04-atoms molecules ions etc
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
1/52
Drill:
Calculate the mass in kg of
material with a density of7.50 g/mL in a 2.0 m x 500.0
mm 4.00 x 105mm container. 1 cm3 = 1 mL
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
2/52
Chapter 2
Atoms,
Molecules, &Ions
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
3/52
Atomic Theory Elements composed of atoms
Atoms cant be changed
Compounds of multiple atoms
John Dalton
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
4/52
Conservation of MassIn ordinary chemical
reactions, matter can
be neither created nordestroyed
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
5/52
Constant
Composition
Compounds contain
elements that are alwaysin the same proportions
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
6/52
Multiple Proportions
The elements making
up a compound will
form whole numberratios
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
7/52
AtomThe smallest particle that
an element can be brokendown into and still
maintain the properties
of the element
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
8/52
Nuclear AtomProved by
Rutherford & Bohr
in the famous goldfoil experiments
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
9/52
Atomic Composition
Proton: in the nucleus
Neutron: in the nucleus
Electron: outside thenucleus
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
10/52
ProtonIn Nucleus
+1 charge
About 1 amu in mass
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
11/52
NeutronIn nucleus
Neutral in charge
Mass is about 1 amu
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
12/52
ElectronOutside the nucleus
-1 in charge
Negligible massabout 1/2000 amu
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
13/52
Electron ChargeDetermined by
Robert Milliken in
the famous oildroplet experiment
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
14/52
Drill: Convert:
1) 23 cm/ms to km/ns2) 56 mg/nL to kg/ML
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
15/52
Atomic NumberThe number of
protons in an
element
Z number
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
16/52
Mass NumberThe number of
protons and
neutrons in an atom
A - number
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
17/52
Nuclear Symbol A 4
X He Z 2
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
18/52
Isotopes
Atoms that contain the
same number of protons,but different number of
neutrons
Z constant A variable
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
19/52
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
20/52
Periodic TableGraphic representation
of all the elementsindicating size, charge,
electronic structure, &reactivity
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
21/52
PeriodsRows which
indicate energy
level or shell orsize of the atoms
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
22/52
Groups or Families
Columns which indicate
the number of electronsin the outermost energylevel determining
charge & reactivity
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
23/52
Metals
Left three quarters of
the chart
Lose electrons
Become positive
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
24/52
NonmetalsUpper right portionGain, lose, or share
electrons when theyreact
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
25/52
MetalloidsAlong the stair-steppedline from B to At
Share properties ofmetals & nonmetals
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
26/52
RadioactivityThe spontaneous
breakdown of an
unstable nucleus
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
27/52
Radioactive
Decay
Alpha radiation
Beta radiationGamma radiation
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
28/52
Alpha ParticleHelium nucleus2 protons & two neutrons
mass = 4 & charge = +2
Low penetrating power
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
29/52
Beta ParticleHigh speed electron
Mass = 0 & charge = -1
Medium penetrating power
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
30/52
Gamma RaysHigh energy
electromagnetic waveNo mass or charge
Very high penetratingpower
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
31/52
Drill:List & describeeach of the three
radioactiveparticles
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
32/52
CompoundA group of atoms
that are chemically
combined
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
33/52
MoleculeA compoundthat can exist
by itself
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
34/52
Diatomic MoleculeTwo atoms of the same
element that are
chemically combinedCl2, F2, O2
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
35/52
IonCharged Particle
Cl-1
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
36/52
Polyatomic IonA group of atoms
chemically combined
that together has a chargeSO4
-2
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
37/52
Binary CompoundA compound made up of
two elements in any ratio
NaClMg
3P
2
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
38/52
Chemical FormulaA formula that shows the
number and kinds of
atoms in a compoundCaCO3
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
39/52
Molecular Formula
A formula that shows
the number and kindsof atoms in a molecule
C6H12O6
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
40/52
Atomic StructureList & describe the
three subatomic
particles
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
41/52
Atomic StructureFill in the Chart:
Isotope protons neutrons electrons
U-235 - - -
- 56 80 -
- - 14 13
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
42/52
Calculate the atomic mass of
the element made up of thefollowing isotopes:
99.50 % H-1
0.30 % H-20.20 % H-3
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
43/52
Calculate the atomic mass of
the element made up of thefollowing isotopes:
5.0 % Pu-242, 5.0 % Pu-243
80.0 % Pu-244, &10.0 % Pu-245
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
44/52
Determine the number
of of atoms in each
compoundC6H12O6 NaNO3
H3PO4 Al2(SO4)3
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
45/52
List & describe
each of the three
types of radiation
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
46/52
Chapter 2 GeneralDefine all the Key
Terms on page 48
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
47/52
Nuclear SymbolsWork problems:
11 - 18
on page 50
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
48/52
Nuclear SymbolsWork problems:
19 - 24
on page 50
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
49/52
Elements & PTWork problems:
27 - 88
on page 51
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
50/52
NomenclatureWork problems:
45 - 48
on page 51
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
51/52
-
7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
52/52
NomenclatureWork problems:
55 & 56
on page 52