02 ups principles (level 0 & 1)_2011_eng

7/28/2019 02 UPS Principles (Level 0 & 1)_2011_ENG

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Hitec UPS principles

Hitec Power ProtectionUPS Academy

Ride through systems Diesel UPS systems

www.hitec-ups.com

Key functions of the UPS

Build-up of the Hitec UPS

Contents

Induction Coupling machine (IC)

Power Generating Module (PGM)


UPS System operation (normal & diesel (emergency))

Sub components of the total UPS system

UPS output measurements: doing what it should do?


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Key function of the UPS

Mains Customer

The solutionThe problems The result:

7. Continuous Quality Power1. Spikes

2. Frequency Variations

3. Voltage Sags

4. Outages

5. Harmonic Distortions

6. Transients

Uninterrupted Power

Quality frequency: 50/60 Hz

Quality voltage: 400/480 V

Clean sine-wave

Basic build-up of the Hitec UPS


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At a utility failure a diesel engine has to take over the power supply

The Diesel-Generator (Genset) principle

and that takes time .

To bridge the time between the moment of utility failure and themoment the diesel engine can drive the generator

The UPS principle

. an Induction Coupling is used to drive the generatorso it can directly take over the energy supply to the load(Makes it an Un-interrupted Power Supply System (UPS))


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Like a battery, the induction coupling

it is a device that stores energy.

The Induction Coupling (IC) principle

In this case it stores kinetic energy via a flywheel. Enough to givethe engine time for start-up and being able to deliver full power.

The Induction Coupling 2 rotors

Outer rotor with accelerating

and decelerating windings

Free rotating inner rotor

(flywheel) for the storage of energy


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Construction of the Induction Coupling

Housing

Outer rotor

Inner rotor

Bearing shield

Inner bearing

Fan

Outer bearing

Shield & shaft

Grease catch tray

. is an asynchronous motor.

The Induction Coupling

With a rotating stator .

(Outer rotor)

.. and a rotor(Inner rotor)


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One to speed up the inner rotor

(AC Windings).

IC outer rotor has two sets of windings

(regulated) the stored kinetic energy

(DC Windings)

Supply for the 2 sets of windings of the

induction coupling (AC & regulated DC)

Indirect, via a twinexciter that producesboth the AC as the DCand then feed it in thewindings (VQ type IC).

Direct, via twosets of brushes tofeed AC or DCinto the windings(XQ type IC).


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Free-

wheel

clutch

Dieselinner

Induction

coupling

Slip-rings

Power Generating Module (XQ)

ro or

outer

rotor

Generator

Base frame

Free-

wheel

clutch

Dieselinner

Induction

couplingBrushlessexciter

Power Generating Module (VQ)

ro or

outer

rotor

Generator

Base frame


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HITEC UPS principle

Q1 Q2

Q3

Utility

OK Load

Alternator in

Running 1500 / 1800 RPM@ 50 / 60 Hz

o or unc on

HITEC UPS principle

Q1 opens Q2

Q3

Load

Alternator direct in

Utility

Not OK

Still running 1500 / 1800 RPM & sogenerating now directly 50 / 60 Hz !

(Sine wave continues)

generating function


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HITEC UPS principle

Q1 open Q2

Q3

Load

Alternator in

Utility

Not OK

2 energy

Keep it running on 1500 / 1800 RPM& to generating ongoing 50 / 60 Hz !

generating unction

HITEC UPS single system

Q1 Q2

Q3

Utility Load

AlternatorDiesel engine

Choke coil

Inductioncoupling

Freewheel clutch


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HITEC UPS single system

Filtering / Voltage & PF improvement

Works like a band filter

only 50/60 Hz will pass

Dynamic filter*; takes care of clean output sine wave.

Voltage improvement*; takes care of stable output voltage.

Power Factor improver*; takes care of different load types (PF/Cos) and

compensates up to PF/Cos1 at the UPS input (no PF compensation needed)

*These functions are 24x365 available (UPS is running ongoing in parallel with the mains)


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System operation

Dependent system load

Speed(rpm)

n

3n*

Normal OperationDiesel OperationNormal Operation

0

Time X XY [Z

*RPM depend on system & IC typeUtility failure moment

Normal operation

Main power flow

1500 RPM 50Hz

1800 RPM 60Hz

Q2Q1

AC

0

n

3n*Generator is running in motor mode.Reactor and generator functions asactive filter & voltage stabilizer.

The induction coupling keeps kineticenergy stored (AC windings energized).


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Transfer from Normal into

Diesel/Emergency operation

Q2Q1

Main power flow

DC

0

n

3n*Utility problem; Q1 opens, energy fromthe inner rotor goes, via the generator,to the load. The diesel engine starts upand takes over the power supply.

Diesel/Emergency operation

Synchronizing

Q2Q1

Main power flow

AC 3n*

n

0

The speed of the engine is controlledensuring a constant output frequency.The outer rotor of the IC is re-energizedto speed up the inner rotor (AC). Whenutility is OK the UPS synchronizes to it.


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Transfer from Diesel/Emergency backinto Normal operation

Main power flow

3

Q1 Q2

AC

After the mains acceptance time** Q1 closes.

The diesel engine ramps down 50 rpm and

the free-wheel clutch disengages. It will

continue 3 minutes for cool down purposes.

3n*

n

0

** Time depend on type of System 10-20 min.

Normal operation

Main power flow

1500 RPM 50Hz

1800 RPM 60Hz

Q2Q1

AC

0

n

3n*Generator is running in motor mode.Reactor and generator functions asactive filter & voltage stabilizer.

The induction coupling keeps kineticenergy stored (AC windings energized).


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Total UPS System

The sub components of the UPS System

GeneratorDiesel engine

Chokecoil Switchgear

Cooling system

Inductioncoupling

Freewheelclutch

Dicon

Control panel


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Diesel Engine Start

Starting is only ramping up of the diesel engine as the generatoris already running.

*

The engine should therefore beongoing ready for quickstarting:

. .it will deliver full power after again 5* seconds.

- hourly* pre-lubricated

-ongoing pre-heated (ongoing)

* Depends on type of diesel

A gravity fed fuel system isused for the flow from the

Diesel Engine

ay an o e eng ne(gravity works always!).

For filling the day tankfrom the bulk tank* fuelpumps are used.

Starting redundancy options*:

- Redundant batteries

- Redundant starter motors

- RSP system (makes 24 DC of the UPS 400/480 AC output voltage)

* Depends on project & diesel engine


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Cooling System

UPS system needs two cooling functions:

- .

- UPS Room cooling.

These functions can be integrated or viaseparate equipment.

Free-Wheel Clutch (GMN type)

Diesel engine

IC outer rotor

When the dieselenginespeed reaches theouter rotor speed ofthe induction

cou lin the free-wheel clutchautomatically engages.


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Free-Wheel Clutch (Stieber type)

Outer race connectedto the induction coupling

Inner race connected tothe diesel engine

When the dieselengine speedreaches the outer rotor speedof the induction coupling, thefree-wheel clutch automaticallyengages.

Unit Control Panel (UCP) Unit Reactor Panel (URP)

UPS Module key panels (Analog HMI)

Human Machine Interface (HMI)

Main Power Board (MPB)


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UPS Module key panels (Touch Screen HMI)

Unit Control Panel (UCP)

Unit Reactor Panel (URP)

Human Machine Interface (HMI)

Main Power Board (MPB)

Measuring Hitec UPS performance

Utility failure with 100% load

Moment of

Mainsvol tage

Outputvo l tage

1500/1800

Mains Voltage

Diesel engine

RPM

mains failure

50/60 Hz

-1% / -1, 5% Hz*

1 sec.

50/60 Hz line

Output frequency

Free-wheelclutch engaging

Dieselstart

*Specifi cati on depends on type ofsyst em & type of inducti on coupling


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Test field example recording

All Hitec UPS modules are tested on the test-field & on site under full load condition.

1cm=

0,5

Hz

50 Hz

1 = Output voltage

2 = Output frequency

3 = Mains voltage

4 = Diesel speed

5 = DC current IC

1 cm = 200

ms

UPS internal measurement function

At every utility failure, the UPSs reactionis recorded and can be used for analyzing


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Hitec Power ProtectionUPS Academy

Ride through systems Diesel UPS systems

www.hitec-ups.com

02 ups principles (level 0 & 1)_2011_eng

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