I

552.6 0200

... 40 ........ ......

A GUIDE

Tv THE

COLLECTION OF METEORITES

IN THE

DEPARTMENT OF MINERALOGY

IN

THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY),

CROMWELL ROAD, SOUTH KENSINGTON.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

1882.

P 22250

TABLE OF CONTENrrS.

:: 9

On Meteorites .

Catalogue of the Collection :-1. AERO&IDERITES

II. AEROSIDEROLITES

III. AEROLITES.

Ind,ex to the Collection .

PAHllS

5

23

27

28

35

The Collection of Meteorites will be found on the First Floor, in the

Pavilion at the end of the Mineral Gallery: the smaller specimens are

arranged in the two central table·cases, and the larger ones on separate

stands.

The position of any Meteorite of which a name is known can be found

by help of the Alphabetical Index and of the Catalogue.

568577

ON l\lETEORITES.

The Capitals rifer to cOITespondin.!J Letters on the Cases, and iudicate tlie pal,ticulll1' llane of glalSs behind which a portion of the or(r;illal JIeteorite zedl befoulld. The Numbers rifer to those in the first c07umn of thc Gllta70.!Jue, pa.r;cs 23-34, and also to correspond­in, If iYumbers p7aced with the specimens.

TILL the beginning of the present century, the fall of stones from the sky seemed an event so strange that neither scientific men nor the mass of the people could be brought to credit its possibility. Such faJls are, indE'ed, recorded by the early w)'itE'J's of lllany nations, Hebrew, Chinese, Greek and Roman; hut the ,,'itnesses of these events bave been in general laughed at for their delusions: perhapfl this is less to be wondered at when ,'Ie remember that the witnesses of a fall have been usually few in llumber, unaccustomed to exact observation, and have had a common tendency towards exaggeration and superstition.

The oldest undoubterl sky-stone at present known is that which, though after the Revolution removed for a time to the Library at Colmar, is once more suspended by a chain from the vault of the choir of the parish church of Ensisheim in Elsass (V 135). The following is a translated extract from a document kept in the church ;-

"On the 7th of November, 1492, a singular miracle hap­pened: for between 11 and 12 in the forenoon, with a loud crash of thunder and a lasting noise heard afar off, there fell in the to.wn of Ensisheim a stone weighing 2 (j 0 poumls. I t was seen by 3. child to strike the ground in a fidd near the cn.nton called OiSglWd, where it made a bole of' more than five feet deep. It WW:l traIlspOl'ted to the church as a mira­clllouR object. The noiRe was hea.rd so distinctly at Lucerne, Villing, and many other places, that in each it was thought that f>omc lJOm,es had fallen. King

(j

Mnxilllilian, who was then at Ensisheim, had the stone c~tt'ried to the castle, and after breaking olr two pieces, one for the Duke Sigismund of Austria, and the other for himself, forbade further damage, finally ordering the stone to 1e suspended in the chur.~h."

A still older ::;tone, of which the history goes back far beyond the seventh century, is reverenced by the Moslems a~ one of their holiest relics, and is preserved at Mecca built into the north-eastern corner of the wall of the Kaaba. Tbe late Paul Partsch, for many years Keeper of the Minerals in the Imperial Museum of Vienna, considered that the meteoric origin of this stone was sufficiently proved by information which had been submitted to him.

Three French Academicians, one of whom was the after­wards renowned chemist Lavoisier, presented to the Academy in 1772 a report on the analysis of a stone said to have been seen to fall at Luce on September 13,1768(0141). Asthe identity of lightning with the electric spark had been recently established by Franklin, they were in advance convinced that ' thunder-stones' existed only in the imagination; and never dreaming of the existence of a 'sky-stone' which had no relation to a 'thunder-stone,' they somewhat easily assured both themselves and the Acarlemy that there was nothing unusual in the mineralogical character of the Luce specimen, their opinion being that it was an ordina.ry stone which had been struck by lightning.

In 1794 the German philosopher Chladni, famed for his researches into the laws of sound, brought together numerous accounts of faJls from t,he sky, and called the attention of the scientific world to the fact that several masses of iron, of which he specially mentiolls two, had in all probability come from outer space to this planet.

One of these is the now famous mass known as the Palla;;­iron (K 121). This irregular ma;.;s, weighing 1 5 OOlbs., of which the greater part is now ill the Museum nt St. Petel"sburg, was met with at Krasllojm':-;k by the traveller Palla;.; in tile year 1772, :tIld Imcl been found Oil the :mriil(!c of Mount Kelllir~, betWl'PIl Krasnojar;;k and Abekansk in Siberia, ill the mit/:-;t of

7

t;chistose mountains: it was regarded by the Tm·tal's as a , holy thing f<tllen from heaven.' The interior is composed of a ductile iron, which, though brittle at a high temperature, can he forged either cold or at a moderate heat: its large sponge­like pores are filled with an amber-coloured olivine: the texture is uniform, and the olivine equally distributed: a vitreous varnish preserved it from rust.

A second specimen referred to is that which in 1783 Don Rubin de Celis was sent to investigate; iJ. had been found by Indians, roving in search of honey and wax and trusting to min for drink, in the Gran Chaco Gualamba, near Otumpa, ill the province of Tucuman, South America (No.2), and was at first thought to he an iron mine. Don Rubin de Celis estimated the weight of this mass of malleable iron at thirty thousand pounds, and reported that for a hundred leagues aroulld there were neither iron mines nor mountains nor even the smallest stones, while from want of water the dis­trict was uninhabited. A specimen (weighing 1400 lbs.) of the iron of this locality is placed on a marble pedeBtal in the Pavilion.

Chladni argued that these masses could not have been fOl'll:ed in the wet way, for they had evidently been exposed to fire and slowly cooled: that the absence of scorire in the neighbourhood, the extremely hard and pitted crust, the ductility of the iron, and, in the case of the Siberian mass, the regular distribution of tbe pores and olivine, precluded the theory that they could have been formed where found, whether by man, electricity, or an accidental conflagration: he was driven to conclude that they had both been formed else. where and pr~jected to the places where they were discovered; and as no volcanoes had been known to eject masses of iron, and ml, moreover, no volcanoes are to be met with in those regions, he held that the specimens referred to must have actwt!ly fallen from the sky. Further, he sought to show that the fall of a heavy body from the sky wat> the direct cause of the luminous phenolllenon known as a fire-ball.

Ahout Heven o'clock on the evening of June 1G, 1794, as if to direct attcntion to Chladni's theory, there fell quite a shower of t>tones at Siena, in Tuscany (n. 14G). The

8

event is described in the following letter to the Earl of Bristol, written from Siena on July 12, 17 !H, by Sir William Hamil­ton, ICB., F.R.S., at that time Bl'iti~h Envoy-Extraordinary and Plenipotentia.ry at the Court of Kaples :-

"In the midst of a most violent thunderstorm, about a dozen stones of vnl'ious weights and dimensions fell at the feet of different persons, men, women, and children. The stones are of a qunlity not found in any part of the Siennese territory: they fell about 18 hours after the enormous eruption of Mount Vesuvius: which circulllstance leaves a choice of diffi­culties ill the solution of this extraonlinary phenome­non. Either these stones have been generatecl in tLis igneous mass of clouds which produced such unusual thunder, or, wbich is equally incredible, they were thro\Yl1 from Vesuvius, at a distance of at leaDt 250 miles: judge, then, of its parabola. The philosophers here incline to the first solution. I wish mllch, Sir, to know your sentiments. ~ly first objection was to the fact itself, but of this there are so many eyewit­nesses it seems impossible to withstand their evi­dence."

Soon after there fell a stOlle in England itself About three o'clock in the afternoon of December 13, 179.5, a labourer 'working near Wold Cottage, Thwing, Yorkshire (Z 147), was terrifled to see a stune fall about ten yards from where he was standing. The stone, weighing .5 G Ibs., was found to have gone through 12 inches of soil and 6 inches of solid chalk rock. No thunder, lightning, or luminolls meteor accompanied the fall; but in the adja.cent villages there was heard an explosion likened by the inhabitants to the firing of guns at sea, while in two uf them the sounds were :';0 distinct of somethillg singular passing throngh the ail' towards Wold Cottagp, that five or six people went up to ~ee if anything extmol'llinal'Y had happened to the house or grounds. No Citonc of the kind was knowll in the country.

It seemed to be now ill1po~sil)le for 1Wy one to douht the fall of stones from the sky, l!l1t the reluctance of sc:ielltific

men to grant an extra-terrestrial origin to them is shown by the theories referred to in the above letter of Sir "\-V. Ha,mil­ton, and is rendered even more evident by the theory pro­po,"ed in 1796 by Edward King, who suggested tbat the stones had their origin in· the condensation of a cloud of aRhes, mixed with pyritica,l dust and numerous particles of iron, coming from some volcano. As the stones fell at Siena, from a cloud coming from the N ol'th, wbile Vesuvius is really to the South, he gravely suggested that in this case the cloud had been blown from the South past Siena, and bad then before its condensation been brought back hy a change of wind. As to the fall of a stone near Wold Cottage, he was not prepared either to believe or disbelieve the witnesses until the matter bad been more closely examined; but in case the statements should prove worthy of credit, he points out the possibility of a cloud having come from MOUllt Hecla in Icehmd.

I,ater came a well-authenticated account of a more won­derful event still. At 8 o'clock on the evrning of December 19,1798, many stones fell at Krakhut, 14 miles from Ben ares, in India (S 150); the sky was perfectly serene, not a cloud having bern seen since Decem bel' lIth, and llone being seen for many days after. According to the observations of several Europeans, as well as natives, in different parts of the country, the fall of the stones was preceded by the appearance of a ball nf fin, lasting for only a few instants, and accompani('d hy an explosion resembling thunder.

Fragments of the stones of Siena, Wold Cottage, and Benares, as also of a stone said to have fallen on J Illy 3, 17.5 3, at TaLol', in Bohemia (Q 138), came into tile hands of Edward Howard, and the comparative results of a chemical and mineralogical inveHtigation (the latter by the Count de BoUl'­nOll) of the.~e four stones are given in a paper read before the Royal Society OIl 25th February, 1802. Howard COll­

cludes :t8 follow" ;-"The mineralogical descriptions of (the Luc(~ stone by)

tIle French Academicians, of (the Ensisheim stone by) M. Barthold, and of (the above four stones by) the Count de Bournon, all exhibit a striking conformity

II

10

of character common to each of these stones, and I doubt not but the similarity of component parts, especially of t.he malleable alloy, together with the near approach of the constituent proportions of the earth contained in each of the four stones, will estab­lish very strong evidence in favour of the assertion that they have fallen on our globe. They have been found at places very remote from each other, and at periods also sufficiently distant. The mineralogists who have examined them agree that they have no resemblance to mineral substances properly so called, nor have they been described by mineralogical authors."

This paper stirred up much interest in the scientific world, and, though Chladni's theory that such stones came from outer space was still not accepted by it, belief therein was rendered more possible after Laplace had shown that a body shot from the moon in the direction of the earth, with an initial velocity of 7592 feet per second, would not fall back upon the moon, but would actually, after a journey of sixty-four hours, reach the earth, upon which, neglecting the resistance of the air, it would fall with a velocity of about 31,508 feet per second.

Whilst the minds of the philosophers were in this unsettled condition, there came a report that still another shower of stones had fallen, this time in France, and within easy reach of Paris. To settle the matter finally, if possible, the physicist Biot, Member of the French Academy, was directed by the Minister of the Interior to inquire into the evellt upon the spot. After careful investigation of the whole of the pheno­menon, Biot was convinced that-

1. On Tuesday, April 26, 1803, about 1 P.M., there was a violent explosion in the neighbourhood of l' Aigle, in the department of Orne, lasting for five or six minutes: this was heard for a distance of 75 miles round.

2. Some moments before the explosion at l'Aigle, a fire­ball in quick motion was seen from several of the adjoining towns, though not from l' Aigle itself

11

:1. The explosion was due to the bursting of the fire-ball. 4. There was absolutely no doubt that on this day many

stones fell in the neighbourhood of l'Aigle (T 151). Biot estimated the number of the stones at two or three

thousand: they fell within an ellipse of which the larger axis was 6'2 miles, and the smaller 2'5 miles, and this inequality would indicate not a single explosion but a series of them. With the exception of a few little clouds of ordinary character, the sky was quite clear.

The exhaustive report of Biot, and the conclusive nature of his proofs, compelled the whole of the scientific world to recognize the fall of stones on the earth from outer space as an undoubted fact.

Since that date many falls have been observed, and the attendant phenomena carefully investigated. These observa­tions teach us that mete01'ites, as they are now called, fall at all times of the day and night, and at all seasons of the year, while they favour no particular latitudes: also they are found to be quite independent of the weather, and in many cases have fallen when the sky has been perfectly clear: even where stones have fallen in what has been called a thunder­stonn, we may reasonably suppose that the luminous pheno­mena have been mistaken for lightning, and the noise of the explosion for thunder.

It is found that meteorites enter the atmosphere with planetary velocities rangillg from 10 to 45 miles per second. Let us attempt to follow the course of such a body. So long as the body is moving through 'empty space' the only heat it receives will be that sent direct from the sun; the meteo;:ite will thus be probably very cold, and, from its size and want of luminosity, invisible to an observer on the em-th's surface. A very speedy change must take place. Assuming the h.w of resistance of the air for a planetary velocity to be the same as that deduced from experiments with artillery, the astronomer Schiaparelli has shown that if a ball of H inches diameter and 321 1b8. weight enter the atmosphere with a velocity of 44~ miles a second, its velocity on arriving at a point where the barometric pressure is still only 7··~ a-th of that at the earth's surface will have

B 2

been already reduced to 3 ~ miles a second. From this it is clear that the speed of the meteorite after the whole of the atmm,phere has IJeell traversed will be extremely small, and comparable with that of an orJinary falling boJy. FroIO experiment.s la,tely tmtde by Professor A. S. Herschel, it has been calculated that the velocit.y of the meteorite which fell at Middlesborough, in Yorksbire (R 3:)1), on March 14, 1881, W·IS, on striking the ground, only 412 feet per second.

Further, Schiaparelli points out that in the case supposed, the energy alrea.dy converted into heat would be sufficient to raise 198,400 pounds of water from freezing point to boiling point under the ordinary barometric pressure. The greater part of this heat is, no doubt, carried off by the air through which the meteorite passes; but still the wonder is, not that it

meteorite is small on reachillg the earth's snrf,lce, but that any of it is left to C tell the tale.' This sudden generation of heat will cause a fusion and volatilisation of the surface-matter of the meteorite, and in some cases acorn bustion of some of itA constituents: the products of this action sufficiently account for the clond from which a meteorite is generally seen to emerge as also for tbe train often left behind. Owing to the quick reduction of speed, the luminosity will be a feature of the bighcT part of the course. The Orgueil meteorite of May 14, 1864 (Y 294), notwithstanding its easterly motion, was Bern over a space of country rallging from the Pyrenees to the north of Paris, a distance of more than 300 miles.

Next we may remark that the time of flight in tbe earth's ntmosphere will be very short, and reckoned only by second". Even in the case where the matter is so good a conductor of heat as iron, if we may judge from the time one end of It

poker may be held in the hand whilst the other end is in the fire, the heat will not have haJ time to get far below the sur­face before the body has reaebed the ground. In filet, even with the advantage of the fresh generation of be<1t which takes place on the sml(len stoppage by impact 011 the earth, meteorites are sometimes so cold that thcT canllot be handled i Ililoediately after their fall. This wa" the case with the Dllllrmfiala meteorite of July 14, IRGO (W 282).

As a [liatter of filet, IIletcoritcs arc illvnri;dlly found to be

1·, .)

c(}wred with a Cl'Ulit or varnish, the thinness of wlJich shows the tllight depth to which the heat has had time to penetrate. The appearance of this crust varies according to the mineral constitution of the meteorites: it is gE'nerally black as in \Y old Cottage (Z 1-:10 7), often a shiny black, as in Stannern (X 163), and sometimes of a grey colour, as in Durala (0 180).

III the case of the Pultusk meteorite of Jamlary 30, 1868 (V 312), several thoust~nds of stones, varying from the size of an orange to that of a nut, were picked up, each covered with a crust. In the Museum of Stockholm there are perfect little meteorites covered with crust, which weigh no more than a single grain; they were gathered out of the snow after the Hessle fall of January I, 1S69 (V 321).

The crust is not of equal thickness over the whole of the meteoritE', but, owing to the motion through the air, is gene­rally in ridges and /U1'TOU'S, of which the directions indicate the position of the meteorite in regard to its line of motion at a certain part of its course; and this relation is rendered more cle:tr by the position of the s~v6llings produced by the flow of the liquid material to the back of the moving mass. :Meunier grants that this crust is due to the action of heat, but considers that the action is direct, and not through fusion: he holds that only the OUGer surface of the crust itself has been melted and that the furrows and swellings are due to the scooping action of the air through w hicb the mE'teorite at first rUBhes with W E'normous a velocity. The N edagoJla iron (J 106) and the Goalpara stone (Y 311) illustrate this peculiarity.

Further, the surface of a meteorite is generally covered with llitti11gli which have been compared to thumb-marks; the Parnallee (NZ 263), and. the Pultusk (V 312) present good examples of this cllaracter. It is remarkable that pittings bea,ring a close resemblance to those of meteorites have been observed on the large partially burned grains of gUIIJlowder which have been picked. up near the muzzle after the firillg of the 35-ton and SO-ton guns at Woolwich. The pitting of the gunpowder grains is attributed to unequal combustion, but that of meteorites i-leems to be due not so

1-1<

much to inequality of combustibility as to that of conduc­tivity and fusibility of the matter on the surface.

The sudden generation of heat, and the consequent expan­sion of the outer shell, account not only for the break-up of the meteorite into fragments, but also for the crash like that of thunder which is a usual accompaniment of the fall. Haidinger was, however, inclined to refer this noise, not to the fracture, but to the sudden collapse of the vacuum which is so quickly left behind in the early part of the course. In the consideration of this question the Butsura fall of 12th May, 1861 (PQ 283), is particularly interesting. The explosions, in this case three in number, were heard 60 miles away at Goruckpur. Fragments of the stone were picked up three or four miles apart, and, wonderful to say, it was possible to reconstruct with much certainty the portion of the meteorite of which they are the part. Two of them, in other respects fitting perfectly together, are even on the faces of the junction now coated with a black crust, showing that one disruption took place when the meteorite had a high velocity; two other fragments found some miles apart fitted perfectly, and were neither of tbem incrusted at tbe surface of fracture, tbus indicating another disruption at a time when the velocity of the meteorite bad been so far reduced that tbe surface could no longer be liquefied through the generation of beat. Some­times, as at Orgueil, tbe fragments reach the ground before tbe sound of the explosion is heard, proving that the break­up has taken place while the velocity of the meteorite was considerably higher than that of the sound vibrations (11 00 feet a second).

After the explosion are generally heard sounds which have been variously likened to the flapping of the wings of wild geese, to the bellowing of oxen, to the roaring of a fire in a chimney, to the noise of a carriage on the pavement, and to the tearing of calico: these sounds are probably due to the rush of the fragments through the air in the neighbourhood of the observers.

As to the natU1"e of the 'I'Ilatter of which these meteorite"! are composed, about 24, ano those the most common, of the

15

64- elements at present recognised as constituents of the earth's crust have been met with, while no new element has been discovered. The most frequent are Iron, Magnesium, Silicon, Oxygen, and Sulphur; next follow Aluminium, Cal­cium, Nickel, Carbon and Phosphorus; while in smaller quantity occur Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Lithium, Sodium, Potas­sium, Titanium, Chromium, Manganese, Cobalt, Copper, Arsenic, Antimony, Tin, and Chlorine. All of these are met with in the combined state, but some, among which may be mentioned Iron Carbon and Sulphur, are present also in the elementary condition. Of the compounds found in meteorites, the following are as yet new to terrestrial mineralogy :-Variolls alloys of ni.ckel and i1'on; Tl'oilite, or ferrous sulphide FeS; Oldlwmite, or calcium sulphide CaS; Osbm'nitc, a titlwiulll-calcium sulphide; Daub?'eclite, a compound analogous to chromite, and having the formula (Fe,Cr):lS4; Lawrencite, or ferrous chloride; Asrnanite, a rhombic variety of silica; .ft[ askelynite, a cubic labradorite dis­covered by Tschermak ; and different varieties of 8ch?'eibe?'site, containing phosphides of nickel and iron. Of the above, it is held by some that the troilite is identical with some varieties of terrestrial magnetic pyrites, and that the asmanite dis­covered by Maskelyne is the same as the terrestrial tridymite, the optical propertif's and the crystalline form of which, a:-; then known, were quite different from those observed in asmanite. The other compounds observed in meteorites are found also among terrestrial minerals; they are, magnetic pyrites, magnetite, chromite, tin oxide, varieties of olivine, bronzite and augite, enstatit.e, anorthite, and perhaps also labradorite. The investigation of the nature of the minerals of which mete­orites are composed has received a great impetus through the work done upon the specimens in this Museum by the late Keeper Professor N. S. Maskelyne with the assistance of Dr. Walter Flight.

For the purpose of classification meteorites may be con­veniently arrangeu in three groups, which pass more or less gradually into each other: the first includes all those which consist mainly of iron, and have, therefore, been called aeTosi­(lel"itel) (sky-irons), or, more shortly, side'I'ites)' the second is

l(i

formed by tllO~e which are composed of iroll and stone, both in large quantity, and are called ae1'osid';rolitcs (sky-iron­stones), or, shortly, siclcl'oZites; while tllOse of the last group, being almost wholly of stone, are called aerolites (sky-stone,;).

In the a€rosiderites the iron generally varies from 80 to 95 pel' cent" the nickel from 6 to 10 per cent. ; in the Morro do Ricio iron (J HH1) 34, and in tlmt of Oktibbeha County (G (4) as much as 60 per cent. of nickel have been found: the nickel is in part at least alloyed with iron, and several of these alloys have been distinguished by special names. There are also frequently present troilite in veins or large nodules, sometimes surrounded by graphite, carbon in combination with the iron, and also schreibersite and daubreelite. Further, the researches of Berzelius, Boussinga1l1t, Graham and Mallet have proved the presence of the gases hydrogen, nitrogen and the carhonic oxides occluded in the iron; Dr. Walter Flight has lately shown that the gases occluded in the Rowton iron (J 110) would under normal temperature and pressure have a volume upwards of six times that of the meteorite itself. The want of homogeneity in meteoric iron is beautifully shown by the' \Yidmanstiitten' figures called into existence when a poJi~hed surface is exposed to the action of acids or bromine; they are due to the unequal action on the various constituents, and are formed by layers of schreibersite and of tamite, one of the alloys of nickel and iron; see Zlcatecas (C 6), Lockport (C 14) and Seneca River (E 49).

The aerosiderite;; actually observecl to fall reach only tIle RlIlall num LeI' of six; they are, Agram (B 1), Charlotte CD 27), Braunau (E 43), Tabar,,; (F (0), Nedagolla (J 106), and Rowton (J 110); besides these, there are two others, of which the dates of fall are doubtful. The remaining specimens in collection,s of ael'osidel'ites are presumed to be of meteoric origin by reason of their peculiar appeamnce [J nd composition, and of circumstances connected with tile locality in which they ll:lve been found. The difficulty of distingui::;hing an iron of t(>lTestrial froIll one of meteoric origin has been lately ren­dered more evidcllt by the controversy as to the origin of the large masses of iron, containing 011e or two per cent. of uickel, and weighing 9,000, 20,000, and ;)0,000 Ib". rC:-il'cc-

17

tively, founel in 1870 by Profesoor Norelenskiold on the beach at Ovifak, Dioko Island, Western Greenland (L 103). A careful examination of the rocks of the neighbourhood shows that the basalt, contains nickeliferous iron disseminated through it, aud that the large masses, at first thought to be meteorites, are very probably of terrestrial origin, and have been left exposed upon the sea-shore through the weathering of the rock which Ol·iginally enclosed them. Malleable metallic nodules extracted from the rock itself were found to contain as much as 6·5 per cent. of nickel. Some assert that the basalt and the nickel-iron have been expelled together from great depths below the earLh's surface, while others eonsider that the nickel-iron is due to the reduction of the Lasalt in its pa,"sage through the beds of lignite and other vegetable matter found in the vicinity.

The minerals forming the stony part of the siderolites and aerolites are almost entirely crystalline, and in most cases present a peculiar 'chOlldritic' or granular structure, the loosely coherent, grains being composed of minerals similar to those which enclose them, and containing at times minute particles of iron disseminated through them. The minerals mentioned above as occurring in meteoritt's are such as are very characteri::;tic of the more basic terrestrial rocks which have been brought from considerable depths bt'low the earth's surface. Several attempts to dassify aerolites according to their lllineralcigical constitution have been made, but it can­not Le Enid that any of them ii> very satisfactory: seeing that even in the sallie stone there may be l1luch difference in its parts a perfect classification on such a basis is scarcely to Le hopeel for. About nine out of every ten of the stOlly llIt'teorites belong to a group to which Rose has given the naltle of Chondrites: tlH'ir crust is Llack and always dull; the fracture is grey and is rough to the touch: they present a very fine-grained Lut crystalline matrix or paste consi:oting of ]lickel-iron, troilite, ciJromite, a soluble "iii cute (olivine) and an insoluble silicate (approaching to augite or enstatite); through tllis paste lLre disseminatrd ' CI](JllU m ' or Ii ttle spheres of various flizes and consisting principally of the insoluble silicate: see Wold Cottage (Z It7), P,Lrnallee (N,Z 263).

c

IS

Perhaps for those n.el'olites which contain little or no nickel­iron the divieion into Howanlites, Eukrites, Chlaonites, Chas­signites, Shalkites, and Carbonaceous is the most convenient. The J-Io?~uardites have a shiny crust, and are composed of a mixture of olivine and triclinic fdspar, with a little chromite and nickel-iron: examples of these are Luotolax (W 174), Bialystock (W 203), Frankfort (W 319).

The Euk?'ites also have a sbiny crust, but contain more alumina and lime and less magnesia than do the other aerolites; they consist of a mixture of augite and anorthit.e, 'with a little troilite and very little nickel-iron: as examples may be cited J uvinas (X 188), Stanneru (X 16 :3), and Jonzac (X 185).

The Chladnites contain bronzite or enstatite, and occa­sionn.lly augite; also small quantities of nickel-iron, troilite, osbornite, chromite, with occasional oldhamite: examples are Bishopville (Y 231) and Bustee (Y 253).

The Ohassignites consist principally of olivine rich in iron and enclosing chromite: see ChassiglJy (W 181) and Mane­gaum (W 233).

'fbe Shalkites are a small-grained mixture of olivine, enstatit,e and chromite : see Shalka (X 246).

The Caruonaceov,s consist of olivine and enstatite, enclos­ing more or leE'S of nickel-iron, sulphur, carbon, troilite, chromite and hydrocarbons. Meteorites of this class must clearly have been cold on entering the atmosphere. For f;pecimens of carbonaceous meteorites see Alais (Y 159), Cold Bllkkeveldt (Y 223), Kaba (Y 2(6), and Orgueil (Y 29.J<).

The importance of the examination and classification of meteorites with a view to a possible recognition of ]Je?viodicity of fall need only be mentioned to be appreciated: such a determination is, however, rendered very difficult by the close >-:illlilarity of structure and cOIllPosition preselltell by large gl'OUpS, tiueIt as the CllOlldl'itic.

Attention has ueell already llirectl'd to the fact that although Inany metforic iron~, HOllie of them like tbat of Crall­LOllme (No. 77) weighing :;eveml tOIl~, have Leen found at various parts of the eartIt's f;urfacl', vcry fl'w of thl'1ll Im"e be!:'ll ae(ually ob~{'rved to f:tll: ill the cmwof th" stOll)' IIId('orites

I ~

jllst tilt:' opposite holds good, for they are never very large, ann few are known which have not an authenticated date offal!. This may be due to the fact that a meteoric stone is less easily distinguished than is a meteoric iron from terrestrial stones, and will thus in most C;lses remain unnoticed unless actually i"pen to f~Lll; while, further, a quick decompobition and dis­integration must set in on exposure to atmospheric influences. The smaller size of the meteoric stones may be due to the greater ease with which they break up on the sudden increase of tempernture of their outer surface consequent on their entry into the ellrth's atmosphere. The largest meteoric stone known is that of Knyahinya (0 307), weighing 647 Ibs. ; it is preserved in the Vienna Museum.

If we now examine more closely the forms ill which the yarions components of the meteoric stones present themselves, it will be seen that in the large group of Chondri tic aerolites the chondrll or grains, of which some can only be seen under the microscope whilst others reach the size of a cherry, nppear to have attained to their present form not by a process of crystallisation but by one of friction, and tlmt the matrix or paste in which the chrondra are enclosed is apparently made up of minute splinters, probably due to the wearing down of the chondra themselves. Such aerolites bear a Htrong struc­tllml likeness to volcanic tuffs, and as they contain no trace of vitreous rock nor yet any distinct crystals, they are quite different in character from the volcanic lavas.

Since the time of their formation some meteoric stones, as Tadjera (T 309) appear to have been heated throughout their mass to a high temperature: and in Orvinio (V 832) and Chantonnay (W 172) fragments are cemented together with a material having the same composition, thus giving rise to a structure resembling that of a volcanic breccia. Others kf'em to have experienced a chemical change, for in Knyahinya (0 307) and in Mezo-Madaras (T 251) the chondra are fonnd to he sl1rrounded by spherical and concentric aggrega­tions of minnte particles of nickel.iron, perhaps due to the reducing action of hydrogen at It high temperature. Other~, as Chateau-Renard (X 228), Pultusk (V 312), and Ales­sandria (P 278), present what in terrestrial rock" would

probably be called faults: in some cases the fissures are seen to have been filled with a fused mnterial after the spherules have been broken nnd one side of the fissure has glided along the other. These peculiarities of structure would indicate that the small body \"hich reaches the earth is only a minute fragment of a much larger mass.

As to the conditions under which compounds Ruch as have been mentioned as occurring in meteorites, can have been formed, we may assert that they must have been very different from those which at present obtain near the earth's surface: in fact, it is difficult to imagine that the unstable sulphides can eit,her have been formed or have remained un­decomposed under circumstances in which water and atmo. spheric air have played any prominent part. Still, what little we do know of the inner part of our globe does not shut out the possibility of the existence of similar compound and elementary bodies at great depths below the surface. Daubn3e, after experiment, inclines to the belief that the iron is due, in many cases at least, to reduction from an olivine rich in diferrous silicates, and this view acquires some additional probability from the presence of the g;tses hydro­gen and carbonic oxide in several meteoric irons: the existence however, of such siderolites as that of Krasnojarsk (K 121), which is still rich in ferruginous olivine and yet presents no traces of the intermediate magnesium silicate (enstatite), offers a weighty objection to the general application of this view.

We must now briefly refer to the theories which have been framed to explain the origin of these bodies. The old theories that they are ordinary stones struck by lightning, or carried to the sky by a whirlwind, or are concretions in the atmo­Rphere, or are due to the condensation of a cloud coming from some volcano, or have been shot recently from terrestri~1l volcanoes, are all seen to be quite inconsistent with later ob­Rervation. The f)uggestion of Laplace that they come from modern volcanoes -of the moon, although mathematically ~ound, has no physical basis, for, so far as one can discover, acti ve volcanoes do not exist: and Prof. R. S. Ball has virtually excluded the ancient volcanoeH by pointing out that if a Innnl' projectile once misses the earth its chance of ever reaching it

21

is too small to be worthy of mention. N or is it proba,ble that they are portions of a lost satellite of the earth or are one to a collision of two planets, for in each of these cases we should expect to have received some of the larger frag­ments which must at the smne time have been produced. It has further been shown that, although the explo::;ive force necessary to carry a rrojectile so fin from one of the slllaller planets that it would not return, iR not very large, yet the initial velocity requisite to carry the body as far as the earth's orbit is so considerable and the chance of hittill~ the earth so slight that a more probable hypothesis i~, to say the least, desirable. If these bodies have been shot from vol­canoes, Mr. Ball is himself inclined, upon mechanical grounds alone, to believe that the projection took place in bygone ages from the volcanoes of our own planet; for as such a pro­jeetile, having once got away from the earth, would take up a path round the sun which would intersect that of the earth, everyone of them would have a chance of some time or other meeting it again at this point of intersection alld of appearillg as a meteorite.

The high velocities and the peculiar motions of these bodie:=; are, however, not consistent with any of the theories which would confine them to the solar system. Their origin must, therefore, be assigned to that convenient part of space called interstellar, of which nothing is known; if at any time a real connection can be traced between meteorites and shooting stars, we may begin to hope for a solution of this difficult problem.

To those who may wish to inquire more closely into the questions :=;uggested by the preceding pages the following are a few of the publication8 which lIlay be recommended for perusal;-

CHLADNI (E. F. F.)-Ueber den Ursl'rung del' von Pallas entdeckten Eisenmasse, unci einige damit in Verbinduug ~tehende N aturerscheinllng(~Il. BiZga uud Le/iJ)zig, ] 794.

KING (E. )-Rernarks concerning :=;tones said to IH1ve fallen from the clouds both in theRe dap <tlld in ancient times. London, 1796.

22

HOWARD (E.)-Experiment.s aod observation~ on certain stolles Jlnd metallic sub!ltan~s, which at different timeR are said to have fallen from the clouds. Tnmsactions of the Royal Society, 25th Feb., 1802.

]ZARN (J.)-Des pierres tom bees du ciel, ou lithologie at· mospllerique. Pam, 1803.

BlOT (J. B.)-Relation d'un voyage fait dans Ie Dep. de rOrne, pour constater Ill. rea!ite d'un met.eore observe it. I'Aigle, Ie 26 Avril, l803. Memoires de l'lnstitut, 7, ] R03.

BIGOT DE MOROGUF.8 (P. M. S.)-Memoire historique et physique sur les chutes des pietres tomb6es SUI' la surface de la terre. Orleans,] 812.

BUCHNER (O.)-Die Meteoriten in SammlutJgen: ihre Gescbichte, mineralogische und chemi~che Beschaffenheit. Leipzig, 1863.

RoSE (G.)-Bescbreibung und Eintheilung der Meteoriten auf Grund der Sammlung im Minel'alogischen Museum zu Berlin. Berlin, 1864.

RAMMELSBERG (C. F.)-·Die chemische Natur der Meteor­iten. Berlin, 1870.

MEUNIER {S.)-CoUI'S de geologie comparee. Pam, 1874. MASKELYNE (N. S.)-!:')ome lecture.notes on meteorites.

Nature, vol. xii., 1875,pp. 485, 505,521. TSCHERMAK (G.)-'l'he formation of meteorites, and vol.

canie agency (transIAtE-d from the German by Dr. ·.Walter Flight). Lond., Edin., and Dub. Philosophical Magazine 1876, page 497.

D,AUBREE (A.)-Etudes syntM~iques de geologie expeli­mentale. Paris,] 879.

NEWTON (H. A.)-Relation of meteorites and comets. Nature, ] 879, p. 315.

BALL (R. S. )-Speculations on the source of meteorites. Nature, 1879, p. 493.

Jul.¥ I, 1882. L. FI~ETCHER.

CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTION OF METEORITES,

The numbers in the first column refer to corresponding numbers placed with the specimens.

The letters in the second column refer to corresponding letters on the cases, and indicate the particular pane of glass behind which the meteorite will be founel,

\Veights under one gram are not given. 1,000 grams are equivalent to 2 '205 lbs.

I. AEROSIDERITES

(OR SKY-IRONS).

--'--- . ------,-~--

0 <Ii Date of fall or finel.1 Weight in \ " Name of fall and locality, Z '" grams. p.. ----

~ -B Agram (Hraschina), Croatia Fell Mayz6, 17 5 I I 282'3

2 Tucuman (Otumpa, Gran Chaco I

Gualamba), Argentine Republic, 1 637,000'0 S. America Found 1783

Toluca,

} M"i'~ (9 1 ,00 7'0

Ixtlahuacca, j ',w<", 3 B Xiquipilco, " 1784 18'2

Tejupilco, ,19°'0, Ocatitlan, . 9.43 1 '51

4 B Sierra Blanca, Guyaquilla, Mexico " 1784 16'0 I

5 C Bahia (Bemdeg6), Brazil " 178 4 2,21$'0 6 B Zacatecas, Mexico

" 1792 3,846 '9 7 B Cape of Good Hope (between Sun-

day and Bushman Rivers), Natal, South Africa 1793 328 7

8 B Elbogen, Bohemia. 18I! 94'8 9 C Durango, Mexico

" I8n 44°'0

10 C Bitburg, Eifel, Rhenish Prussia " 1814 1,297'0

I I C Red River, Texas, U.S.A. 1814 4 24'5 " , 12 C Scriba, Oswego County, New York, U.S.A. ., r8q 13 2'3

13 C Lenart6, Saros, Hun~ary " 181 5 2,028'5

q C Lockport (Cambria), New York, U.S.A.

" 18[8 5,3 29'0

15 C Davis Strait, Greenl::tnd "

181 9 16 C Burlington, Ostego County, New

York, U.S.A. " 181 9 29°'0

17 C Guildford County, N. Carolina, U.S.A. . . . . " 1820 15'0

18 C Rasgata., New Granada, S, America 1823 58'S "

o g I z ~

19 C

20 D 21 B 22 C 23 D 24 E

29 D

30

31 D

32 D

33 I

34 L 35 E

36 E

37 D 38 D 39 E

40 E 41 D 42 G

43

44 45

46 47 48 49

50

E

D G 1

~I E E

E

24

Name of fall and locality.

------- -------------------Santa Rosa, near Tunja, Boyaca

River, New Granada, S. America. Nauheim, Frankfurt, Prussia. Newstead, Roxburghshire, Scotland Caille, near Grasse, Var, France Bohumilitz, Prachin, Bohemia Walker (or Morgan?) County,

Alabama, U.S.A. Claiborne, Clarke County, Alabama Oaxaca (Misted), Mexico Charlotte, Dickson County, Ten-

nessee, U.S.A. Black Mountain, Buncombe

County, N. Carolina, U.S.A. Great Fish River, Great Nama-

qualand, S. Africa . . , Desert of Bolson de Mapimi, near I

Santa Rosa, Coahuila, Mexico . I Ashville, Buncombe County, N.

Carolina, U.S.A. Putnam County, Georgia, U.S.A. I Cocke County, Tennessee, U.S.A. } t Sevier County, do. . Tarapaca (Hemalga), Arequipa, Peru Smithland, Livingston County,

Kentucky, U.S.A. Babb's Mill, Green County, Ten-

nessee, U.S.A, Madagascar (St. Augustine's Bay) , Arva (Szlanicza), Hungary Caryfort, De Calb County, Ten-

nessee, U.S.A. Jackson County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Tula (Netsch~evo), Russia Carthage, Smith County, Tennessee,

U.SA, Braunau (Hauptmannsdorf),

Bohemia Seelaesgen, Brandenburg, Prussia Murfreesboro', Rutherford County,

Tennessee, U.S.A. Chesterville, S. Carolina, U.S.A. Schwetz, Prussia Salt River, Kentucky, U.S.A. Seneca River, Cayuga County, New

York, U.S.A. Ruff's Monntain, Lexington County,

S. Carolina, U,S,A,

I Date of fall or find. I 'Weight in grams.

I Found

" " " "

" " "

1823 1826 182 7 1828 1829

101 '0

3'6 8, 129'0

374'0 II8's

22,295'0 24'3

316 '8

FellJulY3o, 1835 77'S

Found 1835

" 1836? 20'4 Found 1868}

?FellAutumn 1837 250,250 '0

Found

" " " "

"

" " "

" " "

"

1839 1839 1840

1840

1840

Fell July 14,1847 Found 1847

" " " "

"

"

1847 1847 1850

1850

1850

1850

114'9 I I 2'5

27,300 '0 25,025 'c

1,655'8

2, 164'3 5'6

9,010'7

2,794'2 2,250'4 1,062'5

52 4'0

Name of fall and locality. I Date of fall or find. Weight in

grams.

R Niakornak, W. Greenland E Santa Rosa, Saltillo, Coahuila,

Mexico 53 F Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A 54 G Lion River, Namaqualand, S. Africa 55 E Union County, Georgia, U.S.A. 56 F Tazewell, Claiborne County, Ten-

nessee, U.S.A. 57 E CampbellCounty,Tennessee,U.S.A. 58 E HaywoodCounty,N.Carolina,U.S.A.1 59 G Verknoi-Udinsk, Transbaikal, Asi-

atic Russia . 60 F 61 F 62 G

Tabarz, near Gotha, Saxony Sarepta, Saratow, Russia Madoc, Upper Canada .

65 66 67 68

72

73

74

75

78 79

80

81 82

r Tuczon, Sonora, Mexico . . } • 1 Tuczon, . Arizona (the "Carleton" ( meteonte). . . . . Oktibbeha County, Mississippi,

U.S.A. G Denton County, Texas, U.S.A.. J Nelson County, Kentucky, U.S.A. R Orange River, S. Africa R Jewell Hill, Madison County, N.

Carolina, U.S.A. H Marshall County,Kentucky, U.S.A. I Brazos, Texas, U.S.A. R Nebraska (25 miles N.W. of Fort

I I

St. Pierre), U.S.A. Atacama, Bolivia, S. America Wayne County (near Wooster),

Ohio, U.S.A. R Lagrange, Oldham County, Ken­

tucky, U.S.A. I

I

I I

I

Coopertown, Robertson County, Tennessee, U.S.A.

Upernavik, N.W. Greenland. Cranbourne, near Melbourne, Vic­

toria, Australia Heidelberg, Baden Victoria West, Cape Colony, South

Africa. .... Howard County (7 miles S.E. of

Kokomo), Indiana, U.S.A. K Alabama, U.S.A. I Russel Gulch, Gilpin County, Co-

lorado, U.S.A. . . . I Dacotah Territory, U.S.A.

Found

" " " "

" " "

1850

1850

1853 1853 1853

1853 1853 1854

" July, 1854-Fell Oct.I 8, 1854 Found 1854

" 1854

26°6 208·5 390 °0

55°0

336°5 10°2

" 1854 ! " 1854

2,90 4.0

9.0

296 °0

216·0 17°4

" " " "

" " "

" "

"

1854 1856 1856 1856

1856 1856 1856

1856 1858

1859

122°0 3,90 7°6

98 °0

134.0

1,3 16 °0

5°2

" Oct. 1860 211'0

" "

" "

Fell

Found

"

1860 1861

1861 1861

180·0 1 °4

3,73 1,000°0 2°0

"Feb. 18,1863 245°4 " 1863 223.3

26 --------------~------------,-------I

Name offall and locality. I' Date offall or find. Weight in I

-~bernkirchen, near Biickeb~rg, I Schaumburg Lippe, Germany . Found

J J I I

South-East Missouri, U.S.A. Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Bonanza, Coahuila, Mexico. Coahuila, Mexico (Dr. Butcher's

iron). . . . . J Bear Creek, Colorado, U.S.A. M Barrancas Bla.ncas, San Francisco

Pass, Cordilleras of Atacama, Chili Frankfort (8 miles S.W. of), Frank-J

J J J J

J J

J

lin County, Kentucky. Sierra de Deesa, Chili. Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. Parambanan, Socrakarta, India N ear the River Juncal, Atacama,

Chili . Santa Rosa (35 miles from), Mexico Auburn, Macon County, Alabama,

U.S.A. Losttown (2.Vz miles S.W. of), Che­

rokee County, Georgia, U.S.A. 99 A San Francisco del Mezquital,

near Durango, Mexico , 100 I

leI J

102 I

103 L

104 L

K

106

Trenton, Washington County, Wis­consin. U.S.A.

Near Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, U.S.A. .

Shingle Springs, Eldorado County, California, U.S.A.

Ovifak, Disko Island, Greenland (probably terrestrial) .

Jakobshavn, Disko Island, Green­land

Smith Mountain, Rockingham County, Virginia, U.S.A.

" " "

" "

"

" " " "

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

1865 1866

1866 1866

1866

1866 T866 r866 1866

1867 186 7

1867

1867

1870

J Nedagolla, Mirangi, Vizagapatam, India Fell Jan. 23, 1870

106* I Great Namaqualand (N. of the

107

108

109

TIO

Orange River), South Africa Before Chulafinnee, Cleberne County, J

J Alabama, U.S.A. Found

N ear Butler, Bates County, Mis-souri, U.S.A. . .

J I Morro do Ricio, Rio Francisco do Sui, Santa Catarina, Brazil .

"

"

1873

] Rowton, near Wellington, Shrop-shire. FdlApr,20, 1876

grams.

35,366 '5 102'5

38'7 5'0

II,375'0

223'0

90 ,300 '0

60'0

31 5'0

6,399'0

o Z

III

II2

II3

II4

II5

II6 II7

II8

119

120 121 122

Il3 124

125 126

12 7 128

129 13°

13 1

13 2

133

27

Name of fall and locality. Date of fall or find.

K Ekaterinoslav (Werchne Dnje-prowsk), Russia. .

J Casey County, Kentucky, U.S.A. K Whitfield County (Dalton), Geor-

Found

gia, U.S.A. . . . Mantos Blancos (Cerro Hicks),

N.E. of Antofogasta, Chili, S. America

Serrania de Varas, Atacama, Chili.

L Pfaffoberg (Dr. Rink's iron) . . J Lexington County, S. Carolina,

U.S.A. I Locality unknown (from Prof.

"

"

"

" Wohler's Collection) Unknown

J Locality unknown (Smithsonian Museum iron)

II. AEROSIDEROLITES

(OR SKY-IRON-STONES).

"

K Steinbach, Saxony Found K Senegal, Bambuk, Africa " K Krasnojarsk, Siberia (the Pallas

Iron) . K Brahin, Minsk, Russia. K Imilac, Desert of Atacama, Chili,

S. America. K Hainholz, Minden, Westphalia K Newton County, Arkansas, U.S.A. K Rittersgrlin, Saxony K Johanngeorgenstadt, Saxony

(from the Blumenbach Collection) K Breitenbach, Bohemia. . K Ravine of Vaca Muerta, 36 miles

from Guanillo Bay, Desert of Atacama, Bolivia, S. America Sierra de Chaco)

K Copiapo, Chili, S. America . K Chili (Copiapo ?), S. America K Mejillones (near), Desert of Ata-

cama, Chili, S. America. K Chili, S. America .

Estherville, Emmet County, Iowa,

" "

" " " "

" "

" "

" "

1877

1880

1827 1856 1860 1861

1861? 1861

1862 1863

Weight in grams.

24'8 45'5

5'5

13°'3 10'3

3,235'8 22'2

227,3 28 '0 484'1

29'5 694'2

1'7 6,231 '0

2,802'0 608'0

~} K

U.S,A. , , , , Veramin Teheran, Persia

FellMuYlo, 1879 116,487'0 " April, 188o 53 '85

III. AEROLITES (OR SKY-STONES).

z o'! N arne of fall and locality, o I ~ ~I-v-I-E-n-s-is-h-e-i-m-, -E-Is-a-s-s,-G-erm-a-n-y-.--.-

138 I Q Schellin, near Stargard, Pomerania,

139 P 140 Q 141 V 142 0 143 0

146 P

Prussia Plescowitz near Reichstadt,Bohemia Tabor (Pla~, Strkow), Bohemia , Luponnas, Ain, France Albareto, Modena, Italy Luce (Maine), Sarthe, France Mauerkirchen, Upper Austria Eichstadt, Bavaria , , Charkow (Bobrik), Russia ,

Date of fall.

Nov,

April June July Sept.

. July Sept. Nov. Feb, Oct,

II, I7IS 22, 1723 3, 1753 7, 1753

1766 13, 1768 20, 1768 19, 17 85 13, 1787

1441 P 145 Q

147 W { Barbotan, } Landes, France Roquefort, do, do, :} July 24, 1790

16,1794 J 3, 1795

148 R 149 Z ISO 0 151 Q

Siena, Cosona, Italy Wold Cottage, Thwing, Yorkshire Bjelaja Zerkow, Kiev, Russia Salles, near Villefranche, Rhone,

France 152 S Krakhut, Benares, India 153 T L'Aigle, Orne, France 154 V Apt (Saurette), Vaucluse, France ISS W Massing (St. Nicholas), Bavaria 156 V High Possil, near Glasgow, Scotland 157 R Darmstadt, Hesse 158 Q Hacienda di Bocas, San Luis Potosi,

159 Y 160 V 161 Y 162 0

Mexico Doroninsk, Irkutsk, Siberia, Asco, Corsica Alais, Gard, France Timochin, J uchnow, Smolensk,

Russia Weston, Connecticut, U,S,A, Cusignano Parish, N aceto, Parma,

Italy ,

{ Stannern,} , XL' 't Iglau, MoraVIa angenplernl z, 166 P 167 P 168 T

I ~H ~ 172 R

. 173 j

X

Lissa, Bunzlau, Bohemia Moradabad, Bengal, India , Mooresfort, Tipperary, Ireland Charsonville, near Orleans, France Kuleschowka, Poltowa, Russia , Berlanguillas, near Burgos, Spain Toulouse (Grenade), Haute

Garonne, France Erxleben, Prussia

JUT'e Dec, Jan, 4, 1797

:March 8, 1798 Dec. 19, 1798 April 26, 1803 Oct. 8, 1803 Dec. 13. 1803 Aprils, 1804

Before 1804

Nov. 24, 1804 March 25,1805 Nov. 1805 March IS, 1806

I March 13, 18Q7 Dec, 14, 1807

April 19, 1808

May 22, 1808 {

Sept. 3, 1808 1808

August 1810 Nov. 23,1810 March I 2, I 8 I I

July 8, 18II

April I April

10, 1812

15, 13I2

Weight in grams.

25"6 15 1 '0

1'2

2'0 I I '9

3°2 '0

13'8 437'2

{ 198'5 145'5 128'7

20,111'0 9'23

165'0 510 '6

2,137'0 37'4

13'0

9'7 1,320 '0

13'8 22'6 17'1

345'4 108'6 57'9 26'S

13'7 31'S

--,------------------------------,,-----

Name of fall and locality. Date of fall. ~ ~ I ---- ~I ______ -----. ______ _

174 W Chantonnay, Vendee, France 175 Q Limerick (Ad are, Faha, &c.),

Ireland 176 W Luotolax, Wiborg, Finland 177 U Near Gurram Konda, between

Punganur and Kadapa, Madras, India

178 S Scholakoff, near Ekaterinoslav,

179 180 lSI

182

o o P o

Russia Wib~rg, Finland Bachmut, Ekaterinoslav, Russia Agen, Lot-et-Garonne, France Durala, Territory of the Patyala

Raja, India 183 W Chassigny, near Langres, France . 184 R Zaborzika, Volhynia, Russia 185 P Seres, Macedonia, Turkey . 186 P Slobodka, Juchnow, Smolensk,

187 188 189

X Q P

Russia Jonzac, Charente inferieure, France Pohlitz, near Gera, Reuss, Germany Lixna, near Dlinaburg, Witebsk,

Russia 190 X Juvinas, near Libonnez, Ardeche,

France 191 P Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France 192 Q: Agra (Kadonah), India 193 0 Epinal (la Baffe), Vosges, France.

JFuttehPur, N.E. of Allahabad'l W India . . . . .

194 lBithoor and Shahpur, N.W. ofl Allahabad, India . . .

195 U Umballa, India . 196 X Nobleborough, Maine, U.S.A. 197 Y Renazzo, Cento, Ferrara, Italy 198 R Zebrak, near Horowitz, Beraun,

199 R 200 P 201 Q

Bohemia Near Ekaterinoslav, Russia Nanjemoy, Maryland, U.S.A. Honolulu, Owhyhee, Sandwich

Islands. 202 S Paulogl'ad, GOY. Ekatel'inosloY,

Russia. 203 P Mhow, Ghazeepore, India 204 R Drake Creek, Nashville, Ten-

nessee, U.S.A.. . . 205 W Bialystock (Knasta), Poland

Aug. 5,1812

Sept. 10, 1813 Dec. 13, 1813

Jan. 23, 1814 March 1814 Feb. IS, 1814 Sept. 5, 18 14

Feb. 18, 1815 Oct. 3,1815 April 10, 1818 June 18,1818

Aug. 10, 1818 June 13, 1819 Oct. 13, 1819

July 12, 1820

June 15, 1821 June 3, 1822 Aug. 7, 1822 Sept. 13, 1822

Nov. 30, ,8" 1 1822-3

Aug. 7, 1823 Jan. 15, 1824

Oct. 14, 1824 1825

Feb. 10, 1825

Sept. 14, 1825

May 19, 1826 Feb. 16, 1827

May 9, 182 7 Oct. 5, 182 7

Weight in grams.

114'5 20'7

12,588 '9 4 1 '3

1'3 399'6

206

207 208

209 210

211

ZIZ

21 3 ZI4

21 5 216

217

ZI8 21 9

220

221 222

223 224

225

226

227

228

229

23°

23 1

23 2

233 234

235

-----_. __ ._----------

Name of fall and iOCCllily.

X Richmond, ChesterfIeld County, Virginia. U.S.A ..

Q Forsyth, Georgia, l'.SA. S Deal, near Long Branch, New

Jersey, U.S.A. o Krasnoi-Ugol Rjisan, Russia R Perth, Scotland. . . W Vouille,near Poitiers,Vienne,France {; Wessely, Hradisch, Moravia. o Blansko, BrUnn, Moravia Q Okniny, Kremenetz, Volhynia,

Russia o Charwallas, near Hissar, India P Mascombes, Correze, France P Aldsworth, ncar Cirencester, Glou­

cestershire . R Macayo, Rio Grande do ~ orte, Brazil T Gross-Diwina, near Buddin,

Trentschin, Hungary . o Esnandes, Charente inferieure.

France Q Poltawa, Russia R Kaee, Sandee District, Kingdom of

Oude. R Akburpur, Saharanpur, India Q Chandakapur, Berar, India. Y Cold Bokkeveldt, Cape of Good

Hope Q Little Piney, Pulaski County,

Missouri, U.S.A. RUden, North Brabant, Nether­

lands . W Cereseto, near Ottiglio, Alcx:mc1ria,

Italy. X Gruneberg, Hcinrichsau, l'russian

Silesia X Chateau-Renard.' l'riguhes, Loire!,

France P Milena, Warasdin, Croatia S Aumieres, Lozl:re, France Y Bishopville, S, Carulina, U.S.A. R Utrecht (Bball\Y-Kapd), Nelher­

lands \V Manegaum, ncar Eidulahad, border

of Khandeish, India X Klein-Wenden, ncar Nordhauscn,

Erfurt, Prussia

Date of fall.

I June , 21lay

Aug. Sept. May July Sept. Nov.

Jan. June Jan.

Aug. Nov.

July

Aug.

15, 1829 9, 1829

17, 1830

18, 1831 9, 183 I

25, 1833

9, 1834 12, 1834 3 r , 1835

Jan. 29, 1838 April 18, r838 June 6, 1838

Oct. 13, r838

Feb. 13, 1839

June 12, 1840

TvLLrch 22, 1841

June 12, I841 April 26, I842

Tune 4, 1842

:lVbrch 25, r843

J UtlC 2, 1843

June 29, 1843

Weight in grams.

2°9'2 I

1,568 '7 760 '7

1,057'0

1°3'9

5'5

11"4

5'5

:n - --------------------------------------------~------~

I ;! \ Nmne of fall nnd locality, Dnte of fall. ;: II ~ _______________________________ __

~3i o

R P T

'0 Q

Cerro Cosina, ne:tr Dolores Hidalgo, San 1\figllcl, Guanaxuato, Mexico

Killeter, County Tyrone, Ireland Favars, Canton Laissac, France Louans, lndrc-et-Loire, France Assam, India Monte Milone (now called Pol­

lema), l\Iacerata, Italy 243 \y Linn County (Hartford), Iowa,

249

s Y y p

x o Q Q R

253 T 254 R 255 Y

Q Q V

,Q

U,S,A, Castine, Maine, U,S,A, Marmande, Aveyron, Fr:tnce Schie, Amt Akershlllls, Norway Cabarras County, N, Carolina,

U,S,A, Shalka, Bancoorall, Bengal Gutersloh, Westphalia, Prussia Nulles, Catalonia, Spain Mainz, Hesse Nellore (Yatoor), Madras, India Mezo-Madaras, Transylvania Borkut, Marmoros, Hungary Bustee, between Goruckpur and

Fyzabad, India Girgenti, Sicily, Italy Seegowlee, Bengal, India Duruma, Wanikabnd, E. Africa Gnarrenburg (Bremcn-iirde), Han-

over 260 T Island of Oesel (Gesincle Kaande,

near Pidclul), Baltic Sca 26 I Z Igast, Livl::md, Russia 262 I' St, Denis-Westrem, near Ghent,

Belgiulll 263 W Ncar Petersburg, Lincoln County,

Tennessee, U,S,A. . 264 U Trenzano, Brescia, Italy 265 z Parnallee, Madras, India 266 X Stavropol, north side of the Cau-

casus, Russia 267 l' Heredia, San Jose, Costa Rica 268 \' Kaba, llcbrcczin, Hungary 269 (2 Communc des Ormes, Yonne,

(J U l'

Francc Ohaba, ncar Karlslntrg,Transyhania Pegu (Quenggollk), India Kakova, 'l'emcser Banat, Hungary

! Jan, I S44 I f Found 1865 J April 29, 1844 Oct. 21, 1844 Jan. 25, 1845 Found 1846

l\Iay

Feb, May July Dec,

Oct. Kov, April Nov, Found

I Jan, , Sept.

Oct.

25, 1847 20, 1848 4, 1848

27, 1848

3 r , l849 30, J850 I7, J851 5, 185 r

r852 23, r8S2 4, 18 ~ 2

J3, 1852

Dec, 2, 1852 Feb. 10, 1853 March 6, 1853 ? March 6, r 853

May 13, 1855

May 13, 1855 May 17, r855

June 7, 1855

Aug, 5, 1855 Nov, 12, r856 Feb, 28, 1857

March 24, 1857 April r, J 857 April IS, 1857

Oct. Oct. Ike, May

I, 1857 10, r857 27, 1857 19, r858

Weight in grams,

42 '1

2 '7,

8'!

942'5 2'7 4'9 5'6

385'5 1,40 4'0

r09'2 4'5

33'6 11, 28 7'0

733'7 4°'0

1,000'0

82 'I 1, 205'7

1'2

808'0

17'9

1'3

52 '8 9'8

61,361 '0

22'6

9'51 r04'2 .

12'2

39'6 654'0 ' r60'61

'-------------------------------------,----

273

274 275

27 6 277 27 8

12 79

28 5

286 287

288

293

297

299

3°0 301

'Neight in grams, ~: 1 _____ N_Ta_n_'e_o_f_fa_1_1_an_tl_l_O_ca_l_it}_,· ___ 1 Date of fall.

:} I Dec.- --~'-1858 { vV (Aussun, Haute Garonne, France 1 Clarac,,, " "

R Murcia, Spain Q Bueste, near Pau, Lower Pyrenees,

France Q Panpanga, Philippine Islands X Harrison County, Indiana, U.S.A. Q Bethlehem, near Albany, New

York, U.S,A. W Desert of Atacama, Bolivia,

P

U N

v

S, America Alessandria(SanGiuliano Vecchio),

Piedmont, Italy . Khiragurh, S. E, of Bhurtpur, India New Concord,MuskingumCounty,

Ohio, U.S.A. Kusiali, Kumaon, India

W Dhurmsala, N.E. of Punjaub, India Q ) (Qutabar BaZaar») Q (Cbireya) . P l Butsura 1 (P' ') IndIa ( lprassl P J (BulJoah) R Canellas, near Barcelona, Spain Y Grosnja, Banks of the Terek, Cau­

casus, Russia R

p

X X o P

X R Y

R

Klein-Menow, Alt-Strelitz, Meck­lenburg

Pulsora, N,E. of Rutlam, Indore, Central India

Buschhof, Kurland, Russia, Pillistfer, Livland, Russia Shy tal, 40 miles north of Dacca,

India Tourinnes-la-Grosse, Tirlcmont,

Belgium. . . Manbhoom, Bengal, India Nerft, Kurland, Russia. Orgueil, near :VIontauban, Tarn-ct­

Garonne, France Dolgaja Wolja, Volhynia, Russia,

W pur DIstnct, Indw. . . 1 Mouza Kh?orna, 3iidowra, Goruck-l

Bubuowly Indigo F;cctory, Supu-J

v

X T

hee, Goruckpur, India . Claywater, Vernon County, Wis­

consin, U,S,A. Gopalpur, Jessore, India Dundrum, Tipperary, Ireland

Dec. 24, 1858

May 1859 1859

Marcb 28, 1859

Aug, 1 I, 1859

Found 1860 ?

Feb, 2, 1860 March 28, 1860

May June July

May

May

June

Oct.

Mar, June Aug,

Aug.

Dec. Dec, April

May June

Jan,

Mar, May Aug,

I, 1860 16, 1860 14, 1860

12, 1861

14, 1861

16, 1861

7, 1862

16, 1863 2, 1863 8, 1863

7, 1863 22, 1863 12, 1864

19, 1865

26, 1865 23, 1116 5 12, 1865

35'0 353'3

19,5 1 9'0 4'1

12,40 7'0

1 13,07 I '5

843'0 5,060'0

158'5 ' 1 '51

1,132 '0

48 '0

98'1

13'6

462 '7

60'1

122'9

69'5

621'4 1'5

200'0

52 " 147'0

33

\~ v

1\ ame of fall and locality. Date of fall. Weight in § grams. p..

302 S Aumale, near Senahdja, Constan-tine, Algeria . . . . Aug. 25, 1865 9'1

303 Y Sherghotty, near Gya, Berar, India Aug, 25, 1865 I26'8 304 Q Muddoor, Mysore, India Sept. 21, 1865 4°7'3 305 Y Udipi, South Canara, India April 1866 3,3°6'0 306 P Pokhra, near Bustee, Goruckpur,

India, May 27, 1866 45'9 3°7 0 St. Mesmin, Aube, France , May 30, 1866 41'8 308 0 Knyahinya, near Nagy -Berezna,

Hungary . June 9, 1866 10,053'0 30 9 V Jamkheir, Ahmednuggur, Bombay Oct. 5, 1866 18'8 310 T Tadjera, near Guidjel, Setif, Algiers June 9, 1867 3'6 3II P Khetrie (Sankhoo, Phulee, &c,),

Rajpootana, India Jan, 19, 1867 13'1 312 Y Goalpara, Assam, India Found, 1, 187'0 313 V Pultusk (Sielce, Gostkowo, &c,),

13 14

Poland Jan, 30 , r868 Q,587'o X Daniel's Kuil, Griqualand, South

Africa March 20, r 868 449'5 31 5 U Slavetic, Croatia, May 22, ]868 20'7 316 X Ornans, Doubs, France July I I, I868 1,018'5 317 P Sauguis, St. Etienne, Loire, France Sept, 8, 1868 4'8 318 W Lodran, Mooltan, India Oct. I, r868 66's 319 R Danville, Alabama, U.S.A. Nov, 27, 1868 27'2 320 W Frankfort (4 miles S, of), Franklin

County, Alabama, U,S,A,. . Dec. 5, 1868 32 '0 321 X Moteeka Nugla hamlet, Ghoordha,

Bhurtpur, India, Dec, 22, 1868 4°7'9 322 U Hessle, near Upsala, Sweden Jan, I, r869 910 '4 32 3 S Krahenberg, Zweibriicken, Rhenish

Bavaria . May 5, 1869 2'8 324 S Cleguerec, near Kernouve, Mor-

bihan, France May 22, 1869 9,346 '8 32 5 X Tjabe, Padangan, Java , Sept. 19, 1869 13'8 326 U Stewart County, Georgia, U,S.A, Oct. 6, IS69 17'4 327 W Ibbenbtihren, Westphalia June 17, 1870 3'0 328 S Cabeza de Mayo, Murcia, Spain. Aug, IS, 1870 3'4 329 0 Oczeretna, Lipowitz, Kiev, Russia Found 1871 P7'2 330 W Roda (4 miles from), Huesca, Spain Fell IS7I n 33 1 T Bandong, Java Dec, 10, I8n 14'0 33 2 X Searsmont, Walrlo County, Maine,

U,S,A, May 21, IS71 51'5 333 Y Dyalpur, Sultanpur, Oude, India . May 8, 18/2 269'S 334 0 Tennassilm, Turgai, Asiatic Russia June I4, I872 15'8 r Lance, Loir·et-Cher, France '}

{ 34'6 335 T Farm of Veronniere, St. Arnand July 23, 1872 t de Vendome, Loir-et-Cher, France

29S'3, 336 V Orvinio, near Rome, Italy Aug, 3 I, 1872 62'8\

34

~. 1' ~"~ ___________________________ ~ ___________ I._W~'~~ __ b_:_i"_1 I_It Name Qf faJl and iOCl.lily. Pale of fall. ._ ....

:.~4·0 I 337 0 338 X

339 W

340 Y

Jhung, Punjaub. lndi.a . . . Khairpur, 35 miles east of Bhawal·

VU f, India . . . • Ws.oonda., Mitchell County, Kansas,

U.S.A. .. " 8ewru.kowo, near Belgorod. Kursk,

Russia . . . . . o N ash County (near Castalia), N.

34' S

343 Q

344 V

345 R

Carolina, U.S.A.. . . . Kerilis, Mael Pestivien, Cotes·du-

Nord, France . Near West; Liberty, Iowa COUOIY,

Iowa, U.S.A.. . . 8ltAthali, Raepur, Rajpootanah,

India Zsa.dany, Temeser Banat.Southern

Hungary. . 346 341

Y Na.gerla., Fathabad, Agra, India T Stallda.len, Nya Kopparberg, Swe­

den Judesegeri, Kadaba Taluk, Mysare,

India 349 T 350 X

Va.vilovka, Cherson, Russia . Rochester, FultonCounty,Indiaoa,

U.S.A. . . 35' s Cron8tadt., Omege River Free

State, S. Africa . 352 X Warrenton, Warren County, Mis-

souri, U.S.A. . 353 W Cynthia.na. (9 miles from), Harri­

son County, Kentucky, U,S,A, , Hungen, Hesse, Germany, , Soko-Banya.. N,B. of Alexinatz,

354 R 355 X

356 351 358 359 360

Servia X Tieachitz, Prerau, Mor:J.vU. , P Dandapur, Goruckpur, I.ndia W Rakofka, Tula, Russia , R Mlddlesborough, Yorkshire • S Gross L iebenthal, 12 miles 5,S, W,

of Odessa, Russia

June

Sept 23,1873

Found

May

May

Nov,

Feb,

March 4, 1875

March31,1875 April 24, 1875

Jan,

Feb. June

Jan,

Jan, M.y

28, 1876

16, 1876 19. 1876

:n, 18,6

Oct. 13, 1877 July 15, 1878 Sept. 5, 1878 Nov, 20, 1878 .March 14. 1881

Nov,

lM OCS) Kolos, Transylvani:1 ,

R Bare,,, " ' Gyolatelke, " " Viss.,,, "

36• ,I Feb 3, 1882

20',

25'2 8'5

'35" , '8

8'S

346 '6

82'S JS4'8

1,975'0 17'3

2,245'0 37$'0

16'3

8'5 13,100'0

1,233'2 8,'6 17'S

35

IN DE X .

• Synonym, arc printed in RlllnCln type. The numbers refer to (hose in the first

colulllll of (he prccc,hng Catalogue.

.\rhre Z'. Limerick Agen Agra A~r" ". Khiragurh ~ram Aigle Z'. l'Aigle . Aklnrpnr v. Akburpur Akburpur .\knshuus Z'. Schie Alabama Alais Albareto Aldsworth Alessandria Albh"b,,,l ;C'. Futtehpur Angers Apt. Arva. Asco Ashville Aslwillc v. Black Mountain Assam Atacama 72, I 19, 124, Auburn Aumale Aumieres. Aussun

:"0. 173 181 192 2::;1

I

153 223 223 246

81 161 142 21 7 280 194 I'll

154 38

160 3! 28

241 133, 279

97 302 23 2 273

Babb's Mill 36 Bachmut . ISO llalflll Bety ,). Davis Strait 15 B~~ 5 Bandong . 331 Barbotan. 147 H;ll'l~ ,I. Mocs 3() I Barrancas Blancas <)0

1l,lSli ,I. Bustee. 255 1:"l,\ 7". Xiquipilco 3 nilt~·Jlra ,I. Butsura 2S 5 Bear Creek S<) l:cLrja-Zcrkw" 7). Bjelaja Zcr-

kow ISO IkIlHlq~t') 71• BFthia 5 Ikll:lJ'L's 7'. Krakhut 152 I:naar 7'. Chandakapur 224 BerLwguillas . 171

No, Bethlehem 278 Bialystock 205 Bishopville 233 Bissempore v, Shalka 248 Bitburg 10

Bithoor 194 Bjelaja Zerkow 150 Blaauw-Kapel 7.', Utrecht, 234 Black Mountah"l 28 Blansko 77 Bohrik v, Charkow 146 Bocas 158 Bogota v. Rasgata 18 Bohurnilitz 23 Bokkevelrlt 7J, Cold Bokkeveldt 225 Bolson de Mapimi , 30 Bonanza, 87 Borcleaux v. Barbotan 147 Borgo San Donino v. Cusignano 164 Borkut 254 Dosjeman River v. Cape of Good

Hope 7 Brahin 123 Braunau 43 Brazos 70 Breitenbach 129 Brcmcrvorrle v. Gnarrenburg 259 Bubuowly 298 Bueste 275 Bulloah'l. Butsura 285 Buncomhe County 71. Black

Mountain 28 Buncomhe County v, Ashville. 31 Burlington 16 Buschhof. 290 Ill1silmcrn River v. Cape of Good

Hope 7 Bustee 255 Butler 108 Butsura 285

Cabarras County 247 Cabeza de Mayo 328 Caille 22 Call1ilrio. 7'. LockporL 14 Campbell County 57

Canada Z'. Madoc Canellas COlile Colony 11. Cold Bokke-

veldt Cape Colony 7'. Victoria West Cape of Good Hope Carthage. Caryfort Casale Z'. Cereseto Casey County . Castine CCltorze Z'. Charcas Cereseto Cerro Cosina Chandakapur . Chantonnay Charcas Charkow. Charlotte. Charlottetown v. Cabanas

County. Charsonville Charwallas Chassigny. Chi1teau·Renard Chesterville Chihuahua v. Sierra Blanca Chili. 132, Chirc),,, 7'. Butsura Chulafinnee Cirenccster v. AJdsworth . Claiborne. Claiborne County 7'. Tazewell Clarac Clarke C uunty 7'. Claiborne Claywater ClelJernc County v. Chulafinnee Cltguerec Coahuila. Cocke County. Cold Bokkeveldt Cnllcepcion 7'. Sierra Blanca Coopertown Copiapo COSllY'S Creek 71. Cool{e County Cos()na 'i'. Siena Cossiporc Z'. Manbhoom ('"stel Rica 1'. Heredia Cranbourne Cronstadt Cusignano Cynthiana

I )a'Ta 71. Shy tal Dacotah Territory Dandapur D,wid's Kuil Danville Darm~tadt

~o. 62

286

225 79 7

42 39

228 112

244 S6

228 237 224 I74 S6

146 27

No. Davis Strait 15 Deal 208 Debreczin 7'. Kaba 268 Decsa Z'. Sierra de Deesa 92 Ilo Kalb COUllty v. Caryfort 39 Denton County 65 Denver City 93 Des Ormes 269 DharnlsalcL 1'. Dhurmsala. 284 Dhurmsala 284 Dickson County 7', Charlotte 27 Dolgaja Wolja. 297 Doonlla 7'. Durala 182 Doroninsk I S9 Drake Creek 204 Dundrum. 301 Durala 182 Durango 9 Dunnsala v. Dhurmsala 284 Duruma 258 Dyalpur 333

Eibenstock ,), Steinbach Eichstadt Ekaterinoslav . Ebtterinoslav v. Bachmut Elbogen Ensisheim Epinal Erxleben. Esnandes Estherville

Faha v. Limerick Fatehpur v. Futtehpur Favars

120

145 111,199

180 8

137 193 173 220

135

175 194 239

Fish l,iver v. Great Fish River Forsyth

29 207

Fort St. Pierre v. Nebraska Ter-ritory

Fortune Bay," Davis Strait Frankfort Frnnklin <J. Frankfort Fiir,tclll)erg ,', Klein-Menow Futtehpur

Carl 7'. Schellin (;;bcogne '~f. Barbotan (:avia ". Xiquipilco . (:Cllt ". St. Denis Westrem ( :c'Ll 7'. Pohlitz (, ho\I.(·(·P"ll: 7'. Mhow Girgenti ( ; l:lsg0W 7'. High Possil Gnarrellburg Goalpara. Gopalpur

71

15 91,320

320 z88 194

Goruckporc 7'. Bustee Gostko,,"o Z'. Pultusk Gran Chaco ". Tucuman Great Fish River Great Namaqualand Green ('l)unly ". Babb's Mill Greenbnll ". Davis Strait. Greenbnl! 7'. Niakornak t;recnbnd ·C'. Upernavik Greenbnd 7'. Ovifak, Gren"de ". Toulouse Grosnja Gross·Diwina . Gross Liebenthal Grtineberg Guernsey County 7'. New Can·

cord Guildford County Gurram Kanda L;llpqllilb 7'. Sierra Blanca Giitersloh Gyulatelke Z'. Mocs

Haciencl" tie Boc"s 7'. Bocas Hainholz. Harrison County Hartford v. Linn County. Hauptmannsdorf v. Braunau Haywood County Heidelberg Heinrichs"u 7'. Griineberg Hemalga 7'. Tarapaca Heredia Hessle High Possil lIocotitbn 7/. Ocatitlan lIommoncy Creek v. Ashville Honolulu Horzowitz Z'. Zebrak Howard County I [raschina v. Agram. I1uaju'luillo v. Sierra Blanca Hungen

Ibbenbiihren Igast Imilac Iowa 7/. Linn County Ixtlahuacca

Jackson County Jakobshavn Jamkheir. Jcssorc 71. Gopalpur. Jewell Hill Jhang 71. Jhung. Jhung . . . .ligalnwka 7'. Charkow

No. 255 3 13

2

29 106*

36 15 5I

76 103 17z 287 21 9 360 229

28z 17

177 4

249 35 1

158 125 277 243 43 58 78

229 34

267 322 136

3 3I

20I

198 80

4 354

32 7 261

124 243

3

40 104 30 9 300 68

337 337 146

37

J ohanngeorgenstadt Jonzac Juchnow 7/. Timochin Judesegeri . J utlesgherry 7/. Judesegeri. Juvinas

Kaba K"clonah v. Agra Kaee Kakova Kerilis Kernouve v. CleguereC Kh"iragarh v. Khiragurh . Khairpur. Kheragur v. Khiragurh Khetrie Khiragurh Killeter Klein-Menow Klein-Wenden Knast" v. Bialystock Knyahinya Klistritz v. Pohlitz Krahenberg Krakhut Krasnoi-Ugol Krasnoj arsk Kuleschowka Kusiali

La Baffe 'J. Epinal La C aille v. Callie Lagrange. Lance Langenpiernitz L'Aigle Laissac v. Favars Langres v. Chassigny L"sdany v. Lixna Leheclin v. Charkow. Lenart6 Les Ormes v. Des Ormes. Lexington County Z'. Ruffs

Mountain Lexington County Liboschitz v. Plescowitz Lime Creek v. Claiborne. Limerick. Lirm County Lion River J,i ]lonnas 7/. Luponnas Lissa Little Piney Livingston County 1J. Smith.

land Lixna Lockport.

No. 128 187 162

348 348 190

268 192 222

272

342 32 4 281

338 281

311 281

238 288 236 20$

308 188

323 152 209 122 170

283

50 II7 139 25

175 243 54

141 166 226

No. Lo(lhran ". Lodran 318 Lodran 318 Lontobx 7'. Luotalax 176 Losttown. 98 Louans 240 I.ouisi,ma 7'. Red River I I

Luce 143 Luotolax . 1/6 Luponnas i41

M~cao ". Macayo 218 Macayo 218

"\lacedonia 7'. Seres 185 lIIacemta Z'. Monte Milone 242

Madagascar 37 Maddur taluk Z'. Muddoor 304 Madison Cuunty 7'. Jewell Hill. 68 Madoc 62 Massing 155 1\1 agnra v. Arva 38 Mainz 251

l\Llll hazar pargana 7'. Manbhoom 294 Manbhoom 294 Manegaum 235 Maili v. Xiquipilco 3 Mantos Blancos 114

Marmande 245 Marshall County 69 Mascombes 216 Man ZI. Mhow 203 Mauerkirchen. 144 Mayorazgo v. Xiquipilco 3 Mejillones 133 MeJbourne 71. Cranbourne 77 Aleno v. Klein-Menow 288 Mezo-Madaras. 253 Mhow 203 Middlesborough 359 Milena 231 Minsk 71. Brahin 123 Misteca v. Oaxaca 26 Mocs 361 lIIodena 71. Albareto . 142 Montauban ZI. Orgueil 296 Monte Milone. 242 l\lontrejeau v. Aussun 273 Mooresfort 168 Moradabad 167 J\! orbihan 71• Cleguerec 324 Morgan County 24 Morro do Ricio 109 Moteeka Nugla 321 J\'!oti-b-Nagla".MoteekaNugla 321 Mouza Khoorna 2()8

Muddoor . 304 Murcia 274 Murfreesboro' . 45 Muskingulll County 7'. New Con-

cord 2SZ

Nageria );amaqualan(] 7'. Lion River Nanjemoy . . . Kapo\Consvillc 71. Cleguerec Nash County Kashville 7'. Drake Creek. Nauheim . Nebraska Territory Nedagolla Nellore Nelson County Nerft Netschaevo 7). Tula Newberry 7J. Ruff's Mountain New Concord . Newstead Newton County Niakornak Nidigullam 7'. Nedagolla Nobleborough. North Inch of Perth 7'. Perth Nulles

Oajaca 71, Oaxaca Oaxaca Obernkirchen Ocatitlan. Oczeretna Oesel Ohaba Obninach v. Okniny Okniny Oktibbeha County Oldham County 71. Lagrange Orange River Orgueil Orleans 71. Charsonville Ormes 71. Des Ormes Omans Orvinio Otumpa 71. Tucuman Ovifak Owahu 7). Honolulu.

Padrauna 7J. Bubuowly Padrauna ". Dandapur Pallas-iron 7J. Krasnojarsk Panpanga Parambanan Panna 7'. Cusignano. Parnallee. Paulo grad Pegu Perth Petersburg Pfaffoberg l'hulcc 7'. Khatrio Pillistfer

No. 346

54 zoo 324 341 204

20 71

106 252

66 295

41 50

282 21

126 51

106 196 210 25 0

26 26 84 3

32 9 260 270 214

214

64 74 67

296 169 269 316 336

2

103 201

298 357 122

276 94

164 265 202

27 1 210

2()3 116

}II

29 1

Pine Blull ~', Little Piney. l'ipra>si ~'. Butsura Pittsburg. Pbn ". Tabor Plescowitz Pohlitz Pokhra l'ollenza ". Monte Milone Poltawa Pulsora Pultusk . I'u,in,ko Sclo "Z'. Milen:t Putnam County

No. 226 285 53

140 149 188 306 242 221 289 313 23 1

32

Quenggouk ". Pegu . 271 Qutahar Bazaar ". Butsura 285

Raipm ". Sitathali 344 Rakofka . 358 Rasgata. . 18 Red River II

Reich,tatlt ". Plescowitz 139 Renazzo . 197 Richmond 206 River Juncal 95 Rittersgriin 127 Rohertson County "Z'. Cooper-town' 75

Rochester 350 Roda 330 Roquefort 147 Rowton . 110 Roxllllrghshire "Z'. Newstead 21 Ruff's Mountain 50 Russel Gulch . 82 Rutherford Connty ". Murfrees-

boro' 45

Sahoryzy 7'. Zaborzika St. Augustine's ]lay". Mada-

gascar . . St. Denis-Westrem . St. Tulien 7', Alessandria St. -Mesmin St. Nicholas 7'. Massing Sal':s "Z'. Salles . Salles . Saltillo 7'. Coahuila Salt River . S:\luk:t 7'. Shalka " San Francisco del Mezquital . San (;iuliano Vecchio 7'. Ales-

sandria. . . San J os.! 7/. Heredia. Santa Catarina 71. Morro do

Ricio Santa Rosa

280 267

39

Santa Rosa 7'. Coahuila Santa Rosa Z'. Rasgata Sal1khoo 7'. Khetrie Sarepta . Sauguis Saurette Z'. Apt. Schellin . Schie Scholakoff Schwetz . Scriba Searsmont Seegowlee Seelaesgen Segowlie v. Seegowlee Seifersholz 7'. Griineberg . Seneca River Senegal . Seres Serrania de Varas. Sevier County . Sewrukowo Shahpur. . Shaital v. Shytal Shalka Shapur v. Futtehpur Sherghotty Shingle Springs Shytal . Siberia Z'. Krasnojarsk Sieke v. Pultusk Siena Sierra Blanca . . Sierra de Chaco 7/. Vaca Muerta Sierra de Deesa Sitathali. . . Sizipilec 1'. Xiquipilco Slavetic . Slobodka. . . Smith County v. Carthage Smithland . Smith Mountain Smithsonian Museum Soko-Banja

. Sonora v. Tuczon . Sonth Canara '7/. Udipi South-East Missouri StaIldalen Stannern. Staunton. Stavropol Steinbach . Stewart County Stinking Creek 71. Campbell

County . Strkow 7'. Tabor . Slljaoli 7'. Seegowlee. Sulker 7'. Shalka . Sunday River 7'. Cape of Good

Hope

No. 88 18

3II 61

317 154 138 246 178 47 12

332

257 44

257 229 49

121

185 1I5 33

340

194 292 248 194 30 3 102

292 122

313 148

4 130

92 344

3 314 186 42 35

105 1I8 355 63

30 5 85

347 165 101 266 120 326

7

Snpllhee V. Bub_ly Szlanicu 11. Am .

T • ..,.. Tabor TodJ~ Ta:rapa.cl.. Tazewell . TftjupUoo. Tenn . .. UIn T epetitl:m fJ, XiQ.ulpilco Texas v. Red RlYer . Tleaohlu . TimoohLn. . . . Tipperary II. Kool'Ollfort . TjaW; • • • . Tocavita v. Ru8ata . . Toluca TouloUM . Tourinn .. ·1a.-Groale THIlton T7en •• ~o . . . . Trieu~r~ v. Chateau·Ranard Troy v. Bethlehem. . . Tucuman Tuczon TWa . . • . Tulb$gh II. COld. Bokkeveldt T unja v. Rua;a.t.a . . TUNma v. Duruma .

Uden Udlpi "mboll& Union County . "..,..", " ....... Vaoito Muerta

July I, ISIS, .

40

No.

~ 60 ,.,

3'0 34 S6 3

334 3

" 356 ,6, ,M 3;i

3

'" ." ' 00 ,,,. ' 3D ,,8 , 63 4'

2~i ' S8

", ]Os 'OS 55 ,6

' 34

' 3D

N~ VnU""h. }61 V~ 136 VerkDoi-t1d1nak S9 Venoni~ 335 Victoria Weat . 79 Vilabella v. Null". 250 Vi!ldranche v. Salles. 151 Vin v. Moe. )6. VouW6 111

WlI.OOnda. . 339 Walker County 24 WarTenion 352 W I.'JlI.CI County 73 Wen:hDe Dnjeprowsk v. Ellater.

lDoala. . III WeaaelJ' . . • 76 W~m Port II. Cranbourne • 11 w est Liberty 343 W ellton . . • . . 16] Westrem v. at.. Denis·Weetrem m Whitfield County • 113 Wlbors . . : 179 Wiumess v. Elohstadt 145 Wold Cottage. 149

Xiqulpllco 3

VatOOl' v. Nello1'e Yorkshire.

Z a bot.E!k.a Zeoatec .. Zabra.k. . • Ziquipi lco v. Xiquipiloo Z , adIJlJ. . .

' S' '49. 359

,,. 6 ," 3

34S

L. FLF.TCHER.

guidl 10 lhe toleelion 01 meleorilt

111\ III 1111 ~1 \1111111 086733403