[This Number is esp~cia1ly devoted to the Programmos for the Next Academic Year and to Statementsof the Work of the Past Year].

0 S

UNIVERSITY CI RCULARSFub/is/zedwit/i t/ie approbatioiz o t/ie Board o Trustees

VOL. IY.—No. 4~•1 BALTIMORE, JULY, 1885. [PIUcE, 10 CENTS.

PROGRAMMES FOR 188~-86.

The following courses in literature and scienceare offered for the academic year which begins October 1, 1885.

They are open to properly qualified young men according to conditions varying somewhat in each department.

Detailed statementsas to the varioussubjectsare given in the programmesof thedepartmentsof instruction on subsequent

pages. The Annual Register giving full statement~as to the regulations and work of the University will be sent on

application.

B. L. GILDERSLEEVE, Professorof Greek.

(a) will direct theGreekSeminary. Twiceweekly,through theyear.

(b) will conduct a course of Practical Exercises in Greek.Twice weekly,from October to January.

(c) will give a courseof lectureson GreekSyntax. Throughtheyear.

(ci) will hold a series of Conferenceson Greek Literature.i’Veekly, after the spring recess.

G. STANLEY HALL, Professorof Psychologyand Pedagogics.

(a) General SystematicPsychology. Semi-weeklylectures and‘weekb~ conferences.

(b) Pedagogics. A weeklylecture and a weeklyconference.(c) History of Philosophy. Twenty-fivelectures.

PAUL HAUPT, Professorof theShemiticLanguages.

(a) Hebrew, Biblical Aramacan, and Syriac. Through theyear.

(b) Etbiopic. Weekly,through the year.(c) Arabic. Twiceweekly,through the year.(d) Assyrian, Babylonian,Akkadian, andSumerian.

H. N. MARTIN, Professorof Biology.

(a) will directtheLaboratoryWork in Biology. Daily, throughtheyear.

(b) will lecture on General Biology. Threetimesweekly,tillApril.

(c) will lectureon theEmbryology of theChick andMammal.Threetimesweekly,from Api-il till closeof session.

(d) will lectureon Animal Physiology and Histology. Threetimesweekly,through the year.

C. D. MORRIS, C~ollegiateProfessorof GreekandLatin.

(a) Cicero, Lucretius,Tacitus. Four times weekly,through theyear.

(b) Demosthenes,Sophocles,Aristophanes. Four timesweekly,throughthe year.

(c) Greek ProseComposition,Reading Latin at sight, LatinProseComposition. Eachweekly,through theyear.

SIMON NEWOOM B, Professorof Mathematicsand Astronomy.

(a) Mathematical Seminary. Weekly,through theyear.(b) PracticalandTheoreticalAstronomy. Twiceweekly,through

the year.

IRA REMSEN, Professorof Chemistry.

(a) will direct the Laboratory Work in Chemistry. Daily,throughthe year.

(b) will lectureon GeneralChemistry. Daily, first ha~fyear.(c) will lecture on the Compoundsof Carbon. Daily, second

half-year.(ci) will lecture on advancedtopics in Chemistry. First half-

year.

H. A. ROWLAND, Professorof Physics.

(a) will direct a courseof advancedwork in thePhysicalLab-oratory. Daily, through the year.

(b) will lecture on Thermodynamics,Heat Conduction, andPhysicalOptics. Four timesweekly,through theyear.

H. B. ADAMS, AssociateProfessorof History.

(a) Seminaryof History andPolitics. Weekly,throughthe year.(b) history of Politics. Twiceweekly,through the year.

JOHNSHOPKINS

(e) Modern Coursein History. Daily, through the year, withan associate‘oistrector.

(d) International Law and Modern Constitutions. Daily,through the year,with an associateinstructor.

M. BLOOM FIELD, AssociateProfessorof Sanskrit.

(a) Sanskrit, elementary, (twice weekly), secondyear, (twiceweekly),advanced,(weekly). Through the year.

(h) Generalprinciplesof ComparativePhilology,ComparativeGreekGrammar.

(c) The formation and syntax of Indo-Europeannoun corn-pounds.

W. K. BROOKS, Associate Professor of Morphology.

(a) will direct thework of theMarine Laboratoryat Beaufort.(b) will lectureon theElementsof Zo6logy. Twiceweekly,from

the Christmasrecessuntil the endof the session.(e) will conducta coursein Animal Morphology.

T. CRAIG, Associate Professorof AppliedMathematics.

(a) MathematicalSeminary. Weekly,throughthe year.(b) Theory of Sound, Spherical Harmonics and Theory of

Attractions, Theory of Functions. Eight timesweekly,firsthalf-year.

(c) Linear Difibrential Equations,Ahelian Functions,PartialDilThrential Equations. Eight timesweekly,secondhalf-year.

(ci) DifferentialEquations. Tdciceweekly,through tide year.

A. M. ELLIOTT, AssociateProfessor of Romance Languages.

will give advancedcoursesin theRomanceLanguages,includ-ing Old and Middle French,Old Proven~al,Italian, SpanishandPortugueseTexts,Wallachian,Low Latin, etc.

H. N. MORSE, AssociateProfessorof Chemistry.

(a) will assistin directing theLahoratoryWork of theunder-graduatestudentsin Chemistry.

(b) will lecture on Analytical Chemistry. Four timesweekly,first ha~Lyear.

(c) will conduct a course in GeneralChemistry. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.

1. RABILLON, Lectureron FrenchLiterature.

will give aseriesof lectureson FrenchLiterature (in French).

W. E. STORY, AssociateProfessorof Mathematics.(a) MathematicalSeminary. Weekly,throughthe year.(b) Introductorycoursefor Graduates. Daily, through theyear.(c) Advanced course in Analytical Geometry. Three times

weekly,through tide year.(d) Finite Differences,Interpolation,and Prohahilities. Twice

weekly,througid tide year.(e) Conic Sections; Twiceweekly,through theyear.

M. WARREN, AssociateProfessorof Latin.

(a) will conduct the Latin Seminary. Twice weekly,throughtheyear.

(b) will lectureon theRomanHistorians,(first half-year),His-torical Latin Grammar,(secondhalf-year).

(c) will conducta coursefor theTranslationat Sight of Latinwriters, (first half-year), Practical Exercisesin translationat dictation, (secondhalf-year). Weekly.

(d) Terenec, Plautus, Pliny, Juvenal. Three times weekly,tidrougid tide year.

(e) ReadingLatin at sight, Latin ProseComposition. Eachweekly,through the year.

G. H. WILLIAMS, AssociateProfessorof Mineralogy.

(cd) Introduction to Crystallographyand DescriptiveMineral-ogy. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.

(b) Descriptive Mineralogy (secondyear’s course). Weekly,first idalf-year.

(a) Mineralogyof theSilicates,(first half-year), GeneralMine-ralogy and InorganicGeology,(secondhalf-year).

H. WOOD, AssociateProfessorof German.

(a) will havechargeof theinstruction in German.(b) will conductthe advancedcoursesin German, including

the German Seminary,Middle Low German, Gothic, OldNorse,Middle High German,etc.

W. HAND BROWNE, Associatein English.

(a) Elizabethan, Fourteenth Century, Eighteenth Century,and recent Writers. Four times weekly, through the year.

(b) SynopticalStudy of English Literature. Twice weekly,tidrougid tide year.

R. T~ ELY, Associatein Political Economy.

(a) Political Economyand Modern Social Problems. Daily,tidrougid theyear.

(6) AdvancedPolitical Economy. Twice weekly,through theyear.

(c) ConiparativeStudiesin Administration. Weekly, throughyear.

F. FRANKLIN, Associatein Mathematics.

(a) Problemsin Mechanics. Twice weekly,through the year.(b) Differential and Integral Calculus. Three times weekly,

t1~rough the year.(c) Theory of Equations, (first half-year), Solid Analytical

Geometry,(secondhalf-year). Threetimesweekly.(d) Preparationfor Matriculationin TrigonometryandAnalyti-

cal Geometry.

E. M. HARTWELL, Associatein Physical Training.will havechargeof theGymnasiumand will direct thecourses

in PhysicalCulture.

A. L. KIMBALL, Associatein Physics.

(a) will dlirect thecourse of instruction for undergraduatesinGeneralPhysics,including experimentallectures,recitations,etc. Daily, tidrougid tide year.

(6) will give coursesof lecturesto the major coursestudeiits.Daily, througid tide ycccr.

H. A. TODD, Associatein RomanceLanguages.

(a) Undergradluatecourses in French. Daily, through theyear.

(6) Italian andSpanish.

J. W. BRIGHT, Instructor in English.

(a) OldestEnglish Texts, Historical English Grammar,Semi-nary. Daily, througid the year.

(6) Elementsof Phonetics,History of EnglishLanguage,Anglo-Saxon, and First English Literature. Three times weekly,through theyear.

For thework of other InstructorsandAssistantsreferencemaybemadeto thesubjoinedstatements,andto theRegister.

88 [No. 40.

JULY, 1885.1 UJVIVERSITYCIPCULARS.

MATHEMATICS.

PROGRAMME FOR 1885-86.

I. Graduate Courses.PROFESSORNEWCOMB:

Seminary.IVeekly,throughtheyear.

PracticalandTheoreticalAstrollomy.Twice weekly,throughtheyear.

DR. STORY:

Seminary.Weekly,tlu’o’agh theyear.The exercisesof this Seminarywill consistof original work by the

students,under the guidanceof the Director,on a prescribedsub-ject. The studentsareexpectedto makeweekly reportsof progress,which will bediscussed,and from time to time new lines of researchwill be suggested. Tim subjectsfor investigationduringtheensu-ing year will probablybe specialtopics in theGeometryof higherCurvesandSurfaces.

IntroductoryCoursefor Graduates(includingMechanics,Theoryof Numbers,ModernAlgebra, HigherPlaneCurves,Surfacesand Twisted Curves, Quaternions,Calenlus of Operations,Probabilities,Partial Differential Equations,and EllipticFunctions).

Dolly, throughtheyear.This courseis intendedaspreparatoryto all theadvancedcou?ses,and

candidatesfor the Doctor’sdegreein Mathematicsare expectedtotakeit in thefirst yearof theircandidacy,if theyhavenotpreviouslytaken it.

AdvancedCoursein Analytic Geometry(including applicationsof thegeneraltheoryto curvesandsurfacesof the third andfourthorders).

Threetimesweekly,throughtheyear.

Finite Differences,Interpolation,andProbabilities.Twiceweekly,through the year.

DR. CRAIG:

Seminary.IVeekly,through the year.The subjectsto which attention will be specially directed are the

theory of doubly periodic functions, and linear differential equa-tions, with singly and doubly periodic coefficients, particularlyLam&s and other allied equations. The work will be dividedintothree parts: solution of problems, the historical investigation ofthe above-mentionedsubjects,and reportson currentmathematicaljournals.

Theoryof Sound.Th~cc timesweekly,first half-year.

SphericalHarmonicsandTheoryof Attractions.T~eiceweekly,first half-year.

Theoryof Functions.Threetunesweekly,firsthalf-year.

Linear Differential Equations.Three timesweekly,secondhalf-year.

Abelian Functions.Threetimesweekly,secondhalf year.

Partial DifferentialEquations.Twiceweekly,second half-year.

DR. FRANKLIN:Problemsin Mechanics.

Tseiceweekly,through the year.

Mathematical Society.The Mathematical Society, composedof the instructors and

advancedstudents,will meet monthly as heretoforefor thepre-sentationanddiscussionof papersandoral communications.

II. Undergraduate Courses.FIRST YEAR:

Conic Sections.Twice weekly,through theyear. DR. STORY.

Differential and IntegralCalculus.Threetimesweekly, through the gear. Da. FRANKLIN.

SECOND YEAR:

Differential Equations.Twiceweekly,throughtheyear. DR. CRAIG.

Theoryof Equations.Threetimesweekly,first half-year. Des. FRANKLIN.

Solid Analytic Geometry.Threetimessceckly,secondhalf year. DR. FRANKLIN.

Preparationfor Matriculation in TrigonometryandAnal/ticGeometry.Threeor four timesweekly, through the year. DR. FRANKLIN.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1884-85.ProfessorNewcomb:

Analytical and Celestial Mechanics. Twice weekly,through the year.Seminary. IVeckly,sccoedhalf-year.

Dr. Story:Seminary. iVeckly,throughtheyear.Theory of Numbers. Twiceweekly,first half-year.Quaternions. Threetimesweekly,secondhalfyear.ModernSyntheticGeometry. Threetimessceckly,first half-year.ModernAlgebra. Twice weekly,secondhalf year.introductory Coursefor Graduates. Daily, through the year.Conic Sections. Twiceweekly,throseghtheyear.

Dr. Craig:Seminary. Weekly,through the year.Calculusof Variations. Twiceweekly,firsthalf-year.Differential Equations. Twice weekly,through theyear.Theoryof Functions. Threetimesceeckly, throughtheyear.Hydrodynamics. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.Linear Differential Equations. Threetimesseeckly,secondhalf-year.

Dr. Franklin:Problemsin Mechanics. Twiceweekly,throughthe year.Theoryof Equations. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.Differential and integral Calculus. Three timesweekly,throughtheyearSolidAnalytic Geometry. Threetimesseeckly,secondhalf-year.Analytical Geometry. Twice weekly,first half-year; three times weekly,

secondhalf-year.Trigonometry. Threetimesseeckly,first half-year.

Mr. Nixon.Diflbreutial audi Integral Calculus (specially designedfor studentsof

I~hysics). Dcity, first helf-yea’r.

Threenumbersof theseventh,volumeof the A1~IRRICAN JOUR-

NAL OF MATI-IE1XIATIcs have heen issued during theacademicyear,andthelast number of thevolume is now in press.

89

JOHNShOPKINS

PHYSICS.

PROGRAMME FOR 1885-86.

The coursesin Physicsarearrangedto meetthewantsnot onlyof undergraduates,but alsoof thosewho arepreparedfor advancedwork andwish to makePhysicsaspecialty. Graduatesandotherswishing to takethe advancedcourseand who havenot alreadypursued the equivalent of the undergraduatecourse,will berequiredto takeso muchof it as may seemdesirable.

I. Advanced Courses.

1. Lectures.PROFESSOR IROWLAND:

Thermodynamics,HeatConduction,andPhysicalOptics,includ-ing theelectro-magnetictheoryof light.Four lectures weekly,through the year.

DR. CRAIG:

Theoryof Sound.Threetimeswee/dy,first half-year.

DR. STORY:Mechanics. (In the introductory coursein Mathematicsfor

graduates).Five timesweekly, duringthefirstpart of theyear.

DR. FRANKLIN:

Problemsin Mechanics.Twiceweekly,through the year.

(All special studentsin Physics are expectedto take both the abovecoursesin Mechanics).

2. JovernalMeeting.

All advancedstudentsareexpectedto meetwith theinstructorsonceaweekfor the readinganddiscussionof thecurrentphysicaljournals. To eachstudentis assignedoneof theseuponwhich toreport during the year,giving a synopsisof the most importantarticles.

3. Laboratory Work.

The PhysicalLaboratoryis furnishedwith apparatuspurchasedfrom the best European and American makers, selectedndthspecial referenceto investigations,and especiallyvaluable forresearchesin electricity, magnetism,light, and heat. The labo-ratory will be open for work from 9 a. m. till 5 p. m. dailythroughoutthe year. The construction of a new building is tobeginat once.

Advancedstudentsareexpectedto give as much of their timeaspossibleto laboratorywork. This will consist at first in carry-ing oPt experimentswhich familiarize them with exact measure-mentandwith experimentalmethods. Whensufficientexperienceof this kind hasbeenacquired,thestudentundertakes,undertheguidanceof theinstructors,someresearchdesignedto be of per-manentvalue.

II. Undergraduate Courses.The completeundergraduatecoursein Physicsextendsovertwo

years. For the first year’s coursea knowledgeof plane trigo-nomnetryandtheuseof loganthins is required,while for thesecondyearthestudentmustpossessanelementaryknowledgeof analyticgeometryand calculus.

FIRST YEAR:

1. Elementary Mechanics, Heat, Electricity and Magnetism,Sound and Light.Lecturesand recitations elady, throughthe year. Dx. KIMBALL.

2. Laboratory work, consisting of simple experimental problemssupplementingthe class-roomwork.Threehoursweekly,throagh the year. Dx. PERKINs.

SECOND YEAR:1. Mechanics.

ElementaryThermodynamics.Theory of Electricity.Problemsin Sound.WaveTheoryof Light.

Daily, throughtheyear. Dx. KIMBALL.

2. LaboratoryWork.Four hours weekly,through the year. Dx. PERKINs.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1884-85.

The roonmsdevotedto time PhysicalLaboratoryhavebeenopendaily for theprosecutionof studyandresearch,underthedirectionof ProfessorRowland,assistedby Drs. Kimball andPerkins.

A photographicmapof the speetrnmnhasbeennearlycompleted,and special preparatiomishave beenmadefor theexactmeasure-ment of wave lengths. Tbese preparationshave involved theconstruction of a comparator,a fine mnicrometerand a spectrom-eterwith telescopeshaving six and a quarterinch objectives andeight feetfocal length.

The following researcheshave also beencarried on during theybar:

Theinvestigationof displacementcurrentsby electra-magneticmeans.Time determinationof the expansionof water betweenzero and forty

degreescentigrade.The preparationandstudy ofstandardcells.Themeasurementof wavelengthsof light in absolutemeasure.

During the month of Octobera courseof twenty lecturesonMioleculeerDynamicswasgivenby Sir William Thomson,D. C. L.,F. II. S., &e., Professorof Physicsin tbe University of Glasgow.These lectureswereespeciallyintended to developthemechanicsof themoleculein its relationsto thelumniniferousether,andwereattendedby anumberof professorsandspecialstudentsof plmysicsfrom all partsof thecountry. Stenographicnotesof the lectureswere taken by Mr. A. S. Hathaway, armd havesincebeenwrittenout andpublished.

Advanced students have taken part with the instructors inweekly meetingsfor thediscussionof thecurremitphysicaljournals.

The following courseshave also beencarried on during theyear:

ProfessorRowland:Lectures on Electricity and Magnetism. Four tunesmueckly,through the

year.

Dr. Kimball:First year’scoursein General Pimysics. Daily, throagh the year.ElementaryTimermodynanmics. IVeeklyfor elevenweeks.Theoryof Electricity. Twice scecklyfor tenweeks.PhysicalOptics. Twiceucekigfor tenweeks.

Dr. Perkins:

90 [No. 40.

Laboratorywork of time undergraduatestudentstlmrouglmout theyear.

91JULY, 1885.1 UNIVERSITYOI1?CULAPS.

CHEMISTRY.

PROGRAMME FOR 1885-86.

The coursesin Chemistryareintendedto meetthewants (1) ofgraduateswho make Chemistrytheir specialty,or who select itas oneof their subordinatesubjectsfor the degreeof Doctor ofPhilosophy; (2) of undergraduatestudentswho study Chemistryfor generaltraining; (3) of specialstudentswho for good reasonshavencither receivedabachelor’sdegreenor matriculatedat thisUniversity. The first and secondyears’ coursesare designedmainly for undergraduates,though graduatesandspecialstudentswho havenot donean equivalentamountof workwill be requiredto follow suchportionsof thesecoursesas mayseemdesirable.

I. Advanced Work.

1. Laboratory Work.Most of the work of advancedstudentsis carried on in the

laboratory,whichwill be open to them daily, except Saturday,from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m. Thework, whichwill consistin makingdifficult and typical preparationsand in carrying out investiga-tions on assignedtopics, will be wholly under the direction ofProfessoriRemsen.

2. GeneralLectures. (By ProfessorRemsen).Advancedtopicswill be treatedin lectureswhich will begiven

during the first half-year. Specific announcementswill be madelater.

3. Historical Lectures.During the secondhalf-year there will be a course of about

twenty lectures on historical topics selectedand assignedbyProfessorRemsento Fellows andother advancedworkersin thechemicallaboratory.

This work, while servingto familiarizestudentswith chemicalliterature,is intended alsoto aid them in acquiringthe artof presentingsubjectsintheform of lecturesbeforeaudiences. All thosewho look forward to thecareerof teachersof chemistrywill be requiredto takeactive part in theexercises.

4. Journal Meetings.The instructorsandadvancedstudentswill meet onceor twice

aweekfor thepurposeof hearingreportson thearticlescontainedin thecurrent journalsof chemistry.

The reportsare furnished in turn by all who attendthe meetings. Alltheprincipal chemicaljournalsarereadandreportedupon.

II. Undergraduate Courses.FIRST YEAR:

This consistsof laboratorywork andlecturesor recitations.

1st Half- Year: Introduction to GeneralChemistry.Lecturesand examinationsdaily except Saturday(by

ProfessoriRemsen).

LaboratoryWork.Threetimesweekly, laboratoryopenfrom 1 to 4 p. in.,

Monday, Taesday,and Thursday. Work underthe directionof ProfessoriRemsen, Dr. Morse,and an assistant.

2ndHalf- Year: General Chemistry.Conversational exercisessupplementaryto the

courseof the first half-year; three timesweekly(by Dr. MarIe).

LaboratoryWork.As above,continued.

Mineralogy.Introduction to Crystallographyand DescriptiveMineralogy; twiceweekly(by Dr. Williams).

SECOND YEAR:

Thesecondyear~scourseis acontinuationof that just describedtogethertheyform what is knownastheMajor Course.

1st Half-Year:

2ndHalf- Year:

Analytical Chemistry.Lecturesand examinationsfour timesweekly(by Dr.

Morse).

DescriptiveMineralogy.Onceweekly(by Dr. Williams).

LaboratoryWork.Daily exceptSaturday,2—5 p. as. (underthedirection

of ProfessorRerasenand Dr. Morse).

Chemistryof theCompoundsof Carbon.Lectso’esand examinationsdaily exceptSaturday,(by

ProfessoriRemsen).

LaboratoryWork.As above,continued.

III. Applied Chemistry.

Opportunitywill be offeredfor work in Applied Chemistryinalmost any direction. Some instruction will be given in theassayingof ores. The objectof this work is not to makeassayersin the narrow senseof the word, nor mereanalystsof certainproducts,but to afford the thoroughlytrained chemistanoppor-tunity to familiarize himself ~with someof the more importantapplications of his science. Only the most advancedstudentswill bepermittedto undertakework of this kind.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1884-85.

The Chemical Laboratoryis a new building which coversanareaof about50 by 100 feetandhasthreefull storiesanda base-ment. In theba~ementarethenecessaryconveniencesfor assay-ing and other furnaceoperations. On the next floor thereayelarge rooms devoted mainly to qualitative and quantitativeanalysis. Onthe secondfloor, arethe rooms for researchwork,thoseof thedirector, the library, anda lecture-roomfor GeneralChemistry. On the third floor, arerooms for the chemicalandmineralogical collections, a working and lecture-roomfor mine-ralogy, andasecondlecture-roomfor chemistry. Thelaboratorywill convenientlyaccommodateaboutninetyworkingstudents.

Advancedstudentshavebeenengageddaily in the laboratoryin prosecutingsuchwork as seemedbestadaptedto thepurposesof each. Thosewho havecompletedthe full coursesin GeneralChemistry,including from two to threeyears’work in qualitativeand quantitative analysisand about a year’s work in makingdifficult and instructive preparations,wereencouragedto under-takethesolutionof originalproblems.

JOHNSHOPKINS

The following investigationshavebeenor in progressduringtheyear:

On chemicalaction in a magneticfield.The effect ofpressureon thetransformationof a diazo-compoundby boil-

in~ with alcohol.The structureof beuzoicsulphinide.On para-brom-beuzoicsuiphinide.On the relative stability of halo

6cnderivatives of the paraffins in thepresenceof analkali.

A methodfor theestimationof zinc dust.An apparatuswhich cuablesstudentsto determinethe equivalentsof

certainmetals.An apparatusfor distilling mercuryin a vacuum.Theresultsof theseinvestigationshaveeitherbeenalreadypublishedor

will soon appearin the American C’Iteinieal Journal. Someof themhavebeenreadbefore the Johns Hopkins Scientific Associationat its regularmeetings.

The Fellowsand otheradvancedstudentshavemet the instruc-tors twice a week during the year for the purpose of keepingabreastof the current chemical literature. All the importantjournalshavebeencarefully read,and full reports of thevariousarticleshavebeenmade.

These studentshave beenoften calledupon to treat importantchemicalquestionsin a broad way, going to the original sourcesandpresentingtheresultsin a complete form. In mostcasesthetopicsso investigatedhaveheen connectedwith the experimentalwork going on at the time; butother questions also have been elaboratedin this way which bore lessdirectly on the currentstudies. In severalcasescarefully written reportsof the results obtained have been prepared. The excellent library ofchemicalhooks and journalswhich is accessibleto the studentsin thelaboratory,at all reasonablehours,hasgreatly facilitatedtheexecutionofthis very desirableliterary work.

At the beginning of the year subjectswere assignedto theFellows and othersfor the preparationof lectures on variouschemicaltopicstreatedhistorically; andsixteensuchlectureswere

the result. Thesewere preparedfrom a careful study of theoriginalarticlesin thejournals,andwerenot borrmveclfrom bookson the history of chemistry. Full abstractsof theselectures,furnished with complete referencesto the articles consulted,areto be prepared and preservedin the chemicallibrary. The lec-tures given were as follows:

Two by Professorltemsenon “The Pasicityof Acids”;One by Dr. J. II. Dugganon “Disinfecting Agents”;One by Mr. W. S. Bayleyon “The History of Uric Acid”Two by Dr. I). T. Day on “ Dissociation”One by Mr. C. S. Palmeron “The Proust-JiertholletControversy”Two by Dr. Morse on “The [listory of Phosphorus”Oneby Mr. A. C. I~almeron “Isomerismin theJ3enzeaeSeries”One by Mr. H. W. Hillyer on “homology”;Two by Dr. B. H. Kaiseron “The history of Pvridineand Quinoline”;Theselectureswereattendedby anaverageof twenty-livepersonsinclud-

ing theinstructors.

In addition,thework of the yearhasconsistedof thecoursesbelow mentioned:

LaboratoryWork throughtheentireyear, conductedby ProfessorRemsen,Dr. Morseand Dr. E. II. Kaiser.

Lecturesby Professori{ernsen:GeneralChemistry,daily, first hcdfyear.Chemistryofthe Compoundsof Carbon,daily, secondhalf year.ChemieniPhilosophy, tacleelectures,first half-year.

Coursesby Dr. Morse:Analytical Chemistry,four tunesweekly,first half-year.GeneralChemistry, threetimesweekly,second half-year.

Coursesby Dr. Williams:ElementaryMineralogy, twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.

Six numbers of the AMERICAN CHEMIcAL JOURNAL haveappearedwithin theyear. TheseareNos. 3, 4, 5, 6 of Vol. VI.,andNos. 1 and2 of Vol. VII.

MINERALOGY AND PETROGRAPHY.

PROGRAMME FOR 1885-86.

In additionto theelementaryinstructionin Mineralogyincludedin the regularchemical courses(above),DR. WILLIAMS will give,during the first half-year,to advancedstudentsa course on theMineralogy of Ihe Silicales with especialreferenceto their para-genesisand geological importance.

Particularattentionwill bedevotedto theopticaland microscopiccharac-teristics of the rock-forming mineralsas introductory to the leetumesonpetroyraphy(bothmacroscopicandmicroscopic)which will form time subjectof the latter portion of this course. These lecturesare intended t.o besupplementaryto the courseon General Mineralogy given during thesecondhalf of thepresentyearand only suclm studentswill he adumittedtoit as possessthe necessary knowledgeof crystallographyand physicalmineralogy.

During thesecondhalf-year lectureswill b~ given to graduatestudentson General Mineralogyand the descriptionof thenon-silicate species. Therewill also be a certain number of lectureson InorganicGeology.

Throughoutthe year opportunity will be afforded for speciallaboratory work in crystallography,physical mineralogy,andmicroscopicalpetrography. During the autumn and spring, as

long as theweatherpermits, therewill be weekly excursionsinthe neighboringcountry for thepurposeof studying mineralogyandgeologyin the field.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1884-85.

Coursesof lectureshavebeengivenby Dr. G. H. Williams on:InorganicGeology,Petrography,and General Mineralogy. Threetimnes

weekly.Daily laboratoryinstruction hasalsobeengivenin microscopicalpetrog-

rapimy and pimysicalumimmeralogy.Frequentexcursionshave been made and considerablematerial for a

geologicalumap of the vicinity of Baltimore has been brougist togetimermuek information as to time numberand range of the mineralsoccurringwithin this district hasalsobeencollected.

Specialand detailedmicroscopicstudiesImave been madeof the basicmassiverocles(lm)-perstlmene-anel o1ivin~-~abbrosanelperidotites)occurringnear Baltimome,as well asof the snolecularand elmemical changeswimichtheseImave undergamme.

Considecalmieumicroscopicwork has also been done on the interestingmassiveroclesoccurimig nearPeeleskill,N. Y., which have been called byProf. J. D. Danathe“Cortlandt Series.”

92 [No. 40.

JULY, 1885.1 UNIVERSITY 011WULA PS.

BIOLOGY.

PROGRAMME FOR i88-86.

I. Collegiate Instruction.

This is designedespecially for undergraduatestudents,butgraduatestudentswho have not had a thorough preliminarytraining will be requiredto follow the instruction in thosesub-jects of thecollegecoursein which theyarefoundto be deficient,before they will be permitted to undertakeadvancedbiologicalstudiesor engagein original research.

The regular course of biological instruction extendsovertwoyears,but thosewho take Biology only as a subsidiarysubjectfor the B. A. degreeare not requiredto do more thanthe firstyear’swork.

First Year (Mireor) Course.

This basbeen plannedto meet the needs(1) of thosewhointendultimatelyto takeupsomeonebranchof Biology (Zodlogy,Physiology,or Botany) for specialstudy; (2) of students,gradu-ate or undergraduate,who expect later to study medicine, butmeanwhiledesire,as avaluable preparation,to obtain somegen-eral knowledge of the phenomena,laws, and conditions of life;(3) of thosewho desire,as apart of their generalcollegetraining,someacquaintancewith tnemethodsof modernexperimentalandobservationalscience,and select Biology as a subject of studywith that end in view.

The course consists of five lectures or recitations weeklythroughouttheacademicyear, with laboratorywork. Thelabor-atory work takes the place of the greaterpart of the outsidereadingrequired in connectionwith most other undergraduatecoursesin theuniversity. The following subjectsareincludedintheyear’swork.

1. GeneralBiology.Three lectares or rec?tctWnSweeklyfrom the commencementof the session

icutil theendof iifcreh.Attention is directedto the broad characteristicphenomenaof life

andliving thingsrather thanto theminuth of descriptiveBotanyor Zoblogy, or to t.hecharactersof orders,genera,and species. Inthe laboratorythe staclent learns how to observe,how to verifyand describewhat he observes,how to dissect,and how to useamicroscope;heexaminesselectedvegetableand animaltypesfromunicellular organisms,suchas the yeast-plantand Ammba, to thefern and the flowering-plant on one side and the crayfish and amammal on the other. In the lectureroom attention is mainlygiven to the fundamentalbiological facts and laws which theparticularplant oranimalunderconsiderationis fittedto illustrate,theobject beingratherto give thestudentan ideaof what is meantby theterms living thing, plant animal, tissuedifferentiation,lifehistory, organ, function, etc., than to teach him the elementsofBotanyand ComparativeAnatomyascommonly understood. Theorganismsstudied are Torula, Protococcus,Ammba, Micrococcus,Bacterium, Bacillus, Spirillum, Penicillium, Mucor, Spirogyra,Nitella, a moss,a fern, a flowering-plant,Infusoria,Hydra,starfish,earthworm,crayfish, clam,frog, terrapin,pigeon,and rat; so thatat thecloseof thecoursethestudenthas a practical knowledgeofthestructureand life conditionsof a typical examplefrom eachofthe main divisions of plants and animals,on which to base hisreadingandlater studies.

2. The Embryology of theChick andMammal.Threelecturesor recitationsweeklyfrom the beginning of April until the

closeof thesession,withpractical studyof the developmentof a bird.In this coursethe student,who has alreadyin hisGeneralBiology

observedthenaturalarrangementof animalsandplantsin divergingseriesadvancingfrom a simplebit of living matterto highly com-plicatedorganisms,studiestheindividualdevelopmentof oneofthehighem~ animals,from its start as an almost formless bit of proto-plasm to its final highly complexstructure. The increasingdiffer-entiationof tissuesandorganswhich he has notedas higher andhigherplantsand animalsweredissected,he now seesexemplifiedby the chick embryo in different stagesof development. At thesametime a good foundationis laid for subsequentadvancedstudyin VertebrateMorphology.

3. Osteology,Human andComparative.Tero lecteres or recitations weeklywatil the end of March, with practical

studyon selectedskeletons.The studentbegins with the human skeleton,which, as the most

minutely and accuratelydescribed of all conveniently accessibleanimalstructures,is xvell fittedto train him to observecloselyandaccurately. He then studies a skeletonfrom each of the chiefordersof the Mammaliaandtwo or threefrom eachof theremain-ing main groupsof Vertebrata.

4. Plant Analysis andtheelementsof SystematicBotany.Proctical instructiontwiceweeklyfrom thebeginningof April watil the close

of the session.The studentis taught how to collect andpreserveplants; and by the

analysisof a numberof flowering plantsunderthe direction of histeacher,getsa good introductionto the terminology of descriptivebotany,and learns how to usea botanical key for the recognitionof species.

Second Year (Major) Course.

This is designedfor thosewho,havingcompletedtheaboveminorcourse,desireto proceedfarther with biological studies. Ulti-matelytbe secondyear’swork in biology will be,at thechoiceofthe student,one of three courses;in the first of theseAnimalPhysiology will be the dominant study; in the second,AnimalMorphology; in the third, Botany; for the presenta choice isofferedonly betweenthe first andsecondof thethree.

[To eompl~te a naijor course a sindent rnnst, after finishing his minor, take either 1, 2,and 3, of the ssmhj~clsbelow named, or 2, 3, and 4. The former combination is recom-mendedto those who intend afterwards to study medicinej.

1. MammalianAnatomy.Twiceereckly, until Christmas.In connectionwith this coursethestudentdissectsone of the hinher

mammalswitit all the minutenesswith which the humanbody isdissectedin a medical school. He thus not merelylearnshow todissectthoroughly, but acquiresa knowledgeof the names,generaldistributionandstructureof nearlyall themuscles,nerves,vessels,andviscera,andbecomesfittedto takeupprofitably theprofessionalstudy of thedetailsof descriptive and regional HumanAnatomy,and so saves much time when he subsequentlytakes up morestrictly professionalstudies.

2. Animal Physiologyand Histology.Threelecturesor recitationsweeklyduring the year.This courseis designedto give the studenta good knowledgeof the

propertiesandmodeof working in healthof the varioustissuesandorgans of the higher animals, man included;also to give him agood knowledge of t.heir microscopic structure. It thus preparesthestudentfor subsequentstudy of Pathology. In the laboratory

93

JOHNSIJOPIUNS

ea.chstndentexaminesfor himself thehistologyof eachorgan andtissne,and thuslearnstheuseof reagentsandembeddingmaterials,the methodsof cntting andmountingsections,etc.; he alsostudiespractically thecompositionof themore important organsand tis-snes, the chemistry of digestion, the fundamentalpropertiesofliving musclesandnerves,theheat of theheart,thephenomenaofreflex action, etc. Important physiological facts, which reqnirespecialskill for their exhibition or the eniploymentof especiallydelicateinstruments,dre demonstratedto theclass. Therewill he,asa rule, onesuchdemonstrationweekly. No painful experimentsare perforiaedin connectionwith this course.

Thephysiologicalapparatusbelongingto theUniversity is unusuallygood andcomplete; studentshave, accordingly,not only theoppor-tunity to acquire,a kno~vledgeof themethodsof modernhistologicalinvestigation,but also of the modeof using all the chief instru-mentsemployedin physiological,pathological,andpharmacologicalresearch.

3. Elementsof Zodlogy.Twolecturesor recitationsweeklyfrom the Christmasrecessuntil the end of

the academicyear.A systematiccourseof lectureson the structure, relationships,and

classificationof animals. In thelaboratorythestudentwill dissecta numberof formsselectedto supplementthetypesstudied in theGeneralBiology course.

Thesetypesare—Calcareoussponge;tubularianhydroid; hydro-medusa;actinia; star-

fish and its development;seaurchin and its development;bob-thurian; polychactousannelid; leech; distoma;copepod;barnacle;crab,and it.s metamorphosis;limulus; scorpion; grasshopper;gas-teropod; cephalopod; lingula; ascidian; amphioxus;shark; tel-cost; lizard.

4. Marine Laboratory.At least two months’ studyat the marine laboratory of the Unirersity

betweenJune1stand Au?iust31st.Thismay he takenin one yearor a month mayhe taken in each of

two consecutiveyears.

II. University Instruction and Opportunities.

This is designedfor graduateswhohavealreadysuchknowledgeof Biology as might beobtainedby following thecollegiatemajorcoursein that subject,andfor otherswho,althoughnot graduates,satisfytheuniversityauthoritiesthat theyarecompetentto under-takeadvancedwork. In theuniversitycoursesbut little of theteaching is given by formal lectures;the instructorscome intoclosedaily contactwith the students,supervisetheir wQrk, directtheir researches,andadviseas to their reading.

1. Animal Physiology.The new biological laboratory has been especiallyconstructedwith

referenceto providing opportunit.~for advancedwork in experi-mental physiology. The collection of physiological instrumentshelonging to theUniversity is unusuallylargeand completeandisyearly addedto,—the Trusteesproviding an annual sum for thepurchaseof instrumentswanted for anyparticularinvestigation,orwhich for otherreasonsit is desirableto have in the laboratory.There is also a workshop in the laboratoryin which a skilledmechanicis keptemployedrepairingandconstructinginstruments.rihe laboratorycontainstwo largeroomsfor generaladvancedworkin animal physiology, in addition to othersspecially designedforwork with thespectroscope,with themnyograph,for electra-physio-logical researches,andfor chemicalphysiology.

2. Animal Histology.The laboratory containsa special room constructedfor advanced

histological work, and ~vell supplied with apparatusand reagents.Thereis alsoa roomandapparatusfor micro-photography.

3. Animal Morphology.Roomsfor advancedwork in this subjectare containedin thelabora-

toryand a courseof advancedlecturesis givenby Dr. Brooks. Thechiefadvancedstudy in animal morphology is howevercarried onat the Marine Laboratory,openat thesea-sidefrom thebeginningof Juneuntil theendof August, nuderthedirectionof Dr. Breaks.The Marine Laboratorypossessesa steamlaunchand a largesloop,andis suppliedwith dredges,boats,aquaria,microscopes,etc.

4. PhysiologicalPsychology.During theacademicyearacourseof lectures,combinedwith labora-

torywork, will begivenby Dr. G. StanleyHall, in connectionwiththepsychologicalcoursesof instructionin theuniversity.

5. Lectures.Dr. W. H. Howell will give aboutthirty advancedlectureson the

Physiologyof Respiration. Shortcoursesof lectureswill hegivenfrom timeto time on otherselectedphysiologicalandmorphologicalsubjects.

6. Journal Club.A Journal Club, composedof theinstructorsandadvancedstudents,

meetswedkly for the readingand discussionof recentbiologicalpublications.

7. ReadingClubs, in Animal Morphology andPhysiology, for thestudyanddiscussionof classicalbiological works,meetweekly, duringthegreaterpart of thesession.

8. Library Facilities.The laboratorycontainsa library suppliedwith standardbiological

works and completesets of the more important journals. Thereis also a special collection of books which have been broughttogether in connectionwith researchescarried on in the labora-tory. An effort is always made to procure for anyoneengagedin a. particularinvestigation all publicationsbearingon his workhut not easily accessible,as graduation theses,occasionalpublica-tions from laboratoriesin Europe and elsewhere,etc. The bio-logical library receivesregularly aboutforty biological periodi-cals, including all tIme important physiological and morphologicaljournalsin English,Franch, German,and Italian.

The general library of theUniversityreceivesall thechiefjournals.of general science,and thetransactionsof all the leading learnedsocietiesof theworld.

The Library of the PeabodyInstit.ute, within five minutes’ walk ofthe University, containscompletesets of many of the chief bio-logical journals,of the proceedingsof learnedsocieties,and ot.herworks of reference.

In thelibrary of the Medical and Chirurgical Facultyof Maryland,a very large numberof medicalperiodicalsis accessibleto mem-bersof theUniversity.

The proximity of Washingtonis of specialvalue to advancedstudentsof physiology. The Library of theArmy Medical Museumin thatcity containsan almost unrivalled store of physiological workswhich areavailableunderconditionsfavorableto study.

9. Publication.In connection with the biological laboratory thereis published a

journal (Stadiesfrom the Biological Laboratory) which containsthe resultsof most of the researchescarried out in the labora-tory; a ready meansof publication for original work is thussecured. The Ultiversity Circalars, which appearat short inter-vals throughout the year, are available for preliminary state-ments, securing priority for discoveries while more detailedaccountsare in courseof publication.

III. Naturalists’ Field Club.

This wasorganizedby membersof theUniversity, but includesin its list of membersother residentsof Baltimore interestedinNatural History. The club works in three sections—Gbologyand Mineralogy, Zodlogy, Botany. Each section elects its ownofficers and arrangesfor its own fteld excursionsand its own

94 [No. 40.

JULY, 1885.] UNIVERSITY(LAGULA PS.

meetings. Thereare also monthly meetingsof the whole club,whenthe chairmenof the different sectionsreport progressandan addresson sometopic of Natural History is given by one ofthemembers.

The mineralogicalcollectionsof the club are preservedin theChemicalLaboratory; thebotanicalandzodlogicalin theMuseumof theBiological Laboratory.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1884-85.

I. Laboratory Work.

The Biological Laboratoryhasbeenopenfor eight hoursdailyduring the year, for the prosecutionof advancedstudy andresearchand for coursesof practical instruction in connectionwith classlectures.

During the year original investigations have beenmade inregardto the following subjects:

The proteidsof blood plasma. Theinfluenceofintermittent pressureonarterial tonicity. The influenceof varioussalts on arterial tonicity. Theabsoluterelative value of commercialdisinfectantsand germicides. Re-generationof tissue in larvn. The rate of propagationof the wave ofmuscular contraction. Thc proximatecauseof the coagulationof blood.The functionsof thecardiacnervesof the Chelonia. The natureof apnma.The embryologyof Echinoderms. The conditionswhich determinesex.The embryologyof insects. The segmentationof the Vertebrateskull.The homology of the hypoglossusnerve.

Preliminarynoticesof the resultsof most of the above researcheshavealreadybeenprintedin the University Circelars, in theZooloyiseherAnveigerand elsewhere. Fuller accountswill shortly be published.

In connectionwith the regular class instruction, first yearstudentsstudied a number of typical fungi, green plants, andanimals; the skeletonsof about twentyselectedvertebrates;andthe developmentof the chick in the egg. In the spring therewere twelve practicallessonsin the elementsof SystematicandDescriptiveBotany.

Secondyear studentsworkedat thehistology of thetissuesandorgansof thehigheryertebrata(especiallyman); thephysiologi-cal properties and functions of the tissues and organs; thephysiology of digestion; the chemistry of bile, urine, etc. Thecat was thoroughly dissectedby the secondyear students,andabouttwenty-fiveselectedinvertebrateandvertebratetypes.

II. Advanced Instruction.

Dr. W. K. Brooks lecturedtwice weekly through theyear onAdvancedMorphology.

A course of seven lectures on Morphological Problemswasgiven during April andMay, asfollows:

Three lectures by Mr. E. A. Andrews on the Anatomy, Embryology,andAffinities of Annelids.

One lectureby Mr. J. Playfair McMurrich on the MorphologicalSig-nificanceof theHypoglossusNerve.

Onelectureby Mr. A. T. Bruceon theEmbryology of Insects.Onelectureby Mr. Otto Luggeron Galls.Onelectureby Dr. W. K. Brookson Alternationof Generations.

A courseof six lectureson Animal Teratology was given byDr. ~W.T. Councilmanduring May.

Most of the advancedwork was carried on individually, andnot in class;eachworker taking up somespecialtopic for studyunderthe immediatedirectionof someoneof the instructors. In

95

addition to the original researchesalready enumerated,certaingraduatestudentshavein this mannercarriedon advancedstudyin variousdirections.

Studentsengagedin this kind of study(which formsastepping-stonebetweenclass-workandoriginal research),areusuallygivensome important original article, and shown how to repeat andverify for themselves(and criticise) the experimentsand resultsdescribedin it. By studying andrepeatingthe originalwork ofothersthey learnthemethodsof biological investigation,andarethus trained to plan and carry out researchesthemselves. Inconnectionwith this work, studentsare also taught how to huntup andutilize thebibliographyof a subject.

III. Class Instruction.

Coursesof lecturesfor undergraduatesweregivenas follows:Osteology,twiceweekly,until the endof ]lfcu’eh.MammalianAnatomy,twicesveekly,until fJ’hristmos.Animal Physiologyand histology, three timesweekly, throughtheyear.GeneralBiology, threetimesweekly,until the endof ]lfarch.Embryologyof theChick andMammal, threetimesweekly,from thefirst

of April until the closeof thesession.PlantAnalysis, twiceweekly,in April and May.

IV. Marine Laboratory.

During thesummerof 1884, thd seasideZoSlogicalLaboratoryfor thestudyof formsof marinelife, wasopenat Beaufort,N. C.,for fifteen weeks.

The advancedwork included original investigations on thefollowing subjects:

The embryologyand systematiczoblogy of Echinoderms,Annelids,andMedusn. Thesusceptibilityof marineanimalsto vegetablepoisons. Di~es-tion in theAnthozoa. The structureandaffinities of Balanoglossus. Theembryologyof Gasteropodandthehomology of theGaste~opodGill. Theearly developmentalstages of Teleostci. The origin and significanceofalternationof generationsin Hydroids. The segmentationof the verte-brate skull. The metamorphosisand systematicZodlogy of the Stom-atopods.

The resultsof manyof theseinvestigationshavebeenalreadypublished;otherswill be shortly.

V. Publications.

Number2 of the third volume of “Sludiesfrom Ihe BiologicalLaboralory” waspublishedin December. It contains:

I. Noteson theComposition of the Blood and Lymph of the SliderTerrapin(Pseademysrugosa). By W. H. Howell.

II. The Origin of theFibrin formed in the Coagulationof Blood. ByW. H. Howell.

III. On the Action of Carbolic Acid, Atropia, and Convallaria on theHeart; with someObservationson the Influence of Oxygenatedand Non-oxygenatedBlood, and of Blood in variousDegreesofDilution. By H. G. Beyer. With PlateVII.

IV. The Action of IntermittentPressureandof DefibrinatedBlood upontheBloodvesselsof theFrog and theTerrapin. By L. T. StevensandF. S. Lee.

Number3, now in press,contains:I. Marine Larvm andtheir relationto adults. By H. ~ Coun.

II. Thecranialnervesof Amia Galva. By J. P. McMurrich.III. The endingsof the motor nervefibres in thestyiped musclesof the

Frog. By Christian Sihler.

Number4, to be publishedin afew weeks,will contain:

I. Observationson Zo6~loem and several rel4t~cd forms. By Win.Trelease.

JOHNSHOPKINS

ANCIENT AND MODERN LANGUAGES.

PROGRAMMES FOR 1885-86.

CREEK.

I. Greek Seminary.

PROFESSORGILDEESLEEVEwill conducttheGreek Seminary,theplanof which is basedon thecontinuousstudyof someleadingauthoror somespecialdepartmentof literature.

The Seminaryconsistsof thedirector,fellows,andscholars,andsuch advancedstudentsas shall satisfythedirectorof their fitnessfor an active partIci~)atioII in the work, by an essay,a criticalexercise,or somesimil r test of attainmentsandcapacity. Allgraduatestudents,however,may havetheprivilege of attendingthe course.

During the next academicyear the study of Plato and of theliterary form of GreekPhilosophywill constitute the chief occupa-tion of themembers.

In connectionwith theSeminarythe directorwill interprettheiS’yrnposionof Plato once aweekwith conferenceson topics sug-gestedby the text, of which Jahn’sedition will beused.

Thephilosophyof Platowill also be takenup in thecoursesofProfessorHall.

It is importantthat all should be providedin advancewith iRitter andPreller’sHisloria philosophiaeexfontiumloeis contextawith acompletePlatonictext, andannotatededitionsof someof theprincipal dialo

0ues,suchashug’sSy~nposion,DeuschleandCron’s orSauppe’sProtagoras, I2e~sschleandCron’sGorgias,Wagner’s Phaidon, Thompson’sPhaidros, Riddell’s Apology, andCampbell’s fI’heaitetos.

II. Advanced and Graduate Courses.

1. Pno~ssonGILDERSLEEVE will also conduct a course ofPractical Exercisesin Greek, consistingchiefly in translation atdictationfrom Greek into English and English into Greek,twomeetingsaweek from thebeginning of the sessionto the first ofJanuary.

2. He will give a courseof lectures on GreekSyntax: (i) Onthe Hypotactic sentence;(ii) On the influence of grammaronstyle. (Thissecondpartwill comprisereadingsin Homer,Hesiod,theDramatic Poets,Herodotos,andThukydides). Oncea weekuntil the first of January,thenceforwardtwice a week.

III. Undergraduate Courses.

1. Xenophon, Oeconoinicus.Four hours weekty,first half-year. D . SPIEKER.

Private Reading:Lysias, Orations 7, 9, 12, 13, 24.

2. Homer, Iliad, 8, 9; Euripides,Alcestis.Four hours weekly,secondhalf-year. Da. SPIEKER.

PrivateReading:ilerodotus,Keep’sSelections.

3. Demosthenes,De Corona.Four hours weekly,first half-year. PROFEssORMORRIs.

Private Reading: Plato, Protagoras.

4. Sophocles,Antigone; Aristophanes,]Yubes.Four hours weekly,secondhalf-year. PROFEssORMoxuis.

PrivateReading: Ae~ehylus,PrometheusVinctus.

• 5. ProseComposition.Weeklyexercisesin connectionwith eachof the above courses.

6. Conferenceson GreekLiterature.A seriesof coaferenceswith illustrationsfrom authorsactuallystudiedin

the undergraduatedepartment. Oncea ‘week, after the spring recess.PxorxssowGILDEESLEEvE.

LATI N.

I. Latin Seminary.

DR. MTARREN will conduct the Latin Seminary. The LatinHistorians, moreespeciallyLivy and §Iacitus,will form the centreof work during thenext academicyear. Therewill betwo meet-ings a weekduringtheentiresession,devotedto thecritical inter-pretationof the authorsabove named,to auxiliary studies,andthe presentationof papersby membersof the Seminary. It isprobablethat during the first half of the year more particularattentionwill be paidto Livy, andin the latterhalf to Tacitus.

Studentsareadvisedto readin advanceasmuchaspossibleof Livy andTacitus,andto provide themselveswith completetexts of Cxsar, Sallust,Livy (either Weissenborn,or Madvig and Ussing), Tacitus (Halm), andSuetonius(Roth).

II. Advanced and Graduate Courses.

1. During the first half of the year DR. WARREN will give acourseof lectureson the RomanHistorians, beginningwith theearliestperiod.

2. In the latter halfof theyear,hewill give a courseof twentylectureson Historical Latin Grammar,with especialreferencetophoneticlaws andthegenesisof forms.

3. In the first half of the year, he will conduct a course ofweekly meetings for the Translation at Sight of various Latinwriters.

4. In the latter halfof theyear,therewill be a courseof Prac-tical Exercisesin Latin, one meeting a week, devoted mainly to

translationat dictationfrom Latin into English,andfrom Englishinto Latin.

III. Undergraduate Courses.

1. Livy, two books.Four hours weekly,first half-year. Dx. SPIEKER.

PrivateReading: Cicero, pro Roscio Asnerino, de Senectute,de Amicitia.

2. Horace,SelectOdes,Satiresand Epistles.Four hours weekly,secondhalf-year. Dw. S~rsexxx.

Private Reading: Horace, Epodes and Cassnen Saeculare;Vergil, Aeneid,book xii.

3. Cicero, de NataraDeorvan, book i; Lucretius,booksi andiii.~Sevenhours in two weeks,first half-year. PxorxssoxMomxvs.

Readingat sight.One hour everytwo weeks.

PrivateReading: Cicero,deNaturaDeorum,bookiii; Lucre-tins, book v.

4. Tacitus,Agricola, Germania,Annales,booksi andii.Four hoursu’eehly,vecondhalf-year. PRoFEssoRMoxxis.

96 [No. 40.

JULY, 1885.1 UNIVEI?SJTY011WULAPS.

Private Reading:C~sar,Bellurn Givile, booksi and ii; Tac-itus, Annales,book iii.

5. Terence,Andria; Plautus,Miles Gloriosus.Threehours weekly,first half-year. DR. WARREN.

Readingat sight.One hour weekly.

PrivateReading:Plautus,Miostellaria; Terence,Pltormio.6. Pliny, Letters; Juvenni,SelectSatires.

Threehours weekly,secondhalf-year. DR. WARREN.

Readingat sight.One hour weekly.

PrivateReading: Cicero,SelectLetters.7. ProseComposition.

Weeklyexercisesin connectionwith eachof the abovecourses.First year studentsmust take courses1, 2, and 7; second year students

must take courses3, 4, and7, or 5, 6, and 7. Shoulda studentbe unableto do tbePrivateReadingin connectionwith bis class-work,he may takethe examinationin Private Readingor extracoursesof class-work in asubsequentyear.

SHEMITIC LANCUACES.

PboFEssonHAUPT will give the following courses:

1. Hebrew: Critical interpretationof theMinor Prophets.Wednesday,3 p. in., duringthefirst half-year.

Liber duodecimprophe/arum,ed.Baer,Lipsiac, Tauchnitz.

2. Hebrew: Critical interpretation of the Book of Proverbs.Wednesday,3 p. in., duringthesecondhalf-year.

Liber Proverbierum, ed.Baer, Lipsiac,Tauchnitz.

3. HebrewExercises:Readinghistoricalbooksat sight.Wednesday,4 p. m.

4. Biblical Aramacan:Interpretationof theChaldeeportionsofthebook of Ezra.

• Tuesday,3 p. m.Libri Danielis,EzraeetNehemiae,ed.Baer,Lipsise,1882;Kautzsch,Grammatils

desBibliseh-Arumdischen,Leipzi~, 1884.

5. Syriacfor beginners:Elementsof the grammarandreadingof theSyriacversionof theBible and the SyriacChroniclesof Bar Ebr~yh.

Tuesday,4 p. m.F. Nestle, Brevis linguae Syriaceegrammatica, carolsriihaeet Lipsiac, 1881;

TheodorNOldeke,KurzgefussteSyriseheGrunmatik,Leipzig, 1880;AesuiliusRoediger, ChrestomathiaSyriaca, Halls Saxonum (third edition in prepa-ration).

6. Ethiopic: Interpretationof thePrayers,Sermonsand Homi-lies in Dillmann~sChrestomathiaAethiopica,Lipsiae,1868.

Wednesday,10 a.m.

7. Arabic: Readingof selectedportionsof theArabian Nightsandextractsfrom Arabic geographicalwriters.

Wednesday,11 a. in., duringthefirst half-year.BeyrutArabic ChrestomathyMo/Sniel-adab,Beyrot,1883, ImprimerieCatho-

lique; VocabuluireArabe-Fra.ngaisSlusagedesOludiantsparun pire mission-nairedeIa Compagniede JOsus,Beyrouth,ImprimerieCatholique,1883.

8. Arabic Syntax andReadingof selectedsfiras of the Cor~n.Wednesday,11 a. us., duringthesecondhalf-year.

Sir William Muir, Extractsfrom theCoranin the original, London,1880;Dieter-ici, Arabisek-DeutoehesHundsc5rterbuehsumKuran, Leipzig, 1881; Penrice,Dictionary ofthe Koran, London,1873. William Wright, A Grammarof theArabic Language,2d edition, London,1874.

9. Assyrian: Interpretationof theAnnals of Sennacherib(I R.,37—40):

Thursday,10 a. in., duringthefirst half-year.Sir Henrybawlinson,The CsoneoformInscriptions of WesternAsia, vol. I, Lon-

don, 1881.

97

10. Interpretationof selectedportionsof theNimrodEpic with thecuneiformaccountof theDelugeandtheCreationTablets.

Thursday,10 a. in., duringthesecondhalf-year.Hasspt,Das babyloniseheNimrodepos,I.eipzig,1884; Delitzsch,AssyrisclzeLose—

stdeke,third edition (uspreparation),Leipzig,1885.

11. Babylonian: Introduction to thestudy of Babylonian textsand interpretation of the inscriptions of Nebuchadnezzar,Neriglissar, Nabonidus, etc., the Cylinders of Cyrus andAntiochus (V R., 35 and 66), BabylonianLetters and Des-patches,ObservatoryReports,ContractTablets,etc.,etc.

Thursday,3 p. us.Sir HenryRawlinson,The CuneiformInscriptions of IVesternAsia, Tols.I and

v, London,1881and 1881; ThonG.Pinches,Textsin the Babylonian Wedge-Wilting, London,1882 (Societyof I3ihlical Arebmology).

12. Akkadian: Readingof selectedgrammaticaltexts.Ilaupt, JYeilschrifttexte,Part II, Leipzig, 1880; 6benesforssoInscriptionsof Western

Asia, vol. v.13. Sumerian: Interpretation of selectedbilingual hymns and

penitential psalms.Ilaupt, Keiischr(fttexte,Part Ill, Leipzig, 1880;Sir Henry Rawlinson,C’onei-

ferns Inscriptions of WesterseAsia, vol. Iv, new edition (in preparation),London,1885.

It is expectedthat coursesfor beginnersin Hebrew,Arabic,andAssyrian(shotild therebeany demandfor them), will begivenundertilesulservisionof ProfessorIlaupt,by Mr. Adler and Mr. Iluizinga, as Fellowsin ShemiticLanguages.

SANSKRIT AND THE COMPARATIVE GRAM-MAR OF THE COGNATE LANGUAGES.

Dn. BLOOMFIELD will give the following courses:

1. Sanskrit. (First year).Whitney’s grammarandthe selectionsfrom theNalaandIlitopade9a

in Lanman’sreader. Twiceaweek.

2. Sanskrit. (Secondyear).a. SelectionsfromtheKath&saritse~garaand the 21fdnava-dharma~&stra.

• b. Introductioninto theBig-Veda. Twice a week.

3. Sanskrit. (Advancedcourse).Hymns of the Athas-vaVeda, accompaniedby the corresponding

passagesof its sfitra, the Kanyika, and its commentary(D&s-ila).Weekly,through theyear.

4. Generalprinciplesof ComparativePhilology.Lecturesand Whitney’s “Languageand the Study of Language.”

lVeekly,th-ooeghthe year.

5. ComparativeGreekGrammar.A cursorysurvey based on GustavMeyer’s GriechischeGrammatik.

6. The formationandsyntaxof Indo-EuropeanNoun-Compounds.Ten lectureswith special referenceto the classical and Teutonic

languagesandSanskrit.

GERMAN.

I. Advanced Courses.

Advancedcourseswill begiven by DR. WOOD as follows:

1. The GermanSeminary.Twice weekly,through the year.The work of theSeminaryfor theyearwill centrein Low German.

An introduction on the languageandliteratureof Low Germanwill be given, including theoutlinesof Old Saxongrammar.

.JOIIiY5S5 hOPKiNS

Part of the Hiliand (ninth century)will be read and explained.The editions of Heyne (3 Auflage, Paderhorn,1883), and Sievers(lIalle, 1878),will beused. This will he followed by ]lfittelnieder-deatseh;Ejibben’s GrammatikandChrestornathie(Leipzig,1882),andby La~ueiabery’sNiede’rdeatscheScherzgedichte(seventeenthcentury)ed. Broune (Halle, 1879).

2. ModernLow Germnn.Ner er’s (Thcaamatikdes ]ifecklenbargisehenDialektes, Leipzig, 1869.

lVeekly, secondhalf—year.An introduction to thedialectwill hegiven, selectionsfrom Groth

and Beaterread,and their position andinfluencein Germanlite-ratureexplained.

3. Gothic.Twice weekly,first Aol/-year.Braune’s Grammatik (2 Auflage, 1884). Bernhardt, Knrzgefasste

Gotische Grammatik (Ilalle, 1884).

4. Old Norse.Twice weekly,firsthalf-year.Noreen, Altisliindische Grammatik(Halle, 1884). Brenner, Alt-nor-

dischesHandbuch,Leipzig, 1883.

5. Middle High German.Wolfram von Esehenhach’sPerzival. Weekly,secondhalf-year.

6. Old TeutonicLife.Weekly,first half-year.Class lectureson Mythology and Folk Lore, Law, DomesticLife,

Shipsand theSea,the Germanichall and house,etc.

II. Undergraduate Courses.

Collegiatecourseswill beconductedas follows:

Minor (First Year) Course.1. Classics.

Threetimesweekly. Dx. GOEBEL and Mx. HEMPL.Goethe: Prose, Egmont. Schiller: Maria Stuart. Lessing: Minna

vonBarnhelm.

2. Historical Readings.Twice weekly. DR. GOEBEL.

Freytag:Bilder aus der deutschenVergangenheitIII (AusdemJahr-hundertdesgrossenKrieges). iRiehi: GeschichtensendErziihlungenL

Therewill be a courseof parallel readings,centeringin theperiodof theThirty Years’ War.

3. Scientific Readings.Twice weekly. Mx. HxxPL.Hodges’ScientificGerman,and Humboldtin Aseswahl.

4. ProseComposition.Weekly. Mx. HEMPL.

5. OralPractice.Weekly. Mx. JixsrrL.

Basedupon readingsand exercises.Studentsmay chooseclssscsmakiug up the Minor courseunderthedirectionof the

instructor. Thus a completecourseusayconsistof Nos. 5, 4, 5,or 2, 4, 5, and one hoaroft, orof 5, 4, 5, and onehourof 5.

Major (SecondYear) Course.

1. Classics.Twiceweekly. Dx. GOEBEL.

Goethe:HersnannwadDorothea, Iphigenia,Faust,I; Schiller: Wal-lensteiss.

2. Middle High German.Weekly. Dx. Woon.Selectionsfrom the NibelsengenLied, Gadrun,etc.; lectureson the

chiefTeutonicepic cycles,with illustrations.

3. SelectedReadings.Masins’sLesebuchIII. Weekly. Dx. GOEBEL.

The selectionsaremadefrom historical,scientific, andmiscellaneousprose. Studentsmay, with the adviceof the instructor, choosebetweenthis courseandthepreceding.

4. ProseComposition.Weekly. Mx. HEMPL.

5. GermanLiterature.Weekly. Dx. GOEBEL.LecturesandReadingswith Kiuge’s GeschichtederdeatschenLiteratscr.

6. Exercisesin GermanStyleand Syntax.Meathly. Dx. GOEBEL.

Classesin GermanConversationwill meet daily through theyear.

SupplementaryClasses.SectionI. Otis’s ElementaryGerman; Whitney, Grammarand Reader.

Twiceand threetimes in alternateweeks. This classpreparesunder-graduatesfor enteringtheMinor Course. Mx. HEMPL.

SectionII. Otis, ElementaryGerman;Whitney,Grammar;Goethe,Prosa;Schiller, Wilhelm Tell; Lessing,Minnavon Barnhelm; ProseCom-position. Daily, throughtheyear. Thisclassis in placeof theregularGermanMinor Coursefor studentswho have passedthematriculationexaminationin Greek. It is alsorecommendedfor graduatesbeginningGerman. Mx. I-JxssPL.

ENCLISH LANCUAC: AND LITERATURE.

I. Advanced Courses.

iDn. BRIGHT will conductadvancedcoursesas follows:

1. OldestEnglish Texts. (Anglo-Saxon).Twice weekly,throughoutthe year.

2. Historical English Grammar.Twice sceekly,throughoutthe year.

3. TeutonicSeminary.

II. Undergraduate Courses.

Minor (First Year) Course.

1. ElizabethanWriters.Twice weekly,first half-year. Dx. BxowxE.

2. FourteenthCenturyWriters.Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year. Dx. BIIOWNE.

3. EighteenthCenturyWriters.Oncesceekly,through the year. Dx. BxowwE.

4. Elementsof Phonetics.Onceweekly,first half-year. Dx. BRIGHT.

5. History of EnglishLanguage.Onceweekly,secondhalf-year. Dx. Bxvanr.

6. ElementaryAnglo-Saxon.Onceweekly, throughouttheyear. Mx. RaGE.

7. Essaysby Students.

Major (SecondYear) Course.

1. Anglo-Saxon.Onceweekly,throughoutthe year. Dx. BRIGHT.

2. First EnglishLiterature (Ninth to EleventhCenturies).Onceweekly,throughout theyear. Dx. BxIGHT.

3. Early English (Twelfth and ThirteenthCenturies).Twice weekly,throughoutthe year. Mx. EGGE.

98 [No. 40.

JULY, 1885.1 UNIVERSITYCII?CULAI?S.

4. Modern English Literature.Onceweekly,through the year. Dx. BIIOWNE.

5. Essaysby Students.

English reepeireciof ciii undergradxeales.

Synoptical study of English Literature (in P. H. E. Course).Twice weekly,through the year. Die. B~eoweex.

Summary of English Courses.

Adronccd Courses. These coursesareintendedto meet therequirementsofthosewho areaiming at special scholarshipin English. Methodsareemployed by which the labors of pastand contemporaryscholarsaremade available,and by which the student may be led to individualresearch.

Anglo-Saxonand Jtficlcile English. The studentwill at oncebeginthe gram-matical studyof theoldestperiodof Englislm,and in thefirst yearwillberequiredto do thework representedby Sweet’sAnglo-SaxonReader.The next year lie will limm55 to the niore exact study of the leadimigAnglo-Saxondialect(West-Saxon),usingSlavers’ Old EnglishGrammar,editedby Prof.Cook,andreadinga goodportionof thebestWest-Saxonprose(suchasSweet’sed.of Alfred’s Orosi’as); sonicoftheminorpoems(Wtilker’s KleinereAngelsiichs.Dichtungen) amid laterAnglo-Saxonminis-

cellaneousprose(homilies,etc.). TheGranimarwill besupplemesitedbyconstantregardto thesubsequentdevelopmentof thelanguagein fornisandsyntax. The coursein Englishof thetwelfth amid thirteenthcen-turies,carriedon siniultaneously,will connectorgamiicallywith Anglo-Saxon on theoneside,aadwith thelanguageof Chauceron theother.

Elementsof Phonetics. Iii accordancewith the doctrimie that growth andchangesiii languagerest upon thee two-fold basisof physicalamid psy-chical laws,and thatmentalanalogiesonly occasionphoneticpossibili-ties, thee elementsof tIme scienceof theplsysicalproduction of speechareintroducedat thebegimimiingof this course,wheretIme student’sownvernacularcan lie eaiploycdin direct practicalapplicationof tIme primi-ciplesimivolved. The studemitwill be taught to realizein practicetheplmonetic categoriesof language,amid thus to arrive at a living defi-nition of the terminology •of the grammarian. Observation in thisfield will be restricted,primarily, to his own pronunciation,amid to thevariousphasesof his owmi language,and secondarily,to themiext bestkmiow-n phienonienaof GernianandFrench. A foundationwill thus helaid for thenioreexactniethodsin tIme subsequemitwork of thecoursein ModernLanguages.

History of the EnglishLengsmage. The outhimies of this suh~jectareimiipartedlby nieansof text-books, supplemnentarylectures,amidi “private readl-ings.” Time aim is to enforceiii a clea.rand orderly~niannera senseofthehist.oric continuity oftheEnglish Language.

First EnglishLiterature. The literatureof time Amigho-Saxomiperiodwill hestudied upomi thee basis of tlme treatiseof ten Brimik, amiiplified by timeresultsof niodern immvestigationandcriticismii.

EnglishLiterature. It will be seemithat in theliterary part of thesecoursesthesameideaof comitirmuity prevailsthatis empimasizedliii time hiaguisticpart. The studentis first givena synopticalview of thewhole field.In themajor andniiaor coursestIme mostimportantperiodsof literaryproduction are studlied, froni time ninth cemitury to the miiaet~esmt.hi.Froni thefourteemithcenturyelown, the history, miianners,pohitical andreligious conditions, etc., of time people, are explained sufficiently toindicate time position of time elmief writers of each period, and theinfluencesunderwimichi timey wrote.

For thie fourteenthmcemitury, the centralwork will be imi ChaucerandLangland; for time Elizabetimanperiod,in Shakespeare;for tIme eigh-teenth,in Popeandthe Essayists.

The essaysrequired of studentsareintendedto promotetheattainmentof a goon Englisim style. The imistructor is timus emmabledto see thedefccts of eachwriter, and to give imini thehielp andcounsel thmat lieneeds, insteadof laying down generalprinciples from the lecturersdesk.

P. H. E. C’onrse. Theol)ject of time Englisimportion of therequiredcoursein Physical Geography,history, and English,is to presenta view ofEaglisim Literature as a whole, preparatoryto niore critical study.Stopford Broolne’s Primer of English Litereitmere is recomnuiendedforreference. TIme booksnecessaryfor readingin classwill be annommacedby theinstructor.

RO ANCE LANCUACES.

I. Undergraduate Courses.A classfor beginnerswill meetdaily throughtheyear. Thetext-hooks

usedwill be Chardenal’sFirst and SecondFrench Course,togetherwithBreyniana’s FrenchGranimnar. The coursedoesnot count as part of therequiremiiemitsfor gradnatiomi,but is siniply anaidl providediby time universityfor thosewimo are not readyto enterchmssA, for winds time work heredoneis comisideredia suflicientpreparatiomi.

French: Class A.

(Gomirse (sninor) for cc firsl yecer).

To enter timis courseboth a written and an oral exanilnationmust bepassed. Candidriteswill be required to have a thorough knowledge ofGramamarfornis, especiallyof theirregularverbs,to imave readoneimundredduodecinmopagesof FremichProse,andto have translatedtw’enty-five pagesof Emighish exercisesinto French. Fororal exauiinationtheyarerequestedto ofibr time texts theyhave usedin preparation. The work herewill con-sist iii time followimig readings,all of which mmiust be takemi by studentswimoselecttime course.

1. Literary.Selcetiomesfrom Alfred de Musset,Thi6ophile Gautier,Edniond About,

AlphonseDaudet, and Francois Copp6e(O’Connor: Choir de C’omstesCbmmtemmsporaimms).Fidv6e: La Dot eleSuzette,(Masson: FremichClassics,Vol. V.). Victor lingo: hlernani, (TheatreFrangaisdaXIX Sihele).Tscicemueckly. Dir. TODD.

2. Historical.Cramieameel Bran: Tcrbleaoxdc la RicolatiomsFrancaise. G6rusez:La Lit-

tiratmereFra’mmfaisepenelamstla Bieolsmtion. Weekly.

3. Scientific.Flanimnarion: ]hfem’veiilesdsr Ciel. Weekly.

4. FrenchConiposition.Symitax,first hcm(f-yeom-; Idiomiis, secommclhalf-year. iVeekly.

o. Lectures. (Modern Literature).Bougeanit’sPricis historique et chronologiqacdc lee Littfrature Franfaise

will be usedastime basisfor twenty-umimiutelectdmresin comineetionwithtime Literary Course. Die. TODD.

Opportunityfor thoroughetraining in Frenchpronunciationandconver-satiomi will begiven, a specialclassnieeting for this purposeomie imour dailytlmroughonttheyear.

French: C lass B.

(Course(mncejom’)for a secondyear).

Openonly to timosewho imave pumsuedthefirst year’scourseor its equiv-alent.

1. ClassicalFrench.Corneihle: Cimeno., Le Memmteser; iRacimie: Anclrornaqume,Atholie; Moli~re:

Les FemssmesSava’mmtes,Les Fosmrheries de Sccmpin; Illonet: L’Eloquencede 1cr Chaire et de lee Tribunefm-anqaises. Weekly. Dx. TODD.

2. Sixteenth CenturyFrench.DaramesteteretHatzfeld: ilforeeceuxChoisis. Weekly,first haif-yeam-. DR.

Tonn.

3. Old French.Bartsch: Chrcstomnthiede lAncien Franfuis. Weekly, second half-year.

Din. TODD.

99

JOHNSHOPKINS

4. ProseComposition.GasesProseComposition,first half-year; Original Essays,second half-

year. Weekly.5. Lectures on Classical French Literature, firsl half-year, on

Early FrenchLiterature,secondhalf-year.Weekly. Die. TODD.

II. Special Courses in Italian and Spanish.

1. Italian. Dm TODD.(a) Literary Ooarse. Massimod’Azeglio: iYicoll de’ Lapi; Alfieri: Fil-

ippo; Goldoni: Gl’ Innamorati; Dante: Inferno. Weekly.(6) Historical Course. Machiavelli: Il Principe; Sonzogno’sStonedella

letterateraitaliana. Weekly.(c) Gramnearand Oooeposition. Weekly.

2. Spanish. Die. TODD.Selectionsfrom “FernanCaballero,”Jos6Selgas,Lafnente, Javier de

Bnrgos,JuanValera,Emilio Castelas. Knapp:SpanishGrammarassclReadings,firsthalf-year. Calderon: El ]lfdgico Pradigioso;Cervantes:Don QaUote; El Pocasadel Cid, secondhalf-year. Twice weekly.

III. Advanced Courses in Romance Philology.

The work in RomancePhilology for properly qualified studentsextendsthrough threeyears. It is intendedprimarily for GraduateStudentsandis specially adaptedto the training of teachersandspecialists. Studentswho enterfor thelater yearsof thecoursemustshowthat theyareacquaint-ed with the subjectspreviously studied, and thosewho begin thecoursemust showthat theyarefamiliar with Latin, ModernFrenchandGerman.

Mn. ELLIOTT will give thefollowing courses:

1. With first yeargraduatestudents.First Half-Year: (a) The readingof Old andMiddle French,

Old Proven~al,Italian, SpanishandPortuguesetexts.For the French,Bartsch’s Chrestonsathiedel’aacien Fran9aisand Dar-

mesteteret Hatzfeld’s]lfarceaax Choisiswill bcused,for Old Proven-gal, Bartsch’s~JhrestomathieProven9ale. IVeekly.

(b) Lectureson ModernFrenchPhonology.Weekly.

SecondHalf-Year: The continuationof Old FrenchandPro-ven9alwith theaddition of

(c) Introduction to Old FrenchPhilology.Ancas.sinet Nicolite (Suchier’sedition). Weekly.

(d) Wallachian.IVeekly.

2. With secondyeargraduatestudents.(a) Old French Seminary(two hours); Lectureson Compara-

tive RomanceMorphology and Langue d’Oil Dialects(original textsandpracticalexercises).Weekly,throagh the year.

(b) The History of RomanceStudiesin Europe.Weekly,first half-year.

3. With third yeargraduatestudents.The Seminarywork will centreherein theVie cle SaintAlexis,from whichthestudentwill passto astudy,for twohoursweek-ly during the year,of theearlyFranco-NormanDialectin itsrelationsto theAnglo-Normanandto theIle-de-Francespecies.

First Half-Year: The Italian and SpanishDialects a.nd OldFrenchSyntax.An important featureof theformerof thesecourses,will be theread-

ing of original textsand thetracingof their phoneticand morpho-logical relationsto the Classic and Low Latin andto theleadingliterary typesof to-day. For theSyntax, Old Frenchis madethebasis of work simply to havea convenientpoint of departurewithwhich studentshave becomemore or less familiar in thefirst tworearsof their university training. Constantcomparisonis keptupfrom thebeginningof thecoursewith Latin word-relationandthatof the earlier stagesof the other leading RomanceLanguages.Weekly.

SecondHalf-Year: RomancePaheographyandLow Latin.The first courseherewill be carriedout with fac-similesof French,

Italian and SpanishMSS. thesecondwill alsoconsistin theread-ing of textsas given in PaulMayer’sRecacildancienstextesbas latias,acritical examinationof a part of theProbiappendix,aspublishedin the samework, and of theReichenanGlosses,asgivenin FdrsterandKoschwitz’ Altfra’azdsischestJbangsbach. Weekly.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1884-85.

Greek.

Under the direction of ProfessorGildersleevethe advancedstudentsof Greek have beenorganizedinto a Greek Seminary.According to theplan of theseminary,thework of each year isconcentratedon someleading authoror somespecia.l departmentof literature. During the past year the work hasbeenin theAttic Orators.

In the seminaryproper,which met twice a week during the academiayear,theoratorschiefly stodiedwere Antiphon,Andokides,Lysias, Isaios,and Demosthenes. Especial attention was paid to the developmentoflanguageandstyle and to the antiquecanonsof aestheticcriticism. Thememberswererequiredto furnishin turn exegcticalandcritical commenta-ries on selectportions of the orators, to make analysesof speechesandabstractsof rhetoricaltreatises.

Of the investigationscarried on may be noted: The phraseologyandsyntaxof the fifth oration of Antiphon, the style of Andokides’third ascomparedwith thefirst and second orations,Thrasymachosof Kalchedon,comparativestudyof the Trapezitikosand Aiginetikos of Jsokrates,syno-nymsin theorators,theuseof the participlein Greeklyric poetry,on thelanguageof the oraclesespeciallyin ilerodotos, special studiesin thevocabularyof Dionysios.

The work of the seminary was supplementedby the study,with critical exercises,.underthe guidance.of theDirector,of therhetoricalworks of Dionvsiosof Halikarnassos,and by a courseof lectureson theHistory of GreekOratory.

Besides the seminary course proper, ProfessorGildersleevedelivered twenty-three lectures on Greek Syntax, conductedtwenty-twoexercisesin translatingat dictation from GreekintoEnglish and English into Greek, and gavea course of twentylectureson Lyrjc Poetry. He also conducteda seriesof sixteenconferencesin Greek Grammarfor undergraduates.

Mr. Harris conductedclasscoursesin New TestamentGreek(threetimes weekly, first half-year,and five times weekly,secondhalf-year),and in Sub-Apostolic Literature (three times weeklythroughtheyear); and gavea courseof eight public lecturesonthePerpetuationof Ancient Manuscripts.

Classeswere conductedby Dr. Emersonin ClassicalArchee-ology (weekly through the year),in the Attic Judicial System(weekly, secondhalf-year), and in the History of Ancient Art(twice weekly, secondhalf-year).

Additional courseswereconductedby:

ProfessorC. D. Morris, in

Plato, Gorgias,four timesweekly,first half-yeas.Aeschylus, Pensac; Euripides, Iphigenia in Taunis, thsee timesweekly,

secondhalf-year.Readingatsight.

Dr. Spieker,in

Isoerates,r, Iv; Xenophon,Hiero, four timesweekly,first half-year.

100 [No. 40.

JULY, 1885.1 UNIVERSITYCIROULAJi!S.

Homer, Iliod, xvr—xvii; Euripides,herculesFurens,four timesweekly,secondhalf-year.

Classesin Greek ProseCompositionwere alsoconductedby eachof theinstructorsin connectionwith thecoursesabovenamed.

Studentshave privately read for examination the followingbooks:

Herodotus,Jlferry’s Selections,(6).Homer, Odyssey,xxi—xxrv, (6).Xenophon,Qecanarnicas,(7).Plutarch,Themistacles,Cicero, (6).

Latin.

The Latin Seminary,underthe directionof iDr. Warren,heldtwo sessionsa weekthroughouttheyear,theauthorsforming thecentreof work beingtheRoman Satirists,especiallyHoraceandJuvenal.

Someof theFragmentsof Lucilius werereadand discussed,selectSatiresof Horaceand Juvenalwereinterpretedby themembersof theSeminary,in turn, and paperswere readby them embodying the results of specialstudies. Among thesubjectsthustreatedwereJuvenal’suseof thegerundandgerundive; wordsborrowedfrom theGreekusedby Horaceand Juve-nal; theuseof theconjunctioncam in Juvenal;theconditionalsentenceinJuvenal; thesermofarniliarisasseenin Lucihius, Horace,Persius,Juvenal,and Petronius; the use of certainsuffixes in Plautus,Terence,Lucilius,Horace,Persius,andJuvenal; thefuture activeparticiple in Juvenal; theposition of adjectiveswith respectto their substantivesin Horace; theso-calledSulpiciaeSatira; the useof the preposition de in Juvenal; thedifferencesexistingbetweenthe Satiresand otherworks of Horace; somepeculiaritiesof the HoratianHexameterbaseduponstatisticscollectedbymembersof theSeminary.

In connection with the Seminarywork, Dr. Warren gaveacourseof weekly lecturesduring thefirst halfof the year on theRoman Satirists. In the latter half of the year Dr. Warrenconductedaweekly courseof PracticalExercisesin Latin.

Additional courseshavebeenconductedduringtheyearby:

Dr. Warren, inPlautus,]lfostellaria, and Tereuce,Audria, three timesweekly,first half-

year.Tacitus,Agricola, Germania,Annals, I, threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.Readingat sight,weekly,throughoatthe year.

ProfessorC. D. Morris, inCicero, de OratoreI, TascidanDispatationsi, three timesweekly,first half-

year.CatullusandMartial, SelectPoems,threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.Readingatsight, seeckly,throughoutthe year.

Dr. Spieker,inLivy, II, In, four timesweekly,first half-year.Horace,SelectOdes,Satires,andEpistles,fourtimesweekly,secondhal/year.

Classesin Latin ProseComposition,meetingweekly, werealsoconductedby eachof theinstructorsin connectionwith thecoursesabove named.

Studentshave privately read for examination the followingbooks:

Cusar,Beilane Civile, (9).Cicero,deSenectute,(1); deAmicitia, (9) ; TascalanDispatations,ii, (2)

Orator, (2).Horace,L~odes, C’arnsenSaecalare,(12).Livy, v, vi, (1).Ovid, Fasti, I, I~ (12) ; Selections,(1).Plautus,C’aptivi, (3).Pliny, SelectLetters, (2).Tacitus,Agricola, Germama,(1) ; Histories,I, (1) ; Annals, iii, iv, (6),

iv, v, (1).Terence,Phormia, (3).

Shemitic Languages.

Thework.of thepastyearwasessentiallya continuationof thecoursesbegunduring the session 1883—84. For beginnerstheonly coursegivenwasin elementaryHebrew. The coursein theelementsof Biblical Aramaeanpresupposedathoroughknowledgeof Hebrew. The Shemiticstudiesagaincentredin theOld Testa-ment on which at first five, and later four, lecturesa weekweregiven.

In theHebrewcoursefor beginnersthe essentialelementsof thegrammarwere acquired(after Gesenius-Kautzsch’sHebrewGrammar,translatedbyE. C. Mitchell) and thenthereadingof the Pentateuchwasenteredupon.

In theHebrewExercisesaboutforty chaptersfrom thehistoricalbooksofthe Old Testamentwere readat 5i~ht: Exodus, 16; Genesis,11 and 12;Jonah,land3; Job,1 and 2; Exodus,3 and 4; Judges,19 and 20; 2Samuel,11; Numbers,22; Judges,11; 1 Kings, 17; Exodus,31 and 32~2 Kings, 19—21; Deuteronomy,34, and Joshua,1—2; Nehemiab,1 and 2;Jeremiah,37 and38; 1 Samuel,13; 1 Kings, 12 and13; 1 Chronicles,10,and 1 Samuel,31, and 2 Samuel,1; 2 Samuel,12; Judges,6; Ruth, 1 and2; 1 Kings, 1 and 2; Nehemiab,8 and 9.

In the &itical Interpretation of SelectedPsalms,Psalms23 and 1, andespeciallythe fifteen post-exilic so-calledSongsof degrees(Ps., 120—134)Hebrew Shin hamnnsa’ai6th,i. e., theSongsof the Return (from exile) werethoroughly explained and critically analyzed,with special attention totextual criticism, date of authorship,and constant comparisonwith theancient versionsof thePsalter.

In thecoursein theElementsof BiblicalAramacantheformswerestudiedafter the paradigm-tablesin Il3aer andDelitzsch’sedition of Libri Danielis,EsracetNehemiae(Leipzig, 1882)andthefirstchaptersof thebookof Danielread. This coursewas especiallyintended as a preparationfor thestudyof Syriac.

In Arabic there was readthe anecdoteof a man of Baghdhdand hisslavegirl fromtheKitdbtazyin el-aswdq(Kosegarten’sC’hrestomathiaArabica,p. 22; Petermann, Bresislinguae Arabicac gramsnatica,p. 33; ef. Lane,TheThousandand One Nights,Vol. III, p. 524), and then,extractsfrom theTravels of Ibn Batfltah in the first volume of the Beyrut Arabic Chres-tomathy iiqidniel-adab (Beyrut, 1583, Imprimerie Catholique): No. 302,The sheikh Abdallak and the elephants; No. 309, The wagonsin theCrimean (Qlfjaq) Steppes;No. 313, Iba Batfmtahfsjourney to the city ofBolgary; No. 344, Ermineamid Sable; No. 320, Meteorites,and finally No.314, Iba Batfitabs journey to China and his suffering in captivity. Inadditionthe classmet two hoursweekly to readeasyArabictexts at sight,under the guidanceof Dr. A. L. Frothiugham,Fellow in ShemiticLan-guages;selectionsfrom theChroniclesofAbulfaraj,Fables,Anecdotes,etc.,wereread.

In Ethiopic the whole book of Baruch in Dillmann’s OhrestomathiaAethiopicawasexplained. This wasprecededby a seriesof lectureson thegrammarof theGeezlanguage.

In Assyniana courseof lectureswas first givenon ComparativeAssyrianGrammar,afterwhich thin cuneiformaccountof the campaignagainsttheArabiansin theAnnals of King Sardanapahus(B. C. 668—626) wasstudied.Thiswasreadandexplainedfrom beginning to end (VR. 7, 82—10, 5).

In Suasero-Akkaelianthe SyllabariesandVocabulariesin thefirst part ofHauptsKeilschrlfttextewerefinished,besidestheAkkadian IncantationNo.9and the SumerianPemsitentialPsalmsNo. 14 in Haupt’s Texts,andfinallytheSumero-AkkadianFamily Laws (V R., 24).

All the courseswereonehour a weekthroughthe yearwith theexcep-tion of ElementaryHebrew,Ethsiopic, andAssyrian, to which in turn twohoursa weekweredevoted.

Sanskrit and Comparative Grammar of the CognateLanguages.

During the sessionthe following courseswere conductedbyDr. Bloomfield:

1. EleamentarySanskrit. Themost essentialelementsof the grammaroftheclassicallanguagewereacquiredin asshiurt a timne aspossible,andthenthestudentswerebroughtfaceto facewith thelanguage,learningits struc-

JOHNShOPKINS

tureandlaws, not in theabstract,but in its living body. Thiscourseservedespecially,aswasfoundby practicalexperience,to furnishthestndentswitha knowledgeof grammaticalanalysis,clearerand more exactthan thatwhich theybring with them from other philological pursuits. This is duepartly to theunrivalledtransparenceof thestructnreof the laugnage,andpartly to thetradition which haskeptalive a close bond betweenSanskritandComparativeand Historical Grammar. Five books of the iVele andabouta dozen selectionsfrom the lli~opode9a (both in Lanman’sReader),werereadand thoroughlyanalyzed.

2. A second classin Sanskrit was conductedthrougha rapid courseofreadin~in theHitopacleqa andKotheisarit.s&gara.

3. The advancedclassin VedicSanskritbeganwith a short coursein theBrdhmanas,restrictingthemselvesto the characteristicselectionsin Lan-man’sReader,which werethoroughlyanalyzed. The bulk of theyearwasdevotedto an introductioninto theultra-literature,and therelation of theshtras to the hymns of the sasi’elsitds. Selectionsfrom Aqval&yana’s grhya-siltras, including the hymns cited in them,were read, and their bearingupon Indian life and literaturein generalwas discussed. A seriesof selec-tions from thelaw book of ]iionse closedthework ofthe year.

4. A coursein the generalprinciplesof GomparativePhilology was carriedon throughouttheyear. It wasintroducedby twelve lectureson thelead-ing questionsof Judo-EuropeanComparativeGrammar (phonetic law andanalogy,agglutination, the questions ottach’mg themselvesto the relotionshipsoflanguages,etc.). During the remainderof the year ProfessorWhitney’s“Languageand the Studyof Language”was madethebasisof instruction,but thiswasconstantlysupplementedby lectures,which aimedto advancethe subjectstreatedin thebook up to thepresentday.

5. A coursein C’omparative Grasmnarof Greek. This was devotedespe-cially to a detailed exposition of the latest theories on Iado-Earopeanvocalisas,and to a practical applicationof them to thebody of the Greeklanguage. Incidentallyotherimportant chaptersof GreekGrammar,espe-cially the guttural series of consonants, and questionson accentuation,weretreated. The mostimportantphenomenain thevocalism of the principalrelatedlanguages,Latin, Gothic,andSanskrit,werealsopresented.

German.

Dr. Wood conductedthe following advancedcourses:

Gothic. Twice sveekly, first half-year. The selectionsfrom Ulfilas inI3raune’sgrammarwerereadandexplained. A historicalandcriticalintroduction to the study was given, togetherwith four lecturesonthehistory of theGothicdeclensions,andfour on Gothicsyntax.

Old High German. IVeehly, first half-year, tsrice weekly, second half-year. The following partsof Braune’sReaderwereread Nos.4, 5,9, 16 (Tatian), 17 (The StrassburgOaths),28(ilildebrandslied),29,30 (Muspilli), 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, and part of 32 (Otfrid).Sevenlectureswere given on the high GermanMutation of Con-sonants.

Middle High German. Weekly, throagh the year. Paul’s Grammar(secondedition)was used. Selections(abouthalf) from Waltervonder Vogelweide(Wilmana’s secondedition),and onethird of Hart-mann’s Iwein (ad. Benecke-Lachmann)were read. Four lecturesweregivenon Middle High GermanMetre.

GermanComparativeGrammar. (Lectures). IVeekly,secoadhalf year.

The undergraduateclasseswere conductedby Dr. Wood andMr. ilempi, as follows

Major Course:GermanLiterature. Lectures. TVeekly. Dx. WOOD.

Goethe: Ilerneann and Dorothea; Faust I. Twice seeckly. Mx. HEMPL.

SelectedReadings. Masius: LesebachIII. Weekly. Dx. WOOD.

ProseComposition. lVeehly. Dx. Woou.Exercisesin GermanStyle. Monthly. Dx. Woou.

Miuor Course:Lessing: ]Jfinna von Barnhelm;Prosa. Goethe:Prosa.. (]iro Sections).

Twice sueckly. Ma. IIEMPI.

Selected Readings. Oltrogge; LesebackJL (Two sections). Twiceweekly. Dx. WOOD andMx. HEMPL.

ProseComposition. Weekly. Mu. HEMPL.

OralPractice. Weekly. Dx. WOOD.

A class in Germanconversationwas conductedby Dr. Gerberdaily,through the year.

SupplementaryClasses:First Section: Brandt’s Grammar,Dentsch’sReader. Schiller: Lied

vondcv Gloche (ed. Otis). Threetimesseeckly. Mx. HEMPL.

Second Section:Otis: ElementaryGerman. Ludwio: SchlossIlicimbiery.Fire timesfortaightig. Mx. HEMPL.

English.

Advancedcourseswereconductedas follows:Anglo-Saxon: B6owulf. lVeekly. Dx. Woon. Sevenlectureson Ger-

manicMythology weregivenwith this course.Anglo -SaxonGrammar. Lectures. Twicesceehly,daring March, April,

and May. Dx. J.W. Bxranr.

Additional classes,including the first andsecondyear’scoursesfor undergraduateswereconductedas follows

The minor (first year’s) coursewasdirectedby Dr. Browne. The firsthalf-yearof this coursewasdevotedto theElizabethanwriters. Theworld included a studyof the period and its influences,the prose-writers, lyrists, audiallegoricalwriters, andtheriseanddevelopmentof the drmna. Shakespeare’sJulius C’cvsar (Clark and Wright’s edi-tion) was carefully studiedas class-worlr. The later Elizabethandramawas illustrated by Webster’sDuchessof ]lfalfy, and Fletcher’sRule a lVlfe. Abbott’s ShakespearianGrasunsarwas recommendedfor

)loyed in thestudyof four-reference. Thesecondhalf-yearwasemjteenthcenturyliterature. Textsstudiedin classwereChaucer,NonnePrestesZible (ed. Morris) and Langland, Piers the Plosnnan, Passus1—3, 5—6 (Skeat’sedition),andtheperiodwasfurtherillustratedfromWyclif, thepseudo-Chaucer,andPiercethe Ptowghmare’sGrede.

Themajor (secondyear’s) courseincluded instructionin Anglo-Saxonwith Mr. C. B. Wright, twice weekly, through the year; Sievers’Granunatik,Sweet’sReader,andCynewuif’s Elene (ed. Zupitza)wereusedas text-books. Mr. A. B. Eg~ealsoconducteda classin EarlyEnglish, twiceweekly, through the year; Skeat’sTale of Gamnelyn,ann Morris’s Specimemssof Early English,Part i; werereach.

Time work in English donein tIme P. II. B. course(requiredof all un-dergraduates)was conductedby Dr. Browne andwas directedwiththeviewof giving time matriculatesasoundgeneralconceptionof thewhole lmodv of Englishliteraturefrom time earliesttimesdownto timepresentcentury. Nomanualwasused,time studentsbeingbroughtintocontactwith time original texts, exceptin tIme caseof writers earlierthantime fourteenth century,wlmere time examplesselectedfor illus-tration were amodernizedby the instructor. The classreadaloud,under the instructor’s guidance,Chmaucer’s Prologeec and KnightesTale (Morris’s edition), and Simakespeare’shamlet. The groundcoveredby thecourseextendedfrom Biomvwlfto Burke.

Coursesof public lecturesweregivenon:English Poetryand on time PoetGray, by Mr. EdmundGosse. (8).Slumkespeare,by ProfessorHiram Carson. (20).Phonetics,by Mr. A. Melville Bell. (7).ShakespeareBibliograpimy, etc.,by Mr. JustinWinsor. (2).Sbakespeare(Readings),by Mr. D. C. Bell. (2).

A ShaldespeareCircle was formued under the generalguidanceof Dr.Browneand 1)r. Wood, and held several commferencestlmroughm time session.

Romance Languages.

Advancedcourseswereconductedas follows:The RomanceSeminary,underthediPectionof Mr. Elliott. Twohours

a weekthroaghtheyear.The work xs’as concermtrmmtedon three of the earliest Old French

Mommumnents,naumely, tlme (Jamstihine de Sainte Ewlai’ie, FragmentdeI7aleaciemsesamid part of the Passiomsda Ghrist. Thie exmmminationof

these texts was on M~. fac-similes and boseupon both matterand

[No. 40.

JULY, 1885.] UNIVERSITYCJJ?CULAPS.

form. Their mixed dialectcharacter,their phonologicaland mor-phological relationsto the Classic and Low Latin, to the oldestproductsof the other RomanceLangr~ges,to thelater Old FrenchDocumentsan(i to the Modern French Language,formed the bulkof material with which the Seminarywas occupied. In connectionwith the Enlalia Hymn, considerabletime was spentin a study ofthe Latin Seqnentiaof the Middle Ages andof their relationto theliterary forms that precededand followed them. This conrsewasfollowed by the most advancedstudentsonly. In addition to it aSeminarymeetingwasheld onceaweekin which all specialstudentsof this departmenttook part. The,subjectsherediscussedwereof am~oregeneralnature,andsuch as might fitly claim theattentionoffirst year men,who thushad thebenefitof direct and active associa-tionwith their moreexperiencedco-workersin the field.

Introductionto Old FrenchPhilology. AuressiaCt Nicolite wascriti-callystudiedwith special referenceto its phonologyandmorphologyascomparedwith the Classic Latin, on the one hand,andwith theModern French,on the other. The leading characteristicformsofthe dialect here representedwere constantlycontrastedwith cor-respondingonesin theIle-de-Francespecies. Weeklythrough theyear.

Wallachian—The whole of Cionca’s PractischeGrammatikdec rmscui—iseheaSpracliewas worked through and short poetical extractsreadfrom Alexandri, Alesandresc~~,Mnresianu and Sioun. Weekly,second half-rear.

Lectures:—(a) OntheLanguedOll I)iahects. TheobjectoPthis coursewas to give the leading characteristics~f the chief dialect groupsthat constitutetheNorth French. The systemfollowed in carryingout this ideawas,first, to put before the student,in short lectures,the distinguishing traits of each dialect, and,then, to follow thesewith selectionsof textswhichweretranslatedand their dialectpecu-liarities pointedout by thestudenthimself.

(b) The history of RomanceStudiesin Europe. The history of thevarious theories with referenceto the origin and growth of theRomanceLanguageswas succinctlygiven, the productionsof indi-vidual scholarsthat have worldecl in the field were characterized,and thechiefworks, monographs,and articles of thosenow engagedin Romancestudieswerenoted,and critica.l remarksmadeon theirgeneralbearingandworth for the subjectswhich theytreat. Thiscoursewas intendedto put the studentabreastof the presentscien-tific productionin this field. Weekly.

(c) ComparativeRomancePhonology. Here anattemptwas madetogrouptogetherthe general laws bearingupon the same subjectinRomancePhonetics,to note theaction of hike tendenciesto law indifferentmembersof the groupand to classify the more importantdifferencesof phoneticdevelopmentaccordingto their genetic rela-tions. lVeekly.

(d) ModernFrenchPhonetics. This course,togetherwith theIntro-duction to Old French Philology, as given above,was intendledi forfirst yearstudentswho wishedto becomespecialistsin theRomanceLanguages. The studentwas heidi Isere to modiernformsexclusivelyandtaughtto makeuseof scientific methods. Weekly.

(e) ‘The Ilistory of the Past Participle in French. ThreeLectures.Theselectureswere givento call the special attentionof first yearstudentsto modifications in the treatmentof this importantgram-mar category,asproposedby certainmoderngrammarians.

Theundergraduatecourseswere asfollows:

The studentsof theFrenchMajor Coursehave rea.dwith Dr. Todd —InBartsch’sChrestomathie,theselectionsfrom Lesplus arenasmonuments,

St. Alexis,AmisetAmiles,BestiairedIe PhilippeeleThoila,JlfystiredAdamn,Tristrmi, Romandie Boa, Coatesdci Grad, Sermonde Saint Bernard,Romande Renart,Romandie la Rose, Villehardouja, Proissart, Philippede Gomines,Perceforest;andthewholeof theOxford text of the (JhansondeRoland.

Dr. Todd has alsogiven, in this course,seven lectureson the FrenchLiteratureof theMiddle Ages.

The studentsof the FrenchMinor Course have readwith Dr. ToddLe Voyagsautosa dema Ohambreby Xavier de Maistre, Les Jioneazcs

die iIldtei Gorneilie by EdmundAbout, Les ]lfisaventnresd’un EcolierbyTdpffer, I.e Bdirbier die Sidille audI the Lettre critique sur le Barbie,- deSiiille by Peaumarelmis,andilernani by Victor lIngo. Twenty-iisinntetalks on FrenchLiteratureupon thebasisof SaintsburysPrimer havebeangivenin connectionwithin theabove readings;JWTithi Mr. Bowenthey have read 110 pp. of Montesquien,Grandeur et Dicadence dies

Remains,75 pp. of Masson,French Classics, Vol. VII., (Memoirsof 17thCentury) 100 pp. of Milne-Edwards,Pricis d’1’Iistoire Natarelle, and inconnectionwith this, st~~died150pp. of Breymaun’sTi-eachGrammarWith Mr. Fontainetheyhave studiedand preparedwritten exerciseson thewholeof Part I. and fifty thhnesof PartII. in Chardenal’sExer-cisesfor AdivancediPupils.

Mr. Fontainehasmet thestudentsof theMinor Coursefive timesweeklyfor Frenchconversationwith systematicinstruction anddrill in pronuncia-tion.

Dr. Toddlinus conductedspecial coursesin Italian, Spanish,Catahan,OldProvenqal,Modern Provenqal,and Portuguese: The classin Italianhave readithefollowing authors. Goldloni: Gi’ Iunamnorati; Mauzoni:I ProasessiSposi (onehundredpages); Machiavelli: Istorie Fiorentine(secondlbook) selectionsfrom Leopardli; anda shortStoria della Let-teratardm Italiana. Exercisesin grammarhavebeengiventwiceweeklyin connectionwithin theabove.

The classin Spanishhavereadthefollowing: Knapp’sSpanishReadings(one idundired and fifty pages) El Bar6nietro (comedia) Don Qmmijote(ten chapters); and 1200 versesof thePoemadel Cid (XII Century).Exercisesin grammuarhaye been given twice weekly.

In CatalantheGionacaof Ramon Muntaner,Chmptersvi. to xxvii. (Car-diomina’s Dell’ AnticdmLetterataraC’dmtoldm.na), wasread.

In Old Provenqalwere readthePohnesacBoice; selectionsfrom Girortde Rossilho,from the poetryof Marcabrun,Bernartde Ventadorn,andPeired’Alvernhe; and all the proseof Bartinch’s Chinrestomathie. InModern Provenqal,three cantos of Mistral’s hum-howere criticallystudied.

Time classin Portuguesehave readthreecantosof Camoens’Lusiads,andnumerousselectionsfrom Braga’s Antologia Pom-tuysmeia,coveriming timemostancientperiodof tine language.

Ten public lectures on Romance Literature were given in HopkinsHall. Three of theseby Dr. IL A. Todd, on Cbnteinuspom-am-ySpanishLiterntame, embraced: I, ContemportmryPoetry in Spain; II, TimeModern SpanishNovel; III, The Orators and Drama of ModernSpain. Seven leetminres, by Associate ProfessdmrElliott, on Gaminioens,covered: I, II, Sketch of Portuguese History to the Death ofCamoans; III, Life of Camoens; IV, Minor Works of Camoens;V, VI, Thine Lininsiads; VII, Camoensat Home and Abroad in theNineteenth Century.

Twopublic courseson FrenchLiterature, includling twenty-five lecturesandreadings(in French)weregivenby M. Rabillon.

The JOHNs HOPKINS PHILOLOGICAL ASSOcIATION hasmetmonthly as heretofore. Papershavebeenreadduringthe sessionby:

C. ADLER. — On the Etynmology of Elixir; Note on the Catalogueof the Books of the Bible in the MS. of the “Teachiniug of the TwelveApostles.”

NY. M. APxoI~T—OnsomeOraclesin Herodotus.hi. BLoormrrxLD. — Two Etymological Notes; the probable Sanskrit

EquivalemintoftheGreekparticlehp, ila; on a New Groupof Vedic Words,belongingto therootpin-ag.

J. M. Bnroirr.—Somneaccountof King Alfin-ed’s Anglo-SaxonVersionoftheDc CbnsolationePhilosophiacof Boethinius.

A. M. ELLIOTT—On a Pimilologicah Expeditionto Canada.A. Evxasox.—OnPetrarca’sRelationsto sheVininiversities of hinis time.A. L. FxoTIuxuuArr.—OntheMeaningof Banhini andAshtarothin the

Old Testament.W. P. GArmcs.—SosneNoteson Shine Planeand Cynewuif.

.ifOIINS JIOPIUNS

B. L. GILDEPSLEEVE.—OnWeil’s viewof theorigin of theword “Poet”;on the Final Sentencein Classic Greek I~rose; Reportand Criticism ofWeher’sEotwickeiinsgsyeschickteder Absiehtssdtze.

J. R. Hv~pr~ The WesternReadingsof the New Testament;on theCodexMartinianusof the NewTestament.

P. HA7LTPT.—On a EucharisticSermonby JohnChrysostompreservedinEthiopic.

A. H. I-Iuizix~x.—The Lessonsof thePeloponnesianWar as developedin theSpeechesof Thucydides.

Mi. D. LEALNED.—ThO EnglishElementin PennsylvaniaGerman.C. D. Monnis—Someaccountof Beloch’s Speculationson the Financial

History of Athens.

E. M. PEAsE—Onthe RelativeValue of theMSS. of Terencecollatedby Umpfcnba&b.

E. 11. SPIEKEx—Onthe Dialectsof North Germany.M. TAn1-u~~.— On the Etymology of hybrid; on someold glosses in

CodexSangallensis912.II. WOOD—Onthe Persistenceof Alliteration in English.

The fifth volume of the AINIERIcAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

hasbeencompletedduring the year,and thefirst numberof thesixth volume hasbeenissued.

HISTORY AND POLITICS.

PROGRAMME FOR 1885-86.

I. Graduate and Advanced Courses.

1. Seminaryof History and Politics.

Only graduatestudentswho havesatisfied thedirectorof theSeminary,Dr. H. B. Adams,that they are competentto pursuespecialstudies in History and Politics areadmitted to full mem-bershipof theSeminary. This is aselectbody of instructorsandadvancedstudentspursuingoriginal investigationsin thefield ofAmericanInstitutionsand Economicsuponacohperativeplan.

During thecomingyearattentionwill becentereduponthe adminis-trative institutionsof theUnitedStates. The variousdepartmentsof thefederalgovernmentwill beconsideredhistoricallyand practi-cally by theinstructorsand othermembersof the Seminary. Theexercisesarc heldin thehistoricalrOoms of theLibraryon Fridayevenings,from eight to ten o’clock.

2. Historical and Political ScienceAssociation.Oncea montha public meetingof the Seminarywill be heldfor the

presentationof papersand abstractsof original work which areofmore general interest than arc the exercisesof the Seminary.Occasionallylecturesupon themeskindred to Seminarywork willbe given to the Associationby specialistsfrom otheruniversitiesandby representativesof certaindepartmentsof theUnited StatesGovernment.

3. History of Politics.Two hours weeklythrough the year, by Dx. H. B. AiDx2rs.A continuationof thesubjectdescribedunderthe“Work of thePast

Year,” seep. 105. Durin~ each of thethreeyearsin thegraduatecurriculumof thisdepartment,it is intendedthat thereshall beonerepresentativecourseof lecturesin Ancient anti one in ModernPolitics, and that History shall lie studiedchiefly in its bearingsupon Institutions of Governmentand the development of theModern State. During thecoming year attentionwill directed,inone course,to Roman Institutions and, in the othdr, to ModernEuropeanPolitics, particuh~irlv since tIme French Revolution. Inadidhition t.o the regularlectures,occasionaloral anti written exami-nationswill be requiredupon branchesof generalhistory, whichmust be studiedi in private readingsaudi, if necessary,in theclasscourseselsewheredescribed.

4. AdvancedPolitical Economy.Two hearsweeklythrough the year with Dx. R. T. ELy.This courseopenswith a discussionof thefundamentalprinciplesof

thescienceandis speciallydevotedto practical economicproblems,suchas the TariW Coi5peration,Joint-stockAssociationsand other

forms of Partnership,Strikes, Immigratlon, Wages, etc. Thecourserequiressuch previous acquaintancewith the elementsaudi

history of Political Economyasthat afforded in theuntlergratluateclassesof this tiepartmeut. Original investigationis not encourageduntil therequisitepreliminarywork has been testetl by oral andwritten exaniinations.

5. ComparativeStutlics in Administration.Onceweeklythrough the year, by Dx. R. T. ELY.Lecturesoii methodsof administrationin Franceanti Germany,with

a view to theencouragementofadministrativestudiesin theUnitedStates.

Arrangementshave been madeby the teachersof ModernLanguages,French,German,and Italian, for coursesof historicalreadings. French and German are requised of all graduatestutlentsin History antI Politics for theproperprosecutionof theiradvancedwork. Lecturesin the History of Educationaregivenby ProfessorG. StanleyHall.

II. Undergraduate Courses.

History.

First Year.

1. ClassicalCoursein History.Fire hours weekly,through the year, with the ismstruetorsire classics.This course redluires: (1) thereadingof selectportionsof Livy and

Tacitus in the Latin texts ; (2) the reading of Herotlotus andThmucydhidles in English traushations; (3) anhistoricalexaminationupon tIme entiresubjectmatter containedin theseauthors.

SecondYear.

2. Modern Course in History.Fire hoetrs weekly, through the yettr with Dx. H. B. ADAMs, either] by ems

associateiostruetor.A class course in European Ihistory, beginning with thin Roman

Empireand theriseof Chm’istianity. Sl~ccial attentionis giventotheorigin of TeutonicStates,the Franhishand GermanEumpires,the Italian Republics,the rise of Natitmuahities, the RenaissanceandReiorrmmatiou,ModernAbsolutismandRevolutionsparticularlyin lIoll mud England,France,and Germany. Varying coursesofstut~y in ilmis modernfield areoffered in alternateyears.

Thetext booksemployedin the Modern course in History ire Ploetz’sEpitomeofUnversil lii tory, Stryce’shole hiomnin IKinpire, use Stude,st’sFriece,Gree,m’sShost Hiamomy of ihe EnglishPeople,with selectreithimigsfrom Gibboo,Milmuan,Sm mendsEankeMotley,etc. live historical essaysmd mmumereusoral reportsupon assumedtopicsare requiredof all undergraduatemembersof theclass.

[No. 40.

JULY, 1885.1 UNIVERSITY CI]?CULAES.

Politics.

First Year.

3. Political Economy and Modern Social Problcms.Five hours weeklythrough the ycor, with Dx. II. T. ELY.

The first half-yearis givento the elementsof Political Economyasdefinedin John Stnart Mill. The second half is devotedto a con-siderationof modernsocial problems,commnnism, socialism,therelationsofcapitalandlabor, tradesnnions,cobperation,etc. Essaysinvolving the study of a variety of authorsare required of eachmember of the class. The aim of the courseis to familiarize thestudentwith theprinciplesof Political Economy, themain resultsof economic research,and the historical developmentof modernsocial theories. Oral and written examinationsare frequentlyinstitutedthroughoutthecourse.

SecondYear.

4. InternationalLaw and Modern Constitutions.Fire hours weekly through the peerwith Dx. H. B. ADxars, aided by an

associateinstructor.

Two hoursa week throughoutthe year are given to a studyof theHistory and Elementsof Internatioual Law, and threehours aweek to theConstitutionalandAdministrative Law of Englandandthe United States. The textThooks employed are Bluutschli’s2ifoderae Voelherreeh.tder (‘ivilisirten Stooten, Bagelsot’s treatise onthe English Constitution,certainvolumes in the Euglish CitizenSeries,aud the writings of Cooley, von Holst, and other standardauthoritieson theConstitutionof theUnitedStates.

Library.

Thestudentshavefreeaccessto a specialcollectionof historicalbooks,numbering10,000bound volumes,and perhapsas manypamphletsand monographs. These are conveniently arraugedand indexed. The collection includesthe pri\Tate library of thelate Dr. l3luntschli, of Heidelberg,andmanyimportant volumeswhich have beenpurchasedby or presentedto the University.

Specialmentionmay also bemadeof thevaluablelil)raries of the

PeabodyInstitute andof theMarylandHistorical Society.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1884-85.

I. Seminary Work.

The Seminaryof history and Politics, underthe directionofDr. H. B. Adams,hasmet onceaweekduring tite pastacademicyear,eachsessionoccupyingtwo hours. Attention hasbeencon-fined to select topics of Ameiie in Institutional and EconomicHistory.

Amon~ the original papeis ~ cie the following Pullman, a SocialStudy, by It. T. Ely; The Hon d of Representatives,by WoodrowWilson; City (lovernm nt of B iltimore, by John C. Rose; CityGoverumentof Chicago,b~ P II Ilodder; Introductionto the Studyof theConstitutionaliiudl I olsOnil historyof theindlividual States,aseries of three papers,by J. F. Jameson; The Republic of Newhaven and its Colonies, a~ seriesof chapters,by C. H. Levermore;The history of AmericanPolitical Economy,in successivechapters,hy Woodrow Wilson and Davis H. Dewey; institutional and Eco-nomic History of Pennsylvania;a seriesof contributionsby XV. H.Holeomb,W. 13. Scaife,andT. K. Worthington; rrhiePuritanColony

Annapolis,by D. R. Randall.

II. Publications.

The secondvolume of Johns Hopkins University Studies inHistorical andPolitical Science,cditedby Dr. H. B. Adams,wascompletedin December,1884. Thevolumeembracestwelve nuni-bersandis devotedespeci~lly to “Institutions andEconomics.”

The first volume was confinedl to “Local Institutions.” Among themonographspublishedin thesecondlserieshy membersof the Semi-nary since the lastreport in the UniversityC’ircsdors (June,1884)areRudimentary Society among Boys, by John Johnson,Jr., A. B.Landi Lawsof Mining Districts, by C. IT. Shiun, A. B. ; Maryland’sInfluence upon Land Cessionsto the United States,by Dr. H. B.Adlams; Local Institutions of Virginia, by Edwardl Ingle, A. B.;Recent American Socialism,by Dr. 14. T. Ely; Local InstitutionsofMarylandl, by L. W. Wilhelm, Ph. D.

During thepastyearthreebooks have beenwrittenhy membersof theSeminai’y: (1) Icaria, a Study in AmericanCommunism,by AlbertShaw,Ph.D., published by G. P. Putnam’sSons,New York, 1884;(2) CongressionalGovernment.,a Study in American Politics, byWoodrow Wilson, Fellow in history, publishedby Houghton,Mifflin& Co., Boston,1885; (3) Mining Camps,a Study in AmericanFran-tier Government,by Charles Howard Shiun, A. B., published byCharlesScribnersSons,New York, 1883.

III. Class Courses.

Dr. H. B. Adamshasconductedaclasscoursefor graduatesintheHistory of Politics, threehoursaweekthroughtheyear.

The courseconsistediof (I) lecturesby Dr. Adamsupon Greeld,Roman,and Medireval Theoriesof Politics, supplementedlby studlent-reportson Modern Political Theories; (2) oral examinationsupon Greek

l)ohitids, historically consideredi; (3) lecturesupon Modern EuropeanPolitics, supplementedlby the expositionof Bluntschli’s Lehre vein

JifocleruenStat.

To undergraduatesDr. Adamshasgiventhe following coursesof instruction

1. Fifteen introductory lectureson Ante-ClassicHistory, with Keary’sDawn of Ihistoryand Clofid’s Childhoodof Religionsfor text-boolds.

2. Two hoursa weekthroughtheyearon Churchhistory in its relationsto the Romassand German Empires, followed by lectureson theItalian Renaissance.The text-booksensployedwerePloetz’sEpitomeof Medhevalhistory andBryce’sIIoly RomanEmpire,with requiredreadingsin Gibbon’s DeclineandFall of theRomanEmpire andMil-man’s Latin Christianity. Two historical assayswereredluiredfromeachmemberof theclass.

3. Two hoursa weekthroughthe yearon the history and ElementsofInternational Law, a courseconsisting of lectures,the expositionof Biuntschsli’5 ]llodieroe Voelherrecht dier C’ivilisirtea Stoxiten, andreports by membersof the classupon international topics. Thiscourse,with Dr. Jameson’sthreehoursa weeld on the English andAmericanConstitdftions,constitutedthesecondyearin Politics.

Dr. H. T. Ely has given the following coursesto graduatestudents

1. Two lecturesa week on Finance and Taxation. This coursecom-

pu~sedanexpositionof the generalprinciples audi history of money,banking, audI finance, also the special subject of taxation in theCitiesaudI Statesof the AmericanUnion, audI a sketchof the finan-cial history of theUnitedl States. I~aperswerepreparedby membersof theclass,andl classdliscussionwas continusallyencouraged.

2. One lecturewas given each week throughoutthe first half-yearonthe principlesaudi historical growthsof Commerce. It is hsopedi thatthis course will lead to original investigationsin the 1-listory ofA mericanCommerce.

3. One lecture wecldly was given throughoutthe secondhalf-yearonasethodsof Administrationin England,Germany,and France. Thespecial subjectstreatedweretheorganizationof government,bureau-

JOHNSHOPKINS

cratic and self government,economicfunctionsof government,sani-tary legislation, poor laws, appointmentand tenureof office, etc.

To undergraduatestudents Dr. Ely gave a course of classinstruction, five hours a weekthroughthe year.

This comprisedthefirst year in the courseon Political Science. Thefirst term was devotedto the Elementsof Political Economy; thesecond,to the History of Political Economy. Essa.ysupon assignedtopicswererequiredfrom all memhersof theclass.

Dr. J. F. Janeesonhasconductedclasscoursesas follows:1. In PhysicalandhistoricalGeography(twentyexercises); in theHis-

tory of Greece(lowil to thetime of the Romanconquest,and in theHistory of Romeandof theRomanEmpiredownto thefifth centuryA. D., two hoursweekly throughtheyear. Thetext-hooksemployed

were Tozer’s Classical Geography,Fyffe’s Greece,and Leighton’sRome.

2. In the History of Franceand England,employingastext-hookstheStudent’sHistory of FranceandGreen’sShortHistory of theEnglishPeople. Threeessayswererequired. This course,threehoursweeklythroughthe year, was in connectionwith Dr. Adams’ class courseof two hoursa week on Church History, GermanEmpire, and theItalian Renaissance.

3. In thesecond year~s coursein Politics, devoting threehoursa weekto the Constitutionsof Englandand of theUnited States and usingfor that p rpose two volumes in the English Citizen Series,—Wal—polesElectorateandLegislatureandTraill’s CentralGovernment,—also Bagehiot’streatise on the English Constitution,and selectionsfrom the principal authoritiesupon the ConstitutionalDevelopmentof theUnited States.

PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGICS.

PROGRAMME FOR 1885-86.

I. Advanced Courses.

PuoFEssonG. STANLEY HALL will conduct the followingcourses: —

1. GeneralSys~ematiePsychology,— semi-weeklylecturesand‘weekly conferences,tlu’oEgh the year.

Theselectureswill beginwith the psycho-physicsof eachof the sensesand passto that of thecerebro-spinalnervecentres,including a generalsurveyof thefield of physiological-psychology.Thefield includessucktopicsascompoundreflex-actionandinstinctin animals,memory,asso-ciation of ideas,attention,volition, and aestheticand geucial feelingaudi emotion. The contributionsof psycho-andneuro-patliologyto thefinclerstandingof norma.l functionand histologyof the cerebro-spinalnervous systemwill receive specialattention. The psychohogyandpathologyof speechand writing will he illustrated. Much attentionwill alsobe givento thepsychicalpartsof anthropologyanditspresentproblems,methods,audi results,including recentstudieson theevolu-tion of thepsychicfacultiesin children audI therace. This will intro-duce the psychologyof national and other comprehensivesystemsofopinion audi thioughit audI, in short, thie endeavorwill be to give asbriefly as possible, with the many diemonstrations,experiments,andillustrationsinvolvedi in partsof thecourse,a brief surveyof thevastfieldi of modernscientific psychology,which, while leavingout nothingessentialin theoldI philosophicaldisciplines,vivifles them by bringingto them a new standipoint,a newmethod,and avast bodly of pregnantand experimentallydemonstratedfacts.

This courseis intendledi for specialstudentsof psychology,andi theyshouldhave at leastsuch anacquaintancewith elementaryLogic, Ethics, andPsychology,as maybe acquiredin the undergraduatecoursesof thisandothercollegiateinstitutions. Studentsof biology anti of medicinewhodesire to stutly thepsychic functionsof animals,audi especiallyofman,mayattendthis course. A limited numberof qualifiedstudentswill beencouragedto investigatecertainthemesin the roomsdevotedto psycho-physicalresearch,wheresuitableinstrumentsareprovided.The apparatusfor the study of dermal sensationand for fine chirono-graphicwork is quite complete. Arrangementshave beenmadebywhich theresultsof investigationsmaybepublishedin ihinsdl.

Dr. II. H. DoNALDsON, duringtIme first half-year,will ‘dAiver a courseoflectureson biological topicsof importanceto studentsof psycho-physics,ami iii connection with it will give practical lessonstwice a weekin thehistologyof the sensesand centralnervous systemin inca, with specialreferenceto recentlocalization studies.

2. Pedagogics,—aweeklylectso-e,ddfldl a weeklyconfe-ence,throughthe year,on theHistory of EducationalInstitutionsandTheories,—beginningwith theGreeks.

For an accountof the topicsof this course,see the sketchgivenbelowin thereportof tIme pastyear.

8. History of Philosophy,—twenty-fivelectiu-es.Time eariypart of this coursewill beparallelwith ProfessorGildersheeve’s

seminarycoursewhich is to be devotedthis yearto Plato. Thehatterpart of the coursewill bedevotedto the philosophersof the middleages,amidi to time modernwriters in England,France, audi Germany.Thus course is intemidiedi not only for special studentsof philosophyhut for stutlentsof literatureaudi history.

II. Course Required of all M~tdculated Students.

This coursewill comprisefive hoursperweekthroughouttheyear, and includes Logic, Ethics, and Psychology. A specialinstructor will be appointedfor this work, whichwill consist oflectures, recitations, themes,epitomes,etc. These subjectswillbe taken up in the following order.

1. Inductiveand DeductiveLogic.Text-hooks: Fowler,with referencesto Jevons,Mill, andWundt.

2. GenemalPsychology.

Text-books: Sully and Lotze’s Psychologyin selections,with refereneesto Porter,Ryland, and Carpemiter.

3. Ethics.Thus partof thecoursewill hetaught in part by lecturesandwill com-

prosesmich topicsasmentalandphysicalregimenandhiygiene,methodsandgenera.lendsof study, thie needsmtndl sanctionsof positive Imersonalconvictionsaudi purposesin the confitmet of thie understandingand oflife, mental self-hcnowledgeas opposedto self-cotmseiousness,and theutilization of indhividldmal experiencein self-education,social ethics,needof religioussentimentsfor thenmaturity andsanityof conscience,etc.

Books ef refereaci: Mammrire’s Social Korali~y, Grote’s Tmealiie omm limo illoral Ideals,wnmtke’s Jidotom-y of Ghrisliaa Ethics, Viaylaud’s Ztloral Philbioplmy, (Jilderwoocl’s ]tfom’elSciemmce.

4. In addition to theaboverequiredcourses,a seriesof lectureswill be givets by ProfessorHall, during the latter part of theyear intended to introduce the matriculated studciit to theadvancedstudy of philosophy.

[No. 40.

UNIVERSITYCLI?C([LA RS.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1884-85.

ProfessorG. StanleyHall lecturedtwice weekly through theyearon Psychology.

This coursewasin themain a continuationof thecoursebegunthe pre-viousyear,which wason thepsycho-physicsofthesenses. Thelecturesbeganby describing the recent methodsand results in the study ofinstinct. The topics of psycho-genesis,disordersof speech,illusions,thepsychologicalaspectsof insanity, localizationstudies~ spinalcordand brain, psycho-physictime and the time sense,apperceptionandwill, andpsychologicalanthropology,weretreatedwith charts,illustra-tions and literature.

Fourstudentswereengagedin original psycho-physicresearch,theresultsof which will bemadepublic in clue time.

Tw-o weekly conferenceswereheldby Dr. Hall duringthelast half-year,onedevotedto ethics andtheother to scientific topics in psychology.

Professorlilall lectured onceweeklythroughtheyear on Edu-cation. Thetopics consideredwere these:

Studentlife, and societiesami customsin themiddle aovs intioducedthehistory of theItalian, French,Englishand Germanumverutsc~theiroroanizationand legislation, coursesof study, &c. [hen followccl asketchof thedevelopmentof ~ and seconclar)St ~tewn(l pi ivateschools, their organization,relationto theState, cous~esof studs witha detailed accountof the work in a typical gymnaomm icil school,and Frenchand Englishschoolsof a similar grade. I iic ecln ationalideasof Comenius,Sturin,Locke, Montaigne,herder,Pestalozzi,Eons-

scan, Kant, Niemeyer, Schwartz, Graser, Schleiermacher,Iferbart,\~Taitz Beneke, and contemporarywriters were epitomized. Thedevelopmentof modernmethodsin a fewcardinalbranchesof commonschoolstudywasgivenwith manyillostrations. The history of Eug-

lish and Prussianschoollegislationwas outlined,and the unfoldmentandpresentconditionof industrial educationin thedifferentcountrieswas sketched. Classical,female,professionaleducation,were treatedhistorically, andthecourseconcludedwith anaccountof theinstitutionandphilosophicalidealsof educationin ancientGreece.

A courseof twelve lectureson educationaltopicswasgiven onSaturdnymorningsto a companyof aboutonehundredgraduatestudents. Lectures were given by President Gilnian, and bythesemembersof theacademicfaculty : Messrs.Hall, Newcomb,l3loomfield, Brooks, Craig, Elliott, Ely, Harris, Hartwell, Story,and Wirren

A few lecturesweregivenby ProfessorHall in MentalHygieneto theundergraduatestudents.

ProfessorG. S. Morris gavethe following courses:History of Philosophyin Greece. Twice weekly,first half-year.

Topics involved: — The beginnings of science. Anticipations of themoderndoctrine of development. Establishmentof elementaryeon—ceptionsof physicalscience. First applicationof mathematicalcon-ceptionsto thecomprehensionof theuniverse. Beginningsof abstract

speculation. First successfuldevelopmentof concreteor substantialidealism,including scienceof method (logic), and philosophyofnature,man, the State,art, and education. Systemsof practical philosophy.

Ethics,or theScienceof Man. Twoleetaressteekly,first half-year.A consideration of the foundations and content of ethical science,

togetherwith anhistoricalsurvey.

The MetaphysicalClub met monthly through the year for thepresentationanddiscussionof papers.

INFORMATION FOR APPLICANTS FOR ADMISSION TO THE UNIVERSITY.Printed in response to Letters.

GENERAL STATEMENTS.

How was the University founded?

The Johns Hopkins University was instituted by the munificence of a citizen of Baltimore, JohnsHopkins, whobequeathedthe most of his large estate for the establishmentof a University an(l a Hospital. Ihe foundation of theUniversity is a capital, in laud and stocks, estimated in value at more than 3,000,000; the capital of the hospital isnot less in amount. The Univei-sity was incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland, August 24, 1867,and it was ol)enedl for instruction in September,1 876. The Philosophical Faculty (of Letters and Science) is noworganized. A medical department wilt soon be instituted.

In what is instruction given?

Systematic instruction is offered in Eno- Anglo-Saxon, German,French,Italian, Spanish,Latin, Greek, Sanskrit,

Hebrew, Arabic, and in other languagesanti literatuics ; in Pure and Applied Mathematics; in Chemistry,(Inorganic andOrganic) with laboratory work; in Physics, (mad mmcli Mechanics,Light, heat, Sound, Electricity, Magmielisin, etc.) wit Iilaboratory work ; in Biology, (including Pi:ysioloo-y ‘mci Morphology) with lal)oratory work ; in Mineralogy and Geology;in Ancient and Modern History ; in Physical Ueoum ~phy ; in Political Economyandin the elementsof International Law

n ~ te Occ~Logic, Ethics, Psychology, Pedao-oolcs e ional coursesof lectures are also given upon special themes in

Literature, Science,History, Arebmology, Art etc

JULY, 1885.1

JOfINS JIOPIUNS [No. 40.

To whom is this instruction offered?

To all young men who are prepared to profit by it and who till conform to the simple regulations which areestablishedby the authorities. Graduate,Undergraduate,and SpecialStudentsare received.

Those who have not already receivedan academicdegree,should aim to secureone by pursuing a liberal and pro-longed course of stU(ly, at the close of which the (legree of Bachelor of Arts will be conferred. Those who may bepreventedfrom seeking this degree,will neverthelessbe welcomed to the University, provided that they are in earnestandare mature enough in years,attainments,and characterto profit by the advantageswhich are here afforded. Others whohave already taken their first degree are encouragedto go forward in advancedlines of work, and for them unusualfacilities are proVi(led. Young men who are to pursue the study of Law, Medicine, or Theology, or who haveenteredupon professional lives, and others who expect to become teachers, if they desire to become proficient in literatureand science,have easy access to the class-rooms an(l laboratories, The degree of Doctor of Philosophy may beobtained,after three years of advanced study, by those who have met the required conditions.

How is this instruction given?

By all the methods which experiencehas shown to be useful,—varyingaccordingto the preferencesof the teachers,the subjects taught, and the number of scholars. There are recitations, lectures, conferences, prolonged courses inlaboratories,exercises in special libraries, personal counsel, study of nature out-of-doors. rfhe usual four-year classesare not maintained, but in all the principal subjects taught, there are beoinners intermediatestudents, and advanced

b

workers; so• that every scholar is assignedto that position in each section of the university xvhich will yield him thegreatestadvantages. He may be far advancedin one subjectand only a beginnerin another. This result is only secured

by the engagementof a large staff of teachers.

What are the Laboratory and Library Facilities?

The scientific laboratoriesare three in number. They are open throughoutthe day and are fully equipped. ForChemistry, there is a special building arrangedfor about ninety workers, and well adaptedto all kinds of chemical andmineralogical work. A large building has been recently constructed for a Biological Laboratory, with completearrangementsfor physiological an(l morphological work. The Physical Departmentis furnished with apparatusselected1)0th for demonstrationand investigation,and especiallyvaluable for researchesin electricity, magnetism,light, and heat.The construction of a new building for a Physical Laboratory is now under way.

The Library includes over 26,000 bound volumes, and six hundred and fifty serials are regularly received.It is open thirteen hours daily. The Library of the Peabody institute, xvith 80,000 volumes, and the otherBaltimore libraries are of easy access. Washington is so near that the Library of Congress,the National Museum,and the other libraries an(1 museumsof the capital may be readily visited.

What are the necessaryexpensesof a Student?

The charge for tuition in all departments,(including the use of the library, and without any extra chargesexceptfor materialsconsumedin the laboratories),is $100 per annum,payableone-half October1, and the other half February1.

Young men living in any part of Baltimore, or in the immediate vicinity, can lodge at home, as the first lessonsare given at 9 a. m. daily, and there is rarely any required exerciseas late as 5 p. m. Young men from a distancecan readily find rooms and good board either in private dwellings or in boarding houses. It is possible to secureaccommodations(room and board) for five or six dollars per week, and for a sum between six and ten dollars perweek it is still easier to be suited. The other necessaryexpensesof life are moderate.

Are there any scholarships?

In accordancewith the requestof the founder of the University, twenty Hopkins scholarships,giving free tuitionare annually conferred upon matriculated undergraduatestudents from Marylal)(l, Virginia, and North Carolina.In addition to these scholarships,eighteen Honorary Hopkins scholarships,yieldin~ two hundred and fifty dollarsand free tuition, are qffered to those collegiate studentsfrom the three States above named who pass the matricu-lation examinations with the most credit. Two scholarships giving free tuition are also open to matriculatedstudentsfrom the District of Columbia. Twenty scholarships yielding two hundred dollars, audi twenty fellow—ships yiei(ling five hundlred dollars are annually open to gradluate students.

JULY, 1885.] UNIVERSITYcIRCULARS.

GRADUATE COURSES.

What specialopportunitiesare offered to University Students?

Advanced and graduatestudeatsare receivedwith or without referenceto their being candidatesfor a degree, andthey are permitted to attend such lectures an(l exercises as they may select. They are not examined foradmission to the University, but each instructor satisfies himself of the attainments of all who wish to follow hisguidancebefore admitting them to his classes.

Systematiccourses of instruction, varying every year, are announced in the annual programme. The professorsare free to give personalcounsel and instruction to those who seek it; books .and instruments adaptedto investigationand advancedwork have been liberally provided; the system of Fellowshipssecuresthe presenceof twentyspecial studentsimbuedwith the university spirit, mostof them lookiig forward to academiccareers; seminarieslimited to a few advancedstudentsnuder the guidanceof a director havebeen organized in various subjects; societiesdevotedto Philology, to Mathe-matical,Physical,and Natural Science,to Metaphysics, to History and i~olitical Science,and to Arch~ology, afford oppor-tunities for the presentationof memoirsandoriginal communications,and there are alsoclubs for the readingand discussionof Biological, Physical,and Chemicalpapers;during the year,coursesof lecturesare given by residentand non-residentpro-fessorson topics to which they have given special attention; the libraries of the PeabodyInstitute and Maryland His-torical Society,founded for the advantageof scholars, are easily accessible;the issuing, under the auspicesof the Trustees,of publicationsdevoted to Mathematics,Chemistry, Philology, Biology, and History, brings the University into advan-tageousconnection with other foundations; special libraries connected with the seminariesbring the most importantworks within easy reach of the student, an(l the University reLlding-roorn, which is constantly open, is liberallysupplied with new and with stan(lardbooks and with the literary and scientific journals of this and other lands.

On what conditionsis the Degreeof Doctor of Philosophy conferred?

The degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Arts is conferred upon candidates who (after havingtaken their first degree) have pursued university studies, for three years, under approved conditions, have passedtherequired examinationsand presenteda satisfactory thesis. At least the last year of study must be spent in thisUniversity.

How are the Fellowships awarded?

Twenty felloxvships are annually open to competition, eachyielding five hundred dollars and exempting the holderfrom all chargesfor tuition. A statementof the rules governing the awar(ls will be sent if requested. Applicationsfor the next year must reach the University before May 1, 1886.

COLLEGE COURSES.

Is there what is commonly known as a college course?

There are seven pai’allel courses, by following any one of which a matriculated student may attain thedegreeof Bachelor of Arts. This plan combines the a(lvantages of choice and restriction. From the variety ofcourses laid (lown, the scholar elects that which he pL’e~rs; having mache his choice he finds a definite sequenceofstudies provided for him. rfhe University marks out for those who elect a classical course, such a plan forthe rea(ling of Latin and Greek authors, sometimes with a teacher and sometimes privately, as will enable allwho follow it to excel in these studies, while it requires that they should also learn to reach French and German,and pursue during one year a course in science. It likewise provi(les a training which is mainly scientific, enablingthe student to concentrate his attention chiefly on Chemistry, or Biology, or Mathematics, or Physics; but withthese studies he must combine the study of Languages,History, an(l Philosophy.

Every matriculatedstudent is expected to follow, under the guidance of an adviser to whom he is speciallyassigned,one of these1)rescribed courseswhich are fully described in the Register. Some elect the classical course.Others may concentrate their main attention upon the higher branches of Mathematics. Courses are arrangedalso for those who wish to devote themselves chiefly to Chemistry and Physics. For those who expect ata later clay to take up the study of medicine, there is a sl)ecial course marked out, in which Biology is thedoniinant subject. Arrangements are also made in other courses for the study of History and Political Scienceand of the Modern Languagesand Literatures.

[No. 40.JOHNSHOPKINS UNIVERSITYCII?CULAPS.

What is required for admission to the College Courses?

Undergraduateswho wish to enter,either as matriculates,candidatesfor matriculation, studentsin the preliminarymedicalcourse,or as special students,must begin by satisfying the University that they have been thoroughlytaught theEnglishstudieswhich are usual in good high schools,academies,alill private schools,including a knowledgeof Arithmetic(with the metric system);Geography,physical and political; the outlinesof the History of the United States;Englishgrammar and composition. The candidate for matriculation must also pass an examinationin

1, Latin ; 2, Greek, (or French and German); 3, Mathematics (Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, AnalyticalGeometry); 4, English; 5, History; 6, Natural Scietice. Those who do not intend to follow the classicalcourse mayoffer French and German instead of Greek. A studentmay be admitted, undercertain circumstances,without matricu-lation.

Can a studentbe aided in completing his studies for matriculation?

If a student at his admission passes in a considerablepart of the matriculation requirements,he may post-pone the remainder for a time. If he is well up in Algebra and Geometry, he may join the university classesinTrigonometry and Analytical Geometry; if he is a good scholar in Latin and Greek but has not read all the authorsrequisite for matriculation, he may receive instruction in these authors from the University ; if he has not alreadyacquired the elementsof French and German, he will he aided in doing so, in order that he may enter the coursesIrere provided. When will the next examinations be held?

Examinations for admission will begin Thursday, October 1, at 9 a. m. Those who pass the preliminary exami-nation in English Stu(lieS acceptablywill be snbseqnentlyexaminedin such of the other studiesas they are readyto offer.

For further information consult the Annual Register of the University for 1884-85.

CONTENTS.

General Programme for 1885-86,Mathematics:

Programmefor 1885—86,Work of the PastYear,

Physics:Programmefor 1883—86,Work of thePastYear,

Chemistry:Programmefor 1885—86,Work of thePastYear,

Mineralogy and Petrography:Programmefor 1885—86,Work of the PastYear,

Biology:Programmefor 188.5—86,Work of thePastYear,

Ancient and Modern LanguagesGreek,LatinShemitic Languages,

PACE

87—88

8989

9090

9191

9292

(Prograa’mosesfor 1883—86):—

9395

969697

Sanskrit, etc.German,’EnglishRomance Languages,

Ancient and ModernGreek, .

Latin, .

Shemitic Languages,Sanskrit, etc.,EnglishRomance Langnages,History and Politics:

l~ro~ramumefor 1883—86,Work of the PastYear,

Psychology and Pedagogics:Programmefor 1883—86Work of thePastYear,

Information for ApplicantsGeneralStatements,GraduateCourses,CollegeCourses,

Languages: (Workof the Post

PACE

97979899

Year): —

100101101101102102

. 104103

for Admission:

PUBLICATIONS OF TIlE JOHNS hOPKINS UNIVERSITY.

I. American Journai of Mathematics. VI. Johns Hopkins University circuiars.5. Nmcwcoemu,Editor, sod T. CEAse,AssociateEditor. Quartealy. 4to. Volume VII Comimainingreportsotsciemmtitieand literary work in progress in Baltimore. 4to. Vol.

in proareso. 55 per volume. I, 53 Vol.11,5:3; Vol. III, ~2; Vol. IV in progress. 03 per year.II. American chemicai Journai. VII. Annual Report.

I. ItmesmsmtN,Edotor. lti-mmmommtlmly. Svo. Volume VII in progress. 3 per volumne. Presentedbe mite Presidentto time Board ofTrustees,reviewing timeoperationsof timeIII. American Journal of Philology. University dtmrimmgrite pastacmmdemnicyear.

B. L. (5~LumtmmsaEavE,Editor. Qrtarterly. Sen. Volumue VI in progress. ~33rer VIII. Annual Register.volsimmie. Uivimm~ tlme list of orlicersandstudents,and stalin~ time regulatiomme,etc.,of the Uni—

IV. Studies from the Biological Lahoratory.Inclttdimtg time CloesalmeakeZodlogicalLtmborarory. H N. Mxavm=c,Editor, and W. K. versily. Pmtblishedat time close efi/te aesmtlctmdcyear.

Bnooas, AssoriateEditor. Sco. Volummme itt ito progress. 55 pervolimmmme.V. Studiesin Historical and Political Science, communications in respectto publications may he sentto the Johns Hopkins

II. 13. AaAoms,Editor. dlommtlmly. Sco. VolsmmmmelIt in progress. .3 per volummme. University tPuhlication Agency), Baltimore, Maryland.

106107

107109109

The JohnsHopkins University Gircalars are printed by Messrs.JOHN IJIURPHY ~ 00., 182 WestBaltimore Street,Balti-more,from whom single copies maybe obtained. T/tey mayalso be procaredfrom Messrs.CUSIJ[NGS ~ BAlLL’Y, No. 262

WestBaltimore Street,Baltimore.