01 hap4 4-space - hourly analysis program - carrier

HAP 4.4 Basic Training SeminarHAP 4.4 Basic Training Seminar

Introductions

Your name and company name

How many years in the HVAC business?

What is your level of experience with thissoftware?

HAP 4.4 Basic Training Seminar

CARRIER’S E20-II DESIGN SOFTWARES

Block Load Program

Refrigerant Piping Program

Chilled Water Piping Program

Duct Design Program

Hourly Analysis Program

WHAT IS HAP?

HAP is a computer tool which assistsengineers in designing HVAC System,for commercial Buildings.

First, it is a tool for estimating loadsand designing systems.

Second, it is a tool for simulatingenergy use and calculating energycosts.

Summary reports can be used tocompare building design alternatives

TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP

SystemDesignMode


EnablingEnergyAnalysisOption


EnergyAnalysisMode

HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES

Easy to use load calculation.

System-based design (sizingbased on equipment type.

Based on ASHRAE TransferFunction Method for loadcalculation

Calculate design cooling andheating loads for spaces, zonesand coils in the HVAC System.

Determines required airflow ratesfor spaces zones and system.

Size chillers and boilers.

HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES

HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES

Uses detailed 8,760 hour-by-hourenergy simulation technique forenergy analysis.

Exceeds to minimum requirementsfor the energy cost budgetcompliance path for ASHRAEStandard 90.1

Models different types of electricand fuel rates.

Simulate hour-by-hour operationof all HVAC systems in thebuilding.

Simulate hour-by-hour operationof all plant equipment in thebuilding.

Simulate hour-by-hour operationof non-HVAC systems, forexample lighting and appliances.

Calculate total annual energy useand energy cost.



Generate tabular and graphicalenergy reports of hourly, daily,monthly and annual data.

Estimates the total emission ofCO2, SO2 and NOX due to theconsumption of energy andfuel.

0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 4:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00

HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM

PROJECT MODELING

• ProjectModeling

• Building BlockApproach

BUILDING

PLANT EQUIPMENT

AIR SYSTEMS

ZONES

SPACES

ELEMENTS

Energy Simulation Only

ELEMENTS

The Smallest Segment of the Load

People, Lights, Other Watts, Walls,Roofs, Floors, Etc.

Internal Load Elements Can BeScheduled

Proper ASHRAE TFM Equationsare Applied to each Element

SPACES

Smallest Area of the Building ThatYou Can Input

Allows Collection of Thermal LoadsFrom the Elements

Can be One Room, or a Series ofRooms Depending on Your Goal

May or May NOT Have a Thermostat

ZONES

Group of One or More SpacesSharing One Thermostat

Single Zone Constant Volume(SZCV) Systems - Direct Control ofCompression

Multiple Zone Systems Sub-ZoneControl Example: VAV Box Damper

AIR SYSTEMS

Equipment and Controls ThatProvide Conditioning to aRegion of a Building

Can Serve Up To 100 Zones

Most Typically Represents anAir Handling System,Packages Rooftop Units orSplit systems

Effect of Control System isConsidered

PLANTS

Equipment & Controls ProvidingCooling and/or Heating to Coils inone or more air systems

Examples: Chiller Plants, Hot WaterBoiler Plants and Steam BoilerPlants

User Models “Generic” or Specific“User-defined “

Can Serve Up To 250 Air Handlers

BUILDINGS

A Sum of all HVAC and Non-HVACSystems to Estimate OperatingCosts

Utility Rate Structures Applied

Miscellaneous Building EnergyConsumption

Energy Reports in Dollars

DATA LIMITS FOR ENTITIES

UnlimitedSchedules10.

External Shading Geometries

Doors

Windows

Roofs

Walls

Plants

Systems

Zones Per Air System

Spaces

Data Entity

Unlimited9.

Unlimited8.

Unlimited7.

Unlimited6.

Unlimited5.

1004.

1003.

2502.

1,2001.

Limit Per ProjectSl. #

WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP

Define the Scope and Objectives ofthe design analysis

Gather data about the building,weather and the equipment

Enter the data into HAP

• Create Project

• Define Weather Data

• Enter Construction Materials

• Enter Schedules

• Enter Space Data

Enter Air System Data

Enter Plant Data

Use HAP to generate systemand plant design

Select equipment from E-CAT.


Enter Utility Rate Data

Enter Building Data

Generate Simulation Report

Evaluate Results


For performing Energy Analysis:

System Requirements

System Requirements (Minimum):

• Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT (Service Pack 4or later), ME, 2000 or XP.

• 80486 Or Higher Microprocessor

• 25 to 30 Megabytes Space on Hard Drive.

• VGA with at least 800 x 600 resolution and 256colors.

• At least 128 MB of RAM.

• A Mouse

• CD-ROM Drive

• Creates E20-IIFolder andSubfolders

– Archives

– Enviro

– HAP 4.4

– Code

– Project

– Temp

– Weather

Installation & Data Management

STARTING HAP 4.40

Windows Start BarWindows Start Bar

ProgramsPrograms

Carrier ECarrier E--cat and E20cat and E20--II ProgramsII Programs

Hourly Analysis ProgramHourly Analysis Program

SPLASH SCREEN

OK

PROGRAM SCREEN

• Auto Prompt toOpen ExistingProject (Listed inSelection Window)

MAIN PROGRAM WINDOW

Title bar

Menu bar Bubble Bar

Status bar

Explorer Grid

Details Grid

PROJECTS

A “Project” contains data relatedto a specific job.

Create a separate project foreach job.

Save a project either in thedefault folder: E20-II\Projects\ProjectName orSpecify a folder yourself.

Projects can be archived to ahard disk, to a zip drive or floppydisks for safekeeping.

• Project Template

– Save Project As

• Name New Project

• Create New Folder

– Note Drive andPath determinedby user

EmbeddedPath

Save a Project

Data Management

• Archive/Retrieve orConvert

Archive/ Retrieve a Project

PROGRAM DEMO

HAPHAP

How toArchive aProject

• Converting Previous HAPversion Project Data

• HAP Data Source

– Archive

– Active

• Active

– Choose Project from list

Live Demo

Convert a Project

• Importing HAP Data

– Project

– Import Data

– Select project toimport from

– Select ALL items toimport

– Click on ImportButton

– Confirm import

Import Project Data

• ImportgbXML

Import gbXML Data

Data Management


• Import Features

• Publish, e-Mail andExport

• Project Properties

• Project Path

Publish, E-mail & Export

• Create EquipmentTags

• e-Mail Project toCarrier SalesEngineer

• Select ventilationstandard

Publish, E-mail & Export

• Create EquipmentTags

• e-Mail Project toCarrier SalesEngineer

• Select ventilationstandard

Project Ventilation Standard

Data Management


• Import Features

• Publish, e-Mail andExport

• Project Properties

• Project Path

Project Properties

• Project list shows project nameand folder location.

• Sort alphabetically ascending ordescending on either the projectname or the project folder

• New “Find” button

– Used to find and add projectsthat don’t currently appear inyour projects list

• Access project data across thenetwork and/or data recoverysituations.

Project Path

• How “Lost” or“Disconnected” projectscan be reconnected tothe project list

• If project was deleted butis still on the list, use theRemove button toremove the project fromyour list.

• If a project was renamed,moved or remapped,then you can press theFind button to search forit.

Find a Project

• On the Find Project dialog pressthe Help button for an overview ofthe dialog features

• The Change button changes thesearch path from the default pathD:\E20-II\Projects to differentdrives or paths specified.

• Permits sharing of projects whenusers are running standalonecopies of the program. If a projectis saved to a folder on a sharednetwork drive. User can use the“Find” feature to locate the projectand add it to his project list.

Find a Project

• The Carrier software has the followingcapabilities in a network environment.

The software is network aware.

It permits sharing of data among users.

It permits sharing of programs among users.

It permits sharing of printers among users.

It is not client/server software.

It does not permit concurrent access to data.

Net work Installation

Installing the Software

On Windows 32 or 64 Bit OS

• Log in as the Network Administrator.

Stand Alone: Install to Local Drive

Network Install: any Network Drive

When Prompted:

• Enter Company Name ChooseOperating Mode

• Assign Read, Write, Create andDestroy Privileges


Stand Alone

HAP Installed on Local Drive

Project Data May Be Stored On LocalDrive Or The Network, But Only theCreating User Can Access It.

User May Share With Others ViaArchive/Retrieve

Read, Write, Create & Destroy PrivilegesRequired To Create, Delete, orModify Projects If They Are NotStored On Local Drive


Network, All Data Shared

Access To Any Project From AnyTerminal With HAP Installed

Projects May Be Stored On Any DriveDesired

Read, Write, Create & DestroyPrivileges Required To Create,Delete, or Modify Projects

Projects Protected From SimultaneousAccess By Users


HELP

Help can be accessed in 2 ways:

• By pressing F1 Key or • Through HAP’s Help Menu

USING THE HELP SYSTEM IN HAP

Accessing Help

• The on-line helpsystem for HAP canbe launchedwithout runningHAP.

• Help sub-groupappears beneaththe “Carrier E-CATand E20-IIPrograms” group.

COMPARISON BETWEEN HAP & BLOCKLOAD

Not AvailableAvailableEconomizer

Not AvailableAvailableReheat

Not AvailableAvailableHeat Reclaim

Not AvailableAvailableHumidification

Air system Components8

50250No. of air Systems that can be Entered7

1501200No. of Zones/Spaces that can be entered6

Not AvailableAvailableOption of space5

Not AvailableAvailableSizing of Chiller/Boiler4

Not AvailableAvailableAll Types of Systems e.g., AHU, FCU, VAV,VVT, FPB in Specific

3

Not AvailableAvailableSchedule for People, equipment, TStats, etc.2

SameASHRAE TransferFunction

Load Estimating Method1

Blockload V. 4.1HAP V. 4.40FeaturesSl. #

WEATHER DATA

DESIGNWEATHERDATA

LOADESTIMATING

SIMULATIONWEATHERDATA

ENERGYESTIMATING

DESIGN WEATHER DATA

24-hour profile of Design Weather for ALL12 months; DB, WB, and Solar

Data is used to estimate design coolingloads using ASHRAE Transfer FunctionMethodology

Source: 2001 ASHRAE Handbook ofFundamentals

ASHRAE Winter Design DB, Coincident WBat 50 % RH are used for design heatingloads, facilitating Humidification calculations

600+ Cities Globally (On HAP CD)

WEATHER DATA SETUP

Design Parameters

• Middle East, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh

Accept ASHRAE Defaults

• GMT -3 Hr., No Daylight Savings

Design Temperature

• Monthly Max/Min (Use Program Defaults)

• Hourly Details (Use Program Defaults)

Design Solar

• Design Daily Max. Solar Heat Gains (UseDefaults)

WEATHER SETUP MENU

Region

Location

City

Use program Defaults

Select

Region,

Location

and City for

the project.

WEATHER SETUP MENU

Based onASHRAE

Can beUserDefined

HourlyDetailedView

Can beUserDefined

Design Temperatures

WEATHER SETUP MENU

Design solar – Design Day Maximum Solar Heat Gains

Adjustable Multiplierseach Month

• Design Data

• System Sizing

– Coils

– Fans

– Boxes

• Energy SimulationUses These Sizes

• Hot Day for EachMonth

• Peak CoolingNeeds

• Cooling is a TimeDependantCalculation

• Heating sizingBased onTemperature

WEATHER SETUP DATA

InputDemo

Wall, Roof and Windows Data

Modeling the Building Envelope

Walls, Roofs,Door and Windows

Stored in Libraries

HAP PROJECT LIBRARIES

Project Libraries

Walls, Roofs,Windows, Doorsand ExternalShading

CommonConstructionTypes Editable ByUser

Custom TransferFunction coefficientCalculator

Enter Wall/Roof Data

Single UI for Defining Walls &

Roofs

Total “R” and Overall “U” Values

Displayed on Input Screens

Utilize up to 10 Layers per

Assembly to Create Necessary

Transfer Function Coefficients

Allows for Much More Massive

and Complex Wall and Roof

Constructions

Windows & Glazing Types

ENTER WINDOWS & DOORS

WINDOWS AND DOORS Calculation EnhancementsBased on ASHRAEprocedures

Store Unlimited Window TypesPer Project

Single UI with Two Levels ofDetail

Doors are now a LibraryComponent

Shading Geometry is nowa Library Component

ENTER WINDOWS & DOORS

SHADING – INTERNAL & EXTERNAL

The Effects of Shading on Solar

Loads and Peak Times

Internal Shading Effects

External Shading Geometry

SHADING – INTERNAL

INTERNAL SHADING

Affects Solar Radiation in Two Ways

• Reduces Overall Transmission ofSolar into Building (Reflects BackOut of Window) ReducingOverall Shade Coefficient

• Changes Rate of ConversionFrom Heat Gain to Cooling Load(Storage Effect of the Mass).


INTERNAL SHADING

Solar Heat is Released Over Time to RoomAir and Becomes Cooling Load. The ShadingDevice Absorbs Solar Heat Transmittedthrough Glass. Shading Device is LessMassive than Walls, Floor Etc., Causing SolarHeat to be Converted to Load Much Fasterthan if Solar Heat Was Absorbed By Floor.

The First Effect Reduces the Total Solar Heat.

The Second Effect Speeds Up the Conversionof Solar Heat Gain to Cooling Load

InternalShade canbe definedwhendefining thewindows


External Shades

EXTERNAL SHADE - OVERHANGS

• Overhang Height– Vertical distance between top

of window opening & bottomof overhang

– Zero for Conference Room

• Overhang Extension– Distance from wall to outer

extension of overhang


EXTERNAL SHADE - FINS

• Fin Separation

– Assumes fins on both sides ofwindow

– Distance between windowopening & fin


• Fin Extension– Distance from the wall to the to

the outer edge of the fin


SHADING – EXTERNAL

EXTERNAL SHADING

Addition of Shade Geometry asa Library Component

Permits Common ShadingGeometry For Reveals, Fins,and Overhangs to be ReusedFrom Space to Space

SHADING – EXTERNAL

WALL CONSTRUCTION

ROOF CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION

EXTERNAL SHADE GEOMETRIES

DOOR CONSTRUCTIONS

SCHEDULES

Real-time” Use of the Building

Engineer Must “Interrogate”

Building User to Determine

“Turndown” of Loads

Completely User Defined

Graphic User Interface Input

Features

SCHEDULES

Schedule Types

FractionalSchedules DefineInternal LoadVariance FromDesign Each Hour

Fan/Thermostat–Switch from Occ toUnocc Mode

Utility Rate Time ofDay – Peak/OffPeak Energy RateSchedule

Up to Eight Profiles

Per Schedule

(Used in both

Design and Energy

Simulation)

SCHEDULES

HAP SCHEDULE TYPES

Profiles may be

Assigned to ANY

Combination of

Day Types and

Months

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULES

Stored In Project

Libraries

HAP LOAD SCHEDULES

Load Schedules

Design load Usage

LIVELIVEPROGRAMPROGRAM

VIEWVIEW

Load Schedules - Multiple Profiles

SPACE INPUT

Smallest Area of the Building ThatYou Can Input

Allows Collection of Thermal LoadsFrom the Elements

Can be One Room, or a Series ofRooms Depending on Your Goal

May or May NOT Have aThermostat

Input Spaces Thermally - Interior vs. Perimeter; North vs.South; Etc.

Accumulate Spaces Into Zones Later

Allows the Most Flexibility When Playing “What If” Zoning GamesLater

Computer Programs Need Enough Detail to Do It Right

SPACE INPUT

SPACE INPUT

• Space

General Tab

• Ceiling Height Linksto ACH Calculationsfor Infiltration andZone MinimumAirflow

• OA Ventilation byASHRAE 62.1-2004Space Usage

SPACE INPUT

SPACE INPUT

Outdoor Air Flow Requirements

If the ventilation standard defines only one outdoor airrequirement, specify it and leave the second requirement valueas zero.When values are specified for both outdoor air requirements ,the program will sum the two ventilation requirements toobtain the total requirement for

Some codes or standards define two requirements peroccupied space. One is typically on a per person basis toaddress pollutants or odors. The second is typically on a perfloor area to address pollutants generated by materials in thespace such as carpeting and furnishings.

VENTILATION

• Activity & use dictate how much fresh air.

• Use ASHRAE Guide lines

13b_CSD401_ DesProjMan _Ver2.1a

VENTILATIONTaken from ASHRAE table 2 of Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation

2.1 Commercial Facilities (Offices, Stores, Shops, Hotels, Sports Facilities)

Application

Office SpaceConference Rooms

EstimatedMaximumOccupancyP/1000sqft

Cfm/Person

Cfm/sqft

Comments

750

2020

.

Some Office equip may need Local Exh .Supplemental smoke removal equip.may be required.

Corridors & Utilities .0.05..

Smoking Lounges 70 60 . .

Public Restroom - cfm/urinalLocker or dressing rooms

50 250.5

Normally supplied by transfer air - localmech exhaust - no recirculation .

Elevators . . 1.0 Normally supplied by transfer air.

Internals Tab– Hyperlink to Schedules

SPACE INPUT

LIGHTING FIXTURE TYPES

• Fixture Type:

– Recessed, vented

• Located above ceiling

• Return air passes over lights

– Recessed, not vented

• Located above ceiling

• Return air does not pass over lights

– Free hanging

• Located below ceiling in the zone space

• Conference Room: Recessed, Vented

LIGHTING

• Watts/SqFt of net floor area or TotalWatts

• Unoccupied Use

– The % used during unoccupiedperiod of day (When Equipment isoff)

• Wattage Multiplier (for fluorescent)

– 1.25 for ballast - standard efficiency

– 1.20 for ballast - high efficiency

LIGHTING- incandescent

MORE COMMONLY USED FLUORESCENT LIGHTS

Ballast Loss = 0.2EE

0.8E

0.8E = Rated WattAmpsBallast = 0.2/0.8 =25%

OCCUPANCY/NUMBER OF PEOPLE

• People Density from ASHRAE

– SqFt/Person (Based on Net FloorArea)

– ASHRAE = 7.0P/1000SqFt (Office)

– 1000/7 = 143 SqFt/P

• Activity Levels (6):

– 6th - User Defined

– Sensible & Latent VariesWith Activity

– Office Work

• 245 Sensible

• 205 Latent

OTHER ELECTRIC

• Equipment in the Zone

– Computers

– Machinery

• Watts/sq. ft. of Net Floor Area:

Easily up to 0.5 w/sq.ft in offices

• Unocc. Use: 0 %

MISCELLANEOUS LOADS

• Sensible & Latent from non-electric sources

• Unusual Loads

– Gas-Fired Equipment

– Bunsen Burners

– Exothermic Reactions

– Evaporation

– Steam Leaks

– Piping, Tanks


DefineWalls, Windows,Shading and Doors onthe Fly

SPACE INPUT

• Define Walls, Windows,Shading and Doors onthe Fly

SPACE INPUT

SPACE INPUT

Define Schedules, Walls, Roofs, Windows and External ShadingGeometry on the Fly

SPACE INPUT

Multiple Door Types in a Space

SPACE INPUT

Roof, Skylights

SPACE INPUT

Infiltration Option to Define in Air Changes Per Hour (Average CeilingHeight Input added)

Infiltration Input L/s /M². Now Refers to Gross Wall Area (NOT Floor Area)

SPACE INPUT

Floors

Transmission Below Grade

Ground Temperature nearthe surface is close to theoutside air temperature,but further down its valuevaries between 45F to60F.There is very limitedimpact on cooling load asmost of the heat transferis a heat loss.

SLAB FLOOR LOSS & WALLS BELOW GRADE

SLAB FLOOR ON OR BELOW GROUND

• Area: Area of slab floor

• Perimeter: Length of slab exterior

• Depth: Distance below ground level

• Program computes basement walls =(perimeter x depth)

Top FloorsTop Floors -- No SlabNo Slab

SPACE INPUT

Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values

Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values

Ability to Directly Specify the Basement

Wall “U”-Value

SPACE INPUT

Partitions

Partitions - Wall nextto Non ConditionedSpace

ConditionedSpace

PartitionsPartitions

Wall next to a space whoseWall next to a space whosetemperature differs from thetemperature differs from thezone design temperaturezone design temperature

Example: Room next toExample: Room next tostairwell or a toiletstairwell or a toilet

Exposed Wall

SPACE INPUT SUMMARY

Space Inputs

Majority of InputTime Spent inModeling Spaces

Hot Keys Linked toSchedules andLibraries

Average ceilingheight - Volumecalculation forinfiltration airchanges

1,200 Uniquespaces per project(Multipliers allowed)

Right Mouse click onHighlighted spaceGives You The:

• Ability to DuplicateSpaces

• Ability to Edit SpaceInputs & Orientation

• Generate Reports

SPACE INPUT

Hands-OnWorkshopHands-OnWorkshop

Space Inputs - Gymnasium

• Refer to handout material fordetailed gymnasium space inputs

SPACE INPUT

LIVELIVEPROGRAMPROGRAM

VIEWVIEW

01 hap4 4-space - hourly analysis program - carrier

Engineering