who can’t vote? the other 10% males (usually landless poor) women slaves free blacks between...
TRANSCRIPT
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Democratic Politics 1820-1829
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Who can’t vote?The other 10% males (usually landless poor)
WomenSlavesFree blacks
Between the 1790’s – 1820’s
Universal Manhood suffrage Eliminating religious
qualifications lowering or abolishing
property qualifications Vermont (1791) Kentucky (1792) Tennessee (1796) Indiana (1816) Illinois (1818) Missouri (1821)
About 90% of white males can now vote!
Universal Manhood Suffrage
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Voting Requirements in the Early 19th century
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•White male suffrage increased•Led to•Party nominating committees/conventions (state level)•Voters chose Presidential electors•Popular political personalities as leaders•Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)•Caucuses•Party platforms•1824 = last single party election•By 1832 two parties:•Democrats•National Republicans (later Whigs)
A New Two Party System
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Election of 1824
Five Candidates
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts)
Secretary of War John C. Calhoun (South Carolina)
Secretary of Treasury William H. Crawford (Georgia)
Speaker of the House Henry Clay (Kentucky)
Senator Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)
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4 way race (Calhoun drops out)
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Who is President?
Twelfth Amendment• The person having the greatest
Number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote . . .
John Quincy Adams• 108,740 popular votes (31%)• 84 electoral votes (32%)William H. Crawford• 46,618 popular votes (13%)• 41 electoral votes (16%) • Had a stroke; was out of the race
Henry Clay • 47,136 popular votes (13%)• 37 electoral votes (14%)Andrew Jackson• 153,544 popular votes (43%)• 99 electoral votes (38%)
Election of 1824
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President up to the House of Representatives
Each state = one vote
Henry Clay was Speaker•Didn’t like Jackson
Clay convinced New England and Ohio valley to support Adams
Adams is President; Clay Secretary of State
Corrupt Bargain?
Henry Clay and the “Corrupt Bargain”
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“Stolen” Election?
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John Quincy Adams: “Like Father, Like Son?”
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Very few goals met
• Some: Adams “too aristocratic”
• Adams: “above politics”
• Some: Adams supported monied interests (Hamilton?)
• Jackson: friends in Congress who refused support of Adams
• Some internal improvements • National road
Goals• Protective tariffs• Internal improvements•National bank•National university in Washington D.C.•Western exploration• Standard weights and measures (metric)•National observatory
Adams Presidency
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Adams proposed “reform”• Increase tariffs on imports• Increase tariffs on raw materials•Reduced British imports •South: less cotton to Britain•Hurt southern economy
Tariff of 1828 or theTariff of Abominations
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Adams supported tribal treaties•Georgia got Creek land•Adams and Georgia Governor George Troup argued over jurisdiction
Georgia threatened violence
Adams backed down
Continued Southern issues
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John Quincy Adams
Andrew JacksonDemocratic-Republican Party (Democrats)•Broad support (South, Chesapeake, Mid-Atlantic, west)•“Common Man”•Against NE financiers
National Republican Party•support in NE•“Corrupt Bargain”•Out of touch?
Election of 1828
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Election of 1828