02 intro unit
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
AUTOMOBILE HISTORY• First automobile developed
in 1860’s in Europe.• By 1900 cars gaining some
reliability.• All cars are hand made
costing $10,000.00• Henry Ford’s better
ideas:• Interchangeable parts• Mass production using an
assembly line
![Page 2: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
MASS PRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILES
Mass production reduces the cost of automobiles to $200.00.
There are now 200,000,000 vehicles in the U.S. alone.
![Page 3: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Four Basic Parts of Vehicles
• Engine or power plant• Chassis or framework• Drive Train• Body
![Page 4: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Engine Systems
• Compression system• Valve train• Fuel system• Ignition system• Lubricating system• Cooling system
• Starting system• Charging system• Emission controls• Exhaust system
![Page 5: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Engine Block & Head(s)
• Compression system lower end
• Harnesses the power of burning gasoline
• Valve train top end• Lets in and out the
fuel charges to be burned
![Page 6: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Fuel System• Old cars used a
carbureted system.• Cars now use fuel
injection.• The purpose of the
fuel system is to store, move and deliver the fuel and air in the proper proportion to the engine.
![Page 7: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Ignition System• Ignition systems are
electronically computer controlled
• The purpose is to deliver a high voltage spark (20,000 volts) to cylinders at the right time to ignite the fuel.
• Spark plugs /wires /coil/distributor/COIL PACK
![Page 8: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Computer
• Recent innovation• Controls
– Fuel, – ignition, – Emission– suspension
![Page 9: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Lubrication System• Force feed or pressure
fed system• Via an oil pump• Provides lubrication
and protection for all the metal parts inside the engine
• Oil pump/• pan• galleries
![Page 10: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Cooling System• Liquid cooled system• Provides protection
from the excessive heat which builds up inside the cylinder
• Radiator, water jacket, hoses, thermostat, heater core, fan
![Page 11: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Starting System• Uses a battery and
electric starting motor (cranking motor) to crank over the engine for starting
• Battery• Cranking motor• Solenoid• Key switch• Wires
![Page 12: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Charging System• The charging system has two
functions:• 1 – To recharge the battery
after starting.• 2 – To provide all the
electricity for the vehicle while the engine is running.
• The battery provides power while the engine is not running
• Battery/alternator/voltage regulator
![Page 13: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Exhaust System
• Removes gases from engine• Quiets vehicle• Provides back pressure• Exhaust manifold• Crossover• Tail pipe• Muffler• Resonator
![Page 14: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Emission Controls
• To clean up the air pollution caused by the automobile.
• Capture any vapor which might escape the the fuel tank and engines crankcase.
• Clean up exhaust for any un burnt fuel, carbon monoxide, or oxides of nitrogen.
• Many types of devices are employed.• PCV/Catalytic convertor/gas cap/EGR
![Page 15: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Fuel Tank Vapor Recovery
• Captures the vapor of gasoline from the fuel tank.
• The charcoal canister holds them .
• When the engine runs the vapors are sucked into the engine and burned.
![Page 16: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Catalytic Converter
• One of the most important emission controls on the car.
• Literally burns up pollution in the exhaust system.
![Page 17: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Automobile Bodies
• Most made of stamped steel parts
• A few cars made of aluminum (NSX Cadillac Allenta)
• Some use composite materials (Saturn or GM Minivan)
![Page 18: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Chassis or Frame
• Under lying structure of all vehicles
• Three types of frame:• 1 – Full frame• 2 – Unitized frame
called unibody• 3 – Space frame
![Page 19: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Full Frame Chassis• Uses welded steel alloy
metal• C-channel or box frame
construction• Note engine cradle in
front and rear axle hump in rear
• Used on large cars and most all trucks
• Body made in separate unit and bolted to chassis
![Page 20: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Unitized Body Construction
• Called Unibody• All body and frame
parts welded together• Light weight but
strong structurally• Most cars use this
construction
![Page 21: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Space Frame Construction• Newest type of
construction• Hybrid unibody• Used on race cars first
but now used in passenger cars
• Many use plastic fenders and body panels
![Page 22: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Chassis Related Systems
• Braking system
• Suspension system
• Steering system
![Page 23: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Braking System• The purpose of the
braking system is of course, to stop the car.
• Brakes are used on all wheels and is hydraulically operated.
• Two common types of brake assemblies are used.
• Disc Brakes• Drum Brakes
![Page 24: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Disc Brakes
• Uses a rotor that spins with the wheel and a stationary caliper to press friction material against the spinning rotor.
• Used on most all front brakes and some rear brakes.
![Page 25: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Drum Brakes
• Uses a drum which spins with the wheel. Stationary brake shoes are pressed out from the inside to cause friction.
• Used on rear brakes of many cars.
![Page 26: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
ABS Anti-Lock Braking System
• Helps driver stop under control
• Keeps brakes from locking up
• Pulses brakes• Enables car to be turned
• *Does not replace hydraulic brakes
• Does not make vehicle stop faster
• Does not work if brake petal is pumped
![Page 27: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Suspension System• Uses springs and shock
absorbers to provide a good ride and improved handling.
• Coil & leaf springs, torsion bars and air suspension are all used.
• Most shock absorbers are hydraulic or gas operated.– Stop bouncing action
• Struts
![Page 28: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Independent Suspension
• Allows each wheel to move up and down independently with out effect from the opposite wheel.
• Used on most all front wheels and many rear wheels now.
![Page 29: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Straight Axle
• Wheels are held together on a common axle.
• Very rugged but poor on handling.
• Used mostly on the rear wheels.
![Page 30: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Steering System• Two types used:• Conventional or
parallelogram steering used on larger cars and trucks.
• Rack and pinion steering used on most cars.
• Conventional on trucks, SUV, BIG VEHICLES
![Page 31: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Drive train
• Takes the engines torque and sends to the drive wheels.
• Major types are: front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel drive and all wheel drive.
• Major components of all drive trains: clutch, transmission, differential, and drive shaft(s).
![Page 32: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Drive Train Components
• Basic purpose is to get the engines torque to the wheels.
• Clutches used with manual transmissions a torque converter used with automatics.– Disconnects engine from transmission
• Transmission/transaxle• Drive shafts and drive axles.• Differentials
![Page 33: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Front Wheel Drive
• All drive train components under the hood (transaxle)
• Reduces weight and size of vehicle
• Good traction in rain and snow
![Page 34: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Front Wheel Drive
![Page 35: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Rear Wheel Drive
• Components spread from front to rear– Transmission
• Heavier than FWD cars
• Poor handling in rain and snow
• Better traction for performance purposes
![Page 36: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Four Wheel Drive 4X4• Used primarily on
trucks• Drive all four wheel
when engaged• Heavy, poor fuel
economy• Excellent traction on
rain, snow or off road conditions
![Page 37: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
All Wheel Drive
• Front wheel drive power train connected to a drive shaft in the transaxle running to a conventional rear axle assembly.
![Page 38: 02 Intro Unit](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/577cce0a1a28ab9e788d24ff/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Identifying Vehicles
• Reading the V.I.N.• 17 digit code located at the lower left
corner of the windshield.• On Firewall