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MAPPING OF OCEAN ENERGYIN INDONESIA

SusilohadiMarine Geological Institute/MGI

(Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan)Jalan Dr. Junjunan 236BANDUNG 40174, INDONESIA

Ph. +62 22 6032020, Fax. +62 22 6017887E-mail: s.susilohadi@mgi.esdm.go.id

Web Site: www.mgi.esdm.go.idWorkshop: Jalan Kalijaga 101 Cirebon

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I. Introduction

II. Legal Status of Ocean Renewable Energy

Mapping

III. Highlight of some Ocean Current Mapping

Results

IV. Closing Remarks

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INTRODUCTIONPresidential Regulation no. 5/2006: NRE has to

contribute 17 of national energy mix by 2025. NRErelies mostly on geothermal energy.

The capacity of ocean energy to contribute the NREenergy mix has been recognized in the National EnergyLaw no. 30/2007.

Ocean renewable energy is primarily based on waves,(tidal) currents and ocean thermal.

Since then the national capacity to explore oceanenergy and to develop the suitable technology havebeen enhanced significantly.

Marine Geological Institute (MGI) has taken place in themapping of national ocean energy, particularly oceancurrent. However, since by rule only MGI that doingroutine exploration, mapping of ocean energy in thecoming years will not be limited only on ocean current.

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Coal

2%

Oil

20%

Gas

30%

Bio Fuels

5% Geothermal

5%

Hydro

2,61%

Coal

33%

Other

5%Wind

0,0301%

Fuel Cell

0,00%

Biomass

0,7417%

Nuclear

1,4032%

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CURRENT STATUSOF OCEAN WAVE ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

Field ocean wave mapping has not been in anattention

Mapping of area where ocean wave issignificant has been based on modeling ofgridded binary satellite data

Modeling softwares: Windwaves 05(BMKG/ITS); Numerical model resulting Hsand Tp (ITB)

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WAVE HEIGHT MODELING

Significant wave (wind driven) based on gridded binary satellite data

Modelling software: Windwaves 05 (Eko Prasetyo, 2011)

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WAVE HEIGHT MODELING (Eko Prasetyo, 2011)

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Potential Area of Wave Energy

Area of Hs >2 & Tp = 9.5 sec. in Indonesian waters (Firdaus et al., 2011)

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CURRENT STATUSOF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

CTD measurements mostly carried out byscientific institutes in relation to the IndonesianThroughflow(ITF) and limatic studies, such as: Arlindo-Mixing Cruise (1993-1994) INSTANT Program-Indomix Cruise (2006 &

2010) INDEX/SATAL 2010 Sonne Cruise SO-217 (2011).

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CURRENT STATUSOF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

Sonne Cruise SO-217 tracklines, stations and CTDresults (Kuhnt, et al., 2011)

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CURRENT STATUSOF OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA Ocean Current Energy Mapping has been conducted

by MGI since 2006. Field measurements are mostly of short period (15

days) and concentrated in the narrow strait betweenLesser Sunda islands, Raja Ampat, and SundaStrait.

The measurements result in the characterization ofthe currents, such as: three dimensional variation ofspeed & direction, duration and its relationship tolocal tides.

Modeling on those data is now in progress in orderto calculate power density flux.

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d i h h l ( )

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Indonesian Through Flow (ITF)

Indonesian throughflow pathways and estimates of total volume transport (in Sv = 106m3/sec). ITF is an ocean current with importance for global climate since it provides a low-latitude pathway for warm, fresh water to move from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean throughthe western route of the Makassar Strait to either directly exit through the Lombok Strait orflow eastward into the Banda Sea (Gordon, 2005).

I d i Th h Fl (ITF)

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Indonesian Through Flow (ITF)

Trajectories of satellite-track drift buoys from the Global Drifter Program (8/1988-6/2007)The trajectories show that a current intrudes into the South China Sea through the LuzonStrait and forms a throughflow branch toward the Karimata Strait. The total number of drifterthrough the Karimata Strait is higher than those that pass through the main ITF path oMakassar Strait. (Drifter Data Assembly Center at NOAA/AOML; Susanto, et al., 2010)

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MGI OCEAN CURRENT MAPPING 2006 - 2013

SELAT SUNDA (2012) RAJA AMPAT (2013)

SELAT BOLENG(2012)

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Strait water depth :- Within strait < 90 m- South of strait > 90 m

Strait width :- Northern 650 750 m- Middle 1250 1300 m- Southern 2400 2500 m

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428.25 m

SE NW Vertical profile

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Larantuka Strait

Simulated flux density duringspring-flood tide at depth of 10 m(Juventus in Yuningsih, et al., 2009)

Simulated flux density duringspring-ebb tide at depth of 10m (Juventus in Yuningsih, et al.,2009)

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Lombok Strait

Simulated flux density duringspring-flood tide at depth of 10 m(Hadi, 2006)

Simulated flux density duringspring-ebb tide at depth of 10m (Hadi, 2006)

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Alas Strait

Simulated flux density duringspring-flood tide at depth of 10 m(Huda, 2006)

Simulated flux density duringspring-ebb tide at depth of 10m (Huda, 2006)

Ocean Current in Sunda Strait

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Ocean Current in Sunda Strait

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04:00

Ocean Current in Sunda Strait

DURING NEAP TIDE

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Current velocity:

- average = 0.94 m/sec.

- maximum = 2.52 m/sec

(occurs 9 hrs prior to flood).

DURING NEAP TIDE

DURING NEAP TIDE

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Current velocity:

- average = 1.38 m/sec.

- maximum = 1.99 m/sec(occurs 2 hrs after lowest

ebb).

DURING NEAP TIDE

DURING SPRING TIDE

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DURING SPRING TIDE

Current velocity:

- average = 1.38 m/sec.- maximum = 3.97 m/sec

(occurs 6 hrs after highe

flood).

DURING SPRING TIDE

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Current velocity:

- average = 1.36 m/sec.

- maximum = 4.59 m/sec(occurs 3 hrs prior to lowest

ebb).

Ocean Current in Raja Ampat Islands

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Bathymetric Mapof Mansuar

Strait,

Raja Ampat

Lokasi penelitian

131 20' 53"

Weigeo

131 20' 53"

-052'55"

130 0' 28"

05'4"

130 0' 28"

-052'55"

PETA INDEKS

05'4"

130 41' 19.19

-0

30'24"

130 41' 19.19"

-0

36'45"

130 30' 4"

-0

30'24"

-0

36'45"

130 30' 4"

SELAT DAMPIER

P. MANSUAR

KEMENTERIAN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYAMINERAL

PUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN GEOLOGI KEL AUTAN

Digambar oleh

Disyahkan oleh

Diperiksa oleh

Mira Yosi, M. Si

PETA BATIMETRI

DI PERAIRAN

Navigator

Penyusun

Pengamat

: Kontur batimetri interval 5 meter

: Ibukota Kabupaten/Kecamatan

: Sungai

: Jalan

KETERANGAN : 4 KM0 2

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Ocean current vectors at water depth of 1 24 m from Sawinggrai Village

Velocity cm/sec

Reference cm/sec

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2014 2019 MGI MAPPING PROGRAMSOcean Thermal Mapping: Collecting CTD data of previous expedition into a single data base Setting up CTD measurements as a routine task within systematicmarine geological and geophysical mapping programs Begin applying of seismic oceanography methodology on already

acquired multichannel seismic data Setting up paleoclimatic/oceanographic research collaborations

with Indonesian Agency for Marine & Fisheries and FIO (China),French-Legos

Ocean Current Mapping: Field mapping focuses Natuna islands and northern Sulawesi. To issue the first edition of Ocean Current Energy Map (December2013).

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SEISMIC OCEANOGRAPHY: A new cross discipline between oceanography andseismology Application of multichannel seismic reflection method to the

investigation of thermohaline fine structures of the ocean. Since 2010 MGI has acquired significant amounts ofmultichannel seismic reflection data, particularly in eastern

Indonesia. It is expected that new methodology applied to those

seismic data will result in comprehensive understanding ofthermohaline structure of Indonesian waters (in addition tothe field measurements of CTD).

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2014 2019 MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS

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2014 2019 MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS

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9/23/2013