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MBOUNDI OIL CENTRE

PWX REVAMPING PROJECT

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLGENERAL SPECIFICATION

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Documento riservato di propriet di Eni Congo/Eni S.p.A.- Divisione Exploration & Production. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.This document is property of Eni Congo/S.p.A. Exploration & Production Division. It shall neither be shown to Thi rd Parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

Company documentIdentification

Contractordocument

Identification

Revision IndexSheet of Sheets

ValidityStatus

Rev.No.

Eni Congo 013042.01.BIST.24500 CD-FE 002 of 41

GENERAL INDEX

1. GENERAL...................................................................................................................................52. SCOPE OF SUPPLY...................................................................................................................53. DEFINITION................................................................................................................................61.1 Abbreviations.................................................................................................................64. SITE DESIGN CONDITIONS...................................................................................................... 75. CODES AND STANDARDS........................................................................................................8

h) International Standards (ISO)....................................................................................... 105.1 Company Standards.....................................................................................................11

6. DESIGN CRITERIA.....................................................................................................................126.1 General.........................................................................................................................12

7. INSTRUMENT SELECTION........................................................................................................127.1 Weatherproof Protection...............................................................................................127.2 Hazardous Area Protection ..........................................................................................127.3 Main Environmental Conditions....................................................................................137.4 Power Supply............................................................................................................... 137.5 Instrument Air............................................................................................................... 13

8. PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION............................................................................................... 148.1 General.........................................................................................................................148.2 Control, Protection and F&G System............................................................................14

CD-FE 00 20/07/2011 Issue For ApprovalProger

O. RovaiProger

F. CrippaProger

M. Di RussoProger

M. Di Russo

ValidityStatus

Rev.number

Date Description Prepared by Checked by Approved by Contractor Approval

CompanyApproval

Revision index

Eni Congo

Project name

MBOUNDI GASDEVELOPMENTENHANCEMENT

Company identification

013042.01.BIST.24500

ProgerContractor identification

Contract N

Vendor logo and business name Vendor identification: ProgerOrder N.

Facility Name

MBOUNDI OIL CENTRE PWX REVAMPINGPROJECT

Location

CONGO ONSHORE

Scale Sheet of Sheets

/ 2 of 40

Document TitleMBOUNDI OIL CENTRE

PWX REVAMPING PROJECT

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMFIRE FIGHTING ICSS NODE - SUPPLY SPECIFICATION

Supersedes N.Superseded by N..

Plant AreaMBOUNDI OIL CENTRE Plant Unit730

Software: Microsoft Office Word 2007File No. 152967455.doc

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8.3 Control System.............................................................................................................148.4 ICSS Protection Functions............................................................................................158.5 Fire & Gas System........................................................................................................168.6 Emergency Shutdown (ESD) System...........................................................................168.7 Sensing Devices...........................................................................................................178.8 Actuating Devices.........................................................................................................17

9. TRANSMITTERS........................................................................................................................ 179.1 SWITCHES...................................................................................................................179.2 Controls and Electrical Equipment................................................................................189.3 Temperature ................................................................................................................189.4 RTDs............................................................................................................................199.5 Temperature Gauges....................................................................................................19

10. FLOW .......................................................................................................................................2010.1 Ultrasonic Flowmeter (if required)...............................................................................2010.2 Magnetic Flow Meters (if required).............................................................................2010.3 Flow instruments and accessories ............................................................................2110.4 Orifice Plates.............................................................................................................. 21

11. PRESSURE ..............................................................................................................................2211.1 Pressure Switches......................................................................................................22

12. LEVEL INSTRUMENTS............................................................................................................2212.1 General.......................................................................................................................2212.2 Level Gauges............................................................................................................. 2312.3 Level Transmitters......................................................................................................24

12.4 Ultrasonic Level Transmitters.....................................................................................2412.5 Level Switches ...........................................................................................................2513. CONTROL VALVES & SHUT DOWN VALVES........................................................................251.2 Control Valves...............................................................................................................251.3 Shut Down And Blow Down Valves............................................................................... 2914. SAFETY VALVES.....................................................................................................................301.4 Sizing & Design.............................................................................................................301.5 Valve construction......................................................................................................... 311.6 Accessories...................................................................................................................3215. INSTRUMENT HOOK UP PRINCIPLES...................................................................................341.7 General..........................................................................................................................341.8 Tubing and Fittings........................................................................................................34

1.9 VALVE MANIFOLDS....................................................................................................351.10 Access to Instruments................................................................................................351.11 instrument process connection....................................................................................3516. CABLING..................................................................................................................................361.12 General........................................................................................................................361.13 Signal Segregation......................................................................................................3717. LAYING OF CABLES & TUBES...............................................................................................371.14 Segregation of cables runs..........................................................................................371.15 Cable Trays.................................................................................................................381.16 Glanding......................................................................................................................381.17 Installation...................................................................................................................381.18 Instrument Earthing..................................................................................................... 39

18. INSPECTION AND TESTING...................................................................................................3919. INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONAL TESTS......................................................................................4020. PAINTING................................................................................................................................. 40

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21. LANGUAGE..............................................................................................................................4022. MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................4123. TRANSPORTATION.................................................................................................................4124. PRESERVATION OF EQUIPMENT..........................................................................................41

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1. GENERAL

This specification covers the general requirements for instruments to be adopted for theupgrade of the MBoundi Oil Centre relevant to the new fire-fighting system, means ActiveFire Protection System (AFP), in order to meet the ENI Congo safety and performancerequirements.

This specification define the characteristics of instrumentation selected in conformity of EniSTD and NFPA international code.

All instruments supplied shall be new, unused, and undamaged.

The attachments to this specification are an integral part of this specification and arebinding with respect to the services and instruments provided by the Supplier.

2. SCOPE OF SUPPLY

1. The instrumentation shall be complete with all accessories as specified in theInstrument Datasheet and specification.

2. The scope of supply includes, but is not limited to, the following:

A. Special tools necessary for instrument installation and maintenance (if required)B. Instrument hardware for process or instrument cabinet mountingC. Special field cable, connectors, and terminals needed for connection of

instrument primary elements to transmitter.D. Instrument manual documentation including calibration and maintenance

requirements.

3. Supplier's instruments scope of supply specifically excludes the following

instruments:

A. Actual instrument installation on ENI process equipmentB. Instrument un-interruptible power supplies or direct current loop powerC. Instrument air supply

4. Service scope of supply shall include the following services:

A. Instrument Pre-CalibrationB. Recommended spare parts

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3. DEFINITION

COMPANY ENI E&P

CONTRACTOR

(EPC)

Contractor Responsible of detailed engineeringstudies, Procurement construction &commissioning and start up

VENDOR The Vendor of instruments

SUPPLIER Subcontractor or Vendor

1.1 ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIONS IDENTIFICATION

AFP Active Fire Protection (System)ANSI American National Standard Institute

API American Petroleum Institute

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

BDV Blow Down Valve

CEC Central Electric Congo

CED Central Electric Djeno

CENELEC European Committee for Electro technical Standardisation

DC Direct Current

EMMS Energy Measurement & Management System

ESD Emergency Shut Down

FAT Factory Acceptance Test

F&G Fire & Gas System

HART Highway Addressable Remote Transducer

HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

ICS Integrated Control System

IEC International Electro-technical Committee

ISA Instrument Society of America

ISO International Organisation for Standardisation

LV Low Voltage

NFPA National Fire Protection AssociationNPT Nominal Pipe Threading

OD Outside Diameter

PID Piping and instrumentation diagram

DCS Distributed Control System

PSV Pressure Safety Valve

RTD Resistance Temperature Detector

SAT Site Acceptance Test

SDV Shutdown Valve

SIS Safety Instrumented System

SS Stainless Steel

UPS Un-interrupted Power Supply

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4. SITE DESIGN CONDITIONS

1. Location: Main plant, MBoundi (Congo)

2. Location of Equipment: Outdoors

3. Outdoor Ambient Temperature: Min.: +15C Max.: +33C

4. Relative Humidity (average/maximum): 85%/95%

5. Barometric Pressure: 955 mbar

6. Elevation of Site: m

7. Maximum Wind Speed: 41,7 m/s

8. Seismic Zone: None

9. Instrument air supplied will be filtered oil-less air to the following design parameters:

A. Pressure 6,5 / 4 bar normal/min.

B. Air Temperature +33 / + 15 C max./min.C. Dew Point at 8 bar.a -18 C

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5. CODES AND STANDARDS

All instrumentation design, procurement and works shall be fully in accordance with allapplicable regulations, codes and standards as listed.The equipment shall be designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with the latestrevision of all relevant international Codes and Standards including but not limited to thestandards listed below:a) Instrumentation Society of America (ISA)

ISA 75.01 Control Valve Sizing Equations.

ISA 75.02 Control Valve Capacity Test Procedures.ISA 75.03 Uniform Face to Face Dimensions for Flanged Globe style control

Valves

ISA S 5.1 Instrumentation symbols and identification

b) American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

ANSI B16.10 Face to Face and End to End dimensions for Valves.

ANSI B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings sockets.

ANSI B16.25 Butt welding Ends.

ANSI B16.34 Steel Butt Welding end Valves.

ANSI MC 96.1 Temperature Measurement.

ANSI B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.

c) American Petroleum Institute (API)

API 520 Design and installation of Pressure relieving systems in refineries.

API 521 Guide for Pressure Relief and Depressurizng Systems .

API 551 Process Measurements and Instrumentation.

API 556 Manual Installation of Refinery Instruments and Control System.

API 526 Flanged Steel Safety Relief Valves

API 527 Seat Tightness of Safety Relief Valves.

API 598 Valve Inspection and Testing

API 607 Fire Test of Soft Seated 1/4 Turn Valves.

API 609 Lug & Wafer Type Butterfly Valves.

API 2000 Venting Atmosphere & Low Pressure Storage Tank.

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d) American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

ASME 19.3 Part 2 Power Test Code-Instrumentation and apparatus for TemperatureMeasurement.

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges & Flange Fittings.

ASME 16.34 Valve Flanged Threaded End and Welding.

ASME 16.36 Orifice Plates.

ASME I Power Boilers

ASME VIII Boiler Pressure Vessel Code: Pressure Vessels

e) International Electro-Technical Committee (IEC)

IEC60079(Parts 0,1,2, ,5,6,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,17,18)

Electr Typical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres.

IEC 60331

Fire Resisting Characteristics of Electric Cables.

IEC 60332 Tests on Electric Cables under Fire Conditions.

IEC 61508 Functional Safety of Electrical / Electronic / ProgrammableElectronic Safety-related systems.

IEC 61511 Functional Safety Safety Instrumented Systems for the ProcessIndustry Sector.

IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

f) American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)

ASTM A 105 Forging, Carbon Steel for Piping Components.

ASTM A 106 Seamless Carbon Steel for Piping for High Temperature Services.

ASTM A 193 Specification for Alloy Steel & Stainless Steel Bolting Material forHigh Temperature Services.

ASTM A 194 Specification for Carbon &Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts at High Pressureand Temperature Services.

ASTM 269 Specification for Seamless &Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubingfor General Services.

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g) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA 10 Portable Fire ExtinguishersNFPA 11 Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agents SystemsNFPA 11A Medium and High Expansion Foam SystemsNFPA 12 Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing SystemsNFPA 14 Installation of Standpipe and Hose SystemsNFPA 15 Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire ProtectionNFPA 16 Foam/Water Sprinkler and Spray Fixed SystemsNFPA 17 Dry Chemical Extinguishing SystemsNFPA 20 Centrifugal Fire PumpsNFPA 24 Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and their

appurtenances

h)InternationalStandards(ISO)

o

ISO 4126 Safety Valves General requirements.

ISO 9000 Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards.

ISO 9001 Quality Systems - Model for Quality Assurance in Design,

Development, Production Installation and Servicing.ISO 9003 Quality Systems - Model for Quality Assurance in Final

Inspection & Testing.ISO 5167 Measurement of fluid flow by means of Orifice Plates,

Nozzles, & Venturi Tubes Inserted in

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5.1 COMPANY STANDARDS

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION DOCUMENT NUMBER

Construction methods for Electrical Materials for Tropical

Climate (Tropicalization)

05497.VAR.ELE.SPC

Electric Cable Trays 06054.MAT.ELE.STD

Functional Specification- Protective Coating and Hotdip Galvanizing

20000.VAR.PAI.FUN

Design Criteria-Earthing System for Instrumentation Plants 20532.EQP.STA.FUN

Fire Fighting System 20244.VON.SAF.SDS

Electrical and Instrumentation Plants included in PackageSupplies.

20215.PKG.ETI.SDS

Integrated Automation System 27607.DOC.STA.SDS

Instrumentation and Automation System 20048.VAR.STA.SDS

Distributed Control System 20149.EQP.STA.FUN

Requirements for the Installation of Instrumentation20047.VAR.STA.SDS

Component for fixed water system for plant extinction

Component for fixed foam system for plant extinction

07631.CMP.SAF.SDS

07632.CMP.SAF.SDS

Plant graphic symbology21000.DOC.GEN.PRG

Item numbering20198.DOC.GEN.SDS

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6. DESIGN CRITERIA

6.1 GENERAL

All major instrumentation and appurtenances selected and installed shall have an acceptablehistory of satisfactory reliable service in oil and gas plant use for a period of at least three (3)years at comparable design conditions. Latest or newly developed instruments with less thanthree (3) years actual service may be considered from established manufacturer, only if it has

been adequately tested, meets the requirements of this contract, and is approved by ENI.

7. INSTRUMENT SELECTION

7.1 WEATHERPROOF PROTECTION

All field-mounted instruments shall have an ingress protection to IP65 as a minimum inaccordance with IEC 60529. Local instrument housing panels, etc, including entries andblanking plugs shall have an ingress protection IP 55 minimum. Unit control panels installedoutdoor under the package limits shall have IP55 as minimum and shall be certified for

outdoor and for area classification. All components shall be constructed of material resistant tocorrosion and to the above environmental condition.

All circuits shall be protected against effect of water condensing (i.e. on cold surfaces at night)Components shall be suitably tropicalized.Instruments directly exposed to sunlight or flare heat radiation shall be shaded by suitablecanopy. Sunshades may be individual (isolated instrument) or common to severalinstruments.

Item

Ratingfor

Indoorprotec

tion

Ratingfor

Outdoor

protection

Remarks

Instruments NA IP 66

Panels IP 42 IP 55

7.2 HAZARDOUS AREA PROTECTION

The protection type selection should be suitable for installation in Hazardous area (Zone 2,Group IIB, T3)Certification shall be in accordance with CENELEC standards and preferred certifyingagencies are BASEEFA and PTB, and ATEX Directive 94/91

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7.3 MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Min monthly mean air temperature = 15 C (July)Max monthly mean air temperature = 34 C (March)The air relative humidity reaches a maximum value of 95% (average value is 85%).

The mean sea level daily atmospheric pressure is between 0.995 atm and 1.002 atm.

7.4 POWER SUPPLY

Field Instrument power supplies shall generally be 24V DC, derived from the AC UPS supply.

For solenoid valves also, 24V DC is to be used.

All instrument equipment should function correctly between the steady state voltage andfrequency tolerances in the IEE recommendations.

Voltage : Nominal +6%, -10%Frequency: Nominal 5%

Further, all instrument equipment shall be able to function correctly through the following shortterm transient variations.

Voltage : +15%, -20%Frequency : 10%

7.5 INSTRUMENT AIR

The Instrument air available for instruments is as follows:

Minimum : 5 bar g

Normal : 8 bar gMaximum : 10 bar g

Item Preferre

dprotection type

Alternate

protectiontypes

Remarks

Instruments

Ex d Ex ib

Localpanel

Ex d

Electronicboards

Exe / Exn or Exd enclosure

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8. PROC ESS INSTRUMENTATION

8.1 GENERAL

All instrument and control equipments wetted parts shall be suitable for the process media.Unless specified otherwise, instrument cases shall be made of epoxy coated cast aluminiumalloy.Local instruments shall generally be mounted on instrument racks / 2pipe (stanchionmounting) except for pressure gages and instruments mounted directly in line.Instrument electrical entries shall generally be threaded M20 x 1.5 ISO or NPT-F.Instrument pneumatic entries shall be NPT (F) threaded.Analogue sensors/transmitters shall have Smart capabilities. Transmitters shall be normallyused in analogue mode and shall be two wire loop powered type.

Instrument using mercury shall not be used.

The signal transmissions shall be as follows:

Pneumatic : 0.2 to 1 barg.

Analogue : 4 to 20 mA

Digital : Digital communication signal superimposed on the 4-20 mA

signals HART ProtocolField instruments (with the exception of in line equipment) shall be fitted with draining andventing facilities.Alarm and safety functions shall use fail safe design. Alarm and trip switches shall open whenmonitored parameters reach an abnormal value.

Safety final element (e.g. SDV) shall trip to their safe position in case of instrument air,hydraulic power or electrical power failure.The electric switches in level switch, pressure switch, etc shall be of (sealed) snap actingmicro type and shall have one SPDT contacts as a minimum, contact rated 0.5A - 24V DC.Contacts shall be noble metal plated.There shall not be any flying leads from the instruments.

8.2 CONTROL, PROTECTIONAND F&G SYSTEM

The proposed improvement for the facilities required for the new MBoundi Oil Centre fire-fighting system Plant foresees the installation of one dedicated ICSS Node to be located in

the existing production control room.

This additional Fire Fighting ICSS Node shall be connected to all other existing node byEthernet in order to provide to activated the relevant extinguish systems in accordance withthe acquisition of the F&G signals from other nodes.

8.3 CONTROL SYSTEM

The ICSS, based on Fail-Safe and Fault-Tolerant characteristics, shall be provided with CPUsand a I/O modules able to integrate and manage all required process control and safety

functions.A segregation shall be provided between I/O modules associated to ESD functions and thoseassociated to non-safety functions and logics (e.g. monitoring and alarming, regulatory set-point control, on-off control, process interlocks).

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The system will be designed to accept discrete, analog and specific application modules.It will also be able to implement control function or algorithms such as PID process controlalgorithm sequential function, stepper positioning and linear positioning.The ICSS system will have the following basic characteristics as a minimum:

- The system uses a programmable memory for the internal storage of instruction forimplementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, andarithmetic to control through digital or analog I/O modules.

- The system offer at least one high level programming languages such as ladder logicprogramming, Boolean programming and sequential functional chart per IEC-61131

The ICS shall have also a Fault Tolerant architecture: fault on one component must not affect

the certification for an unlimited period of time.Any single mode failure will not corrupt system safety or functionality or impact the operationof the controlled process, the automation and the ESD system.

8.4 ICSS PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

The functions carried out by these systems consist in executing automatic interventions onspecific plant components whenever appropriate instruments indicate that critical conditionsare going to be met. The protection system includes:

- Fire Fighting system; principal functions provided by Fire Fighting node- Fire & Gas detection system; principal functions provided by existing node 1-5-6-7- Emergency shutdown system; principal functions provided by future nodes 10-PWX and

partial function by node 1-2-3-4-8-9

Emergency shutdown functionality will be shared by process shutdown system and Fire & Gassystem provide whit all other nodes.

Partial or total plant shutdowns shall be possible in manual from the operating workstation inautomatic from field instruments and, in case of most serious emergency conditions, also fromthe field by pushbutton (MACs) located at strategic points.

Primary shutdown initiating elements shall normally be of the electronic transmitters (pressuretransmitters, level transmitters, limit switches). The shutdown systems shall be based on ESDEmergency Shut Down logic provide from F&G/SIS (Safety Instrumented System). Sincethese functions are essential for the plant safety, the reliability of DCS's shall be increased byduplicating the components defined as "bottle necks" (supply units, F&G signals, SDV andBDV valves, etc.), and by providing suitable diagnostic circuits capable of detecting andalerting for any malfunctioning or internal faults.

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8.5 FIRE & GAS SYSTEM

The arrangement of suitable fault tolerant F&G detection systems, generally consisting of atleast two sensors to allow a voting logic. These detectors shall be directly connected to theFire & Gas System, involving nodes as before description, which shall act as a centralcontrol/supervisory and will be designed in such a way as to allow:

- Display of the status of each sensor (possible with alarm indication);- Checking of sensor control system connecting line (line fault monitoring);- Resetting of loops.

8.6 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN (ESD) SYSTEM

The purpose of the Emergency Shutdown (ESD) System is to ensure a prompt emergencyresponse, in order to prevent or to control the occurrence of dangerous situations affecting thenew installations.

Inputs to the system will consist of signals coming from:

- Fire and gas detection system from the associated sensors network;- Manual controls (pushbuttons);

Depending of the type of information received, the shutdown system shall be capable ofactuating:

- Process shutdown/blowdown system;- Firefighting system;- Ventilation and air-conditioning system;- Audible/visual warning system.

The level of intervention of the system shall vary according to the type and seriousness of the

emergency situation.

Interventions of the firefighting system (with the possible shutdown of the ventilation, removalof loads, etc.), shall take place following the emission of suitable signals from the emergencyshutdown system as well as following the operation of dedicated local pushbuttons.

The warning system, designed to alert plant personnel of the occurrence of hazardousconditions, shall consist of a audible warning signal implemented by warning lamps in highnoise areas.

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8.7 SENSING DEVICES

Transmitters shall be Smart type with Hart protocol and in-built diagnostics. Process sensingswitches shall not be used for trips and shutdown.Process and shut down measurements shall use separate transmitters.Over range / under range protection shall be provided for all instruments.

8.8 ACTUATING DEVICES

Generally all actuating devices shall be actuated by Instrument air.

9. TRANSMITTERS

1. Transmitter enclosure shall be IP 65 minimum unless otherwise specified. All wettedparts of the transmitters shall be at least 316 stainless steel construction. Transmitter fillfluid, if used, shall be silicone unless alternate fluids are approved by the Engineer.Transmitters shall be provided with integral meter, piping flange adapter kits, vent ports,and mounting brackets.

2. For standard convention analog transmitters, signal transmission shall be current type, 4-20 milliamps dc, and utilize a 2-wire circuit (ISA Type 2). Instrument ground connectionswill be provided on each instrument.

3. General accuracy criteria shall be 0.50 % of calibrated span or better, includingrepeatability, linearity and hysteresis under operating conditions unless stated otherwiseon ENI Datasheets provided.

4. Transmitters shall have a high electtro-magnetic and radio frequency interferenceimmunity.

9.1 SWITCHES

1. Process field switches will be provided with 2SPDT; switches for digital signal interface.Interrogation voltage will be furnished by the Distributive Control System (DCS) using24Vdc.

2. Solder connections for external field wiring is not acceptable. Switch external terminalsshall accept 1,5 mm2 section wire.

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9.2 CONTROLSAND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

1. The supplier shall provide details for special requirements and fill in data sheets forinstruments, valves, motors, panels, and other controls/electrical related instruments.Blank data sheets are provided as attachments to the relevant material requisition.

2. Project tagging conventions must appear upon documents and hardware furnished bythe supplier. Tagging shall be consistent with related datasheets, documents, anddrawings showing instrumentation.

9.3 TEMPERATURE

1. Bimetallic "any angle" style dial thermometers constructed in AISI 316 stainless steelwith 100mm diameter dial shall be used for local indication. Where the indicator isrequired to be mounted remotely from the sensor, dial thermometers with capillarytransmission shall be used. Mercury filled thermometers shall not be used.

2. All temperature measuring elements shall be protected by thermowells, except inrotating equipment bearing or thrust pads and some engine temperature monitoringapplication, where there is a physical restriction on mounting of thermowells.

The stem of the well shall be machined from bar stock material compatible with processfluids, with AISI 316 SS material as a minimum. Thermowells in flue gas service can befabricated type. Thermowells material shall be of a higher alloy or material when processconditionsrequire the same. Test Wells (not fitted with temperature element) shall be supplied witha captive screw cap secured with a chain (cap and chain in AISI 316 SS). Materialcomposition and instrument identifier shall be stamped or engraved on thermowellcylindrical collar.

Dimensional design of thermowells (i.e. Length, wall thickness and tip diameter) shallcomply with ASME PTC 19.3.

Thermowells installed on vessels, pipe and flue gas duct shall be flanged. The processconnection shall be 1.5 flanged on pipe lines and 2 flanged for vessel application.Flange rating shall be generally 600# as a minimum for thermowells used in pipes andvessels. Thermowells flanges shall be in accordance with ANSI B16.5.

Welded type thermowells can be used in steam service. Thermowells for themeasurement of steam drum metal temperature measurement can be of vendorsstandard.

The vendor shall submit calculations to show that all thermowells are suitable for stressdue to stream velocity conditions. The maximum wake frequency shall not exceed 80%

of the resonant frequency of the thermowell. A suitable calculation method shall besubmitted. The calculation submission shall include all equations, assumptions etc.

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For rotating machinery bearings, AISI 316 stainless steel sheathed sensors shall beinserted directly into holes bored for that purpose.

9.4 RTDS

1. RTD devices shall meet the standards of DIN 43760 and shall be used only inapplications suitable for thermowells. RTDs shall be 100 ohm Platinum type which isspring loaded within the thermowell. The construction of the RTD shall be in 0.00385ohm/, protected by an outside 1/4-inch sheath. The RTD element shall be a 4-wire, dualelement design. The thermowell shall be from bar AISI316 threaded head and capassembly. The element will be held in contact with the thermowell by a spring device.

The thermowell will have with 1/2 inch NPT pipe extention 150 mm long made from anipple-union-nipple stainless steel coupling fitting connection between the protective tubeand the head assembly. The means of attachment of the thermowell to the process lineshall be a 3/4-inch threaded connectionor flanged according to the relevant data sheets.Thermowells shall be designed by the supplier to accept a 3-inch insulation on processpiping and 100 mm insulation on duct installations.

2. Thermowells shall be flanged according piping classes. Flanged sizes shall be asfollows:

Gas and air wells flanged shall by 1 1/2Or different where noted in the data sheets

3. Thermowell construction shall be from bar AISI 316 designed by details provided withthe relevant material requisition.

9.5 TEMPERATURE GAUGES

1. To provide local indication of temperature thermometers will be supplied, bimetallic type orfilled element type with capillary, according to the relevant data sheets.

Thermometers shall have a 150 mm dial with black figures on a white background and

1/2 NPT-M process connection. The case shall be durable metallic construction withshatterproof glass cover, sealed for protection and removal for servicing. Externalcalibration adjustment shall be included.

Accuracy shall be 1 % of full scale range, with a minimum overrange factor 1,2 of fullscale.

Dial thermometers shall be adjustable every angle unless otherwise specified. Stemlenght shall be sufficient to clear insulation. Each thermometer shall be mounted in athermowell to permit removal of the thermometer without interrupting the process.Thermowell shall be one piece design drilled to a maximum bore of 10 mm (0,387 inch)diameter.

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10. FLOW

10.1 ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER (IFREQUIRED)

The flowmeter will be complete consisting of transducers, installation hardware, transmitterhaving a microprocessor-based temperature/pressure compensated electronics.It shall not be fiscal metering. The type shall be Clamp On Flow Meter (Digital Clamp On FlowMeter) This flowmeter is especially useful for metering of erosive, corrosive,toxic, high-purity,

sterile gases, natural gas or in any application where penetrating the pipe wall is undesirable.Since no tapping or cutting of the pipe wall is required The meter has no wetted or movingparts, require no maintenance, causes no pressure drop and has very wide rangeabilityThe transmitter and transducers with be connected with armored protected transducer cable.The flowmeter shall include all accessories required to accurately monitor flow and operateusing 24 Vdc 1 percent at 50 Hz instrument power. The transmitter shall be supplied with a4-20 mAdc, isolated current loop output with a local indicator which shall be linear to flow.The transmitters flow indication with be software selectable for unit display and scalingfactors. Ultrasonic flowmeters shall not be installed in rubber-lined or fiberglass pipingapplications.

10.2 MAGNETIC FLOW METERS (IFREQUIRED)

A. The installation of the meters shall be such as to ensure full line flow at all times(preferably vertical line installation). The liner material shall be appropriate for the processfluid including its abrasive and coating characteristics. In an approved magnetic flowmeter application, flow meters in the DN 150 (6-inch) and smaller sizes are to be the wafertype while the DN 200 (8-inch) and above are to be flanged connected. The transmittershall be remote mounted separately from the flow tube. Transmitter cabinet mountinghardware will be provided by the supplier (to be offered as an option).

B. The design of the meter and its installation shall provide a stable zero indication and befree from stray current effects of the process fluid. Electrical bonding to adjacent pipingshall be by external electrical copper braided wire from pipe flange to instrument flange onboth ends of the magmeter. 316 Stainless Steel grounding rings shall be provided by thesupplier for all lined or non-conductive piping installations. In addition, there shall be aelectrical ground connection provided to the transmitter body to accept a grounding wireto earth ground.

C. The special shielded cable between the magmeter and its amplifier electronics shall beprovided by the magmeter supplier. Signal wiring shall be run in separately from theinstrument power wiring for best possible noise reduction.

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10.3 FLOWINSTRUMENTSANDACCESSORIES

The selection of flow measurement devices shall be based on the following:

Differential pressure transmitters in conjunction with square edged concentric orifice

plates shall generally be used for process and utility flow measurement.

Coriolis flow meters shall be used where mass flow measurements are required and for

high accuracy applications such as condensate metering.

Magnetic flow meters shall only be used for electrically conductive fluids including

viscous, congealing and slurry services. This meter can be used for sea water, potablewater, and produced water services.

Positive displacement flow meters shall be used only where process conditions make

orifice flow meter, Coriolis or vortex meters unsuitable. The use of PD meters is subjectto client approval.

Ultrasonic flow meters shall be used for high accuracy gas flow metering in line sizes

above DN200.

Vortex Flow meters may be used for gas/oil services in piping up to and including

DN300. This meter is also used where low pressure loss application is required.

Annubars may be used for low pressure loss applications for liquid carrying pipe sizes(greater than 150 mm) in utility services providing the fluid is clean and accuracy is notvery important and is not preferred for critical control service. Wherever used, theelements must be checked for vibration fatigue due to flow. Annubars to be suppliedwith on-line retractable type assembly.

Variable area flow meters shall be used for the local indication of chemical injection fluids

and purge flows. Application should be limited to utility services in lines 50mm or less.

Meter factor and design conditions shall be permanently engraved on the meter

nameplate.

10.4 ORIFICE PLATES

For pipe nominal size equal to or greater than 14, D-D/2 tapping shall be used in place offlange tapping. The d/D (beta) ratio shall be between 0.2 and 0.7. For line sizes lesser than2, the pipe shall be increased to 2 along the measuring section, taking into considerationthe requirements specified in ISO5167. The straight length requirements are as shown onrelevant ISO 5167 tables.

Orifice type flow measurements shall be used up to rangeability equal to three, within theaccuracy limits.

Venturi tubes may be selected when a relatively high accuracy is required with low-pressuredrop in the system.

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Flow Nozzle may be selected where venturi tube is very long either where erosion orcavitations or Reynoldss number prohibits the use of square edged orifice plates.

The preferred differential pressure range at the maximum design flow rate is 250 mbar.Differential Pressure ranges 0 - 50, 0 -125 and 0 - 500 mbar may also be considered.The transmitter shall preferably be of the smart type with modular microprocessor basedelectronics suitable for installation in the ambient conditions.Instrument enclosures shall meet electrical classification of the area where located.The piping upstream and downstream of in-line flow meters shall be designed so as tominimise stress on the flow meter assembly and to allow for easy removal of the flow meter.A permanent support frame shall be designed to ensure a perfect alignment of the flowmeter with the piping during mounting.

In general, the type of flow instruments shall be as indicated in the P&IDs.

11. PRESSURE

1. Gauges for control air supply and signal pressures integral to the other instruments shallbe the manufacturers standard. All other process gauges shall be as specified herein.All process gauges shall have a 150 mm dial with 1/2 NPT-M lower threadedconnection. Internal movement parts shall be stainless steel construction with Teflonbearings. All gauges will have adjustable pointers for ease of calibration. All gaugesshall have a weather-proof aluminium case and shutter-proof glass.Accuracy shall be 1% of full range. The diaphragms internal filling fluid will be silicon

oil.

11.1 PRESSURE SWITCHES

2. For all pressure switches, the element type shall be piston and diaphragm seal. Setpoint drift shall not exceed 1 percent of switch action setting for a 10C ambienttemperature and a change of -5to 66 C. Each pressure switch shall be suitable forbottom connection and a mounting flange shall be supplied for surface mounting.Sockets shall be machined with a wrench fit for installing and removing the switch. Allelectrical conduit connections shall be 3/4 inch NPT female, and all pressure

connections shall be 1/2 inch NPT female.Set point and dead band shall be adjustable continuously and independently.

12. LEVEL INSTRUMENTS

12.1 GENERAL

All level instrumentation tappings shall be made on stand pipes or on the body of vessel asindicated in the P&IDs.Use of stand pipes should be restricted to special case, since they may introduce systematicmeasurement errors as a result of density variations.

A gauge glass/local indicator is generally required for every level measurement on all tanksand vessels. If the vessel contains internal baffles or weir, gauge glass shall be supplied oneach side of the baffle or weir.

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Magnetic type level transmitters, Displacer type level transmitters or DP type may beconsidered for level measurement.Differential Pressure instruments for level measurement shall be used in the followingapplications:

Services that require purging or sealing.

Services where there is a well-defined difference in density between the media being

measured.

Where reliability is important and moving part type transmitters are susceptible to damage /

failure.All level instrument drains on hydrocarbon pressure vessels shall be hard piped directly to the

plant drain system.Where the number of vessel nozzles is uneconomical, the use of a standpipe may beconsidered.The vessel connections shall be selected to ensure that the liquid in the standpipe isrepresentative of the vessel (i.e a connection shall be in the gas phase, a connectionhydrocarbon phase and a connection water phase). Each instrument connected to thestandpipe shall be provided with isolation valves in accordance with the piping requirements.

12.2 LEVEL GAUGES

Level gauges shall cover the complete range of the measured / monitored level including the

span of level transmitters, level alarms and trip transmitters / switches.

Transparent, Bicolour and Reflex gauges shall be fitted with toughened glass and shall besupplied with protection against damage where these types of gauges are required.

Transparent type shall be used for interface between liquids measurements.

When greater total visibility is required, multiple gauge glass units may be installed andstaggered to ensure continuous visible length.

Gauges shall be fitted with a maximum of four sections.

Glass level gauges to be used up to 1600 mm (63) between connectors.

All glass gauges shall be supplied with a shut-off valve on the top and bottom mountings.Shut-off valves shall be of quick acting, offset type and should have bolted bonnets and fittedwith a shut off ball checks, except on vacuum service.

Glass level gauges shall be fitted with flow restriction devices to minimise loss of medium inthe event of glass failure.

Tubular level gauges may be used for atmospheric pressure vessels with ambienttemperature containing non flammable liquid. The length shall not exceed 1000mm.

Reflex style level gauges shall be used on utility services only.Externally mounted magnetic follower level gauges shall be used on all hydrocarbon servicesin place of transparent gauge glasses.

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Magnetic level gauges to be used up to 2500 mm (98) between connections.

Vent and drain connections shall be provided for all types of Level Gauges as a standard.Trim for valves & cocks shall be SS 316 minimum.

12.3 LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

Level transmitters shall be either displacer type or differential pressure type.

Displacer type shall not be considered when the range exceeds 45, beyond this range DPtype can be used. Displacers shall be externally mounted chambers with side entry, upper and

lower connections. The head shall be of routable type.

The instrument connection shall be 2 or 3 flanged as indicated in the instrument datasheetswith rating and specification equal to vessel nozzles. The drains shall be flanged to pipingclass duty.

DP type transmitters shall be used for minimum ranges 48 and beyond the range of Displacertype range (45), in steam drum level measurement application, in level measurement forhighly viscous fluids, or vaporizing liquids or where excessive vibrations are expected.

Measurement interface(if required)Continuous measurement of interface between two dielectric constant liquid very different, for

example in case of oil and water.The measure is independent of density, temperature and conductivity Electronic versions forthe simultaneous measurement of level / interface and the total level in liquids Integration ofsystems is available with HART analog 4 - 20mAThe type guided microwave shall be use for continuous measurement of level in liquids.for high pressure and / or temperatureVersions for measuring the level of the interface values of total levels constant.Available PROFIBUS PA and FOUNDATION Fieldbus

12.4 ULTRASONIC LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

3. Ultrasonic level transmitters shall have a 4-20 mA output, 2 SPDT contacts local readout,and capable of providing reliable measurement in the given process environment. Allinstruments shall be housed in a minimum IP 55 enclosure unless otherwise specified.De-attachable calibration units are preferred to eliminate corrosion and infiltrationproblems encountered with keyboards exposure to unit environments.

4. Two calibrators shall be provided for field calibration where manufactures require suchdevices for calibration or parameter adjustments. Local indication will be softwareselectable for level display units and scaling factor.

5. Loss-of-Echo and self-diagnostics alarms are required features for ultrasonic levelinstrumentation.

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12.5 LEVEL SWITCHES

External cage mounted Displacer type level switches shall be used for the vessels.

Displacer type switches shall be mounted in external chambers with side entry upper and sidelower connections. The chamber shall be flanged, glandless and switches magneticallyoperated. Switches shall have one set of SPDT contacts as a minimum.

The instrument connection shall be 2 flanged with rating and specification equal to vesselnozzles. The drains shall be flanged to piping class duty.

For alert thresholds intervention may be used the transmitters. ( DP transmitters may beused, level transmitters instead ).

13. CONTROL VALVES & SHUT DOWN VALVES

1.2 CONTROL VALVES

13.1.1 GeneralGenerally all control valves for process liquids, and high pressure steam and gas shall haveglobe bodies. Globe valves with equal percentage trim shall be generally used in liquidservice with due consideration to the limitation of high recovery valve designs. Valve sizeshould not be more than two sizes smaller than that of pipe size.If the valve size must be reduced by more than two pipe sizes, the piping mechanical stressshall be validated. Valves in flashing services shall be of line size with reduced trim.

Large volume flows at lower differential pressures should be controlled by butterfly valves.Butterfly valves may be considered for water service in sizes 150 mm and larger, also in lowpressure drop applications.

Large volume flows and high shut-off differential pressures should be controlled by full boreball valves or characterized ball valves.Special body types shall be considered for unusual applications such as cavitation, flashing,highly erosive or viscous streams or for noise control.Where control valves with a very low valve capacity (Cv factor) are required, these may beminiature type with needle-type trim.Angle-body valves may be used for the following services:Services in which noise levels higher than the allowed limit can occur.Services in which cavitation can occur.Services in which flashing can occur.

Control valves shall be single seated trim with plug or stem guiding or cage trim.

13.1.2 Sizing

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Control valves shall be sized by the VENDOR in accordance with IEC 60534-2-1 or ISA75.01.01 and as per requirements of the individual data sheet.

Control valves should not be required to work outside the limits of 10% to 90% of their stroke.

Maximum rangeability could be reached, if the Cv is calculated taken in to the followingconsiderations

Cv Maximum is calculated using the maximum flow in conjunction with the minimum

pressure drop across the valve. It is selected by usually increasing the maximumcalculated Cv by a 20-30% value.

Cv Minimum is calculated using the minimum flow in conjunction with the maximum

pressure drop across the valve and the same run conditions. It is selected by usuallyhaving a minimum Cv equal to 15- 20% of the selected valve Cv.

Unless otherwise specified, the selected Cv shall be at least 120% to 140% of design capacityfor linear trim and 130% to 160% for equal percentage trim.

Unless otherwise specified, butterfly valves shall be sized to control between 10 and 60 ofthe disk opening, with the exception of valves with characterized disk, which must sized for amaximum angle of 90. However, the VENDOR shall be responsible for sizing calculationsand valve selection to meet all flow conditions specified in the datasheets.

In order to reduce the velocity of the medium to a value lower than the stated limits, it ispermitted to use valves with oversized bodies and reduced trim.

13.1.3 Valve Construction

BODY

The pressure rating of globe valves shall be ANSI 300# as a minimum. Body material ingeneral shall be in accordance with the piping specification and process fluid characteristics.

For cast body valves, end flanges shall be cast integral with the body.

Welded flanges are acceptable for valves with forged bodies, provided that the work isexecuted according to ASME Section VIII standards.Flanges of carbon steel body control valve shall be sized in accordance with ASME B16.5 andflanges of stainless steel body shall be sized in accordance with ASME B16.34.Unless otherwise specified the surface texture normally required for gasket surfaces of raisedface flanges is between 125 ~ 250 AARH in accordance with ASME B46.1. Butt valve ends forbutt welding (BW) shall comply with Standard ASME B16.25. Valve ends for socket welding(SW) shall comply with Standard ASME B16.11.Valves with threaded connections (NPT) shall comply with Standard ASME B1.20.1.Control valve body sizes shall be minimum 1". Body sizes of 1", 2", 3", 5 and other odd

sizes shall not be used.The valve body shall be provided with an arrow, either directly in the casting or by way of aplate attached to the body, showing direction of flow. Three-way valves shall be clearlymarked to show the normally open passage.

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Unless otherwise specified, the connections for heating of the valves with jacketed body shallbe NPT (F), with ASME B1.20.1 NPT thread.

BONNET

Bonnet shall be rated for the same pressure and temperature values as those adopted for thebody. The bonnet shall be of standard design.

In cases where operating temperature of the fluid is from 0 down to -100C or above 230Cwhere the operator gland packing is less than 150 mm above the valve, extended bonnet shallbe considered.

Extended bonnets may not be required in the processes above 230 C, if graphite based orother high temperature packing is used.

If the process fluid is toxic or highly flammable, then bellows or pressurized seal shall beconsidered.

TRIM

A low torque valve plug type shall be used for butterfly valves for large flows. Valve seats shallbe easy to disassemble and replace.

Cage trims shall be used in the case of special conditions of noise, rangeability, and high

differential pressure. Valves may be double seated with top / bottom guides or single seatedtrim with plug or stem guiding or cage trim.

Special trims such as multiple stage cages can be used to avoid phenomena such ascavitations or to limit its negative effects.

In the case of high-pressure drops and elevated gas flow-rates, labyrinth or multiple stagevalve elements may be employed in order to remain within acceptable noise limits.

For globe type and eccentric rotating plug type control valves, trim characteristics in generalshall be:

Equal percentage, if the drop of pressure acting on the valve at maximum flow rate isless than 1/3 (approx.) of the pressure drop of the system (Valve & Line).

Linear in all other cases.

For butterfly valves, characterized ball valves (e.g. "V-ball") and angle valves, characteristicwill depend on the valve type and on the VENDOR's design.

The leakage class of the trim shall be established according to ANSI FCI 70-2. Valve trim shallbe generally be AISI 316 material, unless fluid characteristics and process conditions requiresa different material.

In general, the plug, the seat and the guiding shall be stellited or hardened stainless steel inthe following cases,

When the process fluid is a liquid with suspended solids.

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In the presence of liquids that vaporize in the valve body with resulting phenomena offlashing and cavitations.

When the pressure differential at the valve inlet or outlet ports at maximum flow-rate

is > 7 bar ( 5 bar for steam).

When operating temperature is greater than 315C.

As an alternative to the above, other types of special materials suggested by the VENDORmay be taken into consideration.

13.1.4 Sound Pressure Level (Noise Characteristics)

The sound pressure level of control valves, in accordance with IEC 60534-8-2/4 standard

shall be lower than 85 dBA (measured at 1 m downstream of the valve and 1 m from the pipewalls), unless otherwise indicated. The VENDOR shall supply noise calculations.If the predicted noise level is found to exceed 85 dBA control valve shall be treated for noise.Source treatment shall be the preferred solution to lower noise values, diffusers may beconsidered as necessary.

13.1.5 Actuators

Actuators shall also be suitable for trouble-free operation in the stated environments.Actuators shall normally be spring returned pneumatic diaphragm type, with adjustable springranges. Their normal operating range shall be 0.2 to 1.0 bar (g) but shall not exceed 4.0 bar(g).

Piston actuators may be used in special applications (e.g., when high valve stem loading isrequired).

The actuator shall be sized by the VENDOR to ensure operation under the worst possibleconditions, e.g. with maximum differential pressure and valve closed and with the minimumactuator air supply pressure and considering the leakage requirements.

All pneumatic actuators shall be suitable for operation with non-lubricated dry air.

Mechanical stop travel, if required as per data sheets shall be adjustable throughout the fullrange.

The stem for diaphragm and piston type actuators shall be designed in such a way as toeliminate possible rotation.

All actuators shall be provided with a travel indicator device and the open and closed positionof the valve must also be clearly indicated. For butterfly valves the position of the disc shall bedisplayed at the end of the shaft around which the disc rotates.

Unless otherwise indicated in the data sheet, pneumatic connections of the actuators shall be" NPT, to meet the required operating time for control valves and other valves.

Spring shall be surface treated to protect against corrosion caused by adverse ambient

conditions.

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13.1.4 AccessoriesGenerally the Control Valves shall be equipped with the Hand wheel and shall be sidemounted.The accessories such as air filter regulators, positioners, etc shall have NPT (F) threadscompliant to ASME B1.20.1.

All control valves shall be provided with electro pneumatic positioners unless there is anyexceptional case specified. Normal command signal shall be 4-20 mA to electro pneumaticpositioners.

Critical control valves, subject to either high temperature or vibration, shall have separate I/Ptransducer mounted on the support near the valve, subject to COMPANYs approval.

Positioners shall be with weatherproof enclosure. The protection degree of the casing forpneumatic positioners shall be at least IP 65 to IEC 60529.

All the electrical accessories of control valves located in hazardous area shall be certifiedEExd and IP 65 as minimum or to higher area of certification as indicated in data sheets. Allelectronic instrumentation shall have threaded cable entries of M20 x 1.5 ISO or NPT (F)per ASME B1.20.1.

Air filter regulators shall be combination of filter regulator, die cast aluminium body, and castdrip well complete with a compatible 63 mm diameter pressure gauge.

1.3 SHUT DOWN AND BLOW DOWN VALVES

The On-Off valves required to divide and depressurize (if necessary) the plant in emergencyconditions shall be fire safe.

Shut-Down and Blow-Down valves shall preferably be ball type valves. The valve shall be tightshut-off metal seat. The valve tightness shall be within limits given in API 527 (for gaseousduty) and ASME VIII (for liquid and steam duty).The blow-down valve actuator shall have a spring-to-open action, while shut-down isolation

valve actuator shall have a spring-to-close action. Large size valves > 8 and valves with veryhigh differential pressure in close position may be fitted with double acting piston actuator. Anaccumulator air tank shall be provided for the double acting piston actuator to allow for at leastthree (3) valve strokes in case of supply failure.Actuators shall be sized such that they are capable of full operation from open to close orclose to open with a minimum air pressure signal of 4 bar (g) at the maximum upstreampressure and the minimum downstream pressure. Sizing of depressurizing valves shall bebased on the assumption that during a fire, all feed and output streams to and from thesystem are stopped and all internal heat sources within the process have ceased.

All valves shall be equipped with local control panel suitable to operate the valves locally in

manual.For the main valves on production line, the actuator shall be provided with partial strockingtest settled to 15% of closing valve.

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All the accessories shall be mounted on the valve in a common assembly. Solenoid valvesshall be located as close as possible to the valve to minimize time lags whenventing/supplying. Instrument air supply lines and pneumatic signal lines, shall be made upfrom 316 stainless steel tubing and compression fittings.

Each valve actuator shall have 2 position switches, at least, and close valve positionindication connected to a remote system.

14. SAFETY VALVESThe selection, sizing, design, fabrication and installation of Safety Relief Valves shall be inaccordance with latest editions of codes.

Safety & Relief valves shall be sized in accordance to ANSI/API RP520. Painting shall followthe project painting specification.

1.4 SIZING & DESIGN

Sizing, design and installation shall be in accordance with the following standards:

ASME Section I Boilers ASME Section VIII Pressure Vessels Div. 1.

API 520 Parts 1 & 2 Recommended practice for the design and installation of

pressure relieving system in refineries

API 521 Guide for pressure relief and depressurizing system

API 526 Flanged steel safety relief valves

API 527 Commercial seat tightness of safety relief valves with metal to metal parts

API 2000- Venting atmospheric and low pressure storage tanks

All Standard should be listed under sect.2

Valves shall be selected to ensure that the actual orifice areas of the valves are sufficientlylarge for the effective orifice areas, derived in accordance with the sizing formulae containedin API 520, Part-I, Appendix C to comply with 90% capacity limitation imposed by ASME Sec.VIII code.

The over pressure given as a percentage of set pressure shall be:

Lower than 25% for valves discharging liquids

Lower than 10% for valves discharging gases

Lower than 3% for valves installed on steam generators

Balanced bellows relief valves shall be used for backpressure greater than 10% but lower

than 25% of the set pressure.

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Pilot operated valves shall be used for backpressure valves grater than 50% or to coverstaggered relief scenarios witch would otherwise be covered by a set of conventional reliefvalves.

1.5 VALVECONSTRUCTION

Body

Valve bodies shall be cast carbon steel as a minimum requirement.

Valve bodies shall in general be flanged and flanges are to be an integral part of the bodycasting and not attached by welding. Valves shall in general be of the full nozzle full lift type.

All safety relief valves on steam, air, water (> 60 C) duty shall be provided with lifting leversand open bonnet.

Unless otherwise indicated end connection details shall be as below:

Threaded end connection shall be to NPT as per ANSI B1.20.1

Flanged end connection shall be to ANSI B16.5

Flange face finish shall be serrated concentric to paragraph 6.4.4.1; 6.4.4.2 and 6.4.4.3 of

ANSI B16.5.

Generally relief valves shall have flanged inlet/outlet connection in accordance with piping

specification.

Bonnet

Bellows seal valves shall be provided with vented bonnets. On pure steam services openspring bonnets shall be supplied unless specified.

The bonnet shall be:

Open or with extension when the temperature is greater than 232oC and the discharge is

to atmosphere.

With extension when the temperature is greater than 400oC and the discharge is piped.

Closed in all other cases.

MaterialsRelief valve materials shall be compatible with the process conditions and shall be inaccordance with the piping specification and bodies shall be cast steel as a minimumrequirement.

Valve trim i.e. nozzle, disc holder, stem guide, blow down ring, ring pin and bushing shall as aminimum requirement be stainless steel 316.

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The following material shall be used for the springs:

Stainless steel for discharge temperature lower than - 60oC.

Carbon steel for discharge temperature between -60oC and +232oC.

Tungsten alloy steel spring for discharge temperature greater than +232oC

Carbon steel springs shall be coated to resist corrosion preferably by phosphating treatmentor equivalent.

For balanced seal valves bellows can be of AISI 316L SS.

Special material (e.g. aluminium metallized alloy springs) shall be used in case of sour gasservice, to comply with NACE requirements.

Generally seat pressure seal ring will be provided for conventional as well as balanced sealvalves to avoid leakages and costly product loss as well as costly down time in the followingcases:

Operation too close to set pressure

Light, hard to hold fluids

Entrained foreign particles and solids

Vibratory applications

Corrosive fluids

Nozzle icing conditions

1.6 ACCESSORIES

Accessories required shall in general be as follows and shall conform to standards

Plain lifting levers shall be provided for hot water (above 60C) for steam and air services.Lifting levers shall not be provided for any other service unless specifically demanded. In sucha case the lever shall be of the packed type.

All valves shall have a screwed cap over the adjusting bolt .Unless required otherwise testgags shall not be provided. If the test gag has to be provided then they shall be provided asloose supplied item and not fitted along with the valve.

Balanced, conventional or Pilot selection criteria:

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Type

Backpressureless than

10% of Setpressure

Back pressuremore than 10%

and less than50% of Set

pressure (*)

Back pressuremore than 50% ofSet pressure (*)

Two phaseflow PSVs

(**)

Conve

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