01 · 2019-05-07 · low-carbon, people-centered model of local development that prioritizes...
TRANSCRIPT
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7 YE ARS IN PERSPECTIVEF O R U M C B 2 7 A C T I V I T I E S R E P O R T ( 2 0 1 2- 2 0 1 9 )
In partnership with:
02
S U M M A R YIntroductionCity Diplomacy - André Fraga ___________________________________________ 02 Brazil and Germany: a successful cooperation in the context of cities and the environment - Jan Woischnik/Marina Caetano ____ 04 The Century of Cities - Rodrigo Perpétuo/Bruna Cerqueira ________ 06
About CB27 _______________________________________________________________ 08
CB27 Highlights ___________________________________________________________10
Overview of Brazilian Capital Cities __________________________________16
History _______________________________________________________________________26
Advances in environmental management agendas _______________ 36
Future of the Forum _____________________________________________________ 40
Governance _________________________________________________________________42
Connect with CB27 ______________________________________________________ 43
CB27 in the News ________________________________________________________ 44
Acknowledgements and credits ______________________________________ 46
04 05
IN T R ODUC T IONCITY DIPLOMACY
with frequent face-to-face meetings, permanent engagement, advocacy with state and national governments, and on-going dialogue in the search for funding and financing. Above all else, the sharing of successful experiences in the most di-verse fronts of sustainability makes the Forum of Secretaries of the Environment of the Brazilian Capital Cities one of the leading players of the present time in top-ics such as municipalism and sustainabili-ty In Brazil. In a short time, we have been able to commit our capital cities with the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy and networks such as ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability. On the other hand, recent research has shown that every CB27 city implement-ed some public policy inspired by another city that is part of the Forum after partic-ipating in meetings and discussions.
Our Forum, which counts on the vital support provided by the Konrad Ade-nauer Foundation and ICLEI, has a col-lective and democratic process of build-ing strategic and priority guidelines, as well as a firm process of monitoring targets and indicators. We have also in-spired the creation of similar networks in other countries.
tional governments fail to reach consen-sus and postpone decisions that must be treated with the utmost urgency. Cities are the key players in the fight against climate change. They must lead the changes, playing a decisive and prom-inent role, since they consume 78% of global energy, are responsible for more than 60% of GHG emissions, and gener-ate 1300 million tons of solid waste.
To overcome this challenge, we see busi-ness as usual as something that cannot be sustained, and that fighting against climate change transfers the money from the cost or expenditure column to that of investment and generation of employ-ment and income. If we understand that climate change is going to happen and that it impacts cities, what is a problem can become a great opportunity. The change in the energy matrix of transport, sustainable construction, and the expan-sion of recycling are actions already exe-cuted by local governments and that con-sider innovation as a critical factor to put them at the forefront of the fight against the effects of climate change.
The CB27 Forum is a relatively new ini-tiative, but it has consolidated maturity,
In 2012, the UN Conference on Sustai-nable Development - Rio+20, brought together 188 countries and ended with timid results and the postponing of targets for low carbon development to
2015. The constant warnings about the impact of global climate change on the economy as well as the urban risks and the health of humankind have not been enough to sensitize national government leaders. Many have not even attended the conference. Others solemnly ignored it. Some leaders went to their country’s stadium to watch a soccer match while the event took place in Rio.
But not all was lost. Some good results and commitments came out of the con-ference. During Rio+20, cities around the world established commitments and goals to reduce GHG emissions by 2030 and, noting that urban centers rose to prominence on the global stage, the UN has invited city networks to join the con-ference in Paris in 2015 officially. There, for the first time, a global climate agree-ment assigned a specific chapter for ur-ban challenges and coping with climate change. This increasingly important role of city diplomacy is a practical response from local leaders to global issues, as na-
ANDRÉ MOREIRA FRAGASecretary of the Sustainable City and
Innovation Department of Salvador
and National Coordinator of CB27
WE ARE, IN FACT,A SUCCESS CASE!
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BRAZIL AND GERMANY: A SUCCESSFUL COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
As you will see throughout this publi-cation, the discussions and exchanges of the Forum inspired environmental management actions and ideas for the Brazilian capital cities. Also, cities are now recognized as key players in the country’s economy and development. Besides gathering cities where a sig-nificant part of the Brazilian population lives (24%), they are increasingly funda-mental elements for the promotion of responsible citizenship and quality of life. Brazilian cities have significant in-frastructure needs for mobility, sanita-tion, solid waste management, re-qual-ification, urban forestry, drainage, among other things, that can and must receive investments on new sustain-able, green and efficient bases, looking to the future. They are also strategic for the conservation of nature and the bal-ance of Brazil’s rich biodiversity.
Germany and Brazil have a historical in-ternational environmental cooperation, and KAS, through its work, contributes to the continuity of this successful part-nership. We share the values of the im-portance of the economic potential of sustainable development and the urgent
for human rights, representative democ-racy, the rule of law, the social market economy, social justice and sustainable development, and currently carries out its international cooperation program through its representation in Rio de Ja-neiro. Since then, it has worked on its initiatives and in cooperation with local partners. However, it was at the be-ginning of the 1990s that the topic of Sustainable Development, reflecting the influence of the United Nations Con-ference on Environment and Develop-ment (ECO 92) in Rio de Janeiro, gained strength and scope through projects and new institutional partnerships.
Approximately 20 years later, Rio+20 also contributed to further discussion and de-bate. In the midst of the preparations for the conference, KAS Brasil formalized the partnership with the Rio de Janeiro’s Department of the Environment (SMAC), with the objective of supporting the meet-ings of the Secretaries of the Environment of Brazilian Capital Cities. This partnership has bequeathed seven years of work to-gether with what would become the Fo-rum of Municipal Secretaries of the Envi-ronment of Brazilian Cities - CB27.
Brazil has a fundamental role in international environmen-tal policy, and the close rela-tionship between the country and Germany has one of its
main driving forces in this area. Both countries stand out on the global stage as critical players and influential leaders in the environmental and climate discus-sions of the last decades.
In 1978, the German Christian Demo-cratic Party (CDU), driven by the reflec-tions generated by the coal crisis and shortage of resources of the previous decades, stipulated in its first politi-cal program that: “the preservation of our vital support system is part of our responsible freedom. Those who irre-sponsibly exploit it in the present and interferes in the ecological relationships violate the solidarity between genera-tions” Since then, the environment has been a relevant part of national policy strategies in the country.
Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS), the po-litical foundation of the Federal Repub-lic of Germany linked to the CDU party, has been in Brazil since 1969. It works
need for action in the face of climate change. In 2019, the Konrad Adenauer Foundation completes 50 years of pres-ence and work in Brazil, with the satis-faction of having the CB27 as partners in this challenging walk. We hope that we can continue to work together to-wards the development of Brazilian cit-ies through responsible and innovative environmental and climate management.
DR. JAN WOISCHNIKDirector of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation
MARINA CAETANOCoordinator of Decentralization and
Sustainable Development Projects of
the Konrad Adenauer Foundation
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THE CENTURY OF THE CITIES
transversality in the municipal adminis-trations, as well as the extension of the scope of their initiatives for civil society and the private sector. ICLEI South America is proud to fulfill its role and mission as a strategic partner of CB27, supporting its planning, con-tent curation and meeting preparation, communication strategies, advocacy co-operation, and operating the Executive Secretariat of the Forum. The actions described in this report tell the seven-year trajectory of CB27 and reflect, in its most recent years, the commitment and quality of the 2017-2018 management staff, led by Secre-tary André Fraga, of Salvador, and the result of a collective and collaborative construction that, we hope, can inspire not only capital cities, but all Brazil-ian municipalities, towards a resilient, low-carbon, people-centered model of local development that prioritizes solu-tions based on nature.
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reconciliation of agendas for prosperity, people, planet, and partnerships gains intensity and convergence in the inter-national system. Brazil is a pioneer in this context, since it hosted Eco 92 and Rio+20, both in Rio de Janeiro.
It was these two inflections that allowed the emergence of another avant-garde movement led by Brazilian cities, the Forum of the Secretaries of the Envi-ronment of the Brazilian Capital Cities, known as CB27. Created in 2012 during Rio+20, with the support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, the Forum has held more than 30 meetings in 23 capi-tal cities, with an average attendance of 20 secretaries per meeting, focusing on topics such as climate change, adapta-tion and resilience, environmental licens-ing, environmental management, and fi-nancing and funding, among many other issues, and offering an environment of exchange of experiences and activities for more sustainability in cities. These 27 cities are aware of their role as multipliers of knowledge and good pub-lic practices and have strived to dissem-inate the knowledge generated within the Forum, both from the perspective of
The Century of Cities is how the world sees the next 100 years of humankind. In fact, it was only in 2007 that most of the world population came
to live in urban areas, and projections point to an exponential growth in the proportion of people leaving the coun-tryside towards the city - by 2050, ur-ban population will account for 68% of the people in the world, and it tends to continue growing.
In the case of Brazil, this phenomenon is already a reality since the second half of the last century. Brazil, the most urban-ized country in Latin America and where more than 84% of people live in urban areas, is the symbol of a challenge that is both ancient, complex and contem-porary: improving the quality of life of people in the cities, allowing them some degree of life dignity.
This phenomenon encounters another global inflection in the second decade of this century: global agreements for sustainable development. In the wake of an international collective effort that began in Stockholm in 1972, it is only as of 2010 that this movement for the
RODRIGO DE OLIVEIRA PERPÉTUO
Executive Secretary of
ICLEI South America
BRUNA CERQUEIRAInstitutional Relations Manager
of ICLEI South America
10 11
ABOUT CB27
After seven years of its cre-ation, which took place in 2012, during the United Na-tions Conference on Sustai-nable Development (Rio+20),
the Forum of the Secretaries of the Environment of Brazilian Capital Cities (CB27) reaches a significant milestone with this publication.
Since 2012, the Forum has consolidated itself as a network and place that fosters the sharing of experience among the Sec-retaries of the Environment of the 26 capi-tal cities of Brazil and the country’s capital, with the goal of promoting the strengthen-ing of urban sustainability and cutting edge environmental agendas and the coordinat-ed action necessary to advance them.
At the kickoff of the network, many of the secretaries were not aware of the issue of climate change, and the dissem-ination of fundamental concepts related to it was one of the first tasks the group proposed. This was such an evolution that, today, 14 capitals have inventories of greenhouse gas emissions.
Forum CB27 has accumulated many advancements and achievements and,
and to disseminate good practices relat-ed to public policies and environmental management in Brazilian capital cities.
You will find here the impacts, advances, testimonials of members and the histo-ry of the Forum, summarized in a time-line. We invite you to get to know Forum CB27 more closely and to note that it is possible to act in an integrated manner in favor of environmental issues in our cities, pointing out ways and illuminating successful initiatives that can be replicat-ed by other municipalities in the country.
It is noteworthy that CB27 has institu-tional and financial support from the Konrad Adenauer Foundation - Brazil Office (KAS Brazil) since its foundation. In 2017, the ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability-, which was already involved in the process of creating and structuring the Forum, joined KAS Bra-zil, contributing with content curation and the institutional strengthening of the group. Such a partnership has been fundamental for the strategic planning and execution of CB27’s meetings.
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nowadays, it is a permanently mobilized and nonpartisan group, concerned with the environmental issues that mobilize the territories and the permanent con-struction and exchange of innovation and solutions for the common problems of Brazilian cities. It went through a resil-ience phase in 2016, with new Secretar-ies of the Environment taking over after the former ones and joining the network after municipal elections nationwide. In spite of the replacement of more than 80% of the secretaries, CB27 managed to re-mobilize the 27 capital cities in 2017 to attend its meetings.
Closer relations with other institutions and organizations, whether public or pri-vate, are also an essential legacy of CB27’s work, which is currently a member of the Tripartite Technical Commission of the National Environmental Council, whose objective is to propose strategies and guidelines to promote shared environ-mental management among the federal, state, and municipal governments.
This publication is part of the Forum’s ef-forts to systematize its activities, provid-ing information on its constitution and history to inspire other similar initiatives
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C B 2 7 H I G H L I G H T S
Measuring the impacts of an action network such as Forum CB27 is no easy task. In addition to the empowerment and autonomy of the capital cities’ environmental secretaries, which is something well-perceived in national and regional meetings
and other shared agendas, many other types of interaction take place among the Forum’s members, such as technical visits, di-rect exchange of knowledge regarding legislation and projects, and closer contacts that happen due to interests and affinities with actions and public policies.
We have gathered here the great numbers generated by the network since its inception.
C B 2 7 H I G H L I G H T S
27Brazilian capital cities represented by their Secretaries of the Environment
2publications with case studies on urban environmental management in Brazil
32meetings held in 23 Brazilian capital cities
14capital cities with inventories of greenhouse gases
5workshops or thematic forums: solid waste, climate change and health, innovative cities, resilient cities, climate, and climate change
21capital cities with segregate collection collection
15capital cities with environmental education plans
18capital cities with solid waste management plans
SYSTEMATIZATION & PUBLISHING of content generated by CB27, available on the institutional site
DOZENS of mentions in technical and academic studies
Member of the Tripartite Technical Commission of Brazil’s National Council for the Environment
CONAMAAll 27 capital cities committed to the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy
Relationship with
49 public and private institutions
1Meeting of the Forum of Hot Cities
C B 2 7 H I G H L I G H T S
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“Looking back at CB27 since its first year of operation, we realize that the vast sharing of experiences between the cities. A recent survey with the secretaries showed that 77% of the cities had implemented some kind of new policy regarding sustainability and climate change because of the exchange of experience that the Forum provides and the contact with other secretaries and other cities. It is important to say that this initiative, which has implemented programs related to licensing, climate change, environmental education, and urban forestry, makes it possible for cities to accelerate the process of implementing public policies. Forum CB27, which is greatly supported by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, has also managed to occupy important institutional spaces in national politics. Today, we are a member of the Tripartite National Commission, all of the State Tripartite Commissions in the country, and several other national climate change forums that Brazil’s Ministry of the Environment has invited us to participate. So, in fact, ours is a successful Forum in results and political action, but also in technical performance. Through groups, we were able to discuss different topics, make referrals, and deliberate. The secretaries are obviously in their cities but, at the same time, they participate in online meetings in an integrated way.”ANDRÉ MOREIRA FRAGASecretary of the Sustainable City and Innovation Department of Salvador and National Coordinator of CB27
T E S T I M O N I A L S
T E S T IMONI A L S
T E S T I M O N I A L S
“CB27 brought about an excellent opportunity for us -- the exchange of experience with the secretaries. Inspired by it, we managed to hold a regional forum, a kind of small CB27, here in Manaus, with the support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation”
ANTÔNIO NELSON DE OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR
Municipal Secretary of the Environment
and Sustainability of Manaus
“Among the projects, we are implementing in Curitiba through the Forum are the TFCA, which is about the payment of inspection fees, and the partnership with Plant for the Planet, an organization that promotes the planting of trees”
DAMARIS SERAPHIMAdviser to the Municipal Department
of the Environment of Curitiba
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“For Recife, the sharing of experience promoted by the CB27 among Brazilian cities has led to the construction of important projects such as the gardens and urban forestry project in Salvador, certification and climate policy in Belo Horizonte, and the of solar energy project in Palmas that serves as a motor for the development of the city.”
MAURICIO GUERRAExecutive Secretary of the Department of Sustainable
Development and the Environment of Recife
“The practical example we took from CB27 to Maceió was eco-points, which we saw in Curitiba. We had already been working on selective garbage collection, and then we put stations in the town’ squares and other public places so that the population can do the discarding and we can collect everything along with the cooperatives that exist in Maceió”
GUSTAVO ACIOLI TORRESMaceió´s Municipal Secretary of
Sustainable Development
“CB27 has brought good things to the cities. Boa Vista took advantage of photovoltaic energy, for example. Today we have markets ready to be inaugurated, and that will rely 100% on this source of power. We already have photovoltaic plants in indigenous units, and all air-conditioned bus stops are also supplied by photovoltaic energy. Manaus wants to implement our solar energy project for use at bus stops. We are sharing the whole project with them. Through CB27, we also took advantage of several training courses and workshops offered by the Brazilian Institute of Municipal Administration (Instituto Brasileiro de Administração Municipal, IBAM”
DANIEL PEDRO RIOS PEIXOTOBoa Vista’s Secretary of Public Services and the Environment
“CB27 gave Vitória a legacy on the issue of health and climate. The lecture by Professor Paulo Saldiva portrayed our cities as having some pathologies that need to be attended to quickly, and that is a mission for CB27. To be deeply involved in this national and global debate, bringing the positive experiences that we have found in other Brazilian capitals, and of course taking a little bit of our experience. The Forum has inspired us to take different actions in Vitória, particularly on the issue of urban forestry. We have had an Arborization Master Plan since 2014, but CB27 and the experience of other Brazilian capital cities have shown us some advancements that we are now implementing”
LUIZ EMANUEL ZOUAIN DA ROCHAVitória’s Municipal Secretary of the Environment and National Sub-Coordinator
“Although São Paulo is the largest city in the country, the exchange of experience is essential for us, because sometimes the solutions that smaller cities find for common problems enrich and favor the performance of our secretary. Practical experience of this relationship between capital cities occurred between São Paulo and Salvador, and it was related to urban forestry. We exchanged experiences in planting manuals, made technical adjustments, the São Paulo urban fovrestry manual was sent to Salvador, and that of Salvador came to São Paulo. We had an effective exchange and talked a lot about urban forestry”
RODRIGO RAVENAChief of Staff of São Paulo’s Department of the Environment
“It is great to be able to share experiences and bring novelties to other cities. Palmas has accumulated good-quality experience, and the new mayor is invested in using alternative energies. We have developed an excellent project called Palmas Solar, which is being implemented in our city, and other cities in the country are already looking into it as well, both from Tocantins and other states”
LUCIANA CERQUEIRAFormer President of Palmas’
Fundação do Meio Ambiente
T E S T I M O N I A L S T E S T I M O N I A L S
18 19
O V E R V I E WOF BRAZILIAN CAPITAL CITIES
as the Brazilian Institute of Geog-raphy and Statistics (Instituto Bra-sileiro de Geografia e Estatística, IBGE) and the National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, PNAD), as well as through qualitative and quantitative research with the Sec-retaries of the Environment that are members of Forum CB27, conduct-ed by researcher Hilton Cesario Fernandes.
The data in this publication ori-ginated from a study done by CB27. It was based on rese-arch on more than 50 indica-tors in topics such as the so-
ciodemographic profile of capital cities and their departments, budget, climate change, urban mobility, solid waste, sa-nitation, green areas, etc.
The information was compiled from of-ficial data-collection from sources such
To read more data about the cities, go to
MUNICIPAL FUND (2017)Source: LOA do município / Secretarias Municipais de Meio Ambiente
São Paulo
Rio de Janeiro
Goiânia
Porto AlegreFortaleza
Curitiba
Cuiabá
Aracaju
Belo Horizonte
Boa Vista
FlorianópolisJoão Pessoa
Macapá
Manaus
Belém
Natal
Porto Velho
Palmas
Recife
Rio Branco
São Luís Vitória
Campo Grande
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANSource: Ministry of the Environment, 2018 and Municipal Departments of the Environment
URBAN MOBILITY PLANSource: Department of the Environment
Disclaimer: Data presented in these graphs were collected in survey with cities between november 2017 and february 2018, and there could be new information available now.
Aracaju (SE) 2015Belo Horizonte (MG) 2010Boa Vista (RR) 2015Campo Grande (MS) 2009Florianópolis (SC) 2017Fortaleza (CE) 2008Manaus (AM) 2015Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 2015Vitória (ES) 2007
PL
AN
YE
AR
Curitiba (PR) 2010Belém (PA) 2011Manaus (AM) 2011Campo Grande (MS) 2012Fortaleza (CE) 2012Natal (RN) 2012Porto Alegre (RS) 2013Cuiabá (MT) 2014João Pessoa (PB) 2014
Palmas (TO) 2014São Paulo (SP) 2014Belo Horizonte (MG) 2015Goiânia (GO) 2015Macapá (AP) 2015Rio Branco (AC) 2015Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 2015Vitória (ES) 2015Florianópolis (SC) 2017
PL
AN
YE
AR
O V E R V I E W O F B R A Z I L I A N C A P I TA L C I T I E SO V E R V I E W O F B R A Z I L I A N C A P I TA L C I T I E S
20 21
EMISSIONS INVENTORYSource: CarbonClimate Registry and CDP
VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS Source: CarbonClimate Registry and CDP
EMISSIONS REDUCTION TARGET Source: CarbonClimate Registry and CDP
EMISSIONS REDUCTION PLAN Source: CarbonClimate Registry and CDP
INVENTORY IN PLACE? ADAPTATION PLAN IN PLACE?
REDUCTIONS TARGET ESTABLISHED?
EMISSIONS REDUCTION PLAN IN PLACE?
YES 52%
YES 7%
YES 22%
YES30%
NO 48%
NO 93%
NO 78%
NO 70%
HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO WATER (PERCENTAGE) Source: Trata Brasil Institute
50
0
100
Belo
Hor
izon
te
Flor
ianó
polis
Goi
ânia
João
Pes
soa
Port
o A
legr
e
Curit
iba
Palm
as
Cam
po G
rand
e
Ara
caju
São
Paul
o
Bras
ília
Rio
de J
anei
ro
Cuia
bá
Boa
Vis
ta
Tere
sina
Belé
m
Mac
eió
Vitó
ria
Nat
al
Salv
ador
Man
aus
São
Luís
Reci
fe
Fort
alez
a
Rio
Bran
co
Mac
apá
Port
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lho
35
0
70
Mac
apá
Port
o Ve
lho
São
Luís
Cuia
bá
Reci
fe
Rio
Bran
co
Mac
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Nat
al
Boa
Vis
ta
Tere
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Man
aus
Salv
ador
Fort
alez
a
Belé
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Ara
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Curit
iba
Belo
Hor
izon
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as
Bras
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Flor
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Vitó
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São
Paul
o
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de J
anei
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Goi
ânia
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Port
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LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION (PERCENTAGE) Source: Trata Brasil Institute
O V E R V I E W O F B R A Z I L I A N C A P I TA L C I T I E SO V E R V I E W O F B R A Z I L I A N C A P I TA L C I T I E S
ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING COLLECTION - 2016 (IN MILLIONS OF BRL) Source: Department of the Environment
Port
o A
legr
e
Reci
fe
Fort
alez
a
Man
aus
João
Pes
soa
Nat
al
Mac
eió
Belé
m
Belo
Hor
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te
Curit
iba
Ara
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Cam
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rand
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Vitó
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Boa
Vis
ta
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as
Mac
apá
Flor
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ador
São
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São
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Tere
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1
0
2
3
4
22 23
PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN CAPITAL CITIES AND THE CB27 REVIEW
In 2018, CB27 conducted a survey among the Secretaries of the Environ-ment of the Brazilian capital cities, ask-ing about the operation of the Forum, format, topics and other relevant sub-jects. Of all those who answered the questions, 73% rated the current format of CB27 as optimal, and the remaining 27% as good.
The most noted significant impact is the exchange of successful experienc-es and legislation reference. Among the areas identified as providing the most exceptional learning experience, climate change ranks first, followed by urban forestry and licensing.
When asked if they had other topics of interest, the secretaries mentioned en-vironmental licensing, followed by fund-raising and project design.
O V E R V I E W O F B R A Z I L I A N C A P I TA L C I T I E SO V E R V I E W O F B R A Z I L I A N C A P I TA L C I T I E S
BENEFITS FOR PARTICIPATING OF CB27
EVALUATION OF THE CURRENT FORMAT OF CB27 ACTIVITIES
AREAS OF RECOGNITION FOR PARTICIPATING IN CB27 (NUMBER OF MENTIONS)
GOOD27%
EXCELLENT73%
Exch
ange
of s
ucce
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l exp
erie
nces
and
re
fere
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of l
egisl
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n w
ith o
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oth
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Fund
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ty
Polit
ical
impa
ct
Administrative actions and innovation
Legislation
Photovoltaic Energy
None
Residues
Arborization
Environmental Education
Licensing
TFCA
Climate Change
5
10
15
20
10 43 62 5
24 25
With
whi
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/city
?
of the cities participating in internal poll have implemented a policy because of their exchange in CB27”
77%ARACAJUCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONJoão Pessoa and SalvadorACTIONSOnline environmental licensing.
BELÉMCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONFortaleza and ManausACTIONSThere was an exchange of informa-tion on landfill and urban forestry with Manaus. Technical lecture about the dig-ital licensing process in Fortaleza.
BELO HORIZONTECITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONRecife and VitóriaACTIONSInterrelation with ANAMMA.
BOA VISTACITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONManausACTIONSExchange of experiences.
CAMPO GRANDECITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONBelo Horizonte, Brasília, Fortaleza, João Pessoa, Palmas, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo, and VitóriaACTIONSMeetings and information exchange.
CURITIBACITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONBelo HorizonteACTIONSExchange of information and experiences.
FLORIANÓPOLISCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONFortalezaACTIONSExchange of experiences.
FORTALEZACITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTION
NATALCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONFortalezaACTIONSLegislation.
PORTO ALEGRECITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONBelo Horizonte and RecifeACTIONSLearning about GHG Emissions Inven-tory, seeking to understand better the methodology used and the technical and assertive difficulties in the elabo-ration process.
PORTO VELHOCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONBelémACTIONSContribution to creating a climate change policy.
RECIFECITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONBelo Horizonte, Brasília, João Pessoa, and SalvadorACTIONSContact with Brasília led to an environ-mental compensation law. With Belo Horizonte, led to climate policy, improve-ment of the nursery, and implementation of certification. With Salvador, there was an exchange of experience regarding ur-ban forestry. There was also aid to João Pessoa in the elaboration of the invento-ry of the city.
RIO BRANCOCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONNatalACTIONSTechnical visit.
RIO DE JANEIROCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONFortaleza, Macapá, and São PauloACTIONSFortaleza presented its environmental
Aracaju, Belém, and João PessoaACTIONSReceived visits from representatives of Aracaju and João Pessoa, and shared the experience in environmental licensing with Belém.
GOIÂNIACITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONBelo Horizonte, Brasília, Campo Grande, Fortaleza, Salvador, and São PauloACTIONS São Paulo inspired the implementation of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) for park maintenance.
JOÃO PESSOACITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONAracaju, Fortaleza, Maceió, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, and SalvadorACTIONSIn Fortaleza, it was the knowledge of the digital licensing system, which is also being developed in João Pessoa. Recife participated in an event in João Pessoa. Control Fee and Environmental Inspec-tion (Taxa de Controle e Fiscalização Ambiental, TCFA) was the topic of ex-change with Porto Alegre and Salvador.
MACAPÁCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONBelémACTIONSExchange of experiences..
MACEIÓCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONSalvadorACTIONS Transfer of knowledge and practices of Salvador’s Civil Defense.
MANAUSCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONBelém, Boa Vista, and SalvadorACTIONSThe visit to Boa Vista helped to re-adjust the ornamentation and landscaping plan.
licensing system in a lecture in Rio de Janeiro. Macapá made a technical visit. São Paulo presented the natural parks concession bill.
SALVADORCITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONAracaju, Belo Horizonte, João Pessoa, Maceió, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and TeresinaACTIONSSalvador’s Green Real State Tax (IPTU Verde de Salvador) was inspired by those used in Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. Aracaju, Recife, and Teresina were in Salvador to learn from the city’s experience on urban forestry. Maceió visited Salvador to learn more about Civil Defense and has developed proj-ects such as vegetable gardens and ur-ban orchards.
TERESINACITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONBelo Horizonte, Fortaleza, Goiânia, and SalvadorACTIONSTeresina’s technical team visited Salva-dor to learn about environmental park management and the Salvador Verde program, replicated under the name of Teresina Mais Verde. In Belo Horizonte, the technical team learned about the program of adoption of green areas and town squares by the private sector, and a similar project is under development in the capital city of Piauí. In Goiânia, the team learned about the Master Plan of Arborization to gather information to subsidize that of Teresina.
VITÓRIACITIES THAT HAD GREATER INTERACTIONAracaju, Belo Horizonte, Florianópolis, João Pessoa, Palmas, Recife, Rio de Ja-neiro, and SalvadorACTIONSExchange of experiences.
26 27
• Unity of the cities
• Institutional strengthening of environmental matters
• Important participation in TCFA
• Recognition by environmental stakeholders of the representativeness
of the Forum
• Strengthening of the institution at the national level
• Exchange of experiences
• Public policies
• Discussions on climate change
• Recognition by federal and international bodies
• Political recognition and greater access to, as well as possibility of interference in, government policies and those of non-governmental bodies
• Technical training
O V E R V I E W O F B R A Z I L I A N C A P I TA L C I T I E S
• Offering more concrete discussions
• Extending its political role
• Connecting even more those who promote public policies in the most diverse areas and levels of government
• With innovation and availability of resources for project execution
• Offering more technical training
• Disseminating good practices of Brazilian cities and public and private international agencies
• Promoting the permanent interaction between CB27 and the regional offices of Brazil’s National Association of Municipal Environmental Agencies (Associação Nacional de Órgãos Municipais de Meio Ambiente, ANAMMA)
• Deepening the topic of GHG inventories and strategies for emission reduction plans
• Sending monthly online communications on projects developed in other states
• Offering ongoing and customized advice according to the demands of the cities
• Systematizing and publishing content built originated at the Forum.
HOW CAN CB27
BETTER SUPPORT THE
CITY IN ADVANCING
SUSTAINABILITY OR
CLIMATE CHANGE
POLICIES?
RESULTS BASED IN SURVEY WITH SECRETARIES.
Environmental Licensing
Fundraising and Project Design
Climate Change
Smart Cities
Environmental Education
Arborization
Solid Residues
Energy
Urban Mobility
Land-Use
Communication
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
MAIN RESULTS ACHIEVED COLLECTIVELY WITHIN CB27
MAIN TOPICS OF INTEREST
28 29
Secretaries and representatives at the I National Meeting in Rio de Janeiro
Secretaries and representatives in BelgiumH I S T O R Y
TIME TO TAKE ACTION
Environmental development and the advancement of a common agenda that promotes sustainability experiences has found support in governance processes that seek, in a coordinated way, to im-prove the quality of life of the population without compromising environmental resources. In this scenario, CB27 is one of Brazil’s most successful and innova-tive initiatives at the government level.
CB27 was created during the preparation process of Brazilian cities for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable De-velopment (Rio+20), which took place in May 2012. The political coordination arose from a proposal of the Municipal Secretary of the Environment of Rio de Janeiro (2013-2016), Carlos Alberto Mu-niz, who was Rio’s deputy mayor at that
during the First National Meeting of Sec-retaries in Rio de Janeiro, which succeed-ed the regional meetings of Teresina (PI), Manaus (AM) and Brasília (DF), and was at-tended by 23 of the 27 Secretaries of the Environment of the Brazilian capital cities.
In the document, CB27 representatives mentioned the need to move forward in integrating governance into sustainability through the creation of Sustainable Devel-opment Councils and drew attention to the lack of available resources, reinforcing the importance of direct access to resources to ensure the strengthening of the insti-tutional and operational capacities of local governments, supporting staff training for designing and implementing Local Projects and Action Plans, as well as promoting sci-
time. Since then, 15 National Meetings and 17 Regional Meetings have been held to share cases of success in envi-ronmental management, conduct techni-cal visits, and participate in international missions to exchange experiences.
In 2017, seeking to strengthen the stra-tegic planning process and ensure the maintenance of CB27 meetings, the Kon-rad Adenauer Foundation invited ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability to contribute with content curation and the institutional strengthening of the group. ICLEI’s mission is directly connected to the Forum’s activities, in that it seeks to connect cities and local governments dedicated to sustainable development.
INITIAL FRAMEWORK: DECLARATION RIO FOR SUSTAINABILITY
The Declaration Rio for Sustainability can be considered a kind of ‘birth certificate’ of CB27, with proposals for establishing a na-tionwide pact for sustainability, as well as recommendations to the UN and the Bra-zilian Government. The signing took place
entific knowledge and transfer of technol-ogies for sustainable development.
In return for the demands, the secre-taries undertook to (1) disseminate and support adherence to sustainable city programs; (2) organize a virtual database of social, environmental and econom-ic technologies for the sustainability of Brazilian cities; (3) increase efforts to ensure that environmental education is treated as a fundamental element for building a sustainable society; (4) seek the establishment, together with mass communicators, of a favorable pact for sustainability; (5) promote green infra-structure projects; and (6) do the techni-cal studies necessary for the planning of municipal initiatives.
H I S T O R Y H I S T O R Y
30 31
Over time, the focus on tackling climate change has made room for the collective construction of solutions to other common environmental problems in Brazilian cities, such as solid waste disposal, housing, ur-ban mobility, environmental education, and collaboration with the private sector.
STRENGTHENING: THE PORTO ALEGRE MANIFESTO
In April 2013, 25 CB27 representatives were present at the II National Meeting of Secretaries in Porto Alegre to discuss possible forms of collaboration and the institutionalization of the group. Refor-estation projects, improvement of pub-lic transportation, and use of renewable energies were on the agenda, but the focus was on the environmental policy of the Northern region of Brazil, raising the awareness of the population about these issues and the conservation of biodiversity in the Amazon.
Several experts were present, such as the president of the Brazilian Business Council for Sustainable Development (Conselho Empresarial Brasileiro para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, CEBDS), Mrs. Marina Grossi; the director of the
posed direct action on the sociocultural impacts caused by environmental over-sights, seeking a less rigid, lighter and simpler management for adoption of measures that could join forces from civil entities and the private sector. The dep-uty mayor and secretary of the environ-ment of Belo Horizonte, Délio Malheiros, was elected the first coordinator of the Forum, with a mandate of one year.
In March of the following year, the Re-gional Meeting of the Northern Capital Cities of CB27 took place in Manaus, where differences and common challeng-es were the topics of discussion among the metropolises. The representatives of the Amazon states addressed the best practices in their cities. The event was concluded with the signing of the Ama-zon Manifesto, which contains a request to the Amazon Fund Steering Committee
Climate Center of the Federal Universi-ty of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Mr. Emílio Lèbre La Rovere; and then director of the World Bank for Sustainable Devel-opment in Latin America and the Carib-bean, Mr. Gregor V. Wolf, who reported that CB27 projects could not only be funded but would also be assisted by technical advice.
As a result of the meeting, Forum mem-bers decided on the following short-term goals: (1) creation of a CB27 le-gal entity; (2) creation of a database of social, environmental and econom-ic technologies for the dissemination of concepts and practices of sustain-ability among Brazilian capital cities; (3) preparation of technical studies to assist cities in the creation of climate policies, GHG emissions inventories, vulnerability maps, urban biodiversity inventories, sanitation policies, and risk management.
ADVANCES: GETTING THE FORUM DONE
Also in 2013, during the III National Meeting of Secretaries in Salvador, the Bylaws and the first Board of Directors of CB27 were approved, which pro-
(Comitê Orientador do Fundo Amazônia, COFA) to review the guidelines and crite-ria of the Operational Policies for the Am-azon Fund, so that the Northern capital cities, not yet included in the Fund, could access the Fund.
Also in 2014, the IV National Meeting of Secretaries of the Environment took place in São Paulo. New ideas related to the environment were debated, with presentations of positive cases from some capital cities. On that occasion, the latest edition of the Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions and Remov-als of Greenhouse Gases of the city of São Paulo was announced. The meeting was attended by partners such as CDP, WWF Brazil, and Itaipu Binacional.
The V CB27 National Meeting took place in November 2014 in Belo Hor-
H I S T O R Y H I S T O R Y
Secretaries and institutional partners from Kas and ICLEI at the VIII National Meeting in Maceió
32 33
izonte, and climate change was in the center of the debates. The Forum’s management election was carried out, and Délio Malheiros was confirmed for another two years as coordinator.
In 2015, three meetings were held: the Aracaju Regional Meeting, which discussed solid waste collection, en-ergy efficiency, and reforestation; the VI National Meeting - COP-21 Climate Conference in Natal, which in addition to presenting the C40 as yet another strong partner of the Forum, pointed out the importance of CB27 in strengthen-ing other similar discussion forums; and the Regional Meeting on Environmental Management, held in Macapá.
The VII National Meeting, held in Rio de Janeiro in 2016, was vital to discuss the consequences of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (Paris, COP 21) and the prospects of the Forum. The regional meetings of 2016 kicked off in Rio Branco (state of Acre), and the focus was on tackling deforestation, which remains one of the region’s significant environmen-tal challenges in reducing Brazilian GHG
Agenda, emerged as guiding principles for the future, while at the same time, the central role of cities for the effec-tive implementation and achievement of their goals and objectives was recog-nized. Within such context, Forum CB27 identified the persistent challenges to exercise its roles, such as scarcity of fi-nancial and human resources, technical capacities, and political participation to enable the translation and incorporation of these international commitments for municipal action.
Also, with the elections for mayors, 2016 foreshadowed the exchange of many of the Secretaries of the Envi-ronment of the capital cities, and with that began an important process of transition, which would culminate in newly-appointed secretaries joining the group. The procedures for passing the baton were also discussed during the VIII National Meeting.
RESILIENCE
CB27 went through a fire test in early 2017, to enable the continuity of work in the midst of the intense appointment of new Secretaries of the Environment of the cities. The procedures adopted to
emissions. One of the practical results of this meeting was the signature of the May-or’s Covenant, a document in which the mayor of Rio Branco, Marcus Alexandre, committed to reducing local emissions of greenhouse gases and strengthening resil-ience to climate change.
In the same year, the Midwest Regional Meeting, held in Cuiabá, sought solu-tions to foster more sustainable eco-nomic practices in Brazilian cities.
An important cycle for CB27 was closed in 2016, when, in November, the VIII National Meeting took place in Maceió. The event addressed the political transition and con-solidation of the group, reiterating the rele-vance of the existence and performance of CB27 for the dissemination and expansion of good practices of governance, policy, and legislation for the sustainable development and protection of the environment in Brazil.
The meeting took place amidst an im-portant period of inflection of the in-ternational agenda, which marked the climax of the global negotiations on sustainability. The Paris Agreement was approved in the previous year, and oth-er relevant documents such as Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as the New Urban
ensure the transition proved to be very efficient. In March of that year, the IX National Meeting was held in Salvador, along with the Cities and Climate Change Conference, with 22 secretaries and rep-resentatives attending the events.
This National Meeting is considered his-toric because of the high attendance, ac-tive participation of managers, and the special participation of Carlos Nobre and representatives of the Ministries of the Environment, Cities and Science, Tech-nology, and Communications. A new coordinator for CB27 was elected: An-dré Fraga, Municipal Secretary of City Sustainability and Innovation of Salva-dor. Also, the goals for 2017 were set as follows: (1) Commit all of the capital cit-ies’Mayors with the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy, and fulfill all commitment stages; (2) Develop and present a work plan for implementation of local climate commitment targets; (3) Ensure that the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) Implementation
H I S T O R Y
Bruna Cerqueira, André Fraga, Marina Caetano and Eduardo Matos at the IX National Meeting in Salvador
Rodrigo Perpétuo and Carlos Nobre at the
IX National Meeting in Salvador
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34 35
and Financing Strategy addresses the capacities and demands of the cities; (4) Conduct four National Meetings on topics more relevant to capital cities; (5): Facilitate contact with at least 15 insti-tutions during the year on topics select-ed by the secretaries; (6) Consolidate the knowledge of the Forum in a virtual platform accessible to all; (7) Sign part-nerships with state ANAMMAs.
At the same time, CB27 was among the networks of local governments that handed over to the Ministry of the En-vironment a document for Brazil’s Na-
requested, as well as the guarantee of passing on the quota of the Environmen-tal Control and Inspection Fee (TCFA) and more active participation of the cit-ies in the country’s climate negotiations.
The autonomy of the cities in the li-censing process set the tone for the XI National Meeting, held in João Pessoa, which also discussed strategies to pre-vent setbacks in Brazilian environmental legislation. The year of 2017 ended with the XII National Meeting in Recife, which had Environmental Education as a start-ing point for the debates. In the same week, 33 Brazilian cities from various regions announced their massive adher-ence to the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy.
The XIII National Meeting held in Vitória, at the beginning of 2018, addressed the relationship between health in cities and climate change, with the special partici-pation of Professor Paulo Saldiva, from the School of Medicine of the Universi-ty of São Paulo. At the same time, the International Conference on Climate Change and Health also took place. An-dré Fraga, Municipal Secretary of City Sustainability and Innovation of Salva-dor, was re-elected as CB27 national coordinator and goals were set for the
tionally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the United Nations Framework Con-vention on Climate Change1. The focus of the contributions was on financing cli-mate action in cities and recognizing the role of urban centers in this agenda. The Brazilian Association of Municipalities (ABM), the National Association of Mu-nicipal Environmental Bodies (ANAM-MA), C40, the National Front of Mayors (FNP) and ICLEI signed the document with CB27.
In April 2017, while immersed in a sce-nario of political and financial crisis that required the cities to increase budgetary constraints and austerity, CB27 held its X National Meeting, which brought to-gether representatives of 25 capital cit-ies for the first time. Topics discussed included the impacts that profound re-forms in structuring sectors of the econ-omy - such as Labor and Social Security - could have in the creation of environ-mental policies, which led to the Dec-laration Brasilia for Sustainability. The declaration brought criticism to the low priority that the Federal Government was giving to the environment, which, in turn, led to slow and bureaucratic pro-cesses in obtaining international financ-ing and national public funds. Also, more innovative inspection mechanisms were
year as follows: (1) Ensure that all capital cities receive the resources of the TCFA; (2) Maintain and expand spaces of rep-resentation and pressure in favor of the cities’agenda with the federal govern-ment and national congress; (3) Achieve the 100% mark of capital cities that have completed their GHG inventories and risk assessment; (4) Strengthen funding sources and CB27 institutional capacity; (5) Achieve the 100% mark of capital cit-ies with Urban Tree Plantation.
In June of that same year, the XIV Nation-al Meeting was held in Teresina, which approached innovative solutions for cli-mate management and agreed on the proposal to promote discussion forums to seek common solutions to mitigate the impacts arising from the tempera-ture rise in the local Brazilian context. That same meeting led to three thematic lines would be perennial in the discus-sions and monitoring of the advances in the capital cities: (1) climate planning, (2) energy, and (3) urban forestry. The de-velopment of Urban Arborization Plans was established as a priority until 2019 in all Brazilian capital cities.
The I Meeting of the Forum of Hot Cities took place in November 2018 in Porto Velho and featured presenta-
H I S T O R YH I S T O R Y1 The NDC is a document developed by the signatory countries, committing to promote the reduction of carbon
emissions through goals and measures that promote sustainability and the preservation of the environment.
Secretaries and representatives’ visit to Tamar Project at the XIII National Meeting in Vitoria
36 37
H I S T O R Y
tions that addressed possible paths to-ward cities capable of resisting, absorb-ing, and recovering from the impacts of the climate in an efficient way. Thus, potential means of alleviating tempera-ture peaks in urban environments were discussed, incorporating green infra-structure, expanding vegetation cover, increasing surface reflectivity, and hav-ing adaptive strategies based on eco-systems in municipal planning.
To end the activities of the year 2018, the XV National Meeting took place in Curitiba, and the topic was Nature as the basis for development in cities. The group discussed ways of integrating bio-
diversity and ecosystem services into land use planning, land use manage-ment, local economic development, and infrastructure projects. During the Gen-eral Assembly of Forum CB27, the ful-fillment of the goal of having all capital cities committed to the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy was celebrated by everyone present, and the commitment to continue the next steps in climate planning was reaffirmed.
TIMELINE2012MARCH
Regional Meeting in TeresinaAPRIL
Regional Meetings in Manaus and Brasília
MAYI National Meeting - Rio de Janeiro
2013MARCH
Regional Meetings in Belo Horizonte, Goiânia and Belém
APRILRegional Meeting in SalvadorII National Meeting in Porto Alegre
OCTOBERIII National Meeting in Salvador
2014MARCH
IV National Meeting in São PauloRegional Meeting of the Northern Capital Cities, in Manaus
MAYRegional Meetings in Curitiba and João Pessoa
NOVEMBERV National Conference in Belo HorizonteNational Conference on Cities and Climate Change
DECEMBERParticipation in COP-20 - Lima, Peru
2015MARCH
Regional Meeting in Aracaju
JULYVI National Meeting in Natal: Keeping an eye in the COP-21 Climate Conference
AUGUSTRegional Meeting of Environmental Management in Macapá
OCTOBERRegional Meeting in CuritibaResilient Cities Conference: community and climate
DECEMBERParticipation in COP-21 - Paris, France
2016FEBRUARY
Regional Meeting in FortalezaMARCH
VII National Meeting in Rio de Janeiro
APRILRegional Meeting in Rio Branco
JULYMidwest Regional Meeting in Cuiabá
AUGUSTMeeting with Brazil’s former Minister of the Environment, José Sarney Filho
NOVEMBERVIII National Meeting in Maceió
DECEMBERFormal partnership established between CB27, ICLEI and KAS Brasil
2017MARCH
IX National Meeting in SalvadorConference on Cities and Climate ChangeDelivery of the contribution to Brazil’s NDCs strategy, together with other global cities networks
First elections for CB27’s leaderships
APRILX National Meeting in Brasília: Reinventing City Financing and Governance
JULYCoordination Meeting for strategic planning with presentation of the results of the first survey in João Pessoa
NOVEMBERXII National Meeting in Recife: Environmental education as an instrument of social transformation and citizen education33 cities sign their commitment to the Global Covenant of Mayor for Climate and Energy
DECEMBERParticipation in COP-23 - Bonn, Germany
2018MARCH
Regional Meeting in ManausXIII National Meeting in Vitória: Relationship between health in cities and climate change and launch of the institutional website of the Forum.
JUNEXIV National Meeting in Teresina: Innovative solutions for climate managementEstablishment of CB27’s targets
NOVEMBERI Meeting of the Forum of Hot Cities, in Porto VelhoXV National Meeting in Curitiba
DECEMBERMeetings to present the agenda and needs of CB27 for the newly elected governmentMeeting with Brazil´s Minister of Environment, Ricardo Salles
Learn more about
the letters written
after each meeting:
Secretaries and representatives at the XV National Meeting in Curitiba
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A D VA N C E S I N E N V I R O N M E N TA L M A N A G E M E N T A G E N D A S A D VA N C E S I N E N V I R O N M E N TA L M A N A G E M E N T A G E N D A S
A D VA N C E S
The permanent exchange of experiences and the collec-tive construction involving the Secretaries of the Envi-ronment of the 27 Brazilian
capital cities have been essential in ad-vancing the agenda of environmental management in their territories.
Although CB27 has begun its work on the climate issue, it soon saw its range of interests and needs widen to include funding, environmental licensing, urban forestry, and environmental education.
Priorities were established by the group, being renewed and/or deepened and
ed by Fortaleza, and the urban forestry program in Salvador.
Among the advances in environmen-tal guidelines, the climate change topic, which was incipient in 2012 and little known to most CB27 members, has now become relevant to most departments of the environment. Basic concepts re-lated to the field are understood and recognized by the Secretaries of the En-vironment and are present in their daily actions. In all, 14 capital cities have in-ventories of greenhouse gas emissions, many of them have exchange databas-es promoted by CB27. Porto Velho, for example, developed its climate change
policy through experiences and knowl-edge acquired in the meetings of the Fo-rum. Likewise, Porto Alegre established a committee on climate change and re-newable energies, responsible for draft-ing a bill for the city.
In the area of urban forestry, the devel-opment of manuals and the improve-ment of actions and policies by Macapá, Recife, and Belém stood out. In environ-mental licensing, inspired by Fortaleza, the cities of Natal and Aracaju moved toward simplification and debureaucra-tization. Solar energy, following on the successful case of Palmas, mobilized Teresina and Boa Vista. In a survey con-ducted in 2018, virtually all cities in the network reported being, at the very list, inspired to review or elaborate actions mobilized by the exchange of experience with other capital cities.
The Forum promotes a nationwide di-alogue through participation in the Tri-partite Technical Commission of CONA-MA, the Brazilian Forum on Climate Change, and has also been outstanding in international events, becoming an example of a network of cities in Latin America. The functioning of this net-
making our performance more consis-tent. Each event’s declaration registered commitments and the evolution of tar-gets and goals as well as formalized joint positionings from the group.
Today, in addition to four priority topics - (1) climate planning, (2) energy, (3) urban forestry, and (4) environmental licensing - some others topics are crosscutting, such as environmental education, fi-nancing, and innovation and technology. CB27 renewed its intention to radiate exchanges and best practices to oth-er cities, highlighting solutions such as the Palmas Solar program in the city of Palmas, the digital licensing implement-
IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AGENDAS
40 41
A D VA N C E S I N E N V I R O N M E N TA L M A N A G E M E N T A G E N D A S A D VA N C E S I N E N V I R O N M E N TA L M A N A G E M E N T A G E N D A S
data on environmental management in capital cities. This action follows one of the guidelines of CB27, which is to dis-seminate good practices in other cities. Also, two publications - one in 2012 and another in 2016 - brought together the best practices of capital cities at the time they were published and are also avail-able for download on the platform.
In 2018, the group implemented the Fo-rum of Hot Cities, inaugurating a new space to think of possible paths to cities able to resist, absorb and recover from climate impacts efficiently, discussing potential ways to relieve temperature peaks in urban environments.
CB27 also signed a partnership with or-ganization Plant for the Planet to pro-mote planting and environmental educa-tion in cities and supported Diálogo de Talanoa in collaboration with the Obser-vatório do Clima.
Today, the CB27 Forum represents about ¼ of the Brazilian population and approximately 29% of the national GDP. With such relevance, it seeks to be an incubator of more sustainable devel-opment for Brazilian cities, disseminat-ing and sharing experiences with other towns through the collaboration with
contributed to the Brazilian NDC im-plementation strategy alongside other global city networks.
A significant advance is that all Brazil-ian capital cities are committed to the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, a global coalition of cities and local governments voluntarily com-mitted to tackling climate change, re-ducing impacts and facilitating access to sustainable energy. Being an independent network of cities, CB27 has contributed to the debureau-cratization of the relationship between the departments of the environment. The secretaries have the prerogative of contacting each other directly, by e-mail, telephone or WhatsApp, without formal procedures and deciding matters related to the Forum or the projects and actions of their cities in a much faster way.
In regard to communication, and as part of CB27’s strategy to systematize and make available the knowledge generat-ed by the Forum, an online platform was created in 2018 that allows access to all of the materials produced along the Forum’s trajectory, capital cities profile, publications with success cases of urban management in Brazil, and unpublished
work of Secretaries of the Environment with public and private institutions such as C40, CDP Cities, World Bank, WRI, WWF Brazil, the Ministries of the En-vironment, Cities, and Science, Tech-nology and Communications, with the Itamaraty Institute and IBAMA, among many other ones, is evolving both dip-lomatically and in the promotion of ad-vocacy. Another point, already noted in this publication, is that the group
institutions and networks with common objectives. Internationally, CB27 had the opportunity to present in various forums, delegations, and conferences, serving as inspiration for other countries and success case in Brazil, in a context that increasingly recognizes the impor-tance of cities at the level of global sus-tainable development. Also, CB27 has actively participated in the United Na-tions Climate Conferences.
Finally, the experience of CB27 has also generated technical-academic analyses on its activities as a Forum and specif-ic issues such as climate change and re-verse logistics. It has also inspired other locations in Latin America with its exam-ple of networking[i].
Brazil has already shown that it has much to offer and a wide variety of successful cases in the area of public urban envi-ronmental policies. Decentralization that puts public management closer to the citizen through local governments can offer significant advantages. Problems such as air pollution or the accumulation of solid waste occur in the urban envi-ronment. Therefore, it is the cities that have more knowledge of the local reali-ties and thus, through a learning process, can arrive at suitable solutions.
In the survey conducted by CB27 with Secretaries of the Environment in 2018, 72% of them reported having new policies and/or actions implemented in their cities in the following areas - as a result of participating in the Forum:• Expansion of environmental education actions • Green Real State Taxes • Urban Forestry Handbook • Electronic licensing • Photovoltaic energy • Exchange with IBAM • Climate change policy implementation • Building code • TCFA • GHG emissions inventory • Urban gardens.According to the same research, the cities of Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza, and João Pessoa were the most mentioned ones for having generated close coop-eration through CB27.
42 43
F U T U R E O F T H E F O R U M
F U T U R E O F T H E F O R U M F U T U R E O F T H E F O R U M
A strategic planning meeting held at the headquarters of the Konrad Adenauer Foun-dation in May 2018 outlined strategic goals for CB27 until
2020. In general, the Forum should con-tinue to act on three guidelines:• Expand the visibility of CB27• Maintain and expand spaces
of representation and pressure in favor of the cities’agenda with the Federal Government and the National Congress
• Strengthen financing for capital cities
among Brazilian capital cities and joint construction of their agendas: three national thematic meetings in different regions of the country.
• Maintenance and expansion of spaces of representation and pressure in favor of the cities’agenda with the federal government and national congress: (1) attend the national tripartite commission meetings and write technical opinions to be used in such meetings; (2) push for the implementation of state tripartite commissions; (3) participation and leadership in governance spaces on climate change (Brazilian Forum on Climate Change, Federative Monitoring Group of the National Adaptation Plan, Climate Governance under construction - Ministry of the Environment/Casa Civil), focusing on ensuring that the national strategy for implementing the NDCs, as well as funding strategy, includes municipalities.
• Communication and knowledge management of CB27: (1) compilation of annual report about CB27 activities;
The determined targets include:• All Brazilian capital cities
should begin the processes of implementing inventories of GHG emissions, as early as 2018
• All Brazilian capital cities will develop Municipal Urban Arborization Plans by 2019
• All 27 capital cities will commit to the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy
Proposed activities for 2019• Foster the exchange of knowledge
(2) development of an information center and exchange of legislation on environmental management; (3) continuity of the compilation of data of the Brazilian capital cities; (4) maintenance of CB27 social networks.
Also in 2018, the group produced and submitted to the transition team of the current elected government, and to the Ministry of the Environment, a letter presenting the work that it has been developed over the years, pointing out the importance of maintaining and im-proving the mechanisms designed by the country for environmental manage-ment and sustainable development, and highlighting climate change as the main challenge of our century. The document reaffirms the need to transform the role of the cities into practical actions and to subsidize local managers for initiatives that lead to the reduction of green-house gases and to cope with climate change while emphasizing the search for technological, administrative and logistical solutions that extrapolate the municipal budgets.
The Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy is the largest global coalition of cities and local gov-ernments voluntarily committed to the fight against climate change, reducing its inevitable impacts and facilitating access to sustainable and affordable energy for all.
The Covenant is an action of the two major initiatives for climate and en-ergy led by cities - the European Covenant of Mayors Europe and the Compact of Mayors, bringing together cities and local governments that are at the forefront of combating climate change.
It gathers more than 9,000 cities from 119 countries and six continents, representing more than 600 million inhabitants - about 8% of the global population. Its purpose is to promote and support voluntary actions to combat climate change and the transition to a low carbon economy.
44 45
G O V E R N A N C EC O N N E C T
W I T H C B 2 7
G O V E R N A N C E
The current mandate (2018) is composed of:
NATIONAL COORDINATORAndré Moreira Fraga, Salvador
DEPUTY NATIONAL COORDINATORLuiz Emanuel Zouain da Rocha, Vitória
REGIONAL COORDINATING BODIESNorth: Pio Netto, BelémNortheast: Maria Águeda Maria Muniz, FortalezaMidwest: Luís Eduardo Costa, Campo GrandeSoutheast: Justino Carvalho, Rio de JaneiroSouth: Nelson Gomes Mattos Junior, Florianópolis
PREVIOUS COORDINATORSDaniel Pedro Rios Peixoto, Boa VistaEduardo Matos, AracajuDélio Malheiros, Belo HorizonteCarlos Alberto Muniz, Rio de JaneiroNelson Moreira Franco, Rio de Janeiro (in memoriam)
The governance of CB27 is comprised of a national coordinating body, an adjunct national coordinating body, and 5 regional co-ordinating bodies, all with representatives elected by the colle-giate annually. Elections are held at CB27 Forum’s first annual meeting each year. T
o follow the activities, advances, and chal-lenges of CB27, an online platform, made available in 2018, concentrates all of the documents, publications, records of the me-etings, and other activities carried out. This
tool is vital in disseminating knowledge produced by the Forum and includes an area that concentrates the good experiences of capital cities in urban environ-mental management, replicable for other cities.
OTHER CHANNELS TO FOLLOW UP ON OUR ACTIVITIES ARE: //bit.ly/2T9bdmi
@forumcb27/
/forumCB27/
46 47
Porto Velho will
host I Meeting
of the Forum
of Hot Cities
VII National
Meeting of
the Forum of
Secretaries of
the Environment
happens in Maceió
Secretaries of the
Environment of
several states meet
in Belo Horizonte
Bom Dia
Entrevista: XIV
National Meeting
of Forum CB27
C B 2 7 I N T H E N E W S
Maceió hosts the VII National Meeting of the Forum of Secretaries of the Environment of Brazilian Capital Cities
Guide facilitates waste disposal at large events
Manaus will be present at the National Meeting of Secretaries of the Environment of Brazilian capital cities
João Pessoa holds national meeting of
Secretaries of the Environment
Secretary of the Environment of Salvador is elected national coordinator of the Forum of the Environment
Salvador hosts national meeting on climate and sustainability
TO R
EAD
MOR
E AB
OUT
THE
NEW
S, G
O TO
48 49
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND CREDITSACKNOWLEDGMENTS:• André Fraga;
• Carlos Alberto Muniz;
• Délio Malheiros;
• Eduardo Matos;
• Kathrin Zeller;
• Nelson Moreira Franco
(in memoriam);
• ABSOLAR;
• AdaptaClima;
• AFD - French
Development Agency;
• ANAMMA - Associação
Nacional dos Órgãos
Municipais de Meio
Ambiente (National
Association of
Municipal Bodies of
the Environment);
• ANUBZ Innovative
Solutions;
• World Bank;
• BYD Brasil;
• C40 - Cities Climate
Leadership Group;
• CAF - Latin American
Development Bank;
• CDP – Driving
Sustainable Economies;
• CDSA - (Companhia de
Desenvolvimento de
Serviços Ambientais)
Environmental Services
de Pesquisa em Vida
Selvagem e Educação
Ambiental (Society
for Wildlife Research
and Environmental
Education);
• UFRJ - Federal
University of Rio
de Janeiro;
• WayCarbon;
• WRI Brazil - World
Resources Institute.
ACTIVITIES REPORT
Organization:
Daniela Ades
Content: Conteúdos
& Afins - Mônica C.
Ribeiro and Priscila
Machado Nunes
Revision: Mônica C.
Ribeiro and Priscila
Machado Nunes
Translation:
Melissa Harkin
Design: Luciano Schinke
Print: J. Sholna
Executive Secretary:
Rodrigo de Oliveira
Perpétuo
Staff:
Bruna Cerqueira
Daniela Ades
Leonardo Fagundes
Regional director:
Dr. Jan Woischnik
Staff:
Marina Caetano
National Coordinator:
André Moreira Fraga
Adjunct Coordinator:
Luiz Emanuel Zouain da Rocha
Regional Coordinators:
North: Pio Netto, Belém
Northeast: Maria Agueda Maria Muniz, Fortaleza
Midwest: Luís Eduardo Costa, Campo Grande
Southeast: Justino Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro
South: Nelson Mattos Jr. Florianópolis
Development Company;
• CEBDS - Conselho
Empresarial Brasileiro
para o Desenvolvimento
Sustentável (Brazilian
Business Council
for Sustainable
Development);
• CEMADEN - Centro
Nacional de
Monitoramento e Alertas
de Desastres Naturais
(National Center
for Natural Disaster
Monitoring and Alerting);
• CTGAS-ER - (Centro
de Tecnologia do Gás
e Energias Renováveis)
Center for Gas and
Renewable Energies
Technology
• CGEE - (Centro de
Gestão e Estudos
Estratégicos) Center
for Management and
Strategic Studies;
• Climate Change
Committee of São Paulo;
• International
Conservation
• Department of
Environmental Health,
School of Public
Health, University of
São Paulo (USP);
• British Embassy
in Brasilia;
• Embrapa Acre
• Embrapa Amapá
• FGV - Getúlio Vargas
Foundation;
• FIERN - Federation
of Industries of the
State of Rio Grande do
Norte (Federação das
Indústrias do Estado do
Rio Grande do Norte)
• FNP - (rente Nacional
de Prefeitos) National
Front of Mayors;
• Grupo Boticário
Foundation;
• Rockefeller Foundation;
• GIZ - Deutsche
Gesellschaft für
Internationale
Zusammenarbeit;
• Go Green Amazon;
• IBAM - Instituto
Brasileiro de
Administração
Municipal (Brazilian
Institute of Municipal
Administration);
• IBAMA - Instituto
Brasileiro do Meio
Ambiente e dos Recursos
Naturais Renováveis
(Brazilian Institute
of the Environment
ICLEI - LOCAL GOVERNMENTS FOR
SUSTAINABILITY
ICLEI - Local Governments for Sus-
tainability is a global network bringing
together more than 1,750 local and
regional governments, supported by
a team of experts, who drive sustain-
able urban development. Active in
more than 100 countries and bringing
together cities and regions of all siz-
es, it impacts more than 25% of the
global urban population. ICLEI brings
a strong urban component to national
and global sustainability policies and
translates these policies into action.
It generates systemic changes in ur-
ban areas and facilitates connections
between city-city and city-region to
build a sustainable urban world. Its
network in South America connects
more than 70 associated govern-
ments in eight countries to this global
movement.
www.iclei.org/sams
and Renewable
Natural Resources);
• Imazon - Instituto
do Homem e Meio
Ambiente da Amazônia
(Institute of Man
and Environment
of the Amazon);
• Arapyaú Institute;
• Institute of Advanced
Studies of the University
of São Paulo (USP);
• ITS - Instituto Tecnologia
e Sociedade (Institute of
Technology and Society);
• Ministry of Science,
Technology, Innovation
and Communication;
• Ministry of Health;
• Ministry of Cities;
• Ministry of the
Environment;
• Observatório do
Clima (The Climate
Observatory);
• UN-Habitat;
• Brazilian Panel on
Climate Change;
• UNDP Brazil - United
Nations Development
Program;
• Porto Digital;
• Sebrae Nacional;
• SOS Mata Atlântica;
• SPVS - Sociedade
Published by Forum CB27Support: Konrad Adenauer Foundation and
ICLEI - Local Governments for SustainabilityFÓRUM CB27
The Forum of the Secretaries of the
Environment of Brazilian Capital Cities
- CB27 brings together government of-
ficials responsible for the environment
from the administration of 26 Brazilian
capital cities and Brasília, the country’s
capital. The goal is to strengthen and
coordinate the actions of the heads of
the departments of the environment,
exchange experiences regarding sus-
tainability, and push forward progres-
sive environmental agendas.
www.forumcb27.com.br
KONRAD ADENAUER FOUNDATION
The Konrad Adenauer Foundation
(KAS) is an independent, non-prof-
it German political foundation. It acts
based on the values of the Christian
Democratic Union, a German political
party. It promotes democracy, the rule
of law, human rights, and political ed-
ucation, as well as social market econ-
omy and decentralized and sustainable
development. Present in Brazil since
1969, it brings together current and
future leaders from politics and soci-
ety, as well as opinion makers from ac-
ademia. The foundation always works
with local partners and encourages
the dialogue about the country’s main
challenges. The offices of the Konrad
Adenauer Foundation abroad are re-
sponsible for more than 200 projects
in 120 different countries.
https://www.kas.de/pt/web/brasilien
50 51
1) ALVES, Melina Amoni Silveira. Mapping vulnerability toclimate change in Uberlândia - Minas Gerais: guidelines foradaptation. Ph.D. Thesis - Pontifical Catholic Univer-sity of Minas Gerais. Geography Graduate Program - Spatial Information Processing. Belo Horizonte, 2017 (http://www.biblioteca.pucminas.br/teses/TratInfEspacial_AlvesMA_1.pdf)
2) BISERRA, Karla Sodré Rocha. The importance of reverse logistics for an environmentally sustainable economy. Pa-per submitted as a partial requirement to obtain the degree of specialization in the Graduate Program of Economics and the Environment of the Department of Rural Econo-my and Extension, Sector of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraná - Paraná, 2016 (https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/bitstream/handle/1884/53569/R%20-%20E%20- %20KARLA%20SODRE%20ROCHA%20BISERRA.pdf?se-quence=1&isAllowed=y)
3) CAETANO, Marina. Energy: The recognition of the role of cities in tackling climate change. Boletim Conjuntura Ener-getica, FGV. São Paulo, 2018 (https://fgvenergia.fgv.br/sites/ fgvenergia.fgv.br/files/boletim_setembro-2018_rev2.pdf )
4) CERQUEIRA, Bruna & VICENTE, Marina. The challenge of confronting climate change in Brazilian capital cities. Cadernos Adenauer 02; Climate Change: The Challenge of the Century. Rio de Janeiro, 2016. (https://www.kas.de/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=19d1d0f9-d198-22d9-3c2d-45102f3b98cc&groupId=252038)
5) MACEDO, Laura Silvia Valente De. Participation of Brazilian cities in the multilevel governance of climate change - Ph.D. Thesis in Environmental Science - Gradu-ate Program in Environmental Science - Institute of Ener-gy and the Environment of the University of São Paulo / Laura Silvia Valente de Macedo; Adviser: Pedro Roberto Jacobi - São Paulo, 2017 (http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-18102017-203603/en.php)
6) MATOS, Eduardo. The Fundamental Right to an Ecologi-cally Balanced Environment and the Role of Brazilian Capi-tal Cities in Realizing this Right. Publish in the book “Direitos Fundamentais e Reflexos nas relações sociais.” Sergipe, 2018.
7) MARZANO, Karina & CHOLIBOIS, Tim. Gobernan-za climática de los municipios urbanos y la cooperación con el sector privado: la experiencia de América Latina. Article published in the book: LOS MUNICIPIOS ANTE LOS DESAFÍOS GLOBALES. Climate change and sustainability. Mexico DF, 2016.
8) NEVES, Leonardo Paz (org.). The International Insertion of Rio de Janeiro. CEBRI Artigos, Edição Especial, v. 3, ano 8. Rio de Janeiro: CEBRI, 2013. (http://midias.cebri.org/ arquivo/InsercaoInternacionalRio.pdf )
9) PEREIRA, Marina. The new role of cities in the context of sustainable development: The case of CB27. Paper sub-mitted as a partial requirement to obtain the specialization degree in the Graduate Program in Environmental Study in the Coordination of Graduate Programs and Engineering Research - COPPE of the Federal University of Rio de Ja-neiro. Rio de Janeiro, 2016.
10) TEIXEIRA, Alberto & Buendía, Mercedes. Megacities in climate governance: the case of Rio de Janeiro. Meridian 47 - Journal of Global Studies. 2016 (http://periodicos.unb.br/ index.php/MED/article/view/M47e17013)
11) Publication: Paris Agreement: how it happened and what next (https://www.kas.de/c/document_library/get_f i le?uuid=6c0b9287-b97e-8e3f-c360-2725bd-67b745&groupId=252038) - Organized by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation in Brussels and Climate Strate-gies (2016)
12) Publication: Success stories of urban environmen-tal management in Brazil (https://www.kas.de/c/docu-ment_library/get_file?uuid=ddc1bc29-10db-6e1f-91d3-f5b6aa162171&groupId=252038) - Organized by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation in Brazil, 2016.
13) Publication: Environmental Management – success cases in Brazilian capital cities (https://www.kas.de/einzel-titel/-/content/environmental-management-success- cases-of-the-brazilian-state-capitals) - Organized by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation in Brazil and the City of Rio de Janeiro, 2012.
REFERENCES
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