UN-Habitat activities in Mongolia

Mongolia’s Urbanization

Urbanization Process: 1950-1990: Planned rural- to-urban migration

Ulaanbaatar: planned urban development built-up core are today

1990- present: Massive unplanned rural-to-urban migration

Dzud (2000-2001 (over 1.1 million cattle died), 2009-2010)

Government allowed free movement of population (2003)

Role of Cities in the National Economy:

Over 60% of GDP

Level of Urbanisation:

Over 68%

City of Ulaanbaatar

Established in 1639 (375 years ago) Coldest Capital City of the World

Winter temperature: in January -31.1℃ to -49.0℃

Population (2013): 43% of Mongolia’s total

1.267 million (Mongolia’s population: 2.9 million)

Urban Morphology: Built-up core area v-a-v Ger areas

Urban Morphology

UN-Habitat Projects in Mongolia

Pro-poor Ger Area Upgrading Strategy and Investment

Plan of Ulaanbaatar City (2006-2010)

Community-Led Ger Area Upgrading in Ulaanbaatar City

(2009-2013)

Community Empowerment Support to ADB TA (2012-

2014)

Guidelines for Participatory Urban Development (2013-

2014)

Community Engagement Support to Public-Private

Partnership in New Ger Area (2013-2014)

5

Develop a citywide pro-poor Ger-area Upgrading Strategy

of Ulaanbaatar City (2006 – 2010)

Conceptualization of 3 types of Ger areas Central Ger areas: redevelopment

Middle Ger areas: comprehensive upgradingJICA project

Peri-urban Ger areas: incremental upgrading

Adopted by MUB for implementation

JICA funds made available (US$5,600,000)

Ger-area Upgrading Strategy and

Investment Plan (GUSIP) by UN-Habitat

3. Community-led Ger-area

Upgrading Project

Overview of the project

Project’s goal

Improve quality of life of 50,000 residents (12,500 households) in 5

project sites selected from the middle Ger area

The residents are not only recipients but more as

resources.

They are the ones to think what they want, build

consensus and construct what they planned to do.

UN-Habitat is there to assist, facilitate and guide the

communities in doing the above.

Overview of the project (cont.)

Mobilization and organization of communities

Primary group (15 +/- households)

Primary group (15 +/- households)

Primary group (15 +/- households)

Primary group (15 +/- households)

Primary group (15 +/- households)

2 representatives

2 representatives

2 representatives

2 representatives

2 representatives

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Community-level CDC

(Community Development Council)

Representatives from

Kheseg CDC1

Representatives from

Kheseg CDC2

Representatives from

Kheseg CDC3

Sub-district-level CDC

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Kheseg CDC (47) Khoroo CDC (5) 12,581 households in total

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1. Community-based needs assessment and prioritization

Formulation of Community Action Plan by CDCs

1. Operation and Maintenance Training for CDCs

2. Community Implementation Agreement (CDCs with UN-Habitat)

3. Implementation of ground works by community members

Facilitation and guidance by Social Mobilizers

Formulation of Saving and Credit Groups

Overview of the project (cont.)

Social mobilization process

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15 community

buildings

Community centers

Kindergartens

School building

Clinic

Elderly center etc.

up

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140 community

projects

Water kiosks

Footpaths

Stairways

Street lights

Bus stops

Road improvements

Playgrounds

Footbridges

Flood channel

Landscaping etc.

52 community

councils

36 community

savings groups

4. The Way Forward

Training of government officials for replication

Application of social mobilization methodology to other

urban development/re-development initiatives

High needs for land re-adjustment in central Ger areas

Changing role of UN-Habitat in Mongolia

Mongolia becoming Middle Income Country – loan type ODA

Still high needs for soft components (legislation, management

knowhow, community social capital, etc.)

How to finance community empowerment?

Thank you for your attention!