0 downloaded from faa runway safety briefing sun ‘n fun eaa fly-in april 2002
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FAA Runway Safety BriefingFAA Runway Safety Briefing
Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-InSun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In
April 2002
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Outcome: Zero fatalities resulting from runway incursions.
Outcome: Zero fatalities resulting from runway incursions.
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What Do You Think?What Do You Think?
Q: What is the most common runway incursion caused by pilots?
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Runway IncursionsRunway Incursions
A runway incursion is any occurrence on an airport runway involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, landing, or intending to land.
The FAA investigates runway incursions and attributes the occurrence to one or more of the following error types:
– Operational Error
– Pilot Deviation
– Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation
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Growing demand for air travel and NAS capacity
The U.S. National Airspace System is the The U.S. National Airspace System is the Busiest in the WorldBusiest in the World
Pressure to reduce delays and to enhance safety
Over 64 million operations a year = 175,000 a day (11 yr avg)
Over 650,000 pilots – 240,000 aircraft
Over 450 towered airports
Over 16,000 air traffic controllers
General Aviation accounted for 57% of FY 2001 operations
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Runway Incursions and General Aviation Runway Incursions and General Aviation StatisticsStatistics
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General Aviation and Air Carrier Airports General Aviation and Air Carrier Airports by Runway Incursions by Runway Incursions (CY1997 – 2001)(CY1997 – 2001)
38
3432
30
18
11 11 11
6 6
0
10
20
30
40
SNA VGT FXE LGB CCR APA PRC SRQ VNY SFB
General Aviation Airports
# o
f R
un
wa
y I
nc
urs
ion
s
Air Carrier Airports
41
38
3029
27
2322 22
18
14
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
LAX STL PHX DFW ORD SFO BOS EWR LAS LGA
# o
f R
un
wa
y I
nc
urs
ion
s
Total Ops (1997-2001) SNA – 2.1M STL – 2.5M LGB – 2.1M PHX – 2.9M FXE – 1.2M DFW – 4.4M
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Percentage of General Aviation Pilot Percentage of General Aviation Pilot DeviationsDeviations
CY 1997-2000 CY 2001
Non-GA PDs 30%
GA PDs70%
PD54%
V/PD20%
OE/D25%
Non-GA PDs 26%
GA PDs74%
PD56%
V/PD21%
OE/D23%
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Runway Incursions Runway Incursions
292325 321
431383
0
100
200
300
400
500
CY97 CY98 CY99 CY00 CY01
NON-PD
NON-PD
NON-PD
NON-PD NON-PD
PDs not GA
94 GA PDs
67%
PDs not GA
PDs not GA
PDs not GA
PDs not GA
194 GA PDs
75%
135 GA PDs
74%
122 GA PDs
65%
158 GA PDs
74%
Total Tower Operations (millions)
64.44 66.21 68.67 67.6864.44 66.21 68.67 65.45
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What Do You Think?What Do You Think?
Q: What’s the common theme?
A: Human Error
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Primary Causal Factors of Pilot Deviation Primary Causal Factors of Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions (1997-2001)Runway Incursions (1997-2001)
There were 970 Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions 719 of these Pilot Deviations were able to be evaluated
Other pilot deviations included landing over aircraft in position and landing/departing on closed runways
537 from pilot either entering the runway or crossing the hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions
95 from pilots departing after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions
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What Do You Think?What Do You Think?
Q: How many pilot deviations are General Aviation?
Out of 537 pilots either entering the runway or crossing the hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions,
368 involved General Aviation - that’s 69%!
Out of 95 pilots departing after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions,
70 involved General Aviation – that’s 74%!
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What Do You Think?What Do You Think?
Q: What are the most recurring pilot deviations?
1. Pilots acknowledge hold short instructions and either enter the runway or cross the hold short line
2. Pilots depart after acknowledging “taxi into position and hold” instructions
3. Pilots land over aircraft in position
4. Pilots land/depart on closed runways
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Helpful HintsHelpful Hints
Read back all runway crossing and/or hold short instructions
Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning and before descending to land, and while taxiing as needed
Know airport signage and markings
Review Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) for information on runway/taxiway closures and construction areas
Do not hesitate to request progressive taxi instructions from ATC when unsure of the taxi route
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Helpful HintsHelpful HintsCheck for traffic before crossing any Runway Hold Line and
before entering a taxiway
Turn on aircraft lights and rotating beacon while taxiing and on runway
When landing, clear the active runway as quickly as possible then call for taxi instructions before further movement
Study and use proper radio phraseology as described in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) in order to respond to and understand ground control instructions
Write down taxi instructions at airports
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Sarasota BradentonSarasota Bradenton
The most recent fatal U.S. runway collision accident occurred in March 2000, when two general aviation aircraft
collided on the runway at the Bradenton International Airport inSarasota, Florida, killing all four onboard.
X
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Here’s How We Are HelpingHere’s How We Are Helping
Sponsor new technology
Distribute runway safety materials
Notify pilots of certification requirements
Survey pilots on understanding of procedures
Improve data and statistics tracking
Partner with Industry to better inform our users
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TechnologyTechnology
AMASS– A total of 40 Systems – 37 anticipated to be commissioned
by the end of ’03 at 34 airports, and 3 support
– 11 Systems Commissioned: San Francisco, Detroit, Los Angeles #1 and #2, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Chicago, St. Louis, Boston, Miami and Newark
ASDE-X– Software Development In Progress
– Site Acceptance Test at Milwaukee in September ’02
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Technology Technology
Other Technologies being assessed– Motion Activated Lighting System (MALS)
– Ground Marker
– Electronic Message Board
– Runway Status Lights System
– Safe Flight 21 – Surface Moving Map
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Advisory CircularsAdvisory Circulars
AC No. 120-74– Part 121, 125 and 135 flight crew procedures during taxi
procedures
AC No. 91-73– Part 91 pilot and flight crew procedures during taxi
operations and part 135 single-pilot operations
Recently published, available through the runway safety website (www.faa.gov/runwaysafety), and part of an upcoming mailing to pilots.
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Practical Test StandardsPractical Test Standards
Surface operations are a required topic for practical test standards
Required both for initial and recurrent certification for pilots and Certified Flight Instructors
Standards will be published April 30, 2002
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CFR Part 91.129(i) SurveyCFR Part 91.129(i) SurveyContains a provision that states — “A clearance to “taxi to” the takeoff runway assigned to the aircraft is not a clearance to cross that assigned takeoff runway, or to taxi on that runway at any point, but is a clearance to cross other runways that intersect the taxi route to that assigned takeoff runway.”
176 pilots surveyed at Oshkosh Fly-in, 7/01– Four scenarios presented
– 48 pilots (28.1 percent) responded correctly to all four scenarios
– Majority of CFI-rated pilots, (55.8 percent), responded incorrectly
Most pilots misunderstood a taxiing clearance that involved crossing a runway that was the assigned takeoff runway
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Runway Safety WebsiteRunway Safety Website www.faa.gov/runwaysafety
www.faa.gov/runwaysafety
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Visit us in the FAA FSDO Safety Center hangar to
Participate in a Pilot Situational Awareness Survey
Check your knowledge of airfield markings
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FAA Runway Safety BriefingFAA Runway Safety Briefing
Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-InSun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In
April 2002