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![Page 1: 01. Organizing the Elements.notebook - mrmuise.com · 01. Organizing the Elements.notebook 6 September 28, 2016 The Periodic Law •When Mendeleev first organized the table, it was](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050718/5e16f2351e15fd19ee7203c6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
01. Organizing the Elements.notebook
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Organizing the Elements
• Few elements were known for thousands of years
• As of 1700, only 13 elements had been identified.
• 5 more were discovered between 1765 and 1775 (including H, N, and O)
• Chemists needed to find a way to organize all of the elements.
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• Chemists used the properties of elements to sort them into groups
• Elements were originally grouped into triads that shared similar properties (Chemist J.W. Dobereiner - 1829)
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• 1869 - Dmitri Mendeleev pubished a periodic table that could be used to predict the elements.
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• Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order
• Blanks were left in his periodic table to show that elements with certain properties were yet to be found.
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The Periodic Law• When Mendeleev first
organized the table, it was organized by atomic mass.
• This caused problems with pairs of elements in the table (ex - Te and I)
• Mendeleev did not know about that the atoms in each element contain a unique number of protons.
• In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
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• There is a repetition of properties with the elements when we look at the periods (rows, left to right) and groups (columns, up and down)
• The period number gives the number of energy levels in an atom. The group number gives the number of electrons in an outer level (for the representative elements).
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• The periodic law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
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Metals, Nonmetals, and Metaloids
• For scientists to communicate clearly, they need to agree on the standards they will use.
• The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an organization that sets the standards for chemistry.
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• Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
• Across a period, the properties become less metallic and more nonmetallic.
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• Metals - about 80% of elements are metals
Metals Nonmetalsgood conductors of heat and
electricity
poor conductors of heat and electricity (*Exception is
carbon)
high luster (reflects light) dull (absorbs light)
ductile - pulled into wires
malleable - hammered or bent brittle
solids solids, liquids, and gaseslose electrons to form positive
ionsgain electrons to form negative
ions
• Metalloids (8 elements on either side of the staircase) *exception is aluminum, which is a metal
• Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
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