

LESSON 31


Estive em Brasilia. on a Lisboa.

Venho de Coimbra.

Parto Para Sao Paulo.

Cheguei ate Belo Horizonte.

I was in Brasilia. I am going to Lisbon. I come (am) from

Coimbra. I'm leaving for Sao

Paulo. I got as far as Belo

Horizonte.

(Useful Word Groups Imo)

2. Corn "with"

Café corn kite. Ela foi com o

estudante. Estou corn force.

Coffee with milk. She went with the

student. I am hungry.

59. IN, TO, FROM

1. A "to"

• direita. • esquerda. Pouco a polio). Ape, • mio. Ao • meta-mite. A meu ver. Puseram-se a mesa.

A que horas? A americana.

respeito de.

ale ficou a porta. Ele o fez (1-lo

► fry..

To the right. To the left. Little by little. On foot. By hand. At noon, At midnight. In my opinion. They sat down at the

table. At what time? In the American way. Regarding, with respect

to. He stayed at the door. He did it by force.

3. De "of," "from"

E de meu tio. Venho do Rio de

Janeiro. IP, de pedra. De dia e de noite. De no.

4. Em "in"

ivi em Portugal dois anos.

Saio dentro de quatro dial.

Em lugar de. Em fim.

5. Ate "up to," "until"

Ate o (ao) Estoril. Subi ate o quinto

andar. Ate amanha. Ate logo.

It's from my uncle. I come (am) from Rio de

Janeiro. It's made of stone. • By day and by night. Again.

Hived in Portugal two years.

I'm leaving in four days.

Instead of. Finally.

Up to (as far as Estoril. I went up to the fifth

floor. Until tomorrow. See you later. (See you

soon.) I See item 5 of section 20 of grammar summary.

Other Expressions:

Por glue Por agora. Pela manhi. Por was°. Por exempt& Por isso.

Por meio de. Por causa de. Por fim. Por aqui. Esti por fazer. Por atacado. Por certo. Por assim diner. Por conseguinte.

For berry au por Par escrito. PorDeus Por enquanto. For pouco. For interessante que

seja. For voila as ducts.

Why? For the time being In the morning. By chance. For example. For that reason.

Therefore. By means of. On account of. Finally. At last. This way. Around here. It's still to be done Wholesale. Certainly. So to speak. Consequently.

Therefore. For better or for worse. In writing. For heaven's sake! For the time being. Almost. However interesting it

may be. Around two o'clock.


Ate ja. Ate a vista.

6. Desde "from"

Desde aqui. Desde que o vi. Desde quando?

. Sobrei "on," "over"

Sobre a mesa. Que disseram sore

o assunto?

8. Por "for," "through"

Sessenta milhas por hors.

Eu o comprei (comprei-o) por um Mar.

Eu the dei (del-the) vinte cruzeiros pela Wm#

gle me deu o seu Iivro pelo meu.

Passamos pela Espanha.

Lie entrou pela porta.

Eu you por

sobre Q.

See you soon. See you later.

From here. Since I saw him. Since when?

On the table. What did they say

about the subject?

Sixty miles an hour.

I bought it for a dollar.

I gave him twenty cruzeiros for the purse.

He gave me his book for mine.

We passed through Spain.

He came in through the door.

I'll go for in place of him.

9. Para "for," "in order to" Para indicates direction, purpose:

Para ir Id. To go there. Lima estante Para A bookcase ("a stand

livros. for books").

•


e partite para Belem. carta a para

A lido para an rd.

Para ele e Nilo serve para nada.

Para lei a para ccie Para onde eles foram? Para que voce o faz?

Para sempre. Descrevo corn detalhes

para que compreendam bem.

Esiamos prontos para a viagem.

Estamos para sair.

He left for Belem.

The letter is for her. The lesson for

tomorrow. It's easy for him. It's worthless. It's not

good for anything. Back and forth. Where did they go? Why do you do it (For

what reason do you do it?)

Forever. For always. I am describing it in

detail so that they may understand it well.

We are ready for the trip.

8. de pedra. 9. A respell() de.

10. De nOvo. 11. Por exemplo. 12. De dia e de voile. 13. esquerda. 14. A meu ver.

15. to o (ao) Estoril. 16. Salo dentro de

quatro dices. 17. Sobre a mesa. 18. to amanha. 19. Em lugar de. 20. Desde que o vi.

8. To the right 9. For example.

10. Little by little. 11. Until tomorrow. 12. At noon. 13. Since I saw him. 14. In the American

way. 15. Wall. 16. Instead of.

17. To the left. 18. Regarding. 19. As far as Estoril. 20. I'm leaving in four

days.

With estar it means "about to":

We are about to leave. We are leaving.

ANSWERS 1 12; 2-10; 3-8; 4-14; 5-15; 6-1; 7 3; 8-4; 9-18; 10-6; 11-9; 12-5; 13-17; 14-2: 15 19: 16-20; 17-7; 18-11; 19-16; 20 13.

1. A o meio -dia. 2. Pouco a pouco. 3. A direita.

4. americana. 5. Corm. 6. A pe. 7. Venho do Rio de

Janeiro.

1 1. Por acaso.

2. For voila das duas. 3. Passarnos pela

Espanha. 4. Por agora. 5. Eu o comprei por

um Mar. 6. Por isso.

QUIZ 28

1. On foot. 2. In my opinion. 3. I come from Rio de

Janeiro. 4. It's made of stone. 5. By day and by night. 6. Again. 7. On the table.

QUIZ 29

1. I bought it for a dollar.

2. Sixty miles an hour. 3. Certainly.

4. For that reason. 5. Around here.

6. For heaven's sake!


7. Sessenta milers por Nora.

8. Por (Trio. 9. to logo.

10. For Deus! 11. For fim. 12. Ele entrou pela

porta. 13. or aqui. 14. or assim dizer.

15. Esta por fazer.

I. carta e para ela. 1. A bookcase. 2. New serve para nada. 2. The lesson for

tomorrow. 3. A para amania 3. To go there. 4. Estamos para sair. 4. He left for Belem. 5. Para sempre. 5. Where did they go? 6. Erna estante para 6. We are ready for

7. Para ir Icy. livros.

7. The letter is for her. the trip.

8. Ele partiu para 8. Forever. Belem.

9. Estamos prontos para a viagem.

10. Para onde tiles foram?

ANSWERS

1 -7; 2-9; 3-2; 4-10; 5-8; 6 1; 7-3 ; 8 4; 9 6; 10-5.

LESSON 32

60. ASKING YOUR WAY

(Asking Your Way)

Por favor. Excuse me. Please.

Como se chama esta cidade? What is the name of this town?

A que distancia estamos de Porto Alegre? How far are we from Porto Alegre?

Quantos quillimetros sao daqui a Sintra? How many kilometers is it from here to Sintra?

Fica a dez quilometros daqui. It's ten kilometers from here.

Como se vai daqui a Braga? How do 1 (does one) get to Braga from here?

Siga este caminho. Follow this road.

Pode diner-me como ir a este endereco? Can you tell me how I can get to this address?

Babe onde flea este lugar? Do you know where this place is

Como se chama esta rua? What is the name of this street?

7. At last.

8. By chance. 9. It's still to be done.

10. For the time being. 11. See you soon. 12. Around two o'clock.

13. So to speak. 14. He came in through

the door. 15. We passed through

Spain.

ANSWERS

1-8; 2-12; 3-15; 4-10; 5-1; 6-4; 7-2; 8-3; 9-11; 10 6; 11-7; 12-14; 13-; 14-13; 15-9.

QUIZ 30

9. It's worthless.

10. We are about to leave.


Pode dizer-me onde flea esta rua? Can you tell me where this street is?

Onde é a Rua da Liberdade? Where is Liberdade Street (Liberty Street)? Fica longe daqui? Is it far from here?

Fica perto? Is it near?

E a terceira rua direita. It's the third street to the right.

Passe por aqui. Go this way.

Siga sempre em frente. Go straight ahead.

Siga ate a esquina e dobre (vire ®) a esquerda. Go to the corner and turn to the left.

Dobre (Vire 12) direita. Turn right.

Onde hi uma garage ® (garagem el and er Where is there a garage?

Esti aberta a garage (garagem)? Is the garage open?

Onde é o past& policial (a esquadra Where is the police station?

Onde a Prefeitura (a Cimara Municipal (D)? Where is the City Hall?

Onde pira o enibus (o autocrat) Or Where does the bus stop?

1 posto (D.


Onde devo descer? Where do I get off?

Em que parada (paragem devo descer? At what stop should I get off?

Onde fica a estacio da estrada (do caminho 0) de Ferro?

Where is the railroad station?

Quid é o trem (o cornboio 12) para a capital? Which is the train to the capital?

De que plataforma sal? From which platform does it leave?

Onde esti o gulch e (guichet ®) de informaciies? Where is the information desk?

Tenha a bondade de char-me um horario. Please give me a timetable.

A que horas sal? At what time does it leave?

Acaba de sair. It just left.

Vai sair agora. It's going to leave now A que horas sal o proximo trem (combolo ? At what time does the next train leave?

A que horas sal o expresso (o rapidor At what time does the express leave?

A que horas chega capital? At what time does it arrive in the capital?

Tem carro dormitorio? (Tern carruagem cama? Does it have a steeper?


Nao, mas tern carro (iagao) restaurante e carro para fumar (fumadores

No, but it has a diner and a smoking car. Tem ar condicionado? Is it air-conditioned?

Onde flea o guiche de passagens (a bilheteira Where is the ticket window?

Por favor, uma passagem para Sao Paulo. A ticket to Sao Paulo, please.

Simples ou de ida e volta? One way or round trip?

De ida e volta; é mais barato, nao i? Round trip; it's cheaper, isn't it?

E. De primeira ou (de) segunda classe? Yes, it is. First or second class?

De primeira. Quanto é? First -class. How much is it?

Tenho pouca bagagem. Se duas malls. I have only a little baggage. Just two bags.

LESSON 33

(Writing, Phoning, Telegraphing)

Urn pouco mais de uma bora. A little more than an hour.


147

Este Lugar esta ocupado? Is this seat taken?

Vou Or a mala aqui. I'm going to put my bag here.

Que estacio é esta? What station is this?

Quanto tempo demoramos aqui? How long do we stay (stop) here?

Temos de baldear aqui? Do we have to change trains here?

Este trem (comboio Ora na capital? Does this train stop in the capital?

61. WRITING, PHONING, TELEGRAPHING

senhor tem (urn) lapis? Do you have a pencil?

• senhor tern (uma) caneta? Do you have a pen? Tenho uma caneta-tinteiro e uma caneta esferografica. I have a fountain pen and a ballpoint pen.

• senhor tern mata-borrao? Do you have a blotter?

N o tenho envelopes. I don't have any envelopes.

Nem selos. Nor stamps. Desejo mandar uma carta area (uma carta por aviao). 1 want to send an airmail letter. .

148


Onde é o correio? Where is the post office? Na esquina. On the corner.

Onde vender selos? Where do they sell stamps?

Quero enviar esta carta pelo correio &ere° (esta carta por aviao).

I want to send this letter airmail.

Quanto é o Porte? How much is the postage?

Gostaria de passar um telegrama. I'd like to send a telegram.

Onde é o telegrafo? Where is the telegraph office?

Flea no correio. It's in the post office.

Quanto é um telegrama para Silo Paulo? How much is a telegram to Sao Paulo?

Quanto tempo leva para chegar? How long does it take to get there?

Hi telefone aqui? Is there a telephone here?

Onde posso telefonar? Where can I phone?

Onde fica (esti) o telefone? Where is the telephone?


Onde hi uma cabina teleionicaV Where is there a telephone booth?

No vesdbulo do hotel. In the hotel lobby.

Di licenca para usar o telefone? (DIlicence que eu use o telefone?)

May I use your phone? ("Will you give permission to use the telephone?")

Pols nio! Of course!

Quero dar (fazer) urn telefonema interurban°. I want to make a long-distance call.

Quanto custa urn telefonema para Lisboa? How much is a phone call to Lisbon?

Quero falar com o sete-cinco-oito-dois. I want 7582.

Espere um momento. Hold the wire a minute. ("Wait a moment.")

A links esti ocupada (impedida ®). The line is busy.

Telefonista, den-me o namero errado. Operator, you gave me the wrong number.

Nio respondem. There is no answer.

Gostaria de falar (Desejo falar) coin o senhor Silva. I'd like to speak to Mr. Silva.

1 telefOnica

•


Fala o senhor Silva. This is Mr. Silva.

Aqui Pala o senhor Martins. This is Mr. Martins speaking.

Corn quern falo? Who is this? ("With whom am I speaking?")

Conn o senhor Martins. With Mr. Martins.

LESSON 34

62. FAMILY AFFAIRS

11:1 (Family Affairs)

COMO se chum o senhor? (Como se chama?) What is your name?

Chamo-me 'lobo Martins. My name is JoIto (John) Martins.

Como se chama ele? What is his name?

De se chama (Cbama-se) Carlos Magallties. His name is Carlos (Charles) MagalhAes.

Como se chama ela? What is her name?

Ele se chama (chama-se) Jose Campos e ela Ana Coelho.

His name is Jose (Joseph) Campos and hers is Ana Coelho.

Qual é o nome Me? What is his name?

o nome dele é Carlos. His name is Carlos.

Qual é o seu nome de familia? What is his last name?

E Silva. (Silva.) It's Silva.

Donde é o senhor? Where are you from?

Sou de Lisboa. I'm from Lisbon.

7

Onde meat o senhor? (Onde nasceu?) Where were you born?

Nasci em Coimbra. I was born in Coimbra.

Quantos anos o senhor tem? (Quantos anos tem?) How old are you?

Ela se chama (Ea chama•se) Maria Fernandes. Her name is Maria (Mary) Fernandes.

Como se chamam ales? What are their names?

Tenho vinte e quatro anos. I am twenty -four years old.

Eu fa co (Facto) vinte e cinco anos em setembro. I'll be twenty-five in September.


Nasei em dezenove (dezanove To de agasto de mil novecentos e quarenta e sees.

I was born August 19, 1946.

Quantos irmAos o senhor tem? (Quantos irmilos tem? How many brothers do you have?

Tenho dots irmaos. I have two brothers.

mais velho tem dezessete (dezassete anos. The older one is seventeen.

tie estuda na universidade. (E estudante da universidade.)

He's at (he studies at) the university.

mais novo tern quinze anos. The younger one is fifteen.

Ele esti (Esti) no ultimo ano do eurso seeundirio. He's in the last year of high school.

Quantas irmas o senhor tern? (Quantas irmis tem?) How many sisters do you have?

Tenho uma irmg. I have one sister.

Eta tern nove anos. (Tern nove anos.) She's nine.

Eta esti numa escota primaria. (Ands na escota primiria.)

She goes to grammar (primary) school.

0 que (o) seu pai? What does your father do?

E advogado. He's a lawyer.

E arquiteto (arquitecto). He's an architect.

E professor. - He's a teacher.

E professor universitirio. He's a university professor.

g medico. He's a doctor.

E comereiante. He's a businessman.

E fazendeiro (lavrador).

He's a farmer.

E funeionirio pfiblico. He's in the government service.

E operario. He's a worker.

tie trabalha (Trabalha) numa fabrics de automoveis. He works in an automobile factory.

Quando 6 o seu aniversirio? When is your birthday?

Meu (0 meu) aniversario a daqui a dual semanas (an vinte e tires de janeiro). My birthday is in two weeks (January 23rd).

Tern parentes aqui? Do you have any relatives here?


Tfidal a sua famtha or aqui? Does all your family live here?

TOda a familia menos (os) meus avos. All my family except my grandparents.

Lies moram numa fazenda perto de Belo Horizonte. They live on a farm near Belo Horizonte.

senhor é parente do senhor Oliveira? Are you related to Mr. Oliveira?

E men tio. He's my uncle.

E meu primo. He's my cousin.

o senhor a parente da senhora Nunes? Are you related to Mrs. Nunes?

E minha She's my aunt.

E minha prima. She's my cousin.

LESSON 35

63. COMPRAS

SHOPPING

ICI in (Buying Things. Ordering Breakfast)

1. Quanto custa isto? How much is this?

2.

fez cruzeiros (escudos e). Ten cruzeiros (escudos).

3. muito carp. Nio tern alguma coisa mail barata? That's rather expensive. Haven't you anything cheaper?

4. Do mesmo genero? 1 Of the same kind?

5. Do mesmo ou de outro parecido. Of the same or something similar.

6. Tem este. There's this.

7. Nio tern alguma coisa de outra especie que me posse mostrar? Haven't you any other kind you could show me?

8. De menos pre co? Less expensive?

9. Se é possivel. If possible.

toda genero (E).


10. Talvez isto seja o que quer. Perhaps this is what you want.

11. Depende do preco. That depends on the price.

12. Este custa oito cruzeiros (escudos 0). This one is eight cruzeiros (escudos).

13. Gosto mais do que do outro. I like it better than the other one.

14. E mais barato. It's cheaper.

15. E este outro, é mais barato ou mais caro? How about this one; is it cheaper or more expensive?

16. k mais caro. It's more expensive.

17. NA° tern mais alguma coisa em estoque (ern ex- istencia )? Haven't you anything else in stock?

18. Em breve espero receber novos estilos. (Espero receber em breve novos modelos. I'm hoping to receive some new styles soon.

19. Para quando? Flow soon?

20. De um dia pare o outro. Pode passar (por aqui) pelo firm da semana? Any day now. Can you drop in toward the end of the week?

21. Posso. E qual é o pre co disto? Yes, I can. . . What's the price of this?


157

22. into cruzeiros (escudos 0) o par. Five cruzeiros (escudos) a pair.

23. Cuero uma duzia. I'd like to have a dozen.

24. Quer lever consign? Will you take them with you?

25. Prefirol que Os envie. I'd rather have you send them.

26. 0 endereco é o mesmo de sempre? Is the address still the same?

27. mesmo. The same.

28. Ate logo. Good-by.

29. Passe berm. Good-by.

NOTES

Title: Compras "Purchases." 2

1. 3 Quarito custa isto? ("How much does this cost?"). How much is this? You can also say: Quanto e? How much is it? ,for quanto se vende isto? ("At, or for how much is this sold?") How much is this? or quanto se vendem os limoes? ("For how

Prefiro is from preferir, a radical-changing verb. See grammar summary section 41, part III.

2 Words in quotation marks are literal translations. 3 Numbers refer to the sentences above.

158 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL POR 159

much are the lemons sold?") How much are the lemons? Quarto the custaram as calcas? ("How much did the trousers cost to you?") How much did your trousers cost?

2. The cruzeiro is the currency unit of Brazil, formerly having been the mil reis. Its value has varied greatly due to steep inflation. As of this writing, the exchange rate is approximately 8,200 cruzeiros to the dollar. The escudo is the currency unit ot Portugal. The present rate of exchange is 165 escudos to the dollar.

3. E muitu cam. ("It's very expensive.") That's rather expensive. tsto é muito cam. This is very high (expensive). Barato cheap. Mais barato ("More cheap") Cheaper. (See sector' 18 of the Summary of Portuguese Grammar.) Mu to barato very cheap.

4. Genero, kind, class, sort. 6. Fern este. ("You have, or there is, this one.")

There's this (one), or, we have this (one). 7. "Don't you have something of another 'kind you

could show me?" Mostre-me outra coisa. ("Show me another thing.") Show me something else.

8. "Of less price?" 10. Seja from iier (see section 39 of the grammar

summary).—"Perhaps this one is what you want."

11. Depender de, to depend on. 15. E este ourro. "And this other one." 18. Em breve, in brief; in a short time. 19. Para quando? "For when?" 20. De um is Para o outro. "From one day to the

other." Passar or aqui) to pass by here, to stop in).

21. Posso I can. In answer to a question, often just the verb will be repeated without "yes" or "no." Pole passar or aqui? Posso. Pod e vir amanhii? Can you come tomorrow? NCio posso. No, I can't.

("I can't.") 24. Consigo is a combination which comes from corn

"with" and si "oneself," "yourself," etc. One also hears corn o senhor or corn d senhora for "with

you." 25. Prefiro que .1 prefer that, I'd prefer that, or I'd

rather 26. "The address is the same of as always?" 28. and 29. For other expressions on departure see

Lesson 8.

QUIZ 31

I. E muito (expensive). a, costa b. isto c. carp

2. Hilo tern aiguma coisa mais (cheap)?

a, genero b. prep c. brats

3. Do (same) genero. a. alguma coisa b. mesmo c. mais

4. De (less) prep% a. mats b. menos c. mesmo


5. Costa (more) do que do outro. a. costa b. mais c. mesmo

6. Nilo (have) mais alguma coisa? a. tem b. caro c. outro

7. Espero (receive) novos estilos (novos modelos). a. custar b. levar c. receber

8. Para (when)? a. estoque b. caro c. quando

9. 0 (address) o mesmo de sempre? a. endereco b. escudo c. envie

ANSWERS

Ic.;2c.;3b.;4b. -,5b.;6a. -,7c.;8c.;9a.


64. 0 CAFE DA MANNA ® (0 PEQUENO ALM0c0

BREAKFAST

1. P': Voce esti com fome? (Voce tern forceP: Are you hungry?

2. J: Estou. (Tenho.) J: Yes, I am.

3. M: Eu tenho uma fore canna. (Tenho uma force canna.) M: I'm terribly hungry.

4. P: Garcom! Garcom! (Empregado! Empregado! (PA P: Waiter! Waiter!

5. G: As seas orders. Que desejam? G: At your service. What would you like?

6. P: Desejamos o café da manila (0 pequeno almoco) pare tres pessoas. P: We'd like breakfast for three.

7. M: Que pole nos servir (servir-nos)? M: What do you have?

8. 6: Café corn leite, chi, chocolate ... G: Coffee with milk, tea, chocolate .

9. P: que servem corn o café? P: What do you serve with it?

1 P. stands here for Pedro "Peter"; J. for Joao "John"; M. for Maria "Mary"; G. for Garcom "Waiter."


10. G: P o, torradas G: Bread, toast . .

11. hel: E manteiga? M: And butter?

12. G: Sim, tembem. G: Yes, also.

13. J: Quero uma Acme (thivena ® café con kite, e pio. J: I'd like a cup of coffee with milk, and some bread (rolls).

14. P: Quero o mesmo. P: I'd like the same.

15. J: Maria, voce o que quer? (Maria, o que quer?) .1: Mary, what do you want?

16. M: Eu nio quero muita coisa. M: I don't want very much.

17. J: Quer se conserver (conserver-se) esbelta, nio

J: You're watching your figure, aren't you?

18. M: NAo precisamente. g mais um hAbito. NI: Not exactly. It's more of a habit.

19. G: E a senhorita, o que quer? (A senhora, o que quer?) 0: And what will you have, miss?

20. M: CU e um ovol quake. M: Tea and a soft-boiled egg.

0,0 ea


21. J: Garcom, 1 queira me trazer urn guardanapo. (Queira trazer-me um guardenapo.) J: Waiter, please bring me a napkin.

22. M: E pare mim um garfo, por favor. M: And a fork for me, please.

23. P: Tenha a bondade de nos trazer (trazer-nos) mais acficar. P: Please bring us some more sugar.

24. J: E depois, a couta . Aqui tern, garcom, 1 fique corn o treco. 2 .1: And then, the check. . . Here you are, waiter. Keep the change.

25. C: Muito obrigado, senhor. G: Thank you, sir.

NOTES

1. Voce estd con forme? ("Are you with hunger?") Voce to fome? ("Do you have hunger?") Are you hungry?

2. Eu tenho uma fome canina. ("I have a canine hunger.") I'm terribly hungry. Cdo and cachorro are words for "dog." Tenho (I have) is from ter to have (see section 43 of the grammar summary).

4. Garcon and garvio are also used. 5. As sums ordens. ("At your orders.") At your

service. Que desejam? ("What do you want?") What would you like?

6. 0 café da manha ("The coffee of the morning") Breakfast. (Used in Brazil, where it is also

' Recorded only on the Brazilian edition. t roc°

*

•


shortened to o café.) 0 pequeno almoco ("The small lunch") and o primeiro almoco ("The first lunch") Breakfast. (Used in Portugal.)

7. "What can you serve us?" The nos may come before the infinitive servir, or after it, joined with a hyphen (see, item 2 b. of section 20 of the grammar summary).

10. Pao is bread, but in a general sense it can also include rolls. Pdozinho means roll, plural pdezi- nhos.

17. "You want to stay slender." Nilo? ("No?"), ao é? ("Isn't it?"), are short forms of Ndo e verdade? ("Isn't it true?")

19. "And what does the young lady want?" 20. Ovo egg. Ovos quentes soft-boiled eggs. Ovos

estrelados fried eggs. Ovos rnexidos scrambled eggs. Ovos duros hard-boiled eggs.

23. "Have the kindness to bring me more sugar." 24. Fique corn o trOco. ("Remain with the change."

Keep the change. The verb fear to stay, remain, is used in a variety of expressions with an exten- sion of meaning, often being the equivalent of "to be." Ficou em casa he stayed home. Onde fica? Where is it? Fico convene do. I am convinced. Pies ficam em pe. They are standing. Esse pakto he fica berm. That jacket looks good on you.

Pique/ doenie. I became ill. Ela ficou zangada. She was (became) angry.

25. "Much obliged."


QUIZ 32

(We want) o cafe da manha (o pequeno almoco) Para tres pessoas. a. desejarnos b. conservatnos c. force

2. and manteiga? a. a b. e C.

3. Quero o (same). a. muito b. mesmo C. server

4. 0 que (do you want)?

a. tenho b. tern C. quer

5. Eu no° quern (much). a. fome b. mesmo C. muita coisa

6. Queira (bring me) urn guardanapo.

a. costume b. me trazer (trazer-me) c. mesmo

7. E (then, later) a con a.

a. amanha b. garfo c. depois

65. A SAMPLE MENU CARDAPIO (EMENTA a MENU

Canja ou sopa de cebola

Omeleta Bacalhau

Frango assado Costeletas grelhadas

Bile corn batatits fritas

Salada de alface con? tomate

Queijo e frutas Cafe

Chicken-rice soup or onion soup

Omelet Cod

Roast chicken Grilled chops

Steak with fried potatoes

Lettuce and tomato salad

Cheese and fruit Coffee

•

LESSON 36

66. PROCURANDO APARTAMENTO APARTMENT HUNTING

(Apartment Hunting)

I. Venho ver o apartamento. I've come to see ("I come to see") the apartment.

2. Qua! dies? Which one?


5. o senhor pole me dar (dar-me) alguns detalhes (algumas informacoesr Can you describe them?

6. 0 do quinto andar nao tern mob Ilia. The one on the fifth floor is unfurnished.

7. E o outro? And the other one?

8. 0 do segundo andar é mobiliado (mobilado). The one on the second floor is furnished.

9. Quantas pews (divisoes sfa) tem? Flow many rooms do they have?

10. 0 do quinto andar tem quatro pews (divisoes), cozinha e banheiro (rasa de banho The one on the fifth floor has four rooms, a kitchen and a bathroom.

11. Di para a rua? Does it face the street?

12. Nao, di para patio. No, it faces the courtyard.

13. E o do segundo andar? And what about the one on the second floor?

3. Aquele que esti para alugar. The one which is for rent.

4. Tem (ha) dois. There are two.

ANSWERS I a.; 2 b.; 3 b.; c.; c.; 6 b.; 7 c.


14. 0 do segundo andar tern urn quarto, saki de estar, e sala de jantar. The one on the second floor has a bedroom, a liv. ing room, and a dining room.


22. Os novels sio modernos e esti° em boas condicoes. It's modern furniture and it's in excellent condition.

15. Tambem di para o patio? Does it also took out on the courtyard?

16. Nab, di para a rua. No, it faces the street.

17. Qcanto é o aluguel (a renda How much is the rent?

18. 0 aluguel do major a vinte e cinco mil cruzeiros por noes, mais a igua e o gis. (A renda do major mil e quinhentos escudos por mes, al em da igna e do gis.®) The larger one rents for twenty-five thousand cruzeiros a month. plus water and gas. (The larger one rents for fifteen hundred escudos a month, besides water and gas. a

19. E o apartamento mobiliado (mobilado)? And the furnished apartment?

20. Este se aluga por quarenta mil cruzeiros por [nes, tudo incluldo. (Este aluga-se por tres mu escudos, tudo incluido. That one rents for forty thousand cruzeiros everything included. (That one rents for three thousand

- escudos, everything included. a 2L Como é a mobflia?

How is the furniture?

23. Est i° incluldos a roupa de came e o servico de mesa? Are bed linens and silverware included?

24. A senhora achark tudo o que precisar, ate utensilios de cozinha. You'll find everything you need, even kitchen utensils.

25. E precis() assinar um contiato? Does one have to sign a lease?

26. Para isso a senhora tern que falar corn o administrador. You'll have to speak to the renting agent about that.

27. Quais sio as condicoes? What are the terms?

28. Urn roes adiantado e outro de dep6sito. One month's rent in advance and another as a deposit.

29. E tudo? Is that all?

30. Naturahnente, a senhora tern que dar referencias. Of course, you will have to give references.

31. A proposito, tern elevador? - By the way, is there an elevator?


32. Ngo, nio tem. No, there isn't.

33. E pens. That's too bad.

34. Alen) disso, o predio é muito moderno. Aside from that, the building is very modern.

35. Que quer dizer coin isso? What do you mean?

36. Tem aquecimento central e escada de senrico. There's central heating and a back stairway.

37. Tern agua quente? Is there hot water?

38. Naturalmente. Os banheiros foram remodelados reeentemente. (As casas de hanho foram remodeladas recentemente. (Do) Of course! The bathrooms were remodeled recently.

39. Ah, esquecia . Tem quarto pars a empregada? Oh, 1 forgot--is there a room for the maid?

40. Tem, e muito bom. Yes, ("and") a very good one.

41. Podemos ver os apartamentos? May we see the apartments?

42. So pieta manhi. Only in the morning.

43. Muito hem. Venho amanhi pela manha. Muito obrigada. Very well. I'll come tomorrow morning. Thank you very much.

44. De nada. As suns orders. Don't mention it. At your service.

NOTES

Title: Procurando apartamento. Looking for an apartment.

2. "Which of them?" 3. Aquele "that one." Alugar to rent, to lease, to let,

to hire. 5. "Can you give me some details (some informa-

tionr" 6. The one of the fifth floor does not have furni-

ture." Meiveis also means furniture. Desmobiliado (Desrnobilado) unfurnished.

9. Peas has a variety of meanings. Here it means "rooms" in the sense of units. The word also means piece, portion, section, a play (theatre), etc, Quarto and sala are used for rooms of the house. Quarto will often have the meaning of bedroom or sleeping quarters. Divisdo ("division") can mean "room" in Portugal.

10. Banho bath. Banheiro git) bathroom, banheira bathtub, chuveiro shower, tomar banho de chuveiro to take a shower. Casa ("house") can mean "room" in Portugal: casa de banho bathroom.

11. Dd is from the verb dar to give. 13. "And the one of the second floor?" 14. Quarto bedroom; also quarto de dormir. Some

times o living is heard for living room. 18. "The rent of the larger one is

99,

20. "This one is rented for . a "

22. "The furniture is modern ." Notice that mobilia


takes a singular verb; me veis takes a plural verb; move! is the singular form.

23. "Are (there) included bed linens and table service?"

25. "Is it necessary to sign a lease?" 26. "For that you will have to speak . ." 27. Quals is the plural of qua!, what, which. 33. Pena, besides "pen" also means pain, sorrow,

pity. 35. Querer diner to mean. "What do you mean with

that?" 36. Escada de set-yip service stairway. 38. Remodelados or reformados remodeled. 41. "Can we see ." 43. Venho from the verb vir, "I come." 44. "For nothing. At your orders."

QUIZ 33

/. (1 come) veto apartamento. rem • venho

c. coo

2. Aqui* que is Para alugar. a. ver b. ese c. estid

3. (there are) doffs. a. tern (ha) h. venho (vem) c. ld

4. Nilo tem (furniture). andar banheiro

c, mobilia

(how many) peps (divisoes) tern? a. como b. quantas c. muitas

6. Dd Para a (street)? a. cozinha b. pdtio c. rua

(also) del para o pdtio?

a. tambem b. outro c. rua

(what) sao as condicoes? a. quaffs b. quando c. onde •

9. A senhora (will find) tudo o que precisar a. andar b. tend c. achard

10. 0 predio (very) moderno. a. manhel

muito c. mobiliado


ANSWERS I b.; 2 c.; 3 a.; 4 c.; 5 b.; 6 c.; 7 a.; 8 a.; 9 c.; 10 b.

67. SOME COMMON VERBS

Tenho razdo. Ek ndo tern ma°. Ries /zoo tem razdo.

senhor tem um cachimbo?

Nay tenho. Ndo fumo.

A fazenda tern muitos animal's?

Tem. Tern gado, eavalos, e carneiros.

I'm right. He's not right. They're wrong. Do you have a pipe?

I don't have (any). I don't smoke.

Does the farm have many animals?

Yes, it has. It has cattle, horses, and sheep.

1. Ter "to have"

a. I have, etc. (Do not use the forms in parentheses until you are sure of their proper usage.)

tenho temos (tens)

(tender) tern tern

Tenho urn belojardim.. Sao tenho nada.

senhor tem? Nao tenho. Tenho tempo. Neiro tenho dinheiro. Ncio tenho filhos. Ele ndo tern amigos.

Tenho fome. (Estou corm _Tome)!

Tenho sede. (Estou corn

Tenho sono. (Estou corn sono.)

Tenho frio. (Estou corn frio.)

Tenho vinte anos. Tenho dor de cabeca

(Estou corn dor de cabeca)

Ela tern dor de dente. (Ela estei corn dor de dente or dentes.) que a que voce tern?

Sao tenho nada.

Pies tem pressa. (Pies estao corn pressa.)

Etas mo tiveram born exit&

Tenha a bondade de avisar-me

Tenha cuidado. senhor tem a palavra.

Tenho saudades de minha terra

I'm twenty years old. I have a headache.

She has a toothache.

What's the matter with you?

Nothing's the matter with me.

They're in a hurry.

They were not successful.

Please inform me.

Be careful. You have the floor. I long for my country.

I have a pretty garden. I don't have anything. Do you have it? I don't have (it).

have time. I don't have any money. I don't have any children. He doesn't have any

friends.

I'm hungry.

I'm thirsty.

I'm sleepy.

I'm cold.

In this section, the form in parentheses is usually more common in Brazil.

Tenho sorte. (Estou corn sorte.)

Nao tern importancia.

b. Ter que or ter de Tenho que ir hoje,

senhor tem que acreditar.

Os meninos tem de brincar.

Ela tem de indagar.

c. Do I Have It? Eu tenho?

senhor tern? tie tem? Da tern?

IVs temos? Os senhores tem? ties Was) tem?

d. Don't I Have It? Eu nao tenho?

senhor tido tem? no tem?

Ela noo tern?

Nos nab terror? Os senhores naro tern? Ales (etas) ?go tern?

I'm lucky.

It doesn't matter.

The children have to play.

She has to inquire.

Do I have it Do you have it? Does he have it Does she have it

Do we have it? Do you have it Do they have it?

Don't I have it? Don't you have it? Doesn't he have it Doesn't she have it?

Don't we have it Don't you have it? Don't they have it?

translates our "to have to": I have to go today. You have to believe.

QUIZ 34

1. Nao tenho dinheiro. 2. Nilo tenho nada.

1. I have a headache. 2. Don't you have it


3. Lie ndo tern razelo. 4. Tenho sono. 5. tie tem?

Eu nao tenho.

7. Tenho force. 8. Tenho frio. 9. Tenho vinte anon.

10. senhor nero tern? I 1. Tenho que it hole. 12. ties tem press. 13. Tenho secie. 14. Tenho dor de cabeca 15. Tenha cuidado.

3. I don't have it. 4. I'm cold. 5. They're in a hurry. 6. I don't have any

money. 7. Does he have it?

He's not right. 9. I'm thirty.

10. Be careful. 11. I don't have anything 12. I'm sleepy. 13. I'm hungry. 14. I have to go today. 15. I'm twenty years old.

ANSWERS

1-6; 2-11; 3-8; 4-12; 5-7; 6-3; 7-13; 8-4; 9 15; 10 2; 11-14; 12-5; 13 9; 14 1; 15-10.

2. Haver "to have" (auxiliary verb)

hei

havemos (has)

(haveis) hdo

a. Haver is not used to translate "to have" in the sense of "to possess" (ter is used for this meaning). Haver is used with the past participle to form compound tenses, but ter has been re- placing it in this use:

lei (tenho) aprendido I have learned (been muito. learning) very much.

Havia (tinha) esquecido. I had forgotten.

Ha panto tempo? Hd you co tempo. Ha muito tempo. Liles ielefonaram tres

horas. Ha dais dias que ndo

me fa/arm

Haver is used in expressions of time: How long ago? Not long ago. A long time ago. They phoned three hours

ago. They haven't spoken to

me for two days.

Havemos de encontrar-nos um dia no Brasil.

Hei de it agora mesmo.

e. Other uses: Haja o que houver. Que hd de novo? Ndo ha de que.

3. Fazer "to do," "make"

fay°, (fazes) faz

Que vai fazer?

Como se faz isto? Ela fie a cama.

a. The third person some expressions

Faz born tempo. Ontemfez mau tempo.

Aqui nunca fa z frio. Faz calor no venlig?

fez ®.


b.

c. The third person singular ha means "there is" or "there are" (tem is often used in this sense, especially in Brazil):

Ha muita genie aqui. There are many people here.

Ida uma festa amanha. There is a party tomorrow.

Ha muiios estrangeiros There are many nessa cidade. foreigners in that city.

Howe and havia mean "there was" or "there were":

Houve um incendio. There was a fire. Havia muita genie There were many people

quando cheguei. when I arrived.

Haverd means "there will be": Havers outro governo. 1 There will be another

government.

d. Haver de indicates intention, expectation, or obligation:

We'll meet some day in Brazil.

I have to go right now.

Come what may. What's new? Not at all; you're • welcome; don't

mention it.

fazemos (fazeis) fazem

What are you going to do?

How do you do this? She made the bed.

singular of fazer is used in about the weather:

The weather is good. Yesterday the weather

was bad. It's never cold here. Is it warm in the

summer?

I govern° e.


b. Fazer is used at times instead of haver in expressions of time

Faz tempo que ele ndo me fala.

Faz tres dias que ndo o vejo.

He hasn't spoken to me for some time.

I haven't seen him for three days.

Faz frio. Haja o que houver.

Elafez a alma. 9. Como se faz isto?

10. c tres horas.

6. Please. 7. There is a party

tomorrow. 8. The weather is good. 9. They haven't spoken

to me for two days. 10. How do you do this?

c. Other uses of fazer Agora votes podem fazer

perguntas. Facia o favor de cobrir

ludo. preciso fazer fila?

tie ainda tido faz a barba.

Quando nos vai fazer uma visita?

PI& faz mai. Vamos fazer uma

viagem no verdo. Ale fez dezoito anos

ontem.

1 . Ha uma festa amanha.

2. Que vai fazer? 3. Faz born tempo. 4. Ha dois dias que

ndo me fa/arm 5. Facia o favor.

Now you can ask questions.

Please cover everything.

Is it necessary to stand in line?

He doesn't shave yet.

When are you going to visit us?

It doesn't matter. We're going to take a

trip in the summer. He became eighteen

years old yesterday.

2. It's cold. 3. Come what may. 4. She made the bed.

5. What are you going to do?

ANSWERS

1-7; 2-5; 3-8; 4-9; 5-6; 6-2; 7-3; 8-4; 9 10; 10-1.

LESSON 37

68. ICAO SOU DAQUI I'M A STRANGER HERE

(I'm A Stranger Here)

1. Boa tarde. Good afternoon.

2. Boa tarde. Em que posso servi-lo? Good afternoon. What can I do for you?

3. Podia me dar (dar-me) algumas informacOes? Could you give me some information?

4. Com mwto grazer. Gladly. ("With much pleasure.")

5. NI° conheco a cidade e nAo posso me oriental. (orientar-me). I don't know the city and I can't find my way around.

QUIZ 35

1. Three hours ago.


6. (Pois), é motto simples. (Well), it's quite simple.

7. E que eu ngo sou daqui. You see, I'm a stranger here.

8. Nesse case en the mestro (mostro-lhe) a cidade. In that case show you the town.

9. Agradeso muito. I'm very grateful to you.

10. Ye aquele predio grande na esquina? Do you see that large building on the corner?

11. Aguele da bandeira? The one with the flag?

12. Precisamente. E o correio. Em &elite d8k, do outro lado da rua That's right. ("Exactly.") That's the post office. Opposite it, on the other side of the street . .

13. Onde? Where?

14. Li (Acola senhor v4 aquele outro predio com o relegio? Over there. Do you see that other building with the clock?

15. Aix sim, vejo. Oh, yes, I see it.

16. E a Prefeitura. (E a Camara Municipal. (E)) That's the City Hall.

17. Vejo . A prop situ, em que rua estamos? I see. . . By the way, what street are we on?

18. Estamos na rua principal da cidade. We're on the city's main street.

19. Onde fica o pest° policial (a esquadra (r))? Where is the police station?

20. No fim da rua. Siga sempre em frente. At the end of the street. Go straight ahead.

21. E se nAo acerto? What if I don't find it?

22. Val acertar. E um predio grande com uma grade de Ferro em rector . o senhor ye aquela loja? You'll find it. It's a big building with an iron fence around it . . Do you see that store?

23. Que loja? Ague's" direita? Which store? The one on the right?

24. Sim, aquela que tem um globs verde na vitrina (montra). Yes, the one with a green globe in the window.

25. E uma barbearia? Is it a barbershop?

26. No, uma farmacia. HI um medico na casa ao lado. Tem o nome na porta. No, it's a pharmacy. A doctor lives in the house next door. ("There's a doctor in the house at the side.") His name's on the door. ("He has the name on the door.")

27. LIe tem o consult Brio na mesma casa em que mora? Does he have his office in his home? ("Does he


have the office in the same house in which he lives ['dwelle] ")

23. Tem, mas pela marsh A esta no hospital. Yes, he does, but in the morning he is at the hospital.

29. Onde é o hospital? Where is the hospital?

30. 0 hospital fica a dual quadras (doss quarteirtes) daqui, um pouco antes de chegar rodovia (estrads). The hospital is two blocks from here, just before ("a little before") you come to the highway.

31. Como posso voltar a (ao) men hotel? How can I get back to my hotel?

32. Venha aqui. 0 senhor est* vend °, a lit pert° do . (Venha aqui, o senhor esta aver, acol pert o do ...) Come over here. You see it there, next to the .

33. ... cinema. . movie theatre.

34. Exato (Exacto (E)). That's right.

35. sei. I know. ("I already !mow.")

36. or que nAo compra um guia? Why don't you buy a guidebook?

37. Boa idea (ideia To. Onde posso comprax (comps-lo)

Good idea. Where can I buy (one)?

38. Na estacio ou em qualquer banca (quiosque) de jornais. In the station or at any newspaper stand.

39. A estsicao é longe daqui? Is the station far from here?

40. A estacto fica na Praca Maui. The station is on Maud Square.

41. Onde hi uma banal (um quiosque) de jornais por ate. Where is there a newsstand near here?

42. Ha uma (um) na esquina. There's one on the corner.

43. Fico-lhe muito grato. Thank you very much. ("I remain much obliged to you.")

44. NA° hi de que. of um prazer poder ser-lhe IIL Don't mention it. ("There is nothing for which to be grateful.") I'm very glad to have been of some assistance. ("It was a pleasure to be able to be useful to you.")

45. Tive muita sorte em encontra-lo. senhor conhece inuito bem a cidade. I was very lucky to meet you. You know the city very well.

46. No é de admirar. Sou o prefeito (administrador do conseiho). It's not surprising. I'm the mayor.


3. Aquek predio grande na (corner). a. esquina b. correio

NOTES

Title: Nilo sou daqui. I'm a stranger. ("I'm not from here.")

2. "Good afternoon. In what can I serve you?" Posso, I can, from poder to be abler

3. Podia? Could you?; from poder. 1 Poderia could also be used.

5. Orientar-se to orient oneself, to get one's bear- ings, to find one's way.

7. "It's that I'm not from here." 11. "That one of the flag?" 15. ;Tejo. I see; from ver to see.' 31. Voitar to return. 34. "Exactly." 44. Foi. It was; from ser to be? 45. "I had much luck in meeting you." 46. Nao a de admirar. ("It is not to cause surprise."

It's not surprising.

QUIZ 36 .E! a (City Hall). a. simples b. Prefeitura (Camara MunicOal (E)) c. cidade

C. rua

4. o (post office). a. predio

correio c.Prefeitura (Camara Municipal a

5. en or ye aquela (store)? a. direita b. loja c. barbearia

6. Hd urn (doctor) na casa ao /ado. a. medico b. farmdcia c. nore

7. Tem o norne na _ (door). a. mesma b. porta c, consultOrio

2. Eu the mostro a (city). a. correio b. cidade e. caso

8. Lie tern o consultOrio na mesma que mora? a. porta b. (ado c. casa

(house) em

1 For these and other irregular verbs see section 43 of the grammar summary.

9. Um pouco (before) de chegar a rodovia. a. barbearia


b. antes C. jornais

10. Onde (can I) copnprar? a. posso b. conheco C. vejo

ANSWERS

I b.; 2b.; 3 a.; 4b.; 5b.; 6 a.; 7 b.; Sc.; 9b.; 10a.

LESSON 38

69. CUMPRIMENTANDO UM VELHO AMIGO.

GREETING AN OLD FRIEND

1:11 (Meeting an Old Friend)

1. P1-: Onde esti o senhor Guimaries? &guile senhor que acaba de chegar. P: Where is Mr. Guimaraes? the gentleman who just arrived.

2. G: Ele entrou na sala de jantar. G: He went into the dining room.

3. P: (entrando na sala de jantar e olhando em redor de si) Ah! Voce esti al! Como vai, men caro Joao? P: (entering the dining room and looking around) Ah, there you are! How are you, ("my dear") John?


4. Muito bem. E voce, Pedro? Esti bem? J: Fine. And how are you, Peter? ("And you, Peter? Are you well?")

5. P: Voce fez boa viagem? P: Did you have a good trip?

6. J: Estupenda! J: Wonderful!

7. P: olhe. Vou apresenti-lo minha esposa. 1 P: ("Look.") I'd like you to meet my wife.

S. J: Terei mite prazer em conhece-1a. J: be delighted to meet her.

9. P: Maria, apresento-lhe (apresento-te) o 111 eu velho amigo, Joio Guimarges. P: Mary, this is an old friend, John Guimarks.

10. J: Tenho muito prazer em conhece-la, senhora. J: I'm very glad to know you.

ILL M prazer é todo meu. (0 prazer a meu.) M: I'm glad to know you.

12. J: A senhora sabe que (o) Pedro e eu somos amigos. J: You know that Peter and I are old friends.

13. Ni: Eu sei! NM hi dia em que nick me fate do senhor (de si). M: Yes, I know. Not a day goes by without his speaking of you. ("There is not a day in which he does not speak to me about you.")

P. stands for Pedro "Peter"; G. for o Gerente do hotel "the hotel manager"; J. for Joao "John"; M. for Maria "Mary." esPosa 121.

190 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE ONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 191

14. J: E mesmo? (De verdade?) J: Really?

15. P: Voce nao sabe (panto prazer tenho em ve-lo de novo (ern tornar a ve-lo). P: You don't know how happy I am to see you again.

16. J: En tambem. Voce taco mudou nada. J: The same here. You haven't changed a bit.

17. P: Voce tambem nito mudou nada. Esti sempre jovem. P: You haven't changed either. You still look as young as ever.

18. M: (A) sua senhora gosta dos Estados Unidos? M: How does your wife like the United States?

19. J: J esti acostumada. .1: She's gotten used to it.

20. M: Ouvi diner que a vida em Nova torque é muito diferente da vida no Rio de Janeiro. M: I understand that life in New York is quite different from life in Rio de Janeiro.

21. J: Corn efeito. Ha muita coisa (muitas coisas) bem diferente. J: h certainly is. Many things there are different.

22. Por exernplo? M: For example?

23. Por exemplo, a senhora nunca pensaria em it almocar mama farmida, n o a verdade? J: For example, you wouldn't thin l of going to a pharmacy for lunch, would you?

24. M: Numa farmacia? M: A pharmacy?

25. P: Que brincadeira é essa? P: What kind of joke is that?

26. J: Niio é brincadeira. Estou falando (a &tar) seri°. La, numa farmicia pode-se tomar o café da manh 411) (o prinieiro almocso at)) . o almeco o jantar J: It's not a joke at all. One can have breakfast in a pharmacy, or lunch or dinner.

27. P: Por favor, olio brinque. P: You're joking.

2S. M: Mas como o senhor sabe, aqul numa farmicia so se aviam (so aviam) receitas medicas e vendem retnedios. M: But as you know, here pharmacies only fill prescriptions and sell medicine.

29. Mas hi, al em de aviarem receitas, servem boas refeicoes, sorvete e refrescos. J: But over there, in addition to good meals you can have ice cream and refreshments.

30. M: E fa em as refeicoes corn Ludo cheirando (a cheirar a a remedio? M: And one eats there with the smell of medicine all around?

31. J: NI% nada disso. Sito estabelechnentos grandes e muito hem organizados, corn ar condicionado no verb() e corn aquecimento no inverno. E repito, pode-se corner como em urn


restaurante qualquer (como em quaiquer restaurante). J: Oh, nothing of the sort. They are large and well-organized establishments, with air condition- ing in the summer and heat in the winter. And there, I repeat, you can eat as well as in any restaurant.

32. P: Numa farmacia! Meu Deus! NA° me fa ca rir. P: In a pharmacy! For heaven's sake! Don't make me laugh!

33. 3: Sim, numa farmacia. Mas 1 a farmacia nito tem esse nome. Chama-se "drugstore." J: Yes, in a pharmacy. But over there it's not called a pharmacy; it's called a "drugstore?'

P: Compreendo. E farmacia mas nao se chama farmacia. Entao, se nab se chama farmacia, no 6 farmacia. P: I understand. It's a pharmacy but they don't call it a pharmacy. Then, if it's not called a pharmacy, it's not a pharmacy.

35. Jr: Pois hem, numa "drugstore" vender selos, cartes (hilhetes) postais, charutos, cigarros, aparethos eletricos, 1 brinquedos, livros e outras miudezas. J: Well, in a drugstore they sell stamps, postcards, cigars, cigarettes, electrical appliances, toys, books, and other odds and ends.

36. P: Entao é um bazar. P: Then it's a bazaar!

1 eiectrices (D.


193

37. J: Nao é; é urns "drugstore." No it's not; it's still a "dnigstore."

38. P: Mara has dos Estados Unidos! P: The wonders of America!

NOTES 7. "Look. I am going to introduce you to my wife." 8. "I will (shall) have much pleasure in knowing

her." 9. "Mary, I present to you my old friend, John

Guimaraes." 10. "1 have much pleasure in knowing you, madam."

Conhece-la is the infinitive conhecer "to know" and the object a "you" (fem.) (see item 2 of section 20 of grammar sununary).

11. "The pleasure is (all) mine." 15. "You don't know how much pleasure I have in

seeing you again." Ve-lo is the infinitive ver "to see" and the object o "you" (masc.).

16. "I also." 17. Estd sempre jovem. "You are always young." Ser

jovem means to be young; estarjovem here means to look young.

19. "She is already accustomed." 20. "I heard say that life in New York is very differ-

ent from life in Rio de Janeiro." 21. Muita coisa is a singular form used here in the

sense of a plural; the plural form multas coisas can also be used.

23. PI&a verdade? means "Isn't it the truth," but the translation will vary according to the nature of the question; here it is given as "would you?"

26. "It is not a joke. I am speaking seriously."

1 94 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

27. "Please. Don't joke." 28. "But as you know, here in a pharmacy they only

fill medical prescriptions and sell medicines." 29. Servem they serve. 30. "And one eats his meals with everything smell-

ing of medicine?" 31. Nada disso "nothing of that" Corn aquecimento

"with heat" 32. Deus is "God," but such expressions as Meu Deus

are translated "For heaven's (goodness') sake," etc.

33. Ndo term esse nome. "(It) doesn't have that name." 37. "It's not; it's a *drugstore.' "

QUIZ 37

(where) estd o senhor Guimardes? a. corm b. onde c, entrar

2. (bp& senhor que acaba de (arrive). a. chegar b. jantar c. lado

3. Vou apresentil-lo minha (wife). a. cidade b. sala c. esposa

4. Terei muito prazer to know her). a. esposa b. ve-bo c. conhece-la


Apresento -lhe (apresento -te) o meu velho

(friend) Joao. a. prazer b. tambem c. amigo

6. A senhora (know) que somos veihos amigos.

a. conhecer b. sate c. diner

Eu (know). sei

b. vejo c. tenho

B. Voce ndo (changed) nada. a. acosiumada b. mudou c. tomar

9. Voce esta sempre (young). a. ,over b. nada c. brincadeira

10. A (life) em Nova torque a muito dzferente. a. coisa b. vida c. rua

L muita (thing) berm dzferente. a. vida b. receita c. coisa


19. Ndo me fa ca (laugh). a. mas 5. rir c. jantar

20. Numa "drugstore" vender (books). a. brinquedos b. livros C. refrescos

ANSWERS

b.; 2 a.; 3 c.; 4 c.; 5 c.; 6 b.; 7 a.; 8 b.; 9 a.; 10 b.; ilc.;12b.; 13a.; 14b.; 15b.; 16a.; 17b.; 18c.; 19b.; 20 b.

70. THE COMMONEST VERBS AlD THEIR COMMONEST FORMS

1. Fazer "to do," 'make'

PRESENT

I faco You (sing.) (fazes) Be, she, it faz

IMPERATIVE

Familiar: Polite: (Faze!) sing. oca! sing. (Fazei.9 p1. Factain! pl.

12. Aqui (they sell) remedios. a. serer b. vender c. jantar

13. Servem (good) refeicoes. a. boas b. distinta c. receitas

14. Selo estabelecimentos (Urge). a, jovem b. grandes c. charutos

15. Coat ar condicionado no (summer). a. sera re b. verso c, iada

16, Corn aquecimento no (winter). a. inverno

sorvete c. como

17, (it's called) "drugstore." a. acostumada 5. chama-se c. jantar

18. A farmicia redo tern esse (name), a. refrescos b, tomar c, none

PAST FUTURE

fiz farei

(fizeste)

Vards) fez'

fani

We You (p1.) They

fazemos fizemos (fazeis) (fizestes) fazem fizeram

fa remos (fareis) farao

fez e.

PAST

(faste)‘ for

fomos (fostes)' foram

FUTURE

irei liras) ira

iremos {firers) irao


Eu mesmo o fizs I made (did) it myself. ties farao muitas They will make many

promessas. promises. Ela o fa z de algodao. She is making it (out) of

cotton. Rica o mar's cedo Do it as soon as

possivel. possible.

2. Haver "to have" (auxiliary verb, usually replaced by ter today)


3. Jr "to go"

PRESENT

you

You (sing.) (vais) He, she, it vai

We vamos You (p1.) (ides) They vao

199

PRESENT I hei You (sing.) (has) He, she, it ha

PAST

houve (houveste) houve

FUTURE

ha verei ha very haverci

IMPERATIVE

Familiar: Polite:

(Vai!) sing. Vet! sing. (fide !) pi. o pl.

We havemos You (p1.) (haveis) They hao

Hei (tenho) colocado Ludo no se u lugar.

Nao h estrelas 2 no ciu.

Etas nao haviam favorecido isso.

Nao houve guerra nesse ano.

houvemos haveremos (houvestes) (havereis) houveram ha verso

I have put (been putting) everything in its place.

There are no stars in the sky.

They (fern.) had not favored that.

There was no war that year.

Vou ao Brasil no varao.

tie vai sozinho. Eu you jogar

amanha.

tie foi Vamos! Vd corn ela.

4. Vir "to come"

PRESENT

venho You (sing.) (yens) He, she, it vein

I am going to Brazil in the summer.

He's going by himself. I'm going to play tennis

tomorrow. (This contruction is often used to express future actions.)

He went to see her. Let's go! Go with her.

IMPERATIVE Familiar: Polite: (MO sing. Raja! sing. (Havei.9 p1. Ha jam! pl.

PAST

FUTURE

vim virei (view)

(liras) veio virti

2 esirelas I No accent mark in Portugal.

IMPERATIVE

Familiar: Polite: (Di .9 sing. De! sing. (Dail) p1. Deem! p1.

tie me deu essa lc mpada.

Quando voce vai me dar resposta?

De-the o titulo.

He gave me that lamp.

When are you going to give me an answer?

Give him the title.


We vimos You (pt.) (aides) They rein

viemos (iiestes) 1'f ̂ #rrrrrr

rentos frireis) ttirao

Ele Ede ndo cre em nada. He doesn't believe in anything.

6. Dar "to give"

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

1 dou

dei

darei You (sing.) (this)

(deste)

(dards) He, she, it dei

deu daril

Vein comigo?

Ninguem veio. Des vern todos cis dirs. Oa Or duas horns.

Venham conic.

5. Crer 4 to believe"

Are you coming with me?

Nobody came. They come every day. She will come at two

o'clock. Come with me.

IMPERATIVE

Familiar: Polite ern!) sing. Venhaf sing.

(Vinde.9 pl. Venham! p1.

We damos

demos daremos

You (p1.) (dais)

(destes)

(dareis) They ciao deram darao

PRESENT I crew You (sing.) (cres) He, she it ere

We eremos You (pl.)

(credes) They creem

PAST

eri resteY

creu

cremos (crestes) 1 creram

FUTURE

crerei (crertis) crerii

crereinos (crereis) crerao

7. Ter "to have"

PRESENT

tenho You (sing.) (tens) He, she, it to

We terms You (pi.)

(tendes) They tern

PAST

live (tiveste) teve

Iii (tivestes) tiveram

FUTURE

terei (terds) ter''

teremos (tereis) terao

IMPERATIVE

Familiar: Polite: (re!) sing. Creia! sing. (Crede!) p1. Creiam! p1.

1 No accent mark in Portugal.


IMPERATIVE

Polite: Tenha! sing. Tenham!

Familiar: (Tern!) sing. (Tende!) pi.

Ela tern muitos vestidos novos.

Alguem tens que representar a escola.

Tiveram outra Tenha cuidado!

She has many new dresses.

Somebody has to represent the school.

They had another crisis. Be careful!

Que dirti ela amanhCi?

Diga-me a verclade.

9. Por "to put"

PRESENT

I ponho You (sing.) (pews) He, she, it peie

What will she say tomorrow? I wonder what she will say tomorrow.

Tell me the truth.

PAST FUTURE

pus porei (puseste) (porcis) pos pars

8.Dizer " to to say"

We pomos You (pl.) (ponder) They pOem

pusemos poremos (pusestes) (poreis) puseram porclo

IMPERATIVE

Familiar: Polite: (Plie!) sing. Ponha! sing. (Ponde!) pl. Ponham! pl.

PRESENT

PAST FUTURE

I

digo

disse direi You (sing.) (dizes)

(dissesste) (dirds) He, she, it (Hz

disse direi

Onde o senhor p as Where did you put the instrucoes? instructions?

Ponha a knha aqui. Put the wood here. Vamos Or as revistas We are going to put the

na mesa. magazines on the table.

tie rulo porci nada na He will not put anything cadeira. on the chair.

We dizemos dissemos direnios You (pi.)

(dizeis) (dissestes) (direis) They dizem disseram dirao

IMPERATIVE

Familiar:

Polite: (Dize!) sing. Diga! sing. (Dizei!) pl. Digam! pl.

Dizem que ele team muitas dividas.

Ela disse que tinha certas davidas.

They say he has many debts.

She said she had certain doubts.

12. Sair "to leave"

I You (sing.) He, she, it

PRESENT PAST

sago sal (sais)

(salste) sai saiu

FUTURE

sairei (sairtis) sai rd


"to wish," "to want" IMPERATIVE

Polite: Traga! sing. Tragam! p1.

10. Querer


We You (p1.) They

PRESENT

quero (queres) quer

queremos (quereis) querem

PAST FUTURE quis quererei (quiseste) (querereis) quis quererii

quisenzos quereremos (quisestes) (querereis) quiseram quererao

Familiar (Traze!) sing. (Trazei!) pl.

Que histtoria triste nos A traz hoje?

e viajou por Portugal mas nao me trouxe nada.

'raga par a ca!

What sad story are you bringing us today'?

He traveled through Portugal but he didn't bring me anything.

Bring it here! IMPERATIVE

Familiar: (Quer! Quere!) sing. (Querei!) pl.

Quern permanecer aqui. Nao quiseram

perdoar-nos.

11. Frazer "to bring"

Polite: (Quiera!) sing.

Queiram! pl.

1 want to stay here. They wouldn't (didn't

want to pardon us. We sa(mos sa(mos sairemos You (pl.)

(sac's)

(saistes)

(saireis) They seem sairam


We You (pi.) They

PRESENT trago

(trazes) traz

razemos (trazeis) trazem

PAST

trouxel (troy xeste) trouxe

trouxemos (trouxestes) trouxe ram

FUTURE

trarei (t ra ras)

rani

traremos (trareis) trarao

IMPERATIVE

Familiar: Polite:

(Sal!) sing. Sala! sing. (Sail) p1. Sulam! pl.

Saio agora. I'm leaving now. Ela saiu por aqui. She went out this way.

In these forms x is pronounced like s in see.

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 207 206 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE IMPERATIVE

Polite: Saiba! sing. Saibam! p1.

13. Ver "to see"

PRESENT

vejo You (sing.) (yes) He, she, it ve

We vemos You (pl.)

(vedes)E They veer

PAST

vi (viste) viu

vimos (vistes) viram

FUTURE i'erei

OPerds) rend

vvremos (vereis) verso

(Sabe!) sing. (Sabel!) p1.

Sei que a vida Id estd cara.

Eu soube o segredol onion.

Os senhores saberao o valor mais tarde.

I know that living there is expensive.

I found out (learned) the secret yesterday.

You will know (find out) its value later.

IMPERATIVE

Polite: Veja! sing. Vejam! pl.

He can't see well without his glasses.

But I saw them yesterday!

You'll see that what I say is true.


We You (pl.) They

15. Poder "to be able" Familiar: 04.9 sing. (rede!)' p1.

senhor very que o que dig o é verciade.

PRESENT posso (podes) pode

podemos (podeis) pode ►

PAST FUTURE

pude poderei (pudeste) (poderds) Ode pride rd

pudemos podere 1110

(pudestes) (pock rei s ) puderam poderao

ale a ve bem se m os

Mas eu os vi ontem!

IMPERATIVE

Polite: Possa! sing. Possam! pi.

14. Saber "to know"

PRESENT I sei You (sing.) (sabes) He, she, it sabe

We sabemos You (pi.)

(sabeis) They sabem

PAST

soube (soubeste) soube

soubemos (soubestes) souberam

FUTURE

saberei (Sabercis) saberd

saberemos (sabereis) sabe

Familiar: (Pode!) sing. (Podei!) pl.

Nao pode (shover mais. Poderei escolher o

melhor? Posso liar agora?

It can't rain any more. Will I be able to pick

the best one? Can I connect it (turn it

on now?

Vedet i'edes segredo icp).


LESSON 39

71. wHArs IN A NAME?

s^ssIL (What's In A Name?)

Como se chama ele? What's his name?

tie se chama (chama-se) Joao Confinho. His name is Joao (John) Coutinho.

Como se chama a jovem que esti corn ele? What's the name of the young lady with him?

Ela se chama Maria Campos. (Chama-se Maria Campos.)

Her name is Maria (Mary) Campos.

Como se chama o pai dela? What's her father's name?

pai dela se chama (chama-se) Carlos Campos. His name is Carlos (Charles) Campos.

Mas eu o conheco (conheco-o)! tie é juiz, no e? Why, I know him! He's a judge, isn't he?

E. E voce conhece a sua senhora (a senhora), Dona Ana?

That's right. Do you know his wife, Dona Ana?

Nao conheco, mas (o) Joao Campos deve ser irmao dessa jovem.

I don't know her, but Joao (John) Campos must be that brother.

Vock esti certo. (Tern raizio.) Todos nos the

chamamos Joaozinho. E ela tern outro Irma°, Chico.

That's right. We all call him Joaozinho (Johnny). And she has another brother, Chico.

Ah, sim! Francisco. Of course! Francisco (Francis).

IVIas mais interessante ainda é que (a) Maria tem dual irmis, uma mais veiha e a outra mais nova, e ambas sag) bonitas.

But even more interesting is the fact that Maria has two sisters, one older and one younger than she is, and both of them are pretty.

Nao me dip! Como se chamam? You don't say! What are their names?

mais velha é Isabel Gomes, quer diner, é casada. Cason corn o General Gomes do exercito.

The older one is Isabel Gomes, that is, she is married. She married General Gomes of the army.

0 General Eduardo Gomes? General Eduardo (Edward) Gomes?

Esse memo. That's right.

k meu do. E a irmii mais nova? He's my uncle. How about the younger sister?

(A) Teresinha? E uma bete a. Theresa ("little Theresa")? She's a beauty.

Dip-me mais. Tell me more.

2 1 0 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

Tern one anos. E She's eleven years old. And .

Chega. Vamos tomar um cafezinho. That's enough. Let's go get some coffee.

NOTES

Chamar -se is a reflexive verb, literally "to call oneself."

eu me charm nos nos chamamos

(Cu to charms} (vas vos chamois)

ele se chama des se chamam

See Lesson 15, part 10, and item 6 of section 19 of grammar summary.

Dona and the first name are often used to refer to a married woman. Thus, a senhora Campos, Mrs. Campos, would often be referred to by those who know her as Dona Ana. (In Portugal, a Sra. Ana is used.) Dona can also be used with unmarried and even young ladies.

Jovem refers to a young person, masculine or feminine; modifying words will make the reference clearer: irmao dessa jovem brother of that young girt; irmeio desse jovem brother of that young man.

Voce estd certo. You are right.

Tern ratio. You are right.

Nei° me Riga! ("Don't tell me!") You don't say!

Esse mesmo the same one

E a irma mais nova? And the younger sister?

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 2 l l

LESSON 40

72. PORTUGUESE IN A LIGHTER VEIN

(Portuguese in A Lighter Vein)

UMA PERDA DE POUCA IMPORTANCIA A Minor Loss

—Tenha a bondade de me dar (dar-me) "A Liber- " loo tenho from? Pode trocar esta rota?

—0 senhor me pap (0 senhor gaga) amanha—diz a vendedora.

E se eu morrer esta noite? —Oral A perda n i seria grande.

"Please give me a copy of Liberty. I haven't any change. Can you change this bill?"

"You can pay me tomorrow," says the vendor. "What if I should die tonight?" "Oh, it wouldn't be a great loss."

UIVMA INA° DE ETIQUETA A Lesson in Etiquette

Pedro e Joao vao a um restaurante pars jantar. Ambos pedeni um bite. 0 garcom (6) (empregado 121) os serve (serve-Ilkos). Quando Pedro tiro para si maior bife (bife major), Jog°, zangado, the diz (diz-lhe):

I Notice how Portuguese punctuation in dialogues differs from English: (1) There are no quotation marks and (2) each change of speaker is indicated by a dash (see item 1 of section 4 of grammar summary).

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 21 212

Que maneiras (que) voce tem! of o primeiro a se servir (servir-se) e tirou o maior.

Pedro responder —Se voce estivesse em (no) meu lugar, qual t

tirade? —0 menor (mais pequeno), naturalmente. —Endo, por que se queixa? NI° o tem al?

Peter and John go to a restaurant for dinner. Th both order steak. The waiter serves them. When Peter grabs the bigger steak, John says to him angrily:

"What bad manners you have! You helped you first and you took the bigger piece."

Peter answers: "El you had been in my place, which would you have

taken?" "The smaller one, of course." "Then what are you complaining about? You have

it, don't you?"

NOTES Perda loss. De pouca importancia of little importance. Tenha a bondade. Please. ("Have the kindness."

senhor (me) paga amanki. "You pay (me) tOMOT- row."

E se eu Pnorrer este, noite? And if I die tonight? Morrer is a form of the future subjunctive (sec items 1 and 5 of section 31 of grammar summary).

A perda ndo serif grade. The loss would not be great. Seria is the conditional of the verb ser (see section 33 of grammar summary).

Jantar to have dinner; dinner. Pedem they ask for; from pedir to ask for.

Foi o primeiro a se servir (servir -se) "You were the first in serving himself."

Se voce estivesse em no meu lugar, qua! teria tirado? "If you had been in my place, which would you have taken?" Estivesse is the imperfect subjunctive of ester to be (see item 1, section 31 of grammar summary, and item 3, section 34 of grammar summary). Terra tirado is the perfect conditional of tirar to take (see item 3, section 33 of the grammar summary).

Entao, por que se queixa? Na o o tern al? Then, why do you complain? Don't you have it there?

UM OTIMISTA' An Optimist

chefe duma firma comercial import ►nte, olhando (para) uma formula de pedido de emprego, 2 fica surpreso (surpreendido) ao notar que o candidato ao cargo que (ao notar que o candidato), carecia de experiencia, pede (e pedia) um ordenado excessivo.

Nao acha—perguntou perplexo,—que esti pedindo (esti a pedir um) excessivo ordenado em vista da sua pouca experiencia?

—Pelo contrario—respondeu o pretendente,—um trabalho do qual no se sabe absolutamente nada é mais dificil e deve merecer urn pagamento

The head of an important firm, looking at an application, is astonished on noticing that the applicant for the position, although lacking experience, is asking for an excessive salary.

optimists ®. 2 emprego

2 14 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 215

Rather puzzled, he asks him: "Don't you think you're asking for too high a salary, considering the little experience you have?"

"On the contrary," replies the applicant. "Work which one knows nothing about is more difficult and should be better paid."

NOTES O/hairdo looking; from olhar to look. Facia surpreso (surpreendido) is ("remains") surprised,

astonished. New acha? Don't you think? A char to find, also has

taken on the meaning of to believe, to think. Respondeu and perguntou are past tense forms of res-

ponder and perguntar.

o ESPIRITO PRATICO The Practical Mind

Urn comerciante apareceu urn dia na casa dum fazendeiro (lavrador) e pediu urn quilo de manteiga. fazendeiro (lavrador) respondeu que trocaria esse quilo de manteiga por urn par de meias de IA.

Quando o comerciante contou o fato 1 mulher (1 sua esposa), ela props o seguinte:

—Temos uma colcha de IA; eu a desfaco (desfaco-a) e dela farei urn par de meias.

Assim fez, e o comerciante deu o par de meias e recebeu urn quilo de manteiga. Desde entio, quando o comerciante precisava de manteiga, (a) sua mulher desfazia urn pouco da colcha e tricotava limas meias.

facto ®.

Mas chegou urn dia em que so tinha lay para uma (mica mei& o comerciante a levou (levou-a) ao fazendeiro

vrador), pedindo meio quilo de manteiga. —lido—respondeu o fazendeiro (lavrador)—, dou-

the um quilo. (A) minha mulher desfaz as meias pars ma colcha que esta fazendo (a fazer). So precisa

fiesta meta para acaba-Ia.

A merchant went to the house of a farmer and asked him for a kilogram of butter. The farmer answered that he would exchange it for a pair of woolen socks.

When the merchant told his wife about it, she proposed: "We have a woolen quilt; unravel it and make a pair of socks."

She did so and the merchant gave the pair of socks in exchange for the kilogram of butter. From then on, when the merchant needed butter, his wife unraveled some of the quilt and knitted some socks. But one day she had just enough wool for one sock. The merchant took it to the farmer and asked him for half a kilogram of butter.

"No," said the farmers "I'll give you a kilogram. My wife unravels the socks for a quilt she is making. All she needs is this one sock to finish it."

NOTES

espirit o the spirit, mind. Trocaria he would exchange; from trocar to exchange,

change. Propos she proposed; from proper - to propose, suggest. Desfaco unravel; from desfazer to unravel, undo. Farei make; from fa2er to make, to do.


Levou he took; from levar to take (away, along). Um policy de a little of. Tina she had; from ter to have. Pedindo asking; from pedir to ask (for). DOU give; from dar to give. Acad - la to finish it; a combination of acabar to finish,

and a it, referring to the quilt.

73. IMPORTANT SIGNS

Homers or

Men Cavalheiros

Senhoras or Damas

Women Lavatorio Lavatory Fechado

Closed Aberto

Open proibido fumar No Smoking proibido entrar

No Admittance Bata

Knock Toque a campainha

Ring Alto!

Stop! Curva

Curve Pare!

Stop! Siga!

Go! Cuidado! Atencdo!

Look Out! Attention! Perigo!

Danger! Devagar!

Slow! Desvio Detour Cautela!

Caution! Conserve a sua Keep to the Right. Siga pela direita

Keep to the Right Poste Bridge

proibido estacionar No Parking

Vestiario Cambio Informacoes Sala de espera

proibido debrucar-se

Vagdo Ferrovia Expresso or Rdpido Parada Paragem

proibido colocar or pregar or afixar (x =ks) cartazes

Ern consertol Caixa =sh) Entrada Saida Quartos mobiliados

(mobilados) Apartamentos Tinta fresca Encruzilhada Acougue Padaria Leiferia A Ifaiataria Sapataria Barbearia Emporia Mercearia Farmacia Confeitaria Papelaria

consent o 40.

Check Room (Money) Exchange Information Waiting Room Don't Lean Out (of the

window) Freight Car Railroad Express Stop (bus, streetcar, etc.) Post No Bills

Under Repair Cashier Entrance Exit Furnished Rooms

Apartments Wet Paint Crossroads Butcher Shop Bakery Dairy Tailor's Shop Shoe Store Barbershop Grocery Store Pharmacy Confectionery Stationery Store

Caixa postal Cafe e Bar Delegacia de policia Post° policial

(esquadra Vinhos Pest& de gasolina Livraria Prefeitura (Camara

,Municipal C)) (Agua) Fria (A gua) Quente

Letter Box Tavern, Bar Police Station Police Station

Wines Gas Station Bookstore City Hall

Cold (water) Hot (water)

QUIZ 38

1. Entrada 2. Desvio 3. Devagar! 4. Fechado 5. Aberto 6. Eproibido fumar 7. Expresso

prothido estacionar 9. Saida

10. Pare!

1. No Smoking 2. Express 3. No Parking 4. Open 5. Exit 6. Stop! 7. Detour 8. Entrance 9. Closed

10. Slow!


FINAL QUIZ

When you get 100% on this Quiz you can consider that you have mastered the course.

ANSWERS

1-8; 2-7; 3-10; 4 9; 5-4; 6-1; 7-2; 8— 9-5; 10-6.

I. Facia o favor de (tell me) onde e a estaceto. a. digs-me b. me dizer (dizer-me) c. me trazer (trazer-me)

(can) o senhor me dizer (dizer-me) onde correio? a. pode b. tern c. custa

3. Onde is there) um born restaurante? a. faz b. hd c. hoe

(bring me) um pouco de ptio. a. conhece-la I. servi-lo c. traga-me

(I need) presto. a. preciso de b. tern c. ninguem

6. (I would like) um pouco mars de came.

a. traga-me b. preciso de c. gostaria de Posto (r).


7. Vou to introduce you a meu amigo. a. apresenta-k b. o prazer c. ve-k

14. Que dia da (week) a hoje? a. semana b. rues c. ano

8. Onde is o livro? Que (time) sdo?

a. es td a. horas b. es b. agora c. este c. tempo

16. Ndo (I have) cigarros. a. tempo b. tenho c. ter

17. senhor (don't want) carne? a. ndo fa b. Mo compra c, neto quer

18. (Please) de escrever o nome aqui. a. comprar b. faca o favor c. por certo

19. (There were) muitos livros na livraria. a. hti b. ha-via c. Id

20. (I prefer) esta. a. prefiro b. prefere c. prefira

9. Tenha (the goodness) de falar mais devagar. a. a bondade b. o favor c. o prazer

10. (we speak) portugues. a. falam b. ficamos c. falamos

11. (Go) 1d. a. vd b. fate c. venho

12. (Come) cci. a. venha b. comigo c. vamos

13. or se (call) o senhor? a. charuto b. charm c. chover

•


21. Varras to have dinner). a. jantar b. almocar C. mostrar

22. sew (2:15). a. duas e meia b. duas e quire c. duas e cinco

23. Venha (tomorrow morning). a. onlem pea manhav b. amanhel pea manho c. amanha ao meio-dia

24. Em que (can I) servi-lo? a. pole b. champ C. posso

25. Nilo (has) imporilincia. a. tenha b. to e. houve

ANSWERS I b.; 2 a.; 3 b.; 4 c.; 5 a.; c.; 7 a.; 8 a.; 9 a.; 10 c.; 11 a.; 12 a.; 13 b.; 14 a.; 15 a.; 16 b.; 17 c.; 18 b.; 19 b.; 20 a.; 21 a.; 22 b.; 23 b.; 24 C.; 25 b.


SUMMARY OF PORTUGUESE GRAMMAR

1. THE ALPHABET

Name Letter Name Letter Name

a r erre be j

jots esse ce 1

ele to de m eme ri

II ene ve

efe xis ge p

Pe ze

aga q Tie

2. PRONUNCIATION

SIMPLE VOWELS 1

a (1) in a stressed position it is "open" as in ah or father.

(2) in unstressed positions and in the case of the article a and its plural as ("the") it tends to be more "closed" like the final a in America (this is particularly true in Portugal and in general with untressed final a).

e (1) "open" as in best; a has this sound. (2)"closed" somewhat between the sound of a in

case and e in fez; e has this sound; so does nasal e.

tter

I Also see Lessons I and 3 of Conversation Manual.


(3) variations occur in different areas: el similar sound with open e. 1 a. in a final unstressed position: in Brazil it eu ey of they plus u of /we

varies between the sound of i in did and eu similar but with open e the i in machine; in Portugal it is often

clipped sharply, being like a mute e, or is ya in yard

it is dropped. i e in yes. b. stressed e before j, ch, ih, nh, in Portugal ie similar but with close e

can have the sound of final a in America, to yo in yoke. or of closed e.

c. in an unstressed position it is sometimes iu e plus u of lute.

pronounced as e in be, in parts of Brazil, 01 oy in boy.

as mute e in Portugal, or as i in did in 6i similar but with open 0. both.

ou ou in soul. as i in machine.

us wah, as ua inquadrangle. o (1) "open" as o in 0ff,. 6 has this sound. ue we in wet. (2) "closed" as in rose; 6 has this sound and so

does nasal 0. ul we (if main stress is on u, however, like u of (3) in an unstressed position and in the case of lute plus e).

the definite article o, os ("the") it is also pro- no w in woe, or as uo, nounced like oo in boot; this is heard quite regularly in Portugal, but less consistently in CONSONANTS2 Brazil.

Those consonants not mentioned are approxi- u approximates u in rule. mately like English.

c before a, o, and u, and before another consonant like c in cut.

au ou in out.

VOWEL COMBINATIONS' before e and i like c in center.

ai ai in aisle, di this combination as ch in machine.

ei ey in they. 1 The sound indicated in ei may also be given in the case

of ei in some cases. This is also true of other members of the pairs given.

1 Adso see Lesson 4. 2 Also see Lessons 1, 2, 3.


as c in dog; it is pronounced forcefully in Rio de Janeiro and with some speakers (especially before e or 0 it approximates the j in just.

before e and i is somewhat like s in measure. otherwise like g in go.

is not pronounced.

is like g before e and i (see above). is formed with the tongue forward, the tip near the upper teeth.

in final position is quite soft.

this combination is like in million. in initial position in a word or syllable is like English m; in final position in a syllable or word it tends to nasalize the preceding vowel; this nasal quality is especially strong in Bra- zil, but it may be slight or even absent in Continental Portuguese. (Lips should not be closed in pronouncing m at the end of a word.) 1

n in initial position is like English n; in final position as for in, above.'

nh as ni in onion, qu before a or o is like qu in quota. qu before e or i is usually like k, r is pronounced by tapping the tip of the

tongue against the gum ridge back of the upper teeth; initial r and rr are trilled with the tongue vibrating in this position; this

Also see Lesson 4.

pronunciation is heard in Portugal and in Sao Paulo. In Rio de Janeiro and in some other parts of Brazil r is pronounced back in the mouth (similar to a French back r).

s between vowels is z, as s in rose,

before a voiced consonant (a consonant sound produced with a vibration of the cords, as b, c ge, gi,,j, 1, m, n, r, v, z) tends to be as z in azure.

before a voiceless consonant (a consonant sound produced without a vibration of the vocal cords, as hard c and hard g„ p, qu, t), and final s are pronounced as s in see in Sao Paulo and by some cariocas, and as sh in shine in Portugal and by some cariocas.

in initial position, or after a consonant, as s in see.

ss as ss in passage.

is much like English t; before e or i it is pronounced very forcefully by some cariocas, being palatalized and approximating the ch in church.

like z in some words: exame; like sh in some words: caixa, like s in see in some words: maxim); like x in wax in some words: taxi.

is generally like z in zeal; however, in final position or before a voiceless consonant s is also heard in Brazil, sh is the common pronunciation in Portugal and is also used by some cariocas; before a voiced consonant it is like z in azure in Portugal and with some cariocas.

g

g h

j

1

lh

m

IM■


3. STRESS

1. Words ending in a, e, or o or in one of these vowels and s, m, or ris) are stressed on the next to the last syllable:

casa house

2. Words ending in any letter, in a nasal vowel or diphthong (two vowels pronounced in union) are stressed on the last syllable:

papel paper manila morning descansei

I rested

3. Words not following the above rules have a written accent mark which indicates the stressed syllable:

cafe coffee

4. PUNCTUATION

In general, Portuguese punctuation is similar to English. Some differences are

I. The dash is used in dialogues to indicate the words of the speakers:

—Como yeti o senhor? —Muito berm, obrigado.

2. Capitals are not used as frequently as in English. They are not used with adjectives of nationality, the days of the week and the months (except that in Portugal the months and the seasons are capitalized), nor is the pronoun eu ("I") capitalized:


Eles1 sdo russos. They are Russians. Ela chegard na quinta. She will arrive on

Thursday. Comprei o tapete 2 em I bought the carpet in

setembro September. (Setembro (p)).

3. Suspension points ( ) are used more frequently than in English to indicate interruption, etc.

4. Notice the variance from English in the use of the decimal point:

3.000.000 de hablates 3,000,000 inhabitants 5.289 metros 5,289 meters Cr$ 8.300,00 8,300 cruzeiros 1.80000 1,800 escudos (Portugal)

5. SOME ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS

1. The tilde Oil) (") over a vowel indicates a nasal sound:

posiccio position

2. The dieresis (trema) (1 is used in Brazil but not in Portugal in modem spelling over the letter u when it occurs after q or g and before e or i and is pronounced:

eloquente eloquent (eloquente ce9

I des, ele (?). 2 rapete


3. The cedilla (ceditha) is used with c (g) when it is pronounced s before a, o, or u:

pedago piece, bit

4. Written accent marks are used to indicate the stressed syllable in words not following the regular rules (see GS3). 1 They also help distinguish between words spelled alike but with different meanings and between different forms of the same verb:

par to put por for, by pode he was able, could pode he is able, can

If one of the words is a form of the verb, often the first singular of the present indicative, it usually has an open vowel in the stem and the other word, often a noun, a closed vowel; Brazil uses

does not an accent mark on the second form, but Portugal

gosto I like Oslo (gosto a taste The circumflex accent (acento circunflexo) (') is used over stressed closed e and o; the acute accent (scent ° agudo) (') is used over stressed open

e, and o:

port it stops pars for, to avo grandfather avt3 grandmother celebre famous fe faith

The acute accent is used over stressed i or u which do not combine with the preceding vowel:

pais country pals parents satide health saida departure

The grave accent (went° grave) C) replaces the acute accent in longer derived forms:

café coffee cafezinho small cup of coffee (usually black)

The grave accent indicates a combination of a and a word beginning with a (demonstratives, as aquele, 1 etc.) or with the definite article a:

aqueles to those a to the

6. SYLLABLE DIVISION

1. A single consonant goes with the following vowel:

a-fi -nal

finally

2. Two consonants usually split:

in-ter-rorn-per to interrupt

a. ch, ih, nh do not split:

bor-ra-cha o-re-lha so-nhar

3. Two vowels are split:

ca-Er vo-ar

rubber, eraser ear to dream

which are pronounced separately

widow to fall to fly

11 Refers to section 3 of the grammar summary. aquele


7. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE


d. with expressions of time:

232

PLURAL

os as -

Masculine Feminine

A

o menino a menina

Os meninos as meninas

SINGULAR

a

SINGULAR

the boy the girl

PLURAL

the boys the girls

a semana passada last week

lss duos horns at two o'clock

e. with days of the week:

na segunda -feira on Monday

f. with the seasons:

a primavera spring ( Primavera IT))

g. with the names of most countries (but not with Portugal) and with other geographical names:

1. The definite article is also used:

a. with abstract nouns: A verdade vale mais Truth is worth

que o dinheiro. more than money. b. with nouns used in a general sense:

mu/her brasileira

Brazilian women dress veste -se) bem. well.

As mu/hexes americanas American women dress vesiem (-se) berry. well,

0 oleo e muito til

Oil is very useful. c. with the names of languages (except when

immediately after falar, de, or em; the article is often not used with languages in some situations):

portugues e foal Portuguese is easy. Falo rugs, I speak English. Tenho urn livro de I have a Spanish book.

espanhol.

o Brasil

Brazil a Itailia Italy

a Africa Africa

h. with first names at times:

o Carlos Charles

i. with titles or other words modifying a proper noun:

tie jantou corn o He dined with professor Silva. Professor Silva. senhor Ramos nao Mr. Ramos is not home. estil em casa.

j. with possessive pronouns and adjectives (Brazil uses the article less with possessive adjectives than does Portugal):

This is not my handkerchief; it's yours.

I este (D.

Este' nao e (o) meu lenco; e o seu.

a±o==ao a±a=c)

em+o=no em+a—na

do menino

da menina

ao menino

menina

no lago

na piitria

em os = nos em+ as= nas

dos meninos

das meninas

aos meninos

as meninas

nos lagos

nas pa is

a + os=aos to the a-f-as=cis

in the, on the

of the boy, of the boys

of the girls, of the girls

to the boy, to the boys

to the girl, to the girls

in on the lake, in the lakes

in the fatherland, in the fatherlands


k. with parts of the body and articles of clothing instead of the possessive form:

0 menino lavou The boy washed his as milos. hands.

Ela perdeu as luvas. She lost her gloves.

8. THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE

SINGULAR

PLURAL

Masculine um uns Feminine urna umas

SINGULAR

urn homem a man urna ruler a woman

PLURAL

uns homens some (a few) men umas mulheres some (a few) women

I. The indefinite article is omitted: a. before a noun of occupation, nationality, etc.,

coming after the verb, especially if the noun is not modified:

tie e capitiio. He is a captain. Ela e aluna. She is a student.

b. before cern a hundred, and mii a thousand: cern entrevistas a hundred interviews mil esperancas a thousand hopes

c, in certain expressions:

saiu sem chap u. He left without a hat.


9. CONTRACTIONS

1. de + o = do de + os = dos of the, from the de+a=da de-Fas=das

2. Contractions of de and em with the indefinite article (urn and its other forms) are optional, both contracted and noncontracted forms being used:

de urn artigo or of an article dum artigo

de urea drvore or of a tree duma tirvore

em umas aldeias or in some villages

numas aldelas


De and em combine with the demonstrative forms (see GS25):

daquela of that one naquele in that one

3. The preposition a combines with the initial a of demonstratives aquekl etc. and with the definite article a:

tiquela to that one baja to the bay

M. DAYS OF THE WEEK

I. The days of the week are not capitalized. Satur- day and Sunday are masculine; the other days are feminine. The article is generally used except after ser:

11. THE NAMES OF THE MONTHS

The names of the months are masculine and usually are not capitalized in Brazil (but they are in Portugal: Janeiro, etc.). They are usually used without the definite article:

Janeiro January

fevereiro February

marco March

abril

April maio

May junho June

julho July

agasto pigosto (E) August setembro September

outubro

October novembro November

dezembro December

12. THE NAMES OF THE SEASONS

a primavera spring o verso summer o outono autumn o inverno winter

The names of the seasons are usually not capitalized in Brazil (but they are in Portugal). They are usually used with the definite article:

Ninguem vat Id no Nobody goes there in inverno. (Inverno 129 (the) winter.

segunda-feira or segunda Monday terra-feria or terval

Tuesday quarta-feira or quanta Wednesday quinta-feira or quinta Thursday sexta-feira or seta Friday sdbado Saturday doming° Sunday Vou ve-bo na segunda. I am going to see him

Monday. Hoje terva. Today is Tuesday.

2. "On Monday," 'on Mondays," etc.: na segundafeira on Monday nas segundasfeiras on Mondays

1 aquele (p). tercaleira, feria ICE).


13. MASCULINE AND FEMININE

Nouns referring to males are masculine; nouns referring to females are feminine:

o pai

the father a mete the mother o filho the son a filha the daughter o homem the man a mulher the woman o ledo the lion a leoa the lioness

The masculine plural of certain nouns can include both genders:

Os pais the parents, the father and mother

os irmtios the brothers, the brother and sister, the brothers and sisters

MASCULINE NOUNS

I. Nouns ending in diphthongs (vowel combinations pronounced together), m (but not em), s and o are usually masculine:

o grau the degree o elogio the praise o dom the gift o lapis the pencil urn abraco an embrace, hug

2. Names of months, seas, rivers, mountains, letters of the alphabet are generally masculine:


239

FEMININE NOUNS

Nouns ending in a, ie, em, ade, ede, and ice are usually feminine:

a bOcal

the mouth a ordem the order a amizade friendship

a payee the wall a velhice old age

Common exceptions:

o homem the man

a good number of words ending in a, especially ma, are masculine:

o drama the drama o clima the climate o dia the day o rnapa the map

o idioma the language

2. Names of cities, towns, islands, and continents are usually feminine:

a Lisboa Lisbon a Sicilia Sicily a America America

Some exceptions:

o Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Sao Paulo Sao Paulo o Porto (Porto (p)) Porto

Janeiro 6 o primeiro me.

o Atlantico o Amazonas o

January is the first month.

the Atlantic the Amazon (River) the "d" 1 boa

one act the apple the law

dot's atosl as macds as leis

two acts the apples the laws


14. THE PLURAL

1. Nouns ending in a vowel, including nasal vowels, or in a diphthong, usually add s to form the plural:

um awl a maga a lei

2. Feminine words ending in do usually end in oes in the plural:

a ambicdo ambition as ambicaes ambitions

3. Masculine words ending in do usually end in Oes in the plural:

o cart& card cos carves cards However, some end in /los or des:

o cidaddo the citizen os cidadlos the citizens o demi° the German Os alemcles the

Germans

4. Words ending in r or z add es:

the sea Os mares the seas the light as fuzes the lights

ending in al, el, and oi, drop the I and add

the animal os animais the animals the paper os papeis the papers


6. Words ending in stressed ii change / to s for the plural:

civil civis civil

Words ending in unstressed it change to eis in the plural:

fcicil _Maris easy

7. Words ending in s and stressed on the last syllable add es in the plural:

pais country Amuses countries

Words ending in s and not stressed on the last syllable have the same form in the plural:

o lapis the pencil os lcipis the pencils

15. THE POSSESSIVE

I. English -'s or -s' is translated by de "of":

o neio de Dona Maria Dona Maria's grandson

2. Possessive adjectives and pronouns agree in number and gender with the object possessed; the adjective usually comes before the word it modifies :

meu livro my book meus livros my books minha sobrinha my niece minas sobrinhas my nieces

o mar a luz

5. Words is:

o animal o papel

15, section 32, parts 3-4.

3. In conversation seu tends to refer to the person spoken to and thus translates "your." However, 1 actoo actos (D.

Note: see Conversation Manual Lessons 14 and


seu can also be used to translate "his," "her," "their." For greater clarity the prepositional form with de may be used

Des falaram de seu amigo. They spoke of your (his, her, their) friend.

Pies falaram do amigo &de; do amigo del a,- do amigo (Mies.

They spoke of his friend; of her friend; of their friend.

16. ADJECTIVES

1. Singular and plural

SINGULAR

um menino alto a tall boy um a menina alta a tall girl


c. no change if masculine form ends in e:

MASCULINE FEMININE

contente happy, content contente

Common exceptions:

estet this esta aquele 2 that aqueia

d. i for do of the masculine form:

MASCULINE

FEMININE

alemdo

German alemd crisido Christian crista

Common exception: augmentatives (see GS23), in which ona replaces do:

bonito° handsome, bonitona pretty

e. Adjectives ending in a consonant tend to have the same form for the masculine and the feminine:

does meninos altos dua.s meninas altos

PLURAL

two tall boys two tall girls

Notice that the adjective agrees with the noun it modifies in gender and number.

2. Feminine endings

a. a for o of the masculine form:

MASCULINE

eapa: capable corn urn common formiddvel

formidable simples simple

Examples:

Ela nab é capaz de faze-lo. She is not able to do it.

A licao e muito simples. The lesson is quite simple.

MASCULINE FEmirsaNE

antigo old, ancient anliga rico rich rica baixo short, low baixa

b. masculine form ends in u, feminine, in a:

FEMININE

capaz cornUrn formative/ simples

MASCULINE

nu mau

nude, bare bad

FEMININE

nua and

este 0 2 aquele (D.


Common exceptions: adjectives of nationality, a usually being add to the masculine form:

Frances

French

francesa portugues Portuguese portuguesal

a is added to some adjectives ending in r:

kit& reader leitora diretor 2

director

direiora 2 orador speaker, orator oradora

3. Santo is used before names beginning with a vowel and before Tomds and Gral, and Sao used before most other names; Santa is us before feminine names:

Santo Antonio 3 o Santo Graf

Silo Paulo Sao Francisco

Santa Barbara

Saint Anthony the Holy Grail

Saint Paul Saint Francis

Saint Barbara

17. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES

1. Descriptive adjectives (which tend to distinguish persons or things from others of the same type or class) and adjectives of nationality usually come after the noun they modify:

uma casa brans a white house

uma anedota engracada a funny anecdote, joke urn bairn o residencial a residential district,

suburb romances contemporaneos contemporary novels

2. Adjectives which indicate a characteristic quality of the type or class usually precede the noun:

o poderoso ditador the powerful dictator a verde grama the green grass

3. Limiting adjectives, such as the demonstrative adjectives, possessive adjectives, numerals, and adjectives of quantity usually precede the noun they modify:

este conselho nossa conversa a primeira decislio dez dedos muitas lutas

this advice our conversation the first decision ten fingers many struggles

4. Some adjectives have a different meaning according to their position; after the noun modified they have their literal (usual) meaning, and before the noun they have a figurative (extended meaning):

um homer pobre a poor (financially) man urn pobre homem a poor (to be pitied) man

presences caros expensive gifts meu taro amigo my dear friend

a cidade todal all the city

soda cidade every city

iportuguesa ®. 2 director, directora 3 Antonio toda

18. COMPARISON

1. Regular comparison

filed - easy mais facil menos fad!

o mais fdcil o menos it

2. Irregular comparison

easier less easy

the easier, the easiest the less easy, the least

easy

born good ma u bad ruin bad muito much pouco little grande big, large

pequeno small

bem well mai

badly

Este livro e born mas o outro e melhor.

3. "More (less) .. than . ." =mais (menos) , que

0 portugues a mais fewil Portuguese is easier than que o ingles. English.

tie a mais inteligente He is more intelligent do que parece. than he looks.

melhor pior pior mais menos major

menor

meteor pior

better, best worse, worst worse, worst more, most less, least bigger,

biggest smaller,

smallest better, best worse, worst

This book is good but the other is better.


247

4. "As . . as . ." =too quanto

a. before an adjective or adverb:

Tao Au? quanto . As easy as .. Eta fala portugues too speaks Portuguese

bem quanto ele. as well as he does.

b. before a noun the proper form of am° is used:

Este teatro no tern This theatre does not

tantas entradw have as many

quanto aquele. entrances as that one.

5. Before numerals mais de and menos de are used:

ties team mais de They have more than duzentas vacas. two hundred cows.

6. An adjective may be qualified as to degree with a modifying word:

Ela estil cansada. She is tired. a estei muito cansada. She is very tired.

The meaning "very" is also given by adding the proper form of issimo to a word (this cannot always be done):

Ela es td cansadissima. She is very tired. Estamos cansadissimos. We are very tired.

19. PRONOUNS

Pronouns have varying forms depending on whether they are

1. the subject of a verb 2. used after a preposition 3. the object of a verb 4. used as indirect objects 5. used with reflexive verbs 6. used to join parts of a sentence (relative

pronouns)

1. Pronouns as the subject of a verb: r

SINGULAR

I (you) (familiar) he she you (masc., polite) you (fem., polite) you (friendly)

eu

lei ela o senhor a senhora voce

PLURAL

we (you) they (masc.) they (fem.) you (masc., polite) you (fem., polite) you (friendly)

nOs (v6s) 2

elas os senhores as senhoras voces

I de, des 0. In general, these and other variants previously cited will not be repeated.

2 Rarely used. See Lesson 8, section I I.


249

eu falo (tu falas) ele fala ela fala o senhor fala a senhora fala voce fala

nos falamos (vos falais) 'Res falam elas falam Os senhores falam as senhoras falam voces falam

para (para ti) para ele para ela para o senhor para a senhora para voce

para nos (para vos) para tiles para elas para as senhores para as senhoras para voces

I speak (you speak) (familiar) he speaks she speaks you speak (max., polite) you speak (fem., polite) you speak (friendly)

PLURAL

we speak (you speak) they speak (masc.) they speak (fem.) you speak (max., polite) you speak (fem., polite) you speak (friendly)

for me (for you) (familiar) for him for her for you (masc., polite) for you (fem., polite) for you (friendly)

for us (for you) for them (masc.) for them (fem.) for you (masc., polite) for you (hem., polite) for you (friendly)

INSINGULAR

2. Pronouns used after prepositions:


Notice that the form of the pronoun used after a preposition is the same as the form of the pronoun used before a verb as subject, except for mim "me" and 0i) "you" (familiar).

There is a special form for "with me," comigo "with us," conosco, for "with you" (familiar: contigo) and for "with you, with him, with her," etc., consigo, although the latter form is not used frequently, corn o senhor, corn ele, etc. being preferred.

3. Pronouns used as direct objects:

me me (re)

(you) (familiar) 0

him a

her you (masc., polite and

friendly) a you (fern., polite and

friendly)

nos us (vos)

(you) Os them (masc.) as them Vern.) as you (max., polite and

friendly) as you (fem., polite and

friendly)

Note that the subject pronouns nos and v6s and the forms used after prepositions have the accent mark, that the direct and indirect object pronouns which correspond do not have the accent mark and are pronounced differently.

Inasmuch as le and lhes can have several meanings, a prepositional form can be used for clarity:

Eu the mandei urea I sent him or her, you) carta. a letter.

Eu mandei a ea uma I sent her a letter. cartel.

5. Reflexive pronouns:

Reflexive pronouns are used with reflexive verbs to indicate an action the subject performs upon itself:

the

nos (vos) lhes

to him, her, you (polite and friendly)

to us (to you) to them (masc. and fern.)

to you (polite and friendly)

me (te) se

nos (vos) se

myself (yourself) (familiar) himself, herself, yourself

(polite and friendly)

ourselves (yourselves) themselves, yourselves

(polite and friendly)

4, Pronouns as indirect objects:

me to me

(te)

(to you) (familiar)


For more information and examples, see Lesson 15, section 32, part 10.

6. Relative pronouns:

Relative pronouns are used more in Portuguese than in English, for they are normally required, even in cases where English usage is optional (see first example below). Que is by far the most common form used for "that," "which," and even for "who," and "whom," although quern may be used for the last two. Both these forms are invari- able, not changing for gender or number:


c. to avoid beginning a sentence with an object pronoun:

Abracei-o. I embraced him.

Note: In popular speech Brazilians will at times put the pronoun before the verb in these cases.

2. Object pronouns may come before or after the verb:

a. if the sentence begins with a pronoun or noun subject:

Ele me perdoou. He pardoned me. Ele perdoou-me. He pardoned me.

b. with infinitives:

Ela veio pars me She came to tell me dizer a verdade. the truth.

Eta veto pars dizer-me She came to tell me verdade. the truth.

Ufa disse que viria mais tarde.

Lie no é o homem que (quern) me falou on tern.

She said (that) she would come later.

He is not the man who spoke to me yesterday.

20. POSITION OF PRONOUNS

The position of object pronouns is not a fixed one, and variations will be noted in different areas. The following are given as a general guide.

1. Object pronouns usually follow the verb and are attached to the verb with a hyphen:

a. in commands:

Prometa-me isso. Promise me that.

b. with a present participle:

oferecendo-nos mais offering us more

In these cases, Brazil tends to prefer the position BEFORE the verb, and Portugal AFTER the verb.

Note that if a direct object pronoun follows an infinitive the r of the infinitive is dropped and I is prefixed to the object pronoun:

Vou comprid-lo. I am going to buy it.

3. In negative sentences and negative commands, the object pronouns precede the verb; in most other cases they tend to come before the verb:

Ndo o traduzimos. We did not translate it.

Niio me escreva mais. ties decidiraffi que nos

mandariam a dinheiro.

Onde o vimos?

Don't write me any more. They decided that they

would send us the • money.

Where did we see him?

254 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE _ 255

4. If two object pronouns, one direct and the other indirect, are used as objects of the same verb the indirect comes before the direct object. This would cause the following contractions:

me + o, a, os, as =mo, ma, mos., mas (te + a, a, os, as = to, ta, tos, tas) the +o, a, os, as =Pio, lha„ Mos, lhas

nos + o, as, as = no-lo, no-la, no-los, no-las (vos ±o, as, as =vo-lo, vo-la, vo-los, vo-las) (hes +0, os, as =lho, Ma, lhos, lhas

Note: These contractions are usually avoided:

a. By using the prepositional form for the indirect object:

Eu iho del. I gave it to him. Eu o dei a ele. I gave it to him.

b. In conversation, especially in Brazil, by sometimes omitting the direct object pronoun:

Eu the dee. I gave (it) to him. Eu del a Re. I gave it to him.

5. If a direct object pronoun comes after a verb form ending in r, s, or z, this last letter is dropped and I is prefixed to the direct object form:

fe-lo. He did it. (The verb is fezi fromfazer.)

Ela vai compel-1os. She is going to buy them. (The verb is comprar and the pronoun is os.)

Note: In conversation these combinations, except after an infinitive, are avoided:

ofez. He did it.

If a direct object pronoun comes after a verb form which ends in a nasal sound (a vowel plus m), n is prefixed to the object pronoun:

Liles abandon. aram-no. They abandoned him.

Note: These combinations are also avoided in conversation:

a. by placing the pronoun before the verb:

ties o abandonaram. They abandoned him.

b. by omitting the pronoun, if the meaning is clear (reference just having been made to the object, for example):

Pies abandonaram. They abandoned (him).

although as soon as until as, since as so, so that after and although as soon as but or so that, in order that because when if as, according to

4-1

22. QUESTION WORDS

I. Que.71 or 0 que71 Que e que ?

Que disse eh.? Que e que ele disse? 2. Por que .n Por que ela ntio chegou

antes das rove?

3. Como? Como se diz em

portugues?

4. Quanto? Quanto dinheiro temos?

Quantal irmas Joao tern?

5. Qual? Quaffs? Qual eo seu? Quais silo os seus?

6. Quern? Quern veio corn ela?

7. Onde? Onde esido os livros?

"What?" (with normal word order) What did he say?

" " Why? Why didn't she arrive

before nine?

"How?" How do you say it in

Portuguese?

"How much?" How much money do we

have? How many sisters does

John have?

"Which?" "What?" Which one is yours? Which ones are yours?

Who?" Who came with her?

"Where?" Where are the books?

8. Quando?

"When?" Quando aconteceu?

When did it happen?

CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 257 256 'CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

2L SOME CONJUNCTIONS

ainda que assim que ate que cony; conforme de maneira que depois que e embora logo que mas ou pars que porque quando se segundo

1. e "and"

tie e alto e magro. He is tall and thin.

2. mas "but"

Quero it mas nclo posso. I want to go but I can't.

3. ou "but"

Mais ou menos. More or less. Cinco ou seas &Mares. Five or six dollars.

4. porque "because"

Gosto dek porque e I like him because he is mull° simpdtico. very nice.

I When alone, or in an emphatic position, as at the end of a sentence, these forms have an accent mark.

hoje ontem amanha cedo tare muitas vezes 1 sempre nunca depois antes depressa devagar imediatamente rara rnente agora

today yesterday tomorrow early late often always never afterward before, formerly quickly slowly immediately seldom, rarely now

Other words which act similarly: arras "behind"; vezes (D.


23. ADVERBS

1. Some Portuguese adverbs are formed by adding mente to the feminine singular form of the adjective; this corresponds to the English ending "Iy"..

exclusivamente exclusively

If there are two or more adverbs with this same ending, menle is given only with the last one:

ciara e concisarrente clearly and concisely

Adverbs are generally compared like adjectives (see GS 18).

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE


259

debaixo "under"; !one "far"; mais "more"; menos "less"; perto "near."

When que is added to some of these they act as conjunctions:

Depois que tiles After they arrive we'll chegaremfaktremo& talk.

4. Adverbs of time:

claramente

mais claramente

clearly

more clearly

3. Adverbs and prepositions.

Many adverbs become prepositions added:

ADVERB PREPOSITION

when de

depois afterward antes formerly

depois de after antes de before

is 5. Adverbs of place:

aqui cd ai ali

here here (motion) there there (farther away)

2. Irregular comparatives:

ben well me/or

better, best mal

badly pior worse, worst muito much mais more, most pouco little menos

less, least


id (=id) adiante atrds dentro fora debaixo (x =sh) perto longe abaixo (x =sh) aci ma

6. Adverbs of quantity:

muito poise° mais menos quanto tdo undo demais, muito sO, sOmente apenas quase bastante

SIM

tambim verdadeiramente certamente clam pois nab!

there (more remote) forward, ahead behind inside outside below, down near far below, under above

very, much little more less how much so so much too much only only almost enough

yes also truly truly, certainly certainly, of course certainly, of course

8. Adverbs expressing negation:

ncio fluting jei aincia nao nem nem nem

no, not never no longer, not now not yet nor neither . nor

"Here" and "there":

Aqui "here" refers to something near the speaker.

Al "there" refers to something near the person spoken to.

Cd "here" expresses motion toward the speaker.

Ali "there" refers to something away from the speaker and from the person spoken to.

Lci (acolci) "there" refers to something more remote.

See CM section 31, Lessons 13 and 14, for examples.

24. DIMINUTIVES AND AUGMENTATIVES

1. Certain endings, such as inho, ote, ete, and ilho imply smallness, daintiness, or even affection:

UM pouco a little um pouquinho a little bit

gat° cat gatinha kitten

. Adverbs expressing affirmation:

sabdo sabonete

velho velhinho

avo avozinho

two avozinha

redo cedinho

soap a cake of toilet soap

old man little old man

grandfather (dear) grandfather

grandmother (dear) grandmother

soon quite soon


2. Certain endings, such as do, arra°, and aco, indi cate large size, but they can also be uncompli- mentary, indicating clumsiness, etc.:

gat cat gatelo, big cat gatarrdo

homem man homenzarrdo very large man casa house casardo large house,

mansion drama drama, dramallido melodrama

play mulher woman mulheraca big woman mulher woman mulherona big woman

3. NOTE: Although one should notice the difference in meaning given by these endings, he should be careful in using them and be sure he knows the form and meaning before employing words with these endings.


25. DEMONSTRATIVES

1. Demonstrative adjectives:

MASCULINE'

FEMININE

este esta this esse essa that aquae aquela that (farther

removed) estes estas these esses essas those aqueles aquelas those (farther

removed)

a. Portuguese demonstrative adjectives usually precede the nouns they modify and agree with them in gender and number:

este merino this boy aqueles vizinhos those neighbors

b. Esse and aqui& both mean "that." Esse refers to something near to or related to the person spoken to; acre* refers to something more remote:

No° gosto desse livro.

aquele senhor que chegou ors term.

I don't like that books (near you or mentioned by you).

He's that gentleman who arrived yesterday.

2. Demonstrative pronouns:

a. The same forms are also used as demonstrative pronouns:

These masculine forms and their contracted forms do not have an accent mark in Portugal: este, deste, etc.

todos tal (tams pl.) outro alguem ringer alguma (visa nenhum algum vcirios

coda nada

tudo Canto cerio mais menos qualquer os demais

all such (a) another, other somebody, someone nobody, no one something no one, none some several, some 4

nothing each, every all, everything as much certain, a certain more less any, whatever, whoever the rest


Ndo quero este sem I don't want this one aquele. without that one. b. Este and aquele also mean "the latter" and

"the former":

ca am de chegar o The ambassador and his embaixador (x =sh) e secretary just arrived. (o) seu secretcirio.

Este e jovem e aquele The former is old and e velho. the latter is young.

Notice that the order in Portuguese is the opposite of the English order: este . aquek ("the latter ... the former").

c. There are also some neuter forms: isto this, this (one) isso that, that (one) (near

person spoken to, or mentioned by him)

aquilo that, that (one) (farther removed)

The neuter forms are more general, referring to an idea or statement, or in referring to an object or several items thinking of them in a general way, more as "this" than "this one" or "these":

1st° e meihor que This is better than that. or do que) aquilo.

b. with the preposition de:

deste diestes desta destas disto (Jesse asses dessa dessas disso daquele daqueles daquela daquelas daquilo

c. with the preposition em:

neste nestes nesta nestas nisto nesse nesses nessa nessas nisso naque!e naqueles naquela naquelas naquilo

26. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

3. Contractions of demonstrative forms:

a. with the preposition a:

dquele ciqueles aquela lquelas

The adjectives above generally vary in form to agree with the word modified; tell (tais), alguem, ninguem, nada, cads, tudo, mais, and menos have only these forms.


27. NEGATION

Ndo "not" comes before the verb:

No falo italiano. I don't speak Italian.

2. There are two forms for "nothing," "never," "n body," etc., one with and one without ndo:

Nero vejo nada. I don't see anything. ado you nunca. I never go. Nei° very ninguem. Nobody is coming.

No one comes.

Note: this is the form used more often.

Or:

Nada vefo. I don't see anything. Nunca you. I never go. Ninguem yem. Nobody is coming.

No one comes.

Also see CM section 47, lessons 22 and 23.

• X WORD ORDER

1. The usual order tends to be subject verb— adverb—object:

folio comprou l os John bought the Portu-

livros de portugues. guese books there. .

2. The tendency in Portuguese is to put the longer member of the sentence or the emphasized part, at times) last:

Joao viu os seus amigos John saw his friends in no restaurante the Spanish restaurant espanhol que ana which is on the corner. esquina.


3. To ask a question, the same word order as for a statement can be used; this is the more common form in conversation:

Jodo comprou Id as Did John buy his Tiros de portugues?

Portuguese books there?

A change of intonation indicates the difference between a statement and a question.

An inverted order, with the verb before the subject, can also be used, but it is much rarer:

Comprou Joido os Did John buy his livros de portugues? Portuguese books

there?

4. Adjectives come right after forms of the verb ser:

tarde? Is it late? botn? Is it good?

A licdo Is the lesson easy?

29. THE INFINITIVE

Portuguese uses two types of infinitives: the impersonal and the personal.

1. The impersonal infinitive is used in most cases calling for an infinitive. Practically all infinitives end in ar (verbs of the first conjugation): falar "to speak"; in er (second conjugation): viver "to live"; or in it (third conjugation): partir 44 to

leave."

Os alunos ndo querem The students don't estudar want to study.

-amos (-ais) -am

falar to speak

falo (falas) fala

falarnos (/alais) falam

-emos (-els)

-em

The present can be translated in several ways:

I speak Portuguese. Falo portugues. I am speaking Portuguese.

I do speak Portuguese.

2. The imperfect; regular verbs have the following endings added to the stem of the verb:

I

-ava (-avas) -ava

-civamos -iamos (-dveis)

( -leis) -avam -lam

a. The imperfect is used:

I. to indicate continued or customary action in the past:

Quando eu estava When I was in Coimbra em Coimbra escrevia I would write cartas todos os dims. letters every day.

aprender to learn

aprendo (aprendes) aprende

aprendemos (aprendeis) aprendem

pariir to leave

parto (panes) parte

partimos (partis) partem


2. The personal infinitive has endings which make it easier to identify the subject of the infinitive.

falar

falarmos (falares)

(falardes) falar

falarem

Thus, the personal infinitive can be used for clarity:

Parti sem me falarem. I left without their speaking to me.

Antes de jantarmos no Before dining in the restaurante espanhol Spanish restaurant que ester na esquina, which is on the corner, estudamos. 1 we studied.

Note that the personal infinitive makes the subject of the infinitive known early in the sentence.

30. THE TENSES OF THE VERB

Portuguese verbs are generally considered under three classes or conjugations:

I—faiar H—aprender

III-par it

1. The present; regular verbs have the following endings added to the stern of the verb (the infinitive minus the last two letters):

I Portugal uses an accent mark to distinguish the past tense (preterit) from the present: estuddtnos, estudamos.

-o (-es) -e

falar to speak

faiarei (falards) falard falaremos (falareis) falardo

aprender to learn

aprenderei (aprendercis) aprenderd aprenderemos

(aprendereis) aprendercio

partir to leave

pariirei (partirds) pare it partiremos (partireis) partirdo

entrarnos, volttimos

-011

-imos (-isles) -tram


2. to indicate a condition, or action in progress when something else happened:

Que the di is Joao What was John telling quando entramos? I you when we entered?

3. time of day in the past:

'ram oito horns It was eight o'clock quando voltamos. I when we returned.

b. Irregular imperfects; there are four verbs in Portuguese which are irregular in the imperfect:

por—punha, (punhas), punha, piinhamos, (ptinheis), punham

ser —era, (eras), era, erams, Oreis), exam ter —tinha, (tinhas), tinha, tinhamos,

Oinheis), iinham vir —vinha, (vinhas), vinha, vinhamos,

(vinheis), yinham

3. The future:

The future of regular verbs is formed by adding the endings -ei, (-as), -d, -emos, (-eis), -ão to the full infinitive:

Note: The verbs diner, fazer, and grazer add these endings to a shortened stem: direi, farei, traret etc.

The future generally expresses a future action: Chegarei as nove arrive at nine.

Sometimes it expresses conjecture or probability in the present:

Que horas serdo? What time can it be Serdo sete horas. It must be seven o'clock.

proviivelmente He's probably home, estard em cam.

4. The preterit: The preterit of regular verbs is formed by adding the proper endings to the stem of the verb:

(-este) -eu

-amos (-cimos -emos (-astes)

(-estes) -cram -cram

The preterit expresses an action completed in the past with emphasis on the fact rather than on the duration, repetition, or description:

Carlos faiou comigo Charles spoke to me on em. yesterday.

Pe me disse He told me everything. (disse-me tudo.

Fomos ao cinema. We went to the movies.

ties ci ter ao Mega&

They. have probably already arrived.

Note: Today the verb ter is much more. com- monly used than haver to form the perfect tenses.


Ela nos viu (viu-nos ().

Escrevi uma cam. Choveu todo o dia. Ficaram ki dais meses.

She saw us.

I wrote a letter. It rained all day. They stayed there two

months.

5. The present perfect:

The present perfect is formed with the present tense of ter or haver) and the past participle of the main verb. It is used with a condition, or a continuous or repeated action, linked to the present it is not used as much as is the present perfect in English):

Tenho (hei) aprendido I have learned (been muito. learning) very much.

6. The pluperfect:

The pluperfect is formed with the imperfect of ter or haver) and the past participle of the main

verb. It translates "had" and the past participle in English:

Quando eu cheguei, When I arrived, he had ejii in to partido. already left.

7. The future perfect:

The future perfect is formed with the future of ter or haver) and the past participle of the main verb:

Quando eu Mega', When I arrive, he will ele jci terci partido. already have left.

Sometimes it indicates probability:

31. THE SUBJUNCTIVE

The tenses given in section 30 are called tenses of the indicative. There is another set of tenses for the subjunctive. The latter indicates a certain attitude toward the statement made—uncer- tainty, desire, emotion, etc. Although it is used as the main verb for commands, most of the uses of the subjunctive are as a secondary verb in subordinate clauses when the statement is unreal, doubtful, indefinite, subject to some condition, or is affected by will, emotion, etc.

1. Forms

a. The subjunctive endings of the second and third conjugations are the same.

b. The present subjunctive is formed by adding the subjunctive endings to the stem of the first person singular, present indicative; the imperfect and future subjunctive, by removing the ending -ram of the third person plural of the preterit and adding the proper endings.

The subjunctive endings are as follows:

Conjugation I

PRES. SUBJ.: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -eis, -em IMPERF. SUBJ.: -sse, -sses, -sse, Lssemos, =sseis, -ssem FUTURE SUBJ.: -r, -res, -r, -rmos, -rdes, -rem


Conjugations II and III PR S. SUBJ.: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -am IMPERF. SUBJ.: -sse, -sses, -sse, :ssemos, :s is, -ssem FUTURE SUBJ.: -r, -res, -r, -rrnos, -rdes, -rem

Note: Although the endings are different for the present subjunctive, all three conjugations have the same endings for the imperfect and future subjunctive.

EXAMPLES

I

II

III

INFINITIVE: falar aprender partir PRES. SUBJ.: fate aprenda parta IMPERF. SUBJ.: falasse aprendesse partisse FUTURE SUBJ.: falar aprender partir

2. Use of the subjunctive in commands

a. The present subjunctive is used to express all polite commands and negative familiar commands:

Abra a Pane/a, por favor. Open the window, please. Nelo abra a janela. Don't open the window.

abras a janela. Don't open the window (farm.).

b. To indicate a desire or wish, and in indirect commands, with or without que:

(Que) viva o presidente! Long live the President! Que venham cedo. Have them come early. Arclo digamos mais. Let's not say any more.


3. Other uses of the subjunctive

a. The subjunctive is used after verbs of desire, request, permission, approval, disapproval, and the like:

Quero que ek venha I want him to come early. cedo.

Eu gostaria (de) que etc I should like for him to viesse cedo. come early.

b. after verbs of emotion to be happy, to be sorry, and the like):

Estamos con tentes (de) We are glad that she que eta chegasse cedo. arrived early.

Sint° muito que eles I am very sorry that no possam vir. they cannot come.

c. after verbs of doubt or denial:

Duvido (de) que e I doubt he will come venha /Joie. today.

Ndo acho que sea 1 don't believe it is true. verdade.

Nao estamos certos (de) We are not sure she will que eta venha. come.

Note: If the subject of the two verbs is the same, the infinitive tends to be used, instead of the subjunctive, for the second verb:

Quero chegar cedo. I want to arrive early. Sinto muito ndo poder ir. I am very sorry I can't go. Duvido poder ir hoje. I doubt I can go today.

d. after impersonal verbs ("it is possible," etc.) which do not express certainty:

I'll speak to them when they arrive.

I spoke to them when they arrived.

.).


Note: If the statement is general and there is specific subject for the second verb the infiniti is used

p o s s v e 1fa z lo. It is possible to do it. preciso chegar antes It is necessary to arrive das trove. before nine.

e. The subjunctive is used after various co juncture adverbs.

Certain conjunctive adverbs tend to be followed regularly by the subjunctive:

Ele me escreveu pars He wrote me in order que (or afim de que)

that I know the news. eu soubesse a noticia.

2. Some conjunctions, as de forma que, de maneira que, de mod o que, "so," "so that," are followed by the subjunctive if they indicate a purpose not yet attained, and by the indicative if they indicate a result in the past:

Corot de maneira que I ran so that I would chegasse na Nora. arrive on time

Sao corn, de maneira I didn't run, so I didn't que ndo cheguei na arrive on time. hora. Ainda que and embora "although" tend to foil this pattern in Portugal, although in Brazil they are usually followed by the subjunctive in all cases:

Embora estudasse, tido Although I studied, I aprendi mull°. didn't learn much.

3. Certain conjunctions are followed by the subjunctive if the verb indicates a condition or action in the future; otherwise by the indicative. Among the conjunctions which are followed by the present or future subjunctive are ate que "until," corn() "as," conforme "as, according as," quando "when," segundo "as, according as":

Eu lhes falo quando chegarem (fut. subj

Eu lhes falei quando chegaram (preterit, past tense).

4. The subjunctive is used after a relative pronoun with a negative or indefinite antecedent and in some indefinite or alternate types of expressions:

Quero um livro que me explique isto.

New ha ninguem aqui que fate russo.

Seja corn° Como Deus quiser.

I want a book that will explain this to me.

There is nobody here who speaks Russian.

Be that as it may . As God wishes.

5. The future subjunctive can be used as indicated in section 4; it is especially used after conjunctions of time, such as ao passo que "while," assim que "as soon as," depots que "after," enquanto "while," logo que "as soon

far.

possivel que ele o facia. It is possible that he will do it.

preciso que cheguemos It is necessary that we antes das nove. arrive before nine.


as," quando "when," and a few others, when it is expressing future time; when the first verb is in the past, the imperfect subjunctive is used; if the verb after the conjunction expresses past time the indicative is used:

Vanws decidir assim que We'll decide as soon as nos disserern (fu t. they tell us. subj.).

Indicamosi que We said that we would decidiriamos assim decide as soon as they que nos dissessem told us. (imperfect subj.).

Assim que nos disseram, As soon as they told us, decidimos (preterit). we decided.

Eu the mando o livro send him the book depois que ek me after he sends me the mandar (fut. subj.) o money. dinheiro.

Ele me dird quando

He will tell me when he me vir. sees me. (Vir is the

future subjunctive of ver.)

6. The subjunctive is used in certain conditional sentences (see section 34).

32. SEQUENCE OF TENSES

In addition to information already given, keep in mind the following regarding sequence tenses:

I. If the main verb is in the present or future

indict mos (D.

the subjunctive, if required, will be in the present if its time is present or future:

Duvido (de) que ele

I doubt that he will come. versa.

Duvido (de) que etas I doubt that they are esrejam em casa. home.

The subjunctive will be in the imperfect if its time is past:

Duvido que ele viesse 1 doubt that he came.

2. If the main verb is in the past, the subjunctive, if required, will be in the imperfect if it reflects action at the same time or later; it will be in the pluperfect (past perfect subjunctive) if it indicates previous action:

Eu duvidavalde) que ele viesse.

Eu duvidava (de) que ek tivesse vindo.

33. THE CONDITIONAL

The present conditional is formed by adding the endings -ia, -ias, -ia, -iarnos -leis, -lam to the infinitives of all three conjugations:

I

falar to speak aprender to learn partir to leave

falaria aprenderia partiria (falarias) (aprenderias) (partirias) falaria aprenderia partiria

I doubted that he would come.

I doubted that he had come.


ale me teriafalado . He would have spoken to me

They would not have gone .

falariamos aprenderiamos partiriamos aalarieis) (aprenderieis) (partirieis) falariam aprenderiarn partiriam

Note: The verbs dizer, fazer, and trazer add these endings to a shortened stem: diria, faria, traria, e

2. The conditional is used to express:

a. a future from a past point, being usually translated "would" and the meaning of the verb

Pie me disse que He told me that he would chegaria as set& arrive at seven.

b. probability or conjecture in the past:

as ndo teriam ido . .

34. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional sentences have two parts, the conditional or "if' clause and the conclusion. The following are the most common combinations.

A simple condition can be expressed with both verbs in the indicative. Sometimes the "if" factor is the equivalent of "when" or "whenever":

It was probably eight o'clock when he arrived.

What time could it have been (I wonder what time it was) when he arrived?

Se drove (estd chovendo), aco vamos.

Se ele entrou eu ndo o vi.

Se l chegava cedo vinha me ver.

If it is raining, we won't go.

If he came in, I didn't see him.

If (whenever) he arrived early, he came to see me.

Seriam oito horas, quando ele chegou.

Que horas seriam quando ek chegou?

c. a softened statement:

Eu gostaria de ve4u. would (should) like to see him.

d. the conclusion of certain conditional sentences (see section 34, following)

3. The perfect conditional is formed with the conditional of ter (haver is used sometimes) and the past participle of the main verb:

2. When the "if" clause expresses a simple condition (not a doubtful one) in the future, the future subjunctive (or the present indicative at times) is used in the "if" clause and the future indicative (or the present indicative) is used in the conclusion:

Se chover (chove) ma° If it rains we won't go. iremos (vamos).


3. When the "if' clause expresses a doubtful condition in the future the imperfect subjunctive is used in the "if" clause and the conditional or the imperfect indicative)' in the conclusion:

Se chovesse nao iriamos If it should rain we (lams). would not go.

The same sequence is used to indicate a doubtful or contrary-to-fact situation in the present:

Se eufosse2 rico viajaria If I were rich I would (viajava) todos os travel every sununer. verOes.

4. When the "if' clause expresses a condition contrary-to-fact in the past the pluperfect (past perfect) subjunctive is used in the "if' clause and the conditional perfect or the pluperfect indica- tiver in the conclusion:

Se tivesse chovido nao If it had rained we would teriamos (tinhamos) not have gone. ido.

35. COMMANDS AND REQUESTS

There are two types of commands, familiar commands and polite, or less familiar, commands.

I. Familiar commands

Familiar commands are used with people with

1 The imperfect indicative is usually preferred in conversation.

2 fosse CO. 3 Preferred in conversation, 4.:

whom one would use to and its verb forms (see section 11 of Lesson 8). The familiar imperative forms in the singular usually correspond to the third person singular of the present indicative and to the second person plural (familiar) without the final s:

INFINITIVE

falar aprender partir

These forms are used to give only affirmative familiar commands. For negative familiar commands the second and fifth forms (both familiar) of the present subjunctive are used:

INFINITIVE SINGULAR PLURAL

falar nao fales Ado faleis don't speak

aprender ndo aprendas nib aprendais don't learn

partir ndo partas ndo partais don't leave

Note: As explained before, these forms are generally to be avoided until the student understands their use and has occasion to use them.

2. Polite commands

Practically all commands, affirmative or negative, will be given with the third singular and plural forms of the present subjunctive. These forms will usually correspond to the third singular and plural forms of the present indicative but with

SINGULAR

PLURAL

Nita)

(falai) speak (aprende)

(aprendei) learn (parte)

(para .)

leave

INDICATIVE

Ele fala. He speaks.

Pies foam. They speak.

aprende. He learns.

Des aprendem. They learn

Lie parte. He leaves

ties parte'''. They leave.

SUBJUNCTIVE

Fate ! Speak! Ndo fate! Don't speak! Fa/ern. Speak. Ndo falem! Don't speak! Aprenda! Learn! Sao aprenda! Don't learn! Aprendam! Learn! Sao aprendam! Don't

learn! Parta! Leave! Nay° parta! Don't leave! Partam! Leave! Ndo partam! Don't leave.


final a changed to e and final e changed to a (but also see grammar summary section 31, part I b):

Note that object pronouns follow affirmative commands and are attached to the verb with a hyphen in Brazilian speech pronouns may precede the verb sometimes). In negative commands the object pronouns precede the verb.

3. Indirect commands

Indirect commands are also given with the subjunctive (que may precede the verb):

Que entrem! (Que) venham amanhd. Que ndo voile mais. Viva o Brasil! Viva Portugal! Deus nos guarde!

Let (have) them come in. Let them come tomorrow. Let him never return. Long live Brazil! Long live Portugal! May God protect us!

4. Commands with reflexive verbs Other Examples:

Escreva -o. Venha amanha. Diga-me a verdade. Escute! Termine Ludo antes das

cinco, por favor.

Negative Examples:

NO° me escreva mais! Ndo versa antes das

oito. Ndo dancem mais. Ndo gastem todo o

dinhei•o.

Write it. Come tomorrow. Tell me the truth. Listen! Finish everything before

five, please.

Don't write me any more! Don't come before eight.

Don't dance any more. Don't spend all the

money.

Reflexive pronouns follow the order indicated in part 2 immediately above:

Sense-se. Deice-se cedo. Vista-se. Noe esqueca.

Sentem-se. Deitem-se cedo. Vistam-se. No se esquecam. -

SINGULAR

Sit down. Go to bed early. Dress. Don't forget.

PLURAL

Sit down. Go to bed early. Dress. Don't forget.


36. THE PARTICIPLE

1. The present participle is formed by adding -ando, -endo, and -indo to the stems of verbs of the three conjugations:

falar to speak

aprender to learn falando speaking aprendendo learning

partir to leave partindo leaving

If an object pronoun follows the present participle it is joined to it with a hyphen:

falando-nos speaking to us escrevendo-the writing to him vendo-o seeing him

2, The present participle is used in the progressive tenses (see section 37 which follows) and often much as in English:

Vi-o na praia, dormindo. I saw him on the beach, sleeping.

Partindo (A° partir), ele On leaving he gave me me deu sets

his card.

3. The past participle is formed by adding -ado, - ido, -ido to the stems of verbs of the three conjugations:

I

II

falar to speak

aprender to learn falado spoken aprendido learned

INFINITIVE

abrir cobrir dizer escrever fazer par ver vir

to open to cover to say to write to do, make to put to see to come

IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLE

aberto coberto diw escrito feito Oslo (post() Ts) visto vindo

Some verbs have a regular participle and also a shortened form:

INFINITIVE

aceitar

entregar

ganhar

gasiar pagar roarer

to accept

to deliver, give

to earn, gain

to spend to pay to die .

REGULAR

aceitado

entregado

*ganhado

*gastado *pagado morrido

IRREGULAR

aceito, aceite

entregue

ganho

gam pago morto

* rarely used today


287

III

partir to leave partido

left

4. Irregular participles

For has the irregular present participle pondo.

The following are some of the verbs which have irregular past participles:


Although both forms are used, there is a tendency for the regular form to be favored as past participle of the perfect tenses and for t shortened form to be favored as an adjective:

Tinhamos aceitado todo o dinheiro.

0 dinheIro nao foi aceiio.


0 Brasil foi descoberto Brazil was discovered in em 1500 (mile 1500. quinhentos).

The passive voice is used as in English. Very often, however, Portuguese uses se to express the passive (see part 10 of Lesson 15).

We had accepted all the money.

The money was not accepted.

39. TO BE

37. PROGRESSIVE TENSES

The Portuguese progressive tenses are formed with the present participle and the tenses of estar (although other verbs, such as it may also be used as the auxiliary verb):

Ser and estar both mean "to be" in Portuguese. In general ser indicates a characteristic or permanent state and estar a temporary one. How- ever, one should note the different uses of these verbs.

SER

ESTAR

Eles jam cantando.

Estou estudando. Quando tiles entraram

na sala nos estdvamos lendo o jornal.

Etas estao divertindo -se.

I am studying. When they entered the

room we were reading the newspaper.

They are having a good time.

They were singing. ("They went on singing.")

Portugal also uses estar a and the infinitive: Estou a estudar. I am studying.

38. THE PASSIVE VOICE

The passive voice is made up of the forms of ser with the past participle:

eu 5014 014 es) o senor a senhora e voce e ele ela e

nos scams (vos sois) os senhores sew

as senoras sao

votes sao tiles sao elas sao

eu estou (tu eskis) o senhor estd a senhora estd voce este! tie ester ela ester

nos estamos (vos estais) os senhores

estao as senhoras

estao voces estao Res estao elas estao

I am you are (familiar) you are (masc.) you are (fem.) you are he is she is

we are (you are) you are

you are

you are they are they are

3. is used with a predicate noun or pronoun:

ale e professor. Ela e aluna. Somos americanos.

el. Sou eu.

He is a professor. She is a student. We are Americans. It is he. It is I.


SER

I. indicates a characteristic or inherent quality:


Meu irmdo é alto. livro a vermelho.

Ela e jovem. 0 gaol e frio. Ele é inteligente.

My brother is tall. The book is red. She is young. Ice is cold. He is intelligent.

6. indicates possession:

Os livros dele. De quern e? • met,.

The books are his. Whose is it? It is mine.

2. indicates an established or permanent location:

A capital e no Distrito Federal.

A escola e longe daqui.

The capital is in the Federal District.

The school is far from here.

4. indicates origin or source:

tie e de Lisboa. He's from Lisbon. Esta madeira é do This wood is from Brazil.

Brasil.

5. indicates material:

A casa é de pedra

The house is made of stone.

gelo

7. is used in indicating the time

Sao dugs horas. It is two o'clock. • meio-dia. It is noon.

8. is used in impersonal expressions:

tare. it is late. • cello. It is early. E possivel. It is possible. Alpena. Ifs a pity. Ndo e verdade?

Isn't it so?

9. is used in forming the passive voice (see section 38 above)

ESTAR

I. expresses temporary position or location:

no esta aqui. He is not here. Maria estd em casa. Mary is home. Oxide est& os livros? Where are the books? 0 jornal estd na caixa The newspaper is in the

(x ==sh). box.

2. indicates a temporary quality or characteristic:

Eta estd contente. She is happy (pleased). Estamos cansados. We are tired. Estou pronto. I'm ready.

falar (falares) falar •

falarmos (falardes) falarem

aprender (aprenderes) aprender

aprendermos (aprender-des) aprenderem

partir (partires) partir

partirmos (partirdes) partirem


0 café esta frio. The coffee is cold. A :meta std aberta The window is open

Orechada). (closed). Ela estd bonita hoje She is pretty today.

3. is used to form the progressive tenses (see section 37 above):

Lies estdo falando (a They are talking about falar) de Ms. us.

4. is used in expressions about the weather:

40. THE FORMS OF THE REGULAR VERB

CONJUGATION I CONJUGATION II CONJUGATION III

INFINITIVE

PRESENT

falar to speak aprender to learn pathr to leave

PERSONAL INFINITIVE

Estd frio hoje. It is cold today. No verso estard quente. It will be hot in the

summer.

5. is used in certain other expressions (especially in Brazil):

Estou corn forme. I am hungry. Pies est& corn sede. 1 They are thirsty.

Note: The verb ficar "to remain" is quite popular in Brazil and is often used for set or estar:

Onde fica a estacclo?

Where is the station? Flea longe daqui. It is far from here. Ela fica contente She is happy (pleased).

ale ficou doente. He became ill.

PAST

ter falado ter aprendido ter partido to have spoken to have learned to have left

PARTICIPLES

PRESENT

falando aprendendo partindo speaking learning leaving

PAST

falado spoken aprendido learned partido left

INDICATIVE AND CONDITIONAL

PRESENT

lab aprendo patio cede (2).

aprenderia (aprenderias) aprenderia

aprenderiamos (aprenderieis) aprenderiam

partiria (partirias) partiria

pc rtiriamos (partirieis) partiriam


(falas) fait, falamos (falais) faiam

falava (falavas) falava

fakivamOs (ralciveis) falavam

falei (falaste) falou

Alamos' (falastes) falaram

(aprendes) aprende

aprendemos (aprendeis) aprendem

IMPERFECT

aprendia (aprendias) aprendia

aprendiamos (aprendieis aprendiam

PRETERIT

aprendi (aprendeste) aprendeu

aprendemos (aprendestes) aprenderam

FUTURE

(panes) pane

partimos (partis) partem

partia (partial) partia

partiamos (pantie's) part am

parti (partiste) partiu

partimos (partistes) partiram

falaria (falarias) falaria

falariamos (falarieis) falariam

tenho (tens) tem

temos (tendes) tern

tinha (tinhas) tinha

tinhamos (tinheis) tinham

CONDITIONAL

PRESENT PERFECT

falado aprendido partido falado aprendido partido falado aprendido partido


PLUPERFECT (COMPOUND)

falado aprendido partido falado aprendido partido faiado aprendido partido


falarei Orialands) falara

falaremos (falareis) falarao

aprenderei (aprenderas) aprenderd

aprenderemos (aprendereis) aprenderito

partirei (partinds) partird

part iremos (partireis) partircio

falara (falaras) falara

PLUPERFECT (SIMPLE) 1

aprendera partira (aprenderas)

(par ► iras) aprendera partira

pound pluperfect, but it is more a literary tense and is not faidmos

The simple pluperfect has the same meaning as the com-

ordinarily used in conversation.


terei (terns) tend

teremos (tereis) tertio

feria (terias) feria

teriamos (terieis) teriam

falado falado falado




aprendido aprendido aprendido




partido partido partido




falasse (falasses) falasse

faleissemos (faldsseis) falassem

falar Oralares) falar

faiarmos (falardes) falarem

tenha (tenhas) tenha

tenhamos (tenhais) tenham

fandramos aprenderamos partiramos (rabirds)

(aprendereis)

(partireis) falara aprendera partira

FUTURE PERFECT

CONDITIONAL PERFECT

SUBJUNCTIVE

IMPERFECT

aprendesse partisse (aprendesses)

(partisses) aprendesse partisse

aprendessemos partissemos (aprendesseis)

(partisseis) aprendessem partissem

FUTURE

aprender partir (aprenderes)

(partires) aprender partir

aprendermos partirmos (aprenderdes)

(partirdes) aprenderem partirem

PRESENT PERFECT



PLUPERFECT

fak (fales) Pale

falemos (faleis) falem

PRESENT

aprenda (aprendas) aprenda

aprendamos (aprendais) aprendam

parts (partas) parts

partamos (partais) parkin'

tivesse (tivesses) tivesse

tivessemos (tivesseis) tivessem







(Fala) (tu)! (Falai) (vos!)

(Nilo fates} (tu)! (Nilo faleis) (IOW

Familiar

Speak (sing.)! Speak (pl.)!

Don't speak (sing)! Don't speak (pie)!

'ale (o senhor, voce)! Faiem (cis senhores,

voc es)!

Polite

Speak (sing.)! Speak 6301

IT io fate (o senhor, voce)! Don't speak (sing.)! falem (os senhores, Don't speak (pl.)!

voces)!

'al os (n 6s) I Let's speak!

II

Famili ar

(Aprende) (tu)!

Learn (singe)! (Aprendei) (Ms)!

Learn(pL)!

(Ndo aprendas) (tu)!

Don't learn (sing4! (Nejo aprendais) (Vos)!

Don't learn (pi.)!

Polite Aprenda (o senhor, voce)! Learn (sing.)! Aprendam (Os senhores, Learn (ple)!

voces)!

aprenda (o senhor, Don't learn (sing.)! voce)!



299

IMPERATIVE Ndo aprendam (os Don't learn (pl.)!

senhores, voces)1

Aprendamos (nos)!

Let's learn!

m

(Parte) (tu)! (Parti) (v6s)!

• (Ntio partas) (tu)! (Ndo partais) (Ws)!

Familiar Leave (sing)! Leave (pl.)!

Don't leave (sing.)! Don't leave (pl.)!

Polite Patna (a senhor, voce)!

Leave (sing.)! Partam (os senhores, Leave (pl.)!

voces)1

PI& parta (o senhor, Don't leave (sing)! voce)!

PI& par am (ros senhores, Don't leave (pl.)! voces)!

Partamos (nos)! Let's leave!

41. RADICAL-CHANGING VERBS

As indicated before (see Lesson 1, Vowels) the sound of vowels varies in Portuguese, with open and closed qualities for the same vowel, as well as other variations. To have good pronunciation it is necessary to distinguish between these sounds. Cer- tain verbs in Portuguese have variations in the stem (or radical, as it is also called) and these should be kept in mind. Only some of these changes, with a few sample verbs, are given here. Unless otherwise indi-

I

levar secar

to take away}open e to dry

cortar to cut escovar to brush jogar to play (game) open o morar to dwell, live notar to note voitar to return

odiar remediar

to hate i chances to ei to remedy

Il

e becomes i in 1; e becomes open e

in 2, 3, 6 of pres. ind.;

e becomes i in all 6 forms of pres. subj.

e becomes i in 1 of pres. ind• and in all pres. subj.

o becomes u in 1; o becomes open o

in 2, 3, 6 of pres. ind.;

o becomes u in all 6 forms of pres. subj.

competir conferir conseguir despir (-se)

divertir (-se)

ferir preferir referir repetir seguir servir vestir

(-se)

mentir sentir

to compete to confer to obtain to undress

(oneself) to amuse

(oneself) to wound to prefer to refer to repeat to follow to serve to dress

(oneself)

to lie to feel, to

be sorry

cobrir dormir engolir tossir

to cover to sleep to swallow to cough


sated, the change given will pertain to those forms of the verb in which the stress falls on the last vowel of the stem: the 1, 2, 3, and 6 forms (the three singular and the third plural forms) of the present indicative and of the present subjunctive.

cear to eat supper estrear to use, wear for

the first time e changes passear to take a walk to ei

or ride recear to fear


ILL

301

dever

escrever meter

corner mover

to owe, to have to e changes to open e

to write in 2, 3, 6 (not in

to ut lst form) p

to run open o in 2, 3, to move

consumir fugir sacudir subir

to consume to flee to shake to go up

u becomes open o in 2, 3, 6 of pres. in d.


42. SPELLING CHANGES IN VERBS

Some verb forms, as is true of other parts of speech, undergo spelling changes before certain endings. These changes are in the final consonant of the stem. To understand these cases better, consult section 2, on pronunciation, of this gram mar summary.

1. Verbs ending in -car

in verbs ending in -car in the infinitive the c changes to qu before e. This occurs in: a. the first person singular of the preterit b. all forms of the present subjunctive

Example: ficar to remain, to be

PRETERIT INDICATIVE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

fiquei

fique (ficaste)

(fiques) ficou

fique ficamosl

fiquemos (ficastes)

(fiqueis) ficaram fiquem

Some of the other verbs in -car:

2. Verbs ending in -car

In these verbs the c. changes to c before e, that is, in the same forms indicated above.

Example: comecar to begin

PRETERIT INDICATIVE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

comecei comece

(comecaste)

(comeces) comecou comece

comecamosi comecemos

(comecastes)

(comeceis) comecaram comecem

Some of the other verbs in -car:

abracar to embrace

forcar to force alcancar to reach recomecar to begin

caviar to hunt again

tracar to trace, sketch

3. Verbs ending in -gar

In these verbs g becomes gu before e, that is, in the same forms indicated above. Example: chegar to arrive

atacar educar explicar indicar

to attack secar to educate significar to explain to indicate tocar

verificar

to dry to signify,

mean to touch,

play (music)

to verify

PRETERIT INDICATIVE

cheguei (chegaste) chogou

chegamos 2 (chegastes) chegaram

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

chegue (cheques) chegue

cheguemos (chegueis) cheguem

*Limos e. 1 COnlecdMOS CO. 2 chegcimos (E).

Example: conhecer to know

PRESENT INDICATIVE

conheco (conheces) conhece

conhecemos (conheceis) conhecem

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

conheca (conhecas) conheca

conhefamos (conhevais) conhecam


Some of the other verbs in -gar:

apagar to put out, jogar to play erase (game)

carregar to load, pegar to seize transport pager to pay

entregar to deliver rogar to beg, ask fatigar to fatigue

4. Verbs ending in -cer

In these verbs c changes to c before o or a. This occurs in: a. the first person singular of the present indica-

tive b. all forms of the present subjunctive


305

desaparecer to disappear oferecer to offer desobedecer to disobey padecer to suffer envelhecer to age parecer to seem esquecer to forget perrnanecer to remain falecer to die pertencer to belong

reconhecer to recog- nize

5. Verbs ending in -ger

In these verbs g changes to before o or a, that is, in the same forms indicated above.

Example: pr Leger to protect

PRESENT INDICATIVE

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

protejo proteja (proteges)

(protejas) protege proteja

protegemos protejamos {protegees)

(proiejais) protegem protejam

Some of the other verbs in -ger:

eleger to elect reger to rule

Some of the other verbs in -cer:

abastecer to supply acontecer to happen agradecer to be

grateful aparecer to appear carecer to lack cornpadecer to pity

favorecer to favor fornecer to supply merecer to

deserve nascer to be

born obedecer to obey

6. Verbs ending in -gir

These verbs have the same changes as verbs ending in -ger. Some of these are:

dirigir to direct

Mir to flee erigir to erect surgir to emerge exigir (x=sh) to demand


7. Verbs ending in -guer or -guir

In these verbs gu changes to g before o or a. This occurs in the same forms as in section 4 above. Example: distinguir to distinguish PRESENT INDICATIVE

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

distingo

distinga (distingues)

Nistingas) distingue distinga

distinguimos distingamos (distinguis)

(distingals) distinguem distingam

Some verbs in -goer and -guir: erguer to raise extinguir to extinguish

perseguir to pursue conseguir to obtain seguir to follow

Seguir is also radical changing (see section 41 above, part III) and it and its derivatives (such as conseguir and perseguir) will show these changes: PRESENT INDICATIVE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

sig ► siga

(segues)

(signs) segue siga

seguimos sigamos (seguis)

(sigais) seguem sigam


43. IRREGULAR VERBS

Some of the irregular verbs in Portuguese will be given below. Only tenses which have irregular forms will be given. Verbs with only radical changes or orthographic changes will not be given. Imperative forms will not be listed. Irregular participles will be indicated.

Abrir to open

1. PAST PART.: aberto

Caber to fit in

PRES. IND.: caibo, caber, cabe, cabemos, cabeis, caber

2. PRES. SUBJ.: caiba, caibas, caiba, caibamos, caibais, caibam

3 PRET. IND.: (Dube, coubeste, coube, coubemos, coubestes, couberam

PLUP. IND.: coubera, co bergs, coubera, couberamos, coubereis, couberam

5. IMPF. SUBJ.: coubesse, coubesses, coubesse, coubessemos, coubesseis, coubessem

6 FUT. SUBJ.: couber, couberes, couber, coubermos, couberdes, couberem

Lair to fail

Like sair to leave. See below.

Cobrir to cover

PAST. PART.: coberto

Conduzir to conduct, lead to

PRES. IND.: conduzo, conduzes, conduz, conduzimos, conduzis, conduzem


Construirto construct 1. PRES. IND.: construo, construis, construi,

construimos, construis, construem also

PRES. IND.: construo, constrois, constroi, construimos, construis, constroem

2. IMPF. IND.: constniia, construias, cons/rule:, constntiamos, construieis, construiam

3. PRET. IND.: construi, construiste, construiu, construimos, construistes„ construiram

5. PLUP. IND.: construira, construiras, construira, construiramos, construireis, construiram

6. IMPF, SUBJ.: construisse, construisses, construisse, construissemos, construisseis, construissem

7. FUT. SUBJ.: construir, construires„ construir, construirrnos, construirdes, construirem

8. PAST PART.: construido

Crer to believe 1. PRES. IND. creio, cres, cre, cremos, credes, crew 2. PRES. SUBJ.: creia, creias, creia, creiamos, creiais,

creiam 3. PRET. IND.: cri, creste, 1 creu, cremos, crestes, 1

creram

Dar to give I. PRES. IND.: dou, dds, d4, damos, dais, (Rio


2. PRES. SUBJ.: de, des, de, demos, 1 deis, deem

3. PRET. IND.: del, des e, deu, demos, destes, deram 4. PLUP, IND.: derv, deras, dera, deramos, dereis,

deram 5. IMPF. SUBJ.: desse, desses, desse, dessemos, desseis,

dessem 6. FUT. SUBJ.: der, deres, der, demos, derdes, derem

Despedir to send away

PRES. END.: despeco, despedes, despede, despedimos, despedis, despedem

PRES. SUBJ.: &spew, despecas, despeca, despecamos, despecais, despecam

Diner to say

1. PR Es. IND.: digo, dines, din, di emus, dizeis, diem

2. PRES. SUBJ.: diga, degas, diga, digamos, digais, digam

3 PRET. IND.: disse, dissesse, disse, dissemos, dissessies, disseram

PLUP. IND.: dissera, disseras, dissera, disseramos, dissereis, disseram

5. IMP. SUBJ.: dissesse, dissesses, dissesse, dissessemos, dissesseis, dissessem

6. FUT. SUBJ.: disser, disseres, disser, dissermos, disserdes, disserem

7. FUT. IND.: direi, dims, dir e direis, dircio

8. CON D.: diria, dirias, diria, diriamos, dirleis, diriam

9. PAST. PART.: di to

I No accent mark in Portugal. demos ia).

310 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 3 11

Eieger to elect 1. PAST. PART.: elegido and eleito

Erigir to erect

I. PAST PART.: erigido and ereto

Escrever to write

1. PAST PART.: emit°

Estar to be 1. PRES. IND.: estou, ends, estd, estamos, estais,

estao 2. P. SuBJ.: esteja, estejas, esteja, estejamos,

esiejais, estejam 3. PRET. IND.: estive, estiveste, esthe, 1 estivemos,

estivestes, estiveram 4. PLIJP. IND.: estivera, estiveras, estivera,

estiveramos, estivereis, estiveram 5. IMP. SUBJ.: estivesse, estivesses, estiveSSe,

estivesseMos, estiyesseis, es tivessem 6. FUT. SUBJ.: estiver, estiveres, estiver, estivermos,

estiverdes, estiverem

Extinguir to extinguish L PAST PART.: extinguido and extent°

3. PRET. IND.: fiz, fizeste, fez,' fizemos, fizestes, fizeram

4. FLU?. IND.: fizera, fizeras, fizera, fizeramos, fizereis, fizeram

5. IMPF. fizesse, fizesses, fizesse, fizessemos, fizesseis, fizessem

6. FUT. SUBJ.: fizer, fizeres, fizer, fizermos, fizerdes, fizerem

. FUT. IND.: farei, fards, feint faremos, fareis, fardo 8. COND.: faria, farias, faria, fariamos, farieis,

fariam 9. PAST PART.: feito

Haver to have

1. PRES. IND.: hei, has, hd„ havemos, haveis, hdo 2. PRES. SUBJ.: ha a, hajas, haja, hajamos, hajais,

hajam 3. FRET. IND.: houve, houveste, houve, houvemos,

houvestes, houveram 4. PLUP. IND.: houvera, houveras, houvera,

houveramos„ houvereis, houveram 5. IMPF. SUBJ.: houvesse, houvesses, houvesse,

houvessemos, houvesseis, houvessem 6. FUT. SUBJ.: houver, houveres, houver, houvermos,

houverdes, houverem

Fazer to do, to make

1. PRES. IND.: _Taco, fazes, Paz, fazemos, fazeis, fazem 2. PRES. SUBJ.: face!, .faas,rc facamos,

facam

Ir to go 1. PRES. IND.: you, vais, val, vamos, ides, yob

2. PRES. SUBJ.: vd, yds, pa, vamos, wades, velo

'fez (r).

1 CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE 313 32

3. IMPF. IND.: ia, ias, ia, iamos, leis, ram 4. PRET. IND. : fui, fine,' foi, fomos, fives, foram 5. PLUP. IND.: fOra, 2 foras, fora, foramos,

fords, foram 6. IMPF. SUBJ.: fosse, 2 fosses, fosse,

fossemos, eis, fossem 7. FuT. for, 3 (ores, for, farms, forces, forem

Ler to read I. PRES. IND.: leio, s, l , lemos, ledes, leer 2. PRES. SUBJ.: leia, lei as, leia, leiamos, leiais, leiam 3. PRET. IND.: Ii, teste, 3 leu, lemos, lestes, 3 leram

Medir to measure 1. PRES. IND.: Imp, medes, mede, medimos, medis,

medem 2. PRES. SUBJ.: meta, mews, me a, mecamos, meow:Y.,

me cam

Ouvir to hear 1. PRES. IND.: ouvo, ouves, ouve, ouvimos, ouvis,

ouvem also

PRES. IND.: of o, ouves, ouve, ouvimos, ouvis, ouvem

2. PRES. SUBJ.: our oucas, ouca, ougamos, oucais, ougam

also PRES. SUBJ.: °I ca, of as, oica, oicamos, oicais,

oicam

1 foste, fostes, (E). 2 No accent mark except in first and second plural forms 3 No accent mark in Portugal.

Pedir to ask

1. PRES. IND.: peco, pees, pee, pedimos, pedis, pedem

2. PRES. SUBJ.: peva, pesos, peca, pecamos, mais, Pecam

Perder to lose

1. PRES. IND.: perco, perdes, perde, perdemos, perdeis, perdem

2. PRES. SUBJ.: perca, perms, perca, percamos, percais, percam

Poder to be able

PRES. IND.: posso, podes, pock, podemos, podeis, podem

2 PRES. SUBJ.: possa, posses, possa, possamos, possais, possam

3. PRET. IND.: pude, pudeste, pode, pudemos, pudestes, puderam

4. PLUP. IND.: pudera, puderas, pudera, puderamos, pude reis, puderam

5. IMPF. SUBJ.: pudesse, pudesses, pudesse, pudessemos, pudesseis, pudessem

6. FUT. SUBJ.: puder, puderes, puder, pudermos, puderdes, puderem

Par to put

1. PRES. IND.: ponho, pdoes, poe, pomos, pondes, poem

2. PRES. SUBJ.: ponha, ponhas, ponha, ponhamos, ponhais, ponham

3. IMPF. IND.: punha, punhas, punha, panhamos, pnheis, punham


L PRES. IND.:

2. PRES. SUBJ.:

1. PRES. IND.:

2. PRES, SUBJ.:

3. PRET. IND.:

PLUP. IND.:

5. IMPF. SUBJ.:

6. FUT. SUBJ.:

IMPF. IND.:

4. PRET. IND.:

5. PLUP. IND.:

6. IMPF. SUBJ.:

1. PRES. IND.:

2. PRES. SUBJ.:

4. PRET. IND.: pus, pusestc, pos, pusemos, pusestes, puseram

5. PLUP. IND.: pusera, puseras, pusera, puseramos, pusereis, puseram

6. IMPF. SUBJ.: pusesse, pusesses, pusesse, pusessemos, pusesseis, pusessem

7. FUT. SUBJ.: puser, puseres, puser, puserinos, puserdes, puserem

8. PAST. PART.: pOsto (posto ce9 9. PRES. PART.; pond°

Note: compor and other verbs formed from pot. will have the same irregularities as por.

Querer to want 1. PRES. IND,: quero, queres, quer or quere, 1

queremos, quereis, querem 2. PRES. SUBJ.: queira, queiras, queira, queiramos,

queirais, queirarn 3. PRET. IND.: quis, quiseste, quis, quisemos,

quisestes, quiseram 4. PLUP. IND.: quisera, quiseras, quisera,

quiserarnos, quisereis, quiseram 5. IMP. SUBJ.: quisesse, quisesses, quisesse,

quisessemos, quisesseis, quisessem 6. FUT. SUBJ.: quiser, quiseres, quiser, quisermos,

quiserdes, quiserem

Rir to laugh

rio, ris, ri, tiros, rides, riem ria, rias, ria, riamos, riais, riam

Saber to know

sei, saber, sabe, sabemos, sabeis, saber saiba, Saibas, saiba, saibamos, saibais, saibam soube, soubeste, soube, soubemos, soubestes, souberam soubera, souberas, soubera, souberamos, soubereis, souberam soubesse, soubesses, soubesse, soubessemos, soubesseis, soubessem sower, souberes, saber -, soubermos, souberdes, souberem

Fair to go out, to leave

saio, sais, sai, saimos, sais, saem saia, saias, saia, saiarnos, saias, saiam saga, saias, saia, saiamos, saieis, salary sal, saiste, saiu, saimos, sais es, sairam saira, sairas, saira, sairamos, saireis, sairam saisse, saisses, saisse, saissefftos, saisseis, saissem

1AI used in Portugal, but quer is preferred under the new orthography.


7. FUT. SUBJ.: sair, it s, salt', sairmos, sairdes, sairem

8. PAST PART.: saido

Ser to be 1. PRES. IND.: sou, es, e, somos, sois, sao 2. PRES. SUBJ.: seja, sejas, seja, sejamos, sejais,

seam 3. IMPF. IND.: era, eras, era, eramos, ereis, eram 4. PRET. IND.: fui, joste, 1 foi, fomos, fOstes, 1 foram 5. PLUP. IND.: fora, 2 foras, fora, fOramos,

fore's, foram 6. IMPF: SUBJ.: fosse, 2 fosses, fosse,

fossemos, fosseis, fossem 7. FUT. SUBJ.: for, 1 fores, for, 1 formos, forties,

forem

Ter to have

1. PRES. IND.: tenho, tens, tern, temos, tends, tem 2. PRES. SUBJ.: tenha, tenhas, tenha, tenhamos,

tenhais, tenham 3. IMPF. IND.: tinha, tinhas, tinha, tinhamos,

tinheis, tinhatn 4. PRET. IND.: live, tiveste, (eve, tivemos, tivestes,

tiveram 5. PLUP. IND.: tivera, tiveras, tivera, tiveramos„

tivereis, tiveram 6. IMPF. SUBJ.: tivesse, tivesses, tivesse„ tivessemos,

iivesseis, tivessem

forte, fosses; for (Z. 2 No accent mark except in first and second plural forms (D.

7. FUT. SUBJ.: tiver, tiveres, Over, tivermos, tiverdes, tiverem

Note: comer and other verbs formed from ter will have the same irregularities as ter.

Trazer to bring 1. PRES. IND.: trago, /razes, traz, trazemos, trazeis,

trazem 2. PRES. SUBJ.: traga, tragas, traga, tragamos,

Iragals, tragam 3. PRET. IND.: trouxe,i trouxeste, trouxe, trouxemos,

trouxestes, trouxeram 4. PLUP. IND.: trouxera, trouxeras, trouxera,

trouxeramos, trouxereis, trouxeram 5. IMPF. SUBJ.: trouxesse, trouxesses, trouxesse,

trouxessemos, trouxesseis, trouxessem 6. FUT. SUBJ.: trouxer, trouxeres, trouxer,

trouxermos, trouxerdes, trouxerem 7. FUT. IND.: trarei, traras , trarci, traremos,

trareis, trarelo 8. COND.: traria, &arias, traria, trariamos,

trarleis, trariam •

Valer to be worth

1. PRES. IND.: valho, vales, vale, valemos, valet's, valem

2. PRES. SUBJ.: valha, valhas, valha, valhamos, valhais, valharn

1 In these verb forms x is pronounced like s in see.


Ver to see I. PRES. IND.: ve ves, vemos, vedes, 1 veers 2. PRES. SUBJ.: veja, yejas, veja, vejamos, vejais,

vejam 3. PRET. IND.: vi, vise, viu, vimos, vistes, viram 4. MVP. IND.: vira, vitas, vita, viramos, vireis,

viram 5. IMPF. SUBJ.: visse, vises, visse, vissemos, visseis,

vissem 6. FUT. SUBJ.: vir, vices, vir, Yirmos, virdes, virem 7. PAST PART: visto

Vir to come 1. PRES. IND.: venho, vens, vem, yimos, vindes, vem 2. PRES. SUBJ.: venha, yenhas, venha, venhamos,

venhais, venham 3. IMPF. IND.: yinha, vinhas, vinha, vinhamos,

vinheis, vinham 4. PI T. IND.: vim, vieste, vein, viers, viestes,

vieram 5. PL P. IND.: viera, vieras, viera, vieramos, vi refs,

vieram 6. IMPF. SUBJ.: viesse, viesses, viesse, viessemos,

visse/s, viessem 7. FUT. SUBJ.: vier, vieres, vier, viermos, vier es,

vierem 8. PAST PART.: vindo

Note: The present participle is also vindo.

Note: convir to suit, to agree, and other verbs formed from vir, will have the same irregularities as vin.

vedes

1. FORMAL INVITATIONS AND REPLIES

A.

Pedro Pereira Sousa e Maria Sousa tern o prazer de convidar V. Excia. e Exma. Fa ilia para assistirem ao enlace matrimonial de Oa) sua filha GlOria corn o Sr. Paulo Games, que se realizara na igreja de Santo AntOniol no dia 20 do corrente, as 18 horas. Depois da cerimonia,2 haves urea recepcao na casa dos pais da noiva, avenida Anchieta, 1529.

Peter Pereira Sousa and Mary Sousa take pleasure in inviting you to the wedding of their daughter Gloria to Mr. Paulo Domes, which will take place at St. Anthony's Church on the 20th of this month at 6 p. m. After the ceremony there will be a reception at the residence of the bride's parents, 1529 Anchieta Avenue.

B.

Jose e Cecilia Silva cumprimentam o senhor e a senhora Carlos Guimarlies, e pedem clue os honrem jantando na sua companhia, na proxima segunda-feira, is oito horas.

Joseph and Cecilia Silva extend their greetings to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Guimaries, and would be hon- ored to have their company at dinner next Monday at eight o'clock.

I Antonio e. 2 cerimonia (f),


senhor e a senhora Guimaraes, muito agradeci- dos, aceitam corn grande prazer o convite do senhor e da senhora Silva para jantarem juntos na prOxima segrunda-feira, as oito horas, e aproveitam o ensejo para cumprimenta-los cordialmente.

Mr. and Mrs. GuimarAes will be delighted to dine with Mr. and Mrs. Silva next Monday at eight o'clock and take this opportunity to indicate their apprecia- tion and to extend their kindest regards.

e :•

senhor e a senhora Guimaries cumprimentam o senhor e a senhora Silva, agradecem muitissimo o seu amavel convite para jantar na premix= segunda4eira, mas lamentam nao poderem aceita-lo em virtude de

terem estabelecido um compromisso anteriormente, para a mesma data.

Mr. and Mrs. Guimarles extend their greetings to Mr. and Mrs. Silva and thank them for the kind invitation to dine with them on Monday, but regret that they will not be able to come due to a previous engage- ment.

will be most happy to attend the reception next Sunday.

C.

Tomas e Margarida Freitas cumprimentam afetuo- samente o senhor e a senhora Moreira da Silva e pedem que lhes &rem o grande prazer de participarem da festa corn que comemorario o aniversario de Oa) sua filha Ana, festa essa que tern lugar no proximo domingo, 19 de marco, 1 as nove horas da noite.

Thomas and Margaret Freitas extend their warm- est greetings to Mr. and Mrs. Moreira da Silva and request the honor of their presence at a party cele- brating the birthday of their daughter Ana,. to be given on Sunday evening, March 19, at nine o'clock.

IN.■.1■■•1■••■•

senhor e a senhora Moreira da Silva agradecem muito o amivel convite do senhor e da senhora Freitas, e expressam o seu grande contentamento por terem a oponunidade de participar da festa do proximo domingo.

Mr. and Mrs. Moreira da Silva gratefully acknowledge the kind invitation of Mr. and Mrs. Freitas and 'Marco


2• THANK-YOU NOTE

2 de abril1 de 1965

Minh a cara Ana,

Escrevo-lhe nazi se, para cumprimenta-la, como tambem para agradecer-lhe o formoso vaso que me mandou de presence. Coloquei-o em cima do piano, e voce nap pole imaginar o lido efeito que faz.

Espero ve-la, amanhA, na festa que di Carlota. Parece que essa reuniao vai ser muito animada.

Meu desejo é que voce e toda 2 a famffia estejam bern. Aqui, tudo sem novidade.

Abraca-a (a) sua amiga dedicada.

Maria

April 2, 1965

Dear Anna,

I'm writing you not only to say hello, but also to let you know how much I appreciate the beautiful vase you sent me as a gift. I've put it on the piano and you can't imagine the beautiful effect.

I hope to see you at Carlota's party tomorrow. I think it's going to be a very lively affair.

I hope you and your family are well. Here, everything is fine.

Your friend, Mary

ard■N■laap

Abrit (e). 2 toda


3. BUSINESS =ER'S

Rua Tobias Barreto, 1326 SA° Paulo, S. P. 5 de julhol de 1965

Sr. Julio Matos Avenida Rio Branco, 213 Rio de Janeiro Estado de Guanabara

ilmo. Snr:

Junto remeto-lhe um cheque de CrS3.000,00 pan obtencio de uma assinatura anual da revista Branco e Negro, que é dirigida por 5.2

Atenciosamente, Joao Carlos Martins

Rua Tobias Barreto, 1326 Sao Paulo, S. P. July 5, 1965

Mr. Julio Matos Avenida Rio Branco, 213 Rio de Janeiro Guanabara State

Dear Sir:

Enclosed please find a check for 3000 cruzeiros for a year's subscription to your magazine Branco e Negro.

Very truly yours, Joao Carlos Martins

Julho (D. 2 V. S. stands for Vossa Senhoria, a correspondence 4erm

for "you."

maio 2 Part°.


A.

Lopes, Nunes & Cia. Rua de Madalena, 154 Lisboa, Portugal

2 de Maio' de 1965

Aos Snrs. Gomes, Lima Rua Nova d'Alfindega, 110 o Porto2

Prezados Senhores: -

Tern os satisfacio de aptesentar-lh.es o portador fiesta, o Sr. Alberto Rocha, nosso caixeiro viajante, que visitara as principals cidades dessa regiao.

Nio 6 precis° dyer-lhes que ficaremos iniensamente gratos pelas atencbes que the dispensarem.

Aproveitamos a oportunidade para agradecer-lh.es antecipadamente o que fizerem pelo Sr. Rocha, e subscrevemo-nos muito atenciosamente.

De VV. SS. Atos. e Obos.

Lopes, Nunes & Cia.

Joao Lopes Presidente

1•■■.■••■•■■•••••

Lopes, Nunes & Co. Rua de Madalena, 154 Lisbon, Portugal

May 2, 1965

Gomes, Lima & Co. Rua Nova dildrandega, 110 o Porto

Gentlemen:

We have the pleasure of introducing to you the bearer of this letter, Mr. Alberto Rocha, our traveling salesman, who will be visiting the principal cities of your region.

Needless to say, we shall greatly appreciate any courtesy you may extend to him.

Thanking you in advance, we remain

Very truly yours, Lopes, Nunes & Cia.

Joao Lopes President


4. INFORMAL LEERS

2 de fevereiro 1

Meu car o Jose,

Foi corn grande prazer que recebi a sua ultimo% carta. Para it direito ao assunto, you contar-lhe a grande noticia. Finalmente decidimos fazer a projetada (projectada) viagem a Lisboa, onde pretendemos ficar todo o mes de juiho.

Naturalmente Maria esti encantada, muito ansiosa de visitor o pais dos seus aYdis e de conhecer voce e sua amtivel espOsa. 2 Estou certo de que eta e Helena se dark, be al, e que aproYeitarlo ttlidas 2 as horas, visitando Os pontos de interesse 2 da cidade, e Oro esquecendo, naturalmente, as lojas, onde se dedicarAo

"arse" de fazer compras. Temos muitas coisas que comentar e espero que voce posse livrar-se de outros compromissos durante esses2 dies.

Os negOcios vio be por agora e espero que con- tinuem assim, de vento em popai 2 Na semana passada estive corn o Alberto, e 81e perguntou por voce.

Ficarei muito agradecido se voce puder reservar-nos um quarto nun hotel, pertinho do predio em que mora.

Escreva-me, contando o que teem acontecido Ultima- mente, e o que the parece esta noticia.

Mando lembrancas a Helena, e voce, receba urn abraco de (do) seu amigo

Joao

February 2

Dear Joseph,

I was very happy to get your last letter. Without further delay I'm going to spring the big news. We have finally decided to take the trip to Lisbon, where we expect to spend all of July.

Naturally, Mary is delighted, being most anxious to visit the country of her grandparents and to meet you and your charming wife. I am sure that she and Helen will get along fine and that they will put their time to good use, visiting points of interest in the city, not forgetting, of course, the shops, where they can practice their shopping "art" We have much to talk about and I hope you will be able to free yourself of other engagements during that period.

Business is good now and I hope we shall continue to have smooth sailing. I saw Al last week and he asked about you.

I'd appreciate it very much if you could reserve a room for us in a hotel near the building in which you are staying.

Write, letting me know what has been going on lately and what you think of the news.

Give my regards to Helen. Yours,

John

.M1■1 ■••11,11•11,17.■•

4

Fevereiro (.

2 No accent mark in Portugal: masa, etc.


5. USEFUL PHRASES FOR CORRESPONDENCE

Dear Sir: (Your . •

; • +2

Excellency) Amigo e Senhor:

Dear Sir: Ilustrissimo Senhor:

Dear Sir: Prezado Senhor:

Dear Sir: Senhor:

Sir: Madam: Senitora: Miss: Senhorita:

Senhor Diretor:'

Dear Director:

Note: The above phrases can be used in the plural: Excelentissimos Senhores, Ainigos e Senhores, etc., and in the fetninine: Excelentissima Senhora, Amiga e Senhora, etc. They can also be used with names: Prezado Senhor Pereira: Dear Mr. Pereira:

2. Initial or opening statements: Acusamos o recebimento de (do) seu estimado favor de 12 deste 2 e aproveitamo-nos para We hereby acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 12th instant and take this opportunity to. . Agradecemos o seu atencioso favor, datado de 7 do mes corrente . We greatly appreciate your kind letter of the 7th of this month

1 Director e. 2 No accent mark in Portugal.

Cumpre-nos anunciar-lhes que . Please be advised that .

corn grande prazer que respondo sua estimada carta , I take pleasure in answering your letter . .

resposta carta de VV. SS. 1 de 28 do mes passado, cumpre-nos informar-lhes que . In answer to your letter of the 28th of last month, please be advised that... Estou em posse de (do) seu prezado favor de 22 de junho2 e cumpre-me avisa-lo que . I am in receipt of your letter of June 22 and am pleased to inform you that Muito grato ficaria a V. S. se me mandasse . I would appreciate it very much if you would send me . Recebi (a) sua estimada carta 'cle 15 do corrente e apresso-me a . I have received your letter of the 15th of this month and I hasten to . Temos a satisfacio de comunicar-lhe que . We are pleased to announce that .

• . '

3. Closing statements: More formal:

Apresento4hes os meus sinceros cumprimentos de muita estima Aproveitamos o ensejo para lhes renovarmos Os nossos protestos de elevada consideracao e estima

1 VV. SS. stands for Vossas Senhorias, "you" plural; de VV. SS. "your."

2 Junho (1).

A. FORMAL LETTERS

1. Salutations: Excelentissimo Senhor:

• • •

1. Salutations:

Amigo Carlos Meu caro Alberto Meu pre ado Amigo Minha boa Carmen

Minha filha querida Minim suerida Cecilia Prezado Amigo Prezado Alfredo Prezada Maria Querida Mamae Querida sobrinha

My friend Charles My dear Albert My dear Friend My dear("good")

Carmen My dearest daughter My dear Cecilia Dear Friend Dear Alfred Dear Mary Dearest Mother Dear Niece


Corn os nossos protestos de sincera estima e elevado apreco, 1 subscrevemo-nos

Subscrevemo-nos com alta estima e consideracAo

Note: These are roughly the equivalent of "Sincerely yours."


Note: These are usually given in the abbreviated forms given to the right; the shortened forms vary, so Obri- gado may appear as Obo., etc. The combinations also vary:

Miuito Atentos e Gratos, etc.

B. INFORMAL LETTERS More commercial:

Coin alta estima e consideracao

Desde ji, muito gratos, somos, atenciosamente

Somos corn Ode a consideracao

Note: These amount to "Very truly yours."

Corn os moss atenciosos cumprimentos . With our best regards .

Na expectativa de uma breve resposta . Hoping to hear from you soon .

Na esperanca de recebermos seas comentarios favo- ravels . Hoping to receive a favorable response .

Respeitosamente . Respectfully

The above may be followed by phrses such as the following which correspond to our "Nrry truly yours," or "Sincerely ypurs":

De Vossa Senhoria De V. S. Atento e Obrigado Ato. e Obgdo.

De Vossas Senhorias De VV. SS. Amigos e Muito Gratos Amos. e Mto. Gtos.

I No accent mark in Portugal.

2. Complimentary closings:

Abraca-o o amigo Aceite abraco muito sincero do amigo dedicado Aceite o cumprimentos sinceros do amigo Do amigo dedicado Envia-lhe um apertado abrago a sincera amiga Recebam um abrago do seu Scu amigo muito grato Um abraco do seu

Lopes, Nunes & Cia. Rua de Madalena, 154 Lisboa

Aos Srs. Gomes, Lima & Cia. Rua Nova d'Alrandega, 110

PORT 01

Joao Carlos Martins Rua Tobias Barreto, 1326 Sao Paulo, S. P.

Ilmo. Snr. Julio Matos Avenida Rio Branco, 213

RIO DE JANEIRO, Guanabara

Porto S.

Joao Santos Praia do Flamengo, 376

RIO DE JANEIRO GUANABARA

OTHER EXAMPLES

Ex o. Sr. Dr. Carlos de Silveira Praca da Se, 379

SAO PAULO, S. P.

Snra. Carmen Pereira Avenida Rui Barbosa, 322

RIO DE JANEIRO, GUANABARA


Note: These phrases above amount to "Yours," "Affectionately yours," or corresponding expressions.


• limo. Snr. Jose Pereira Martins Rua Castilho, 73

LISBOA, PORTUGAL

Ate a vista

Until I see you again Cordialmente

Cordially Seu filho mmto dedicado Your loving son

6. FORM OF THE ENVELOPE

Snrta. Maria da Silva Av. P. A. Cabral, 92

LISBOA, PORTUGAL

0517561638

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