02 owa200003 wcdma radio interface physical layer (with comment) issue 1
DESCRIPTION
3GTRANSCRIPT
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Internal
WCDMA Radio InterfacePhysical Layer
ISSUE 1.0
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The physical layer offers data transport services
to higher layers.
The access to these services is through the use
of transport channels via the MAC sub-layer.
The physical layer is expected to perform the
following functions in order to provide the data
transport service, for example Modulation and
spreading/demodulation and despreading, Inner -
loop power control etc.
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References TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio Transmission and
Reception
TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description
TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of
transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)
TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA); Overall description; Stage 2
TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Acces (HSDPA) -Iub/Iur Protocol Aspects
TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High SpeedDownlink Packet Access
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Upon completion of this course, you will beable to:
Outline radio interface protocolArchitecture
Describe key technology of UMTSphysical layer
Describe UMTS physical layer procedures
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 Physical Layer Key Technology
Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures
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UTRAN Protocol Structure
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB
Iu Iu
Iur
Iub IubIub Iub
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Radio Interface Protocol Structure
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LogicalChannels
TransportChannels
C-plane signaling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DCNtGC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
Duplication avoidance
UuS boundary
BMC L2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
DCNtGC
RadioBearers
RRC
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Radio Interface Protocol Structure
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LogicalChannels
TransportChannels
C-plane signaling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DCNtGC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
Duplication avoidance
UuS boundary
BMC L2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
DCNtGC
RadioBearers
RRC
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Radio Interface Protocol Structure
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LogicalChannels
TransportChannels
C-plane signaling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DCNtGC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
Duplication avoidance
UuS boundary
BMC L2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
DCNtGC
RadioBearers
RRC
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Radio Interface Protocol Structure
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LogicalChannels
TransportChannels
C-plane signaling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DCNtGC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
Duplication avoidance
UuS boundary
BMC L2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
DCNtGC
RadioBearers
RRC
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Spreading Technology Spreading consists of 2 steps
Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips. Thusincreasing the bandwidth of the signal, The number of chips per datasymbol is called the Spreading FactorSF.The operation is done bymultiplying with OVSF code.
Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .
Data bit
OVSFcode
Scramblingcode
Chips afterspreading
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Channelization Code
OVSF code is used as channelization code
The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is the
spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0 k SF-1.
S F = 1 S F = 2 S F = 4
C c h , 1 , 0 = ( 1 )
C c h , 2 , 0 = ( 1 , 1 )
C c h , 2 , 1 = ( 1 , - 1 )
C c h , 4 , 0 = ( 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 )
C c h , 4 , 1 = ( 1 , 1 , - 1 , - 1 )
C c h , 4 , 2 = ( 1 , - 1 , 1 , - 1 )
C c h , 4 , 3 = ( 1 , - 1 , - 1 , 1 )
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Scrambling Code
Scrambling code: GOLD sequence.
Scrambling code period: 10ms ,or 38400 chips.
The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of
either long or short type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink
scrambling codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher
layers.
For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 = 262,143 scrambling
codes can be generated. scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.
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Scramblingcodes fordownlinkphysicalchannels
Set 0
Set 1
Set 511
Primaryscrambling code 0
Secondaryscrambling code 1
Secondaryscrambling code 15
Primaryscrambling code
51116
Secondaryscrambling code
51116158192 scrambling
codes512 sets
Primary Scrambling Code
A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes areincluded in a set.
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Primary Scrambling Code Group
Primaryscramblingcodes fordownlinkphysicalchannels
Group 0
Primaryscrambling code 0
Primaryscrambling code
8*63
Primaryscrambling code
63*87512 primary
scrambling codes
Group 1
Group 63
Primaryscrambling code 1
Primary scramblingcode 15
64 primary scramblingcode groups
Each group consists of 8primary scrambling codes
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 Physical Layer Key Technology
Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures
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Chapter 2 Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 Physical Layer Key Technology
Section 1 Physical ChannelSection 1 Physical Channel Structure and FunctionsStructure and Functions
Section 2 Channel MappingSection 2 Channel Mapping
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WCDMA radio interface has three kinds of channels
In terms of protocol layer, the WCDMA radio interface has threechannels: Physical channel, transport channel and logical channel.
Logical channel: Carrying user services directly. According to the typesof the carried services, it is divided into two types: Control channel andservice channel.
Transport channel: It is the interface of radio interface layer 2 andphysical layer, and is the service provided for MAC layer by thephysical layer. According to whether the information transported isdedicated information for a user or common information for all users, itis divided into dedicated channel and common channel.
Physical channel: It is the ultimate embodiment of all kinds ofinformation when they are transmitted on radio interfaces. Each kind ofchannel which uses dedicated carrier frequency, code (spreading codeand scramble) and carrier phase (I or Q) can be regarded as adedicated channel.
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Control channel
Traffic channelDedicated traffic channel (DTCH)
Common traffic channel (CTCH)
Broadcast control channel (BCCH)
Paging control channel (PCCH)
Dedicate control channel (DCCH)
Common control channel (CCCH)
Logical Channel
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Dedicated Channel (DCH)
-DCH is an uplink or downlink channel
Broadcast channel (BCH)
Forward access channel (FACH)
Paging channel (PCH)
Random access channel (RACH)
High-speed downlink shared channel(HS-DSCH)
Common transportchannel
Dedicated transportchannel
Transport Channel
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Physical Channel
A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreadingcode) can distinguish the channels.
Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radioframe consists of 15 time slots.
Two types of physical channel:UL and DL
Physical Channel
Frequency, Code, Phase
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Downlink Physical Channel
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
(Downlink DPCH)
Downlink Common Physical ChannelCommon Control Physical Channel
(CCPCH)Synchronization Channel (SCH)Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)Common Pilot Channel
(CPICH)High-Speed Packet Downlink Shared
Channel (HS-PDSCH)High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-
SCCH)
DownlinkPhysical Channel
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Uplink Physical Channel
Uplink Dedicated Physical ChannelUplink Dedicated Physical Data
Channel (Uplink DPDCH)Uplink Dedicated Physical Control
Channel (Uplink DPCCH)High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel
(HS-DPCCH)
Uplink Common Physical Channel
Physical Random Access Channel(PRACH)
Uplink PhysicalChannel
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Function of physical channel
Node B UE
P-CCPCH-Primary Common Control Physical ChannelSCH- Synchronisation ChannelP-CCPCH-Primary Common Control Physical ChannelSCH- Synchronisation Channel
P-CPICH-Primary Common Pilot ChannelS-CPICH-Secondary Common Pilot ChannelP-CPICH-Primary Common Pilot ChannelS-CPICH-Secondary Common Pilot Channel
Cell broadcast channels
DPDCH-Dedicated Physical Data ChannelDPDCH-Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH-Dedicated Physical Control ChannelDPCCH-Dedicated Physical Control Channel
Dedicated channels
Paging channels
PICH-Paging Indicator ChannelPICH-Paging Indicator Channel
S-CCPCH-Secondary Common Control Physical ChannelS-CCPCH-Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
PRACH-Physical Random Access ChannelPRACH-Physical Random Access Channel
AICH-Acquisition Indicator ChannelAICH-Acquisition Indicator Channel
Random access channels
HS-DPCCH-High Speed Dedicated Physical Control ChannelHS-DPCCH-High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
HS-SCCH-High Speed Share Control ChannelHS-SCCH-High Speed Share Control Channel
HS-PDSCH-High Speed Physical Downlink Share ChannelHS-PDSCH-High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel
High speed downlink share channels
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Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) Used for cell search Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH. SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips
of every time slot. PSC is transmitted repeatedly in each
time slot.
SSC specifies the scrambling codegroups of the cell.
SSC is chosen from a set of 16different codes of length 256, thereare altogether 64 primary scramblingcode groups.
PrimarySCH
SecondarySCH
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14
acsi,0
pac pac pac
acsi,1 acs
i,14
256 chips2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame
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slot numberScramblingCode Group #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
Group 0 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16Group 1 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10Group 2 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12Group 3 1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7Group 4 1 2 16 6 6 11 15 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2
Group 61 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11Group 62 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16Group 63 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)
..
2560 chips
acp
Slot # ?
P-SCH acp
Slot #?
16 6S-SCH
acp
Slot #?
11 Group 2Slot 7, 8, 9256 chips
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Common Pilot Channel(CPICH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Carries pre-defined sequence.
Fixed rate 30Kbps SF=256 Primary CPICH
Uses the fixed channel code -- Cch,256,0 Scrambled by the primary scrambling code Only one CPICH per cell Broadcast over the entire cell The P-CPICH is a phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH.
By default, it is also a phase reference for downlink DPCH.Pre-defined symbol sequence
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot # i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms
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Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code30kbpsCch,256,1 Carry BCH transport channel The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time slot. Only data part STTD transmit diversity may be used
PCCPCH Data18 bits
Slot #0
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
Slot #1 Slot #i
256 chips
Slot #14
T slot = 2560 chips,20 bits
SCH
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Paging Indicator Channel (PICH) PICH is a fixed-rate (SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Paging Indicators (PI). Frame structure of PICH: one frame of length 10ms consists of 300 bits of which 288 bits
are used to carry paging indicators and the remaining 12 bits are not defined. N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72, or 144. If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to 1, it indicates that UEs associated with
this paging indicator should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-CCPCH.
One radio frame (10 ms)
b1b0
288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)
b287 b288 b299
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Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) Carry FACH and PCH. Two kinds of SCCPCH: with or without
TFCI. UTRAN decides if a TFCI shouldbe transmitted, UE must support TFCI.
Possible rates are the same as that ofdownlink DPCH
SF =256 - 4. FACH and PCH can be mapped to the
same or separate SCCPCHs. Ifmapped to the same S-CCPCH, theycan be mapped to the same fame.
DataN bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
T slot = 2560 chips,
DataPilot
N bitsPilotN bitsTFCITFCI
20*2 k bits (k=0..6)
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Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) The random-access transmission data consists of two parts:
One or several preambleseach preamble is of length 4096chips and consistsof 256 repetitions of a signature whose length is 16 chips16 availablesignatures totally
10 or 20ms message part Which signature is available and the length of message part are determined by
higher layer
Message partPreamble
4096 chips10 ms (one radio frame)
Preamble Preamble
Message partPreamble
4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)
Preamble Preamble
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PRACH Access Timeslot Structure
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
5120 chips
radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms
Access slot #0 Random Access Transmission
Access slot #1
Access slot #7
Access slot #14
Random Access Transmission
Random Access Transmission
Random Access TransmissionAccess slot #8
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PRACH Message Structure
PilotN bits
Slot # 0 Slot # 1 Slot # i Slot # 14
Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2
Pilot
TFCIN bitsTFCI
DataN data bitsData
Control
k bits (k=0..3)
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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH) Frame structure of AICHtwo frames, 20 msconsists of a repeated
sequence of 15 consecutive AS, each of length 20 symbols(5120 chips).Each time slot consists of two partsan Acquisition-Indicator(AI) and apart of duration 1024chips with no transmission.
Acquisition-Indicator AI have 16 kinds of Signature.
CPICH is the phase reference of AICH.
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
a1 a2a0 a31 a32a30 a33 a38 a39
AI part Unused part
20 ms
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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)
DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio frame
DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer
DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1
Each frame is 10ms and consists of 15 time slots, each time slotconsists of 2560 chips
The spreading factor of DPDCH is from 4 to 256
The spreading factor of DPDCH and DPCCH can be different in thesame Layer 1 connection
Each DPCCH time slot consists of Pilot, TFCIFBITPC
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Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
PilotNpilot bits
TPCNTPC bits
DataNdatabits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10 *2k bits (k=0..6)
1 radio frame: T = 10 msf
DPDCH
DPCCHFBI
NFBI bitsTFCI
NTFCI bits
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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)
DCH consists of dedicated data and control information.
Control information includesPilotTPCTFCI(optional). The spreading factor of DCH can be from 512 to 4,and can be
changed during connection
DPDCH and DPCCH is time multiplexed.
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Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH
One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..7)
Data2Ndata2 bits
DPDCH
TFCINTFCI bits
PilotNpilot bits
Data1Ndata1 bits
DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH
TPCNTPC bits
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High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
Bear service data and layer2 overhead bits mapped from the transportchannel
SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
T slot = 2560 chips, M*10*2k bits (k=4)
DataN Data 1bits
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
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High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulationscheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport Block size(6bit),HARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), newdata indicator (1bit), Ue identity (16bit)
HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channelused to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
T slot= 2560 chips, 40 bits
DataN Data 1bits
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
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High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH )
HS-DPCCH carries information to acknowledge downlink transportblocks and feedback information to the system for scheduling and linkadaptation of transport block
CQI and ACK/NACK
Physical Channel ,Uplink, SF=256,power control
S u b f r a m e # 0 S u b f r a m e # i S u b f r a m e # 4
H A R Q - A C K C Q I
O n e r a d i o f r a m e T f = 1 0 m s
O n e H S - D P C C H s u b f r a m e ( 2 m s )
2 T s l o t = 5 1 2 0 c h i p sT s l o t = 2 5 6 0 c h i p s
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Chapter 2 Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 Physical Layer Key Technology
Section 1 Physical Channel Structure and FunctionsSection 1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions
Section 2 Channel MappingSection 2 Channel Mapping
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Mapping Between ChannelsLogical channels Transport channels Physical channels
BCCH BCH P-CCPCH
FACH S-CCPCH
PCCH PCH S-CCPCH
CCCH RACH PRACH
FACH S-CCPCH
CTCH FACH S-CCPCH
DCCH, DTCH DCH DPDCH
HS-DSCH HS-PDSCH
RACH, FACH PRACH, S-CCPCH
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 Physical Layer Key Technology
Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures
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Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Section 1 Coding and Multiplexing TechnologySection 1 Coding and Multiplexing Technology
Section 2 Spreading TechnologySection 2 Spreading Technology
Section 3 Modulation TechnologySection 3 Modulation Technology
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CRC of TB
Error detection is provided on transport blocks through a CyclicRedundancy Check (CRC)
CRC size is informed by higher layer signal
08121624(optional) If no TB are input, no CRC bits should be attached. If TB are
input with TB SIZE=0,CRC bits shall be also added ,but allCRC are zero
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TB Concatenation and Code Block Segmentation
All transport blocks in a TTI are serially concatenated .
The maximum size of the code blocks depends on whetherconvolutional coding or turbo coding is used for the TrCH .
Convolutional code: if TBS SIZE>504,segmented to multiple codeblock of the same size.
Turbo code:if TBS SIZE>5114, segmented to multiple code blockof the same size.
No coding:no segmentation
If codes cannot be segmented evenly, fill in 0 bits at thebeginning of the first code block.
If the code block length of Turbo code
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Channel coding
The following channel coding schemes can be applied to TrCHs:
Convolutional coding, coding rates 1/3 and 1/2 are defined
Turbo coding, The coding rate of Turbo coder is 1/3
No coding
Usage of coding
BCH, PCH and RACH1/2 Convolutional coding
DCH and FACH1/2 or 1/3 Convolutional coding ,1/3 Turbocoding, no coding
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Rate Matching
Rate matching means that bits on a transport channel are repeated orpunctured.
The number of bits on a transport channel can vary between differenttransmission time intervals(TTI). In the downlink the transmission isinterrupted if the number of bits is lower than maximum. When thenumber of bits between different transmission time intervals in uplinkis changed, bits are repeated or punctured to ensure that the total bitrate after TrCH multiplexing is identical to the total channel bit rate ofthe allocated dedicated physical channels.
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Interleaving
Function: reduce the influence of fast fading.
Two kinds of interleaving: 1st interleaving and 2nd interleaving
The length of 1st interleaving is TTI of TrCH, 1st interleaving isa inter-frame interleaving
The length of 2nd interleaving is a physical frame, 2ndinterleaving is a intra-frame interleaving.
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Radio Frame Segmentation
When the transmission time interval (TTI) is longer than 10 ms, theinput bit sequence is segmented and mapped onto consecutive Firadio frames.
Following radio frame size equalisation in the UL the input bitsequence length is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.
Following rate matching in the DL the input bit sequence length isguaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.
Fi: Number of radio frames in the transmission time interval of TrCHi.
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Multiplexing of TrCH
Every 10 ms, one radio frame from each TrCH is delivered to theTrCH multiplexing. These radio frames are serially multiplexed intoa coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH)
The format of CCTrCH is indicated by TFCI
TrCH can have different TTI before multiplexing
2 types of CCTrCH:Common and dedicated
Common CCTrCH should be multiplexed by common TrCH;
Dedicated CCTrCH should be multiplexed by dedicated TrCH
There is only one CCTrCH in uplink and one or several CCTrCH indownlink for one user
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Insertion of Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)Indication Bits
In the downlink, DTX is used to fill up the radio frame with bits.
DTX indication bits only indicate when the transmission should beturned off, they are not transmitted.
1st insertion of DTX indication bits
This step of inserting DTX indication bits is used only if thepositions of the TrCHs in the radio frame are fixed
2nd insertion of DTX indication bits
The DTX indication bits inserted in this step shall be placed atthe end of the radio frame.
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Physical Channel Segmentation and Mapping
When multiple physical channels are used, one CCTrCH radio framecan be divided into multiple physical frames multicode transmission
Each physical channel of multicode transmission must have thesame SF
DPCCH and DPDCH of uplink physical channel is code multiplexed.
DPCCH and DPDCH of downlink physical channel is timemultiplexed
Uplink physical channel must be fully filled except when cpmpressedmode is used
In downlink, the PhCHs do not need to be completely filled with bitsthat are transmitted over the air. Values correspond to DTXindicators, which are mapped to the DPCCH/DPDCH fields but arenot transmitted over the air.
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102040 or 80ms
d
a
t
a
d
a
t
a
d
a
t
a
TrCH-i
dataCRC dataCRC dataCRC
dataCRCdataCRC dataCRCd a t aCBL CBL CBL
0816 or 24bits
Size Z512Ktail Conventional code5120KtailTurbo code
CedBL CedBL CedBLCoded data Channel CodingRate matched data
Rate matched data DTXor
orData before 1st interleavingData after 1st interleaved
Radio frame Radio frame Radio frame
Number of Rado frame 124 or 8
TrCH-1 TrCH-2 TrCH-ICCTrCHTrCH-1 TrCH-2 TrCH-I DTXCCTrCH
Ph-1 Ph-2 Ph-P
10ms
10msPh-1 Ph-2 Ph-P
TPC TFCI pilot
SpreadingScrambling
SpreadingScrambling
SpreadingScrambling
TrCH-i+1
data1 data2 TPC TFCI pilotdata1 data2 TPC TFCI pilotdata1 data2
Transport channel multiplexing structure for downlinkTransport channel multiplexing structure for downlink
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Example of Coding and Multiplexing
The number of TrChs 3
Transport block size 81, 103, and 60 bitsCRC 12 bits (attached only to TrCh#1)
Coding CC, coding rate = 1/3 for TrCh#1, 2 coding rate =1/2 for TrCh#3
TTI 20 ms
Transport block size 148 bits
Transport block set size 148 bits
CRC 16 bitsCoding CC, coding rate = 1/3
TTI 40 ms
Parameters for12.2kb/s AMR speech
Parameters for3.4kb/s control channel
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Example of Coding and MultiplexingTrC h # 1Transport b lock
C R C attach m en t
C R C
T a i l b i t a t t a c h m e n t
C o n v o l u t i o n a lc o d i n g R = 1 / 3 , 1 / 2
R a t e m a t c h i n g
8 1
8 1
3 0 3
T a i l89 3
3 0 3 + N R M 11 s t i n t e r l e a v i n g
1 2
R a d i o f r a m es e g m e n t a t i o n
# 1 a
T o T r C h M u l t i p l e x i n g
3 0 3 + N R M 1
N R F 1 = ( 3 0 3 + N R M 1 ) / 2
N R F 2 = ( 3 3 3 + N R M 2 ) / 2
N R F 3 = ( 1 3 6 + N R M 3 ) / 2
# 1 b
TrC h # 21 0 3
1 0 3
3 3 3
T a i l81 0 3
3 3 3 + N R M 2
# 2 a
TrC h # 36 0
6 0
1 3 6
T a i l86 0
1 3 6 + N R M 3
# 3 a
1 3 6 + N R M 3
# 3 b
3 3 3 + N R M 2
# 2 bN R F 1 N R F 1 N R F 2 N R F 2 N R F 3 N R F 3
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Example of Coding and Multiplexing(3.4kbps)T r a n s p o r t b l o c k
C R C a t t a c h m e n t
C R C
C o n v o l u t i o n a lc o d i n g R = 1 / 3
R a t e m a t c h i n g
1 4 8
1 4 8
5 1 6 * B
T a i l8 * B
( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B
1 s t i n t e r l e a v i n g
1 6 b i t s
R a d i o f r a m es e g m e n t a t i o n
# 1[ ( 1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /
4
T o T r C h M u l t i p l e x i n g
( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B + N D I
# 2 # 4
T a i l b i t a t t a c h m e n t
1 6 4 * B
# 3
T r B k c o n c a t i n a t i o n B T r B k s ( B = 0 , 1 )
1 6 4 * B
( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B + N D I
I n s e r t i o n o f D T Xi n d i c a t i o n *
[ ( 1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /4
[ ( 1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /4
[ ( 1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /4
* I n s e r t i o n o f D T X i n d i c a t i o n i s u s e d o n l y i f t h e p o s i t i o n o f t h e T r C H s i n t h e r a d i o f r a m e i s f i x e d .
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Example of Coding and Multiplexing
12.2kbpsdata 3.4kbpsdata
TrCHmultiplexing
30kspsDPCH
2n d i n t e r l e a v i ng
Ph y s i c a l c h a nn e lma p p i n g
# 1# 1a # 1c
1 2 1 5
CFN=4 Ns l o t
Pilot symbol TPC
1 2 1 5
CFN=4 N+1s l o t
1 2 1 5
CFN=4 N+2s l o t
1 2 1 5
CFN=4 N+3s l o t
# 1b # 2# 2a # 2 c# 2b # 3# 1a # 1c# 1b # 4# 2a # 2c# 2b
# 1a # 2a # 1b # 2 b # 1 c # 2 c # 1a # 2a # 1b # 2b # 1c # 2c # 1 # 2 # 3 # 4
5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10
1 2 . 2 kb p s d a t a
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Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Section 1 Coding and Multiplexing TechnologySection 1 Coding and Multiplexing Technology
Section 2 Spreading TechnologySection 2 Spreading Technology
Section 3 Modulation TechnologySection 3 Modulation Technology
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Uplink DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading The DPCCH is always spread by code cc = Cch,256,0 When only 1 DPDCH exists,(Cd,1 = Cch,SF,k ) k=SF/4 The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either long
or short type
I
j
c d , 1 d
S l o n g , n o r S s h o r t , n
I + j Q
D P D C H 1
Q
c d , 3 d
D P D C H 3
c d , 5 d
D P D C H 5
c d , 2 d
D P D C H 2
c d , 4 d
D P D C H 4
c d , 6 d
D P D C H 6
c c c
D P C C H
U p t o 6 D P D C H
f o r o n e u s e r
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Uplink PRACH Spreading
Message part is shown in the following figurethe value ofgain factors is the same with DPDCH/DPCCH
jccc
cd d
Sr-msg,n
I+jQ
PRACH messagecontrol part
PRACH messagedata part
Q
I
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Downlink Spreading
Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallelconverted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by acomplex-valued scrambling code.
The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frameboundary of P-CCPCH.
Each channel have different gain factor
I
D a t a o fp h y s i c a l
c h a n n e le x c e p t
S C H
S
PC c h , S F , m
j
S d l , n
Q
I + j Q S
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Downlink Spreading
Different physicalhannel come from point S
G 1
G 2
G P
G S
S - S C H
P - S C H
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Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Section 1 Coding and Multiplexing TechnologySection 1 Coding and Multiplexing Technology
Section 2 Spreading TechnologySection 2 Spreading Technology
Section 3 Modulation TechnologySection 3 Modulation Technology
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Uplink Modulation The chip rate is 3.84Mbps In the uplink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by the
spreading process is QPSK modulated
S
Im{S}
Re{S}
cos(t)
C o m p l e x -v a l u e d
s e q u e n c ea f t e r
s p r e a d i n g
- s i n ( t )
S p l i tr e a l &
i m a gp a r t s
P u l s es h a p i n g
P u l s es h a p i n g
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Downlink Modulation The chip rate is 3.84Mbps In the downlink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by the
spreading process is QPSK modulated
S
Im{S}
Re{S}
cos(t)
C o m p l e x -v a l u e d
s e q u e n c ea f t e r
s p r e a d i n g
- s i n ( t )
S p l i tr e a l &
i m a gp a r t s
P u l s es h a p i n g
P u l s es h a p i n g
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 Physical Layer Key Technology
Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures
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Synchronization ProcedureCell Search
Frame synchronization andcode-group identification
Scrambling-codeidentification
UE uses SSC to find framesynchronization and identify thecode group of the cell found inthe first step
UE determines the primaryscrambling code through correlationover the CPICH with all codes withinthe identified group, and then detectsthe P-CCPCH and reads BCHinformation
Slot synchronizationUE uses PSC to acquire slotsynchronization to a cell
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Synchronization Procedure Channel Timing Relationship
AICH accessslo ts
SecondarySCH
PrimarySCH
S-CCPCH,k
10 ms
PICH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4
P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 0 P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 1
Any CPICH
k:th S -CCPCH
PICH for k:th S -CCPCH
n:th DPCH DPCH,n
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Random access procedure STARTChoose a RACH sub channel from
available ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble _Initial _ Power
Send a preamble
Check the corresponding AI
Increase message part power by p-m based on preamble power
Set physical status to be RACHmessage transmitted Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
Choose a access slot again
Counter> 0 & Preamble power-maximum allowed power
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Random Access ProcedureRACH Physical random access procedure
1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full accessslot set, for the set of available RACH sub-channels within thegiven ASC. Randomly select one access slot among the onespreviously determined. If there is no access slot available in theselected set, randomly select one uplink access slot correspondingto the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASCfrom the next access slot set. The random function shall be suchthat each of the allowed selections is chosen with equalprobability
2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatureswithin the given ASC.
3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_Retrans_ Max
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Random Access ProcedureRACH
4. Set the parameter Commanded Preamble Power toPreamble_Initial_Power
5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot, signature, andpreamble transmission power.
6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI +1 nor 1)corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlink accessslot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot:
T A: Select the next available access slot in the set of available RACHsub-channels within the given ASC;
T B: select a signature;
T C: Increase the Commanded Preamble Power;
T D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If thePreamble Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from step 6.Otherwise exit the physical random access procedure.
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Random Access ProcedureRACH
7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the selectedsignature is detected in the downlink access slot corresponding tothe selected uplink access slot, exit the physical random accessprocedure Signature
8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the selectedsignature is detected , Transmit the random access message threeor four uplink access slots after the uplink access slot of the lasttransmitted preamble
9. exit the physical random access procedure
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Transmit diversity ModeApplication of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channelApplication of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channel
appliedAICHappliedHS-SCCHappliedappliedHS-PDSCHappliedPICH
appliedappliedappliedDPCHappliedS-CCPCHappliedSCHappliedP-CCPCH
Mode 2Mode 1STTDTSTDClosed loop modeOpen loop modePhysical channel type
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Transmit Diversity-STTD
Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity(STTD 4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding
b0 b1 b2 b3
b0 b1 b2 b3
-b2 b3 b0 -b1
Antenna 1
Antenna 2Channel bits
STTD encoded channel bitsfor antenna 1 and antenna 2.
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Transmit Diversity-TSTD
Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH chaTime switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH channel.nnel.
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
ac si,0
acp
acsi,1
acp
acsi,14
acp
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14
acsi,2
acp
Slot #2
(Tx OFF) (Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)
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Closed Loop Mode
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Transmit DiversityClosed Loop Mode Closed loop mode transmit diversity
Used in DPCH and PDSCH Channel coding, interleaving and spreading are done as in non-
diversity mode. The spread complex valued signal is fed to both TXantenna branches, and weighted with antenna specific weightfactors w1 and w2.
The weight factors are determined by the UE, and signalled to theUTRAN access point (=cell transceiver) using the D-bits of the FBIfield of uplink DPCCH.
The calculation of weight factor is the key point of closed loop Txdiversity.there are two modes with different calculation methods ofweight factorT 1mode 1 uses phase adjustmentthe dedicated pilot
symbols of two antennas are different(orthogonal)
T 2mode 2 uses phase/amplitude adjustment the dedicatedpilot symbols of two antennas are the same.
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