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EMPLOYEE HANDBOOK

Introduction

This health and safety booklet has been produced to ensure that all staff and Managers are aware of the health and safety requirements of the Council which may be specific to the type of work you are carrying out.

The aim of the booklet is to improve health and safety awareness among all staff and Managers and to improve working safety through safe working practices and systems.

The booklet considers the majority of health and safety hazards and controls in order to reduce risks to all who may be affected and relies on users to ensure that all necessary procedures are followed. It is not exhaustive and there may be additional risks identified in your risk assessments which may need to be addressed.

Employee’s responsibilities

Under the Health and Safety at Work (NI) Order 1978 all employees have a legal duty of care to ensure your own safety and the safety of those on whom your work may impact.

You must comply with all health and safety procedures recommended within this booklet as well as complying with all control measures identified in specific risk assessments for your work.

You must cooperate with supervisors and management regarding all health and safety matters.

It is your responsibility to report to your Line Manager any work that will put you or anyone else in danger, and to report any defects within your workplace that may endanger anyone.

You must attend training courses as reasonably required by the Council.

You must inform your Line Manager of any illness or medical condition which may affect your ability to carry out your duties:

e.g., Angina/heart condition Epilepsy Diabetes For a full list of medical conditions which may affect your ability to drive please contact the DVANI

Ignoring or neglecting health and safety duties within this booklet may lead to disciplinary action.

Employee Handbook issued by HSU 30.04.2015 / R5 2

First aid

If an accident happens please follow the procedure below;

Raise the alarm and get first aid assistance where possible

If there is no first aid available contact the emergency services where necessary

Do not attempt to give first aid if you have not been trained

Isolate the source of harm where you can do so safely. In case of electric shock do not touch the casualty until the power has been isolated

Keep the casualty warm and ensure that they are breathing. If bleeding heavily, apply pressure to the wound, but do not touch the wound directly

General

Inform your Line Manager if you are feeling unwell and you think this may affect your safety or the safety of those around you.

Inform your Line Manager if you are taking medication which may make you drowsy or affect your ability to work in any way.

Do not work under the influence of alcohol or drugs

Ensure that all work areas are kept clean and tidy.

Store tools and equipment properly and ensure that any personal protective equipment you have been issued is maintained and stored correctly.

Ensure that the safety of the general public is not affected by your work and if necessary, exclude the public from work areas during works and fence after working hours

No private work or personal jobs are to be carried out in Council time or workshops

No plant or equipment is to be taken home for personal work


Safety signs and what they mean

Employee Handbook issued by HSU 30.04.2015 / R5

Prohibition signs – e.g., no smoking

Warning signs – e.g. possible hazardous

condition

Safe condition sign – e.g. first aid

Mandatory signs – e.g. must wear eye protection

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Contents

1. Accident/Incident Investigation and Report 6-7

2. Asbestos 8-9

3. Confined Spaces 10

4. Contractors 11

5. Electricity 12

6. Excavations 13

7. Fire 14

8. Grounds Maintenance 15-16

9. Hazardous Substances 17

10.LPG/Compressed Gas 18-19

11.Health Surveillance 20

12.Legionella 21

13.Lone Working 22

14.Manual Handling 23-24

15.Noise 25

16.Office Safety 26-28

17.Working On or Near Water 29

18.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 30

19.Risk Assessment 31-32

20.Safe Systems of Work 33-35

21.Slips, Trips and Falls 36-37

22.Street Works 38-39

23.Waste Management 40-43

24.Work Equipment / Machinery Safety (General) 44-48

25.Workplace / Welfare Provision 49

26.Working at Height 50-51

27.Training 52

28.Road Safety 53-54

29.Vibration 55

30.Occupational Health 56-59

31.Cash Handling 60


1. Accident/Incident Investigation and Reporting

ManagersAs a manager, you must investigate any work-related deaths, and certain work-related injuries, cases of disease, and near misses involving your employees wherever they are working.

If you are in control of premises, you must investigate any work-related deaths, certain injuries to members of the public and self-employed people on your premises, and dangerous occurrences (some near miss incidents) that occur on your premises.

EmployeesIf you are an employee and have suffered a work-related injury, or have been diagnosed as suffering from a work related reportable disease, you should inform your employer. If you are concerned that your employer or other responsible Person has not completed a required investigation you should:

ask them if they have investigated the incident, and/or; approach your employer or TU representative

If you still feel that your accident or work related disease has not been properly investigated, you may raise your concern with the Health and Safety Unit.

Types of reportable injury

The death of any personAll deaths to workers and non-workers, with the exception of suicides, must be reported if they arise from a work-related accident, including an act of physical violence to a worker.

Definition of major injuries, dangerous occurrences and diseases

Reportable major injuries are:

fracture other than to fingers, thumbs or toes; amputation; dislocation of the shoulder, hip, knee or spine; loss of sight (temporary or permanent); chemical or hot metal burn to the eye or any penetrating injury to the eye; injury resulting from an electric shock or electrical burn leading to unconsciousness or

requiring resuscitation or admittance to hospital for more than 24 hours; unconsciousness caused by asphyxia or exposure to harmful substance or biological

agent; acute illness requiring medical treatment, or loss of consciousness arising from

absorption of any substance by inhalation, ingestion or through the skin; acute illness requiring medical treatment where there is reason to believe that this

resulted from exposure to a biological agent or its toxins or infected material; any other injury leading to hypothermia, heat induced illness or to unconsciousness; or

requiring resuscitation


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Dangerous occurrences

Some dangerous occurrences need to be reported. Further information on dangerous occurrences may be obtained from the health and safety advisor but include such incidents as collapse of lifting equipment, explosion, unintentional release of biological agent likely to cause severe human illness, etc.

Reportable diseases

Similarly, some occupational diseases need to be reported including but not limited to illness following radiation exposure, hand arm vibration syndrome, brucellosis, legionellosis, hepatitis, etc. Further information may be obtained from the health and safety unit

Over three-day incapacitation of a worker Accidents must be reported where they result in an employee or self-employed person being away from work, or unable to perform their normal work duties, for more than three consecutive days as the result of their injury. This three day period does not include the day of the accident, but does include weekends and rest days. The report must be made within 10 days of the accident.

Non-fatal accidents to non-workers (e.g. members of the public)

Accidents to members of the public or others who are not at work must be reported if they result in an injury and the person is taken directly from the scene of the accident to hospital for treatment to that injury.

Investigation

Line Managers are responsible for the investigation of accidents on their premises or facility. Minor incidents involving basic first aid must be recorded but need not necessarily need investigation and this will be at the discretion of the Manager. Any more major incident, accident or near miss must be thoroughly investigated in line with OHS 003 and the findings of the investigation forwarded to the health and safety advisor (HSA). The health and safety advisor should be notified of the incident immediately.

Near Misses

Anything which could have resulted in an accident or loss but did not is known as a near miss. Every near miss has the potential to become a serious accident if not addressed. It is very important that all staff are encouraged to report near misses in the same way as actual loss accidents.


2. Asbestos

Likely sources of asbestos in buildings

What is asbestos?

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral fibre. There are three main types:

Chrysotile (‘white asbestos’) Amosite (‘brown asbestos’) Crocidolite (‘blue asbestos’)

The import, use and re-use of asbestos products within the UK have now been banned by law, except in a very limited number of specified processes.

However, vast quantities of asbestos were used in buildings in the past. Much of this material is still there and cannot easily be identified by its appearance.

Where asbestos can be found?

Asbestos is most likely to be found in buildings that were constructed or refurbished between 1950 and 1980, particularly if the building also has a steel frame and/or it has boilers with thermal insulation. The most common uses of asbestos are detailed in the picture above. The use of asbestos was banned in 1999 and all buildings constructed after 2000 should not contain any asbestos.


How does asbestos get into the body?

Tiny fibres can be inhaled and pass into the lower parts of the lung. They can stay there for many years and may work their way through the lung lining. The body naturally gets rid of any asbestos fibres that you might take in with food and water; and asbestos fibres cannot be absorbed through the skin.

If you come across any hidden or dusty materials in your workplace which you suspect may contain asbestos, always assume it is asbestos, leave it alone and immediately contact the person in control of your building.

With some limited exceptions, only licensed contractors should remove asbestos

Before any work is carried in buildings where asbestos has been identified, the register for the building should be made available to those carrying out the work and the position and type of the asbestos made clear

Never break, file, drill, sand or otherwise disturb asbestos.

Never use air lines to disperse asbestos fibres.


3. Confined spaces

What is a confined space?

A confined space is a place which is substantially enclosed (though not always entirely), and where serious injury can occur from hazardous substances or conditions within the space or nearby (e.g. lack of oxygen).

This obviously may include;

storage tanks silos enclosed drains sewers

but may also include;

open topped chambers or vats

Dangers of confined spaces include lack of oxygen, poisonous gas/vapour, free flowing liquids and solids, fire and explosion, residues, dusts and high or low temperatures.

These hazards may already exist within the space or may become present as a result of the work being carried out.

The law says you must avoid entering confined spaces where possible.

Where you must enter you should be trained and following a safe system of work with adequate escape arrangements in place before work begins.

For any confined space entry, a permit to work will be required and employees must have the required relevant personal protective equipment (PPE).

Always carry out a risk assessment for any confined space work.

Always follow a documented safe system of work for any confined space entry.


4. Contractors

Who counts as a contractor?

Contractors may be individuals or a group of persons working. It is someone who has been brought in for a task and is not an employee. They may be persons being used for maintenance, repairs, installation, construction, demolition and many other jobs. Examples include window cleaners and plumbers.

Accidents:The potential for accidents/incidents increases when there is poor communication i.e. when employees don’t know there is a contractor working nearby or when contractors don’t know the dangers on site. Accidents may occur when:

The hazards of their job have not been identified; Steps have not been taken to minimise risks; There is no system to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that contractors

follow agreed health and safety policies/procedures on site.

What you need to know before a contractor starts work on site

Do they have a Health and Safety Policy? Have they provided their employees with health and safety training? Will they provide a specific Health and Safety Plan, Method Statement and/or Risk

Assessments for this task? Do they use sub contactors and how do they assess the suitability of sub-contractors? How many accidents have they had in the past two/three years? Have they had any enforcement action taken against them? Do they know to report incidents/accidents to the Council? Are they prepared to abide by Council Health and Safety Procedures?

When work begins:

Take time to look at the Health and Safety Plan, Method Statement and/or Risk Assessments for the task;

Continue to assess by carrying out spot checks when the contactor is carrying out the task;

Take action if plans and risk assessments are not being adhered to!

Ensure the induction process has been carried out for contractors

Are site rules being followed?

Do not assume that contractors always do what they say they will do

5. Electricity


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Electricity is a familiar and necessary part of everyday life, but electricity can kill or severely injure people and cause damage to property.There are simple precautions when working with, or near electricity that can be taken to significantly reduce the risk of electrical injury to you and others around you.

What are the hazards?

The main hazards are: contact with live parts causing shock and burns – normal mains voltage, 240 volts AC,

can kill; faults which could cause fire; and fire or explosion where electricity could be the source of ignition in a potentially

flammable or explosive atmosphere.

What are the risks?

The risks are greatest in harsh conditions, for example: in wet surroundings – unsuitable equipment can easily become live and can make its

surroundings live; outdoors – equipment may not only become wet but may be at greater risk of damage;

and in cramped spaces with a lot of earthed metalwork such as inside a tank – if an

electrical fault developed it could be very difficult to avoid a shock. Remember that electrical equipment used indoors can be dangerous also

If you are working near electricity sources, ensure that a risk assessment has been carried out for the task. Preferably, use step down voltage tools or ensure that a residual current device (RCD) is in place.

Ensure that portable appliances are regularly tested according to use and risk, and that underground and overhead cables are identified.

Your employer must ensure that all electrical installations under his control are safe, provide you with safe and suitable equipment, and carry out risk assessments.

Do not use electrical items which are damaged, or which have not been adequately maintained.

Only qualified, competent electricians should work on electrical installations or equipment.


6. Excavations

Every year people are killed or seriously injured by collapses and falling materials while working in excavations.

This is usually as a result of collapse, falling or dislodging materials or falling into excavations. Inspection of the excavation by a competent person is essential.

Your employer should:Risk assess the depth; type of excavation and implement the necessary controls

Provide ladder access to get in and out, and edge protection where necessary.

Make sure adjacent structures are not undermined – dig well away from them.

Check the excavation each day before work starts and after any event that may affect its stability – eg a fall of material or poor weather.

Keep records so people can be sure it is safe for work to continue.Close excavations outside working hours or secure those which are to be left open

Key Information:

Never go into an unsupported trench where there is a risk of collapse

Never work outside the protection of trench boxes or trench support

Never work underneath an excavator

Keep plant a safe distance from the excavation edge

Be alert to risks from underground services or undermining adjacent structures

Maintain fencing and other safety measures in order to protect others

If you are unsure that an excavation is safe do not enter it – inform your supervisor immediately and do not allow others to enter.


7. FireFires need 3 things to start –

sources of ignition include heaters, lighting, naked flames, electrical equipment, smokers’ materials (cigarettes, matches etc.), and anything else that can get very hot or cause sparks

sources of fuel include wood, paper, plastic, rubber or foam, loose packaging materials, waste rubbish and furniture

sources of oxygen include the air around us

Key points to remember

Think about the risks of fire and explosions from the substances you use or create in your business and consider how you might remove or reduce the risks

Use supplier safety data sheets as a source of information about which substances might be flammable

Consider reducing the amount of flammable/explosive substances you store on site Keep sources of ignition (e.g. naked flames, sparks) and substances that burn (e.g. vapour,

dusts) apart Get rid of flammable/explosive substances safely Review your risk assessment regularly

Fire risk assessments

Fire risk assessments have been carried out for all Council buildings. You must familiarise yourself with evacuation procedures associated with the building you are working in or visiting. If the evacuation plan is not available tell your Supervisor.

Housekeeping

Maintain good housekeeping, e.g. avoid build-up of rubbish, dust or grease that could start a fire or make one worse

Always ensure that fire exits and escape routes are kept clear and exits unlocked when the building is occupied

Keep flammables and ignition sources separate at all times

Action to be taken on discovering a fire:

Raise the fire alarm using the break glass (if applicable)

ONLY FIGHT THE FIRE if trained and it is safe to do so using the proper fire extinguisher

Always ensure there is a safe means of escape – do not put life or limb at risk

IF IN DOUBT – GET OUT


8. Grounds maintenance

Grounds maintenance encompasses a range of activities and presents a host of health and safety challenges

Summary of activities:

The maintenance of Council grounds, parks, and urban areas involves many high risk and varied tasks, including grass cutting, strimming, hedge trimming, hanging baskets, leaf blowing, excavations and grave digging.

Key Considerations:

Identification of hazards will vary according to the physical considerations of each site and these must be taken into account for each work activity and risk assessed.

Determination of what personal protective equipment is appropriate for each locality and work task.

Since most of the work will be carried out in the open, it is important to take account of varying weather conditions and the impact these may have on health and safety.

For example, steep slopes may become treacherous in wet conditions and wind conditions may cause aerial drift of pesticide residues.

All such eventualities must be included in your risk assessments.

Full risk assessments for the equipment you may have to use and the jobs you will be asked to do have been completed. Staff must read the risk assessments for the particular task they are carrying out and understand the control measures they are expected to implement.

Staff should read the document ‘Grounds Maintenance Safety’ and ensure that they understand it completely.

Do not use equipment for which you have not received training

Ensure that you follow the manufacturer’s instructions for machinery, particularly on slopes, etc.

Follow the risk assessments and safe systems of work for all equipment you use.

All staff must ensure that all equipment used is safe and has been adequately maintained

Daily defect check books for all mobile equipment must be completed daily and all defects reported and remedied promptly


Specific risk assessments must be carried out for high risk activities including grass cutting on verges or at roadsides or roundabouts and all appropriate signage deployed in accordance with training received

All operatives must wear appropriate personal protective equipment for the task which they are undertaking, as directed by Management


9. Hazardous substances

Substances can take many forms and include:

chemicals products containing chemicals fumes dusts vapours mists nanotechnology gases and asphyxiating gases and biological agents (germs) germs that cause diseases such as leptospirosis or legionnaires disease and germs used

in laboratories

If the packaging has any of the hazard symbols then it is classed as a hazardous substance.

Corrosive Serious Health Hazard

Explosive

Toxic Flammable Harmful to the Environment

Health Hazard

Oxidising Gas under pressure

Think about

What do you do that involves hazardous substances? How can these cause harm? How can you reduce the risk of harm occurring?

Your supervisor must carry out Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) assessments for these substances if they may be harmful. It is your responsibility to read the assessment and abide by the control measures.

Always try to prevent exposure at source. For example:

Avoid using a hazardous substance or use a safer process – preventing exposure, e.g. using water-based rather than solvent-based products, applying by brush rather than spraying

Substitute it for something safer – e.g. swap a harmful cleaning product for something less harmful, or using a vacuum cleaner rather than a brush

Use a safer form, e.g. can you use a solid rather than liquid to avoid splashes or a waxy solid instead of a dry powder to avoid dust


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10. LPG / compressed gas

LPG is used as a fuel in a range of applications including in heating and cooking appliances, industrial applications, in vehicles and as a propellant and refrigerant. LPG can be obtained primarily as propane, butane or a mixture of the two. A powerful odorant is added so that it is easily detected.

LPG is flammable and heavier than air so that it will settle and may accumulate in low spots such drains and basements. Here it could present a fire or explosion or suffocation hazard.

Use of oxy acetylene

An acetylene cylinder has a different design from most other gas cylinders. It consists of a steel shell containing a porous mass. The acetylene gas in the cylinder is dissolved in acetone which is absorbed by the porous mass. Decomposition of the acetylene is triggered by heat, e.g. when it is:

involved in a fire; scorched by flames from a blowtorch; or involved in a flashback.

The porous mass slows down any decomposition of the gas. From the start of decomposition to the cylinder exploding could take several hours. This should provide time for emergency action.

Cylinders and all ancillary equipment should be inspected before each use and only used if fit for purpose. Acetylene has an unusually wide explosive limit which means that even a small leak in an enclosed space can cause an explosive atmosphere to build up.

If a fire occurs;

Dial 999 to call the fire service. Tell them an LPG tank or oxy acetylene is on the premises.

Tell everybody to leave the premises and go to a safe place well away from the installation. If you have a fire alarm, activate it.

If you believe that there is any risk from an acetylene or oxygen tank you should evacuate the premises and call the fire service

If a leak occurs;

If it is safe to do so, turn off all the gas appliances.


If you think you have an LPG leak at a tank or the associated pipework, call the LPG supplier so they can come and make safe. If an LPG appliance is leaking or is not working properly, ask a GAS SAFE registered gas fitter to check it.

If the leak is indoors, open all the doors and windows

Do not switch any lights or electrical equipment on or off, as this may cause a spark, igniting released gas.

A leak in the LPG piping can be stopped by closing the manual outlet valve on the tank, but only do this if you can approach the valve safely. If the tank has a remotely operated shut-off valve, operate the control to close the valve if it is safe to do so.

Staff should not work on any gas appliance. Only Gas Safe engineers may carry out work on such appliances.


11. Health Surveillance

What is Health Surveillance?

Health surveillance is any activity which involves obtaining information about your health and which helps protect you from health risks at work. These health checks may be required by law for employees who are exposed to, for example, noise or vibration, solvents, fumes, dusts, biological agents, repetitive strains and hazardous substances, resulting in ill health such as white finger, dermatitis and repetitive strain injury.

The objectives for health surveillance are:

Protecting your health by early detection of adverse changes or disease; Collecting data for detecting or evaluating health hazards; Evaluating control measures.

It should not be confused with general health screening or health promotion.

Key Requirements of the Managers:

Ensure risk assessments take account of health surveillance requirements. Identify and inform staff groups for whom health surveillance is required. Ensure liaison with Occupational Health to assist in identifying where health

surveillance requirements are necessary, or have been identified. Immediately advise the Occupational Health of any event resulting in the accidental

release of, or exposure to, substances hazardous to health. Ensure those with responsibility for carrying out risk assessments are fully aware of

health surveillance requirements and the arrangements to follow where a need, or potential need, is identified.

Ensure staff requiring health surveillance are able to attend the programme that is established for them.

Ensure adequate and up to date records are maintained.

Employees undergoing health surveillance are responsible for:

Advising your manager or Occupational Health of any significant health issues. Reporting any significant changes in your health to your line manager in intervals

between health surveillance sessions. Cooperating with health surveillance programmes and other risk reduction measures

for the protection of your health.


12. Legionella

Any water system, natural or man-made, that has the right environmental conditions could potentially be a source for legionella bacteria growth; therefore, Council has a legal duty to take suitable precautions to prevent, or control, the risk of exposure to legionella, by inhibiting, or limiting the growth of this organism in all of its water systems.

What is legionellosis disease?

Legionellosis is a pneumonia-like illness caused by exposure to the bacteria, by breathing in tiny droplets of water from contaminated water systems. It is a potentially fatal form of pneumonia and everyone is susceptible to infection. People at higher risk include; people over 45 years of age; smokers and heavy drinkers; people suffering from chronic respiratory, or kidney diseases; anyone with an impaired immune system.

Managing the Risk

Council will ensure that arrangements are in place for the effective management of water quality and control of the risk of Legionella in Council buildings, and in accordance with the L8 Approved Code of Practice. Arrangements will be inclusive of the following activities:

Suitable and sufficient risk assessment

Implementation of a written control scheme involving the treatment, cleaning and maintenance of the system

Appointment of a named person with responsibility for the management of the control scheme

The monitoring of the scheme by a competent person

Record keeping and the review of procedures developed within the control of the scheme and implementation of all action plans.

Report any concerns to line manager, or facilities/premises manager


13. Lone Working

HSE defines a lone worker as someone who works by themselves without close or direct supervision, lone workers include those who:

work from a fixed base, such as one person working alone on a premises (e.g., Waste transfer station, Caravan park, Marina);

work separately from others on the same premises (e.g. caretakers) or work outside normal hours;

work away from a fixed base (e.g. field staff); work at home (homeworkers); and mobile workers (e.g. some drivers).

This definition covers a wide set of circumstances with varying degrees and types of risk. Therefore, it is important for managers, with employees, to identify the hazards of the work and assess the risks involved before applying appropriate measures.

Key factors to consider are people’s overall health and suitability to work alone, and people who are particularly at risk, namely young people, women and people with disabilities.

The complexities and variations inherent in lone working and personal safety, in general, can make it difficult to determine the most appropriate course of action. However, as a general guide managers and employees should remember the acronym ‘SAFER’:

S : Safety first and foremost - at all timesA : Assess the risk - before you startF : Fear is a survival technique - trust your instinctsE : Environments matter - react to changes in riskR : Report all incidents that leave you feeling threatened

Employees should always contact their Line Manager to seek further advice or guidance.


14. Manual Handling

Manual handling injuries, or musculoskeletal disorders resulting from manual handling, account for around half of all work related ill health (source HSE).

Manual handling is defined as the movement of any load by human effort alone. This effort may be applied directly or indirectly using a rope or lever. Manual handling includes not only lifting, but lowering, pulling, pushing and carrying

All manual handling tasks will be suitably risk assessed and control measures implemented where required and practicable, in accordance with the Manual Handling Operations Regulations (NI) 1992.

All staff will be provided with manual handling awareness training to reflect their activities.

REMEMBER! – serious back injuries will be with you for the rest of your life, so start lifting sensibly and take account of the following key points in relation to manual handling activities:

Avoid manual handling where possible and use mechanical aids; where this is not possible a risk assessment should be carried out by a competent person;

Do not try to manually lift any object that is too heavy;

Get help where necessary;

Test the weight of the load and remove obstructions from around the load and your intended route

Check the load is secure and safe to lift. IF IN DOUBT DO NOT LIFT IT!

Seven Principles to follow when manual handling

1. Assess the task, area and the load2. Form a broad, stable, base with feet apart3. Bend your knees (not your back!)4. Keep your back straight5. Take a firm grip6. Keep the centre of gravity of the weight close

to your body7. Turn your feet in the direction you wish to go.

Try not to twist your body.


Common Injuries:

Disc injuries

Ligament/tendon injuries

Muscular/nerve injuries

Hernias

Fractures/abrasions/cuts


15. Noise

Loud noise at work can damage people’s hearing and lead to risks to safety. This can be hearing loss that is gradual because of exposure to noise over time, but also damage caused by sudden, extremely loud noises.

The damage could be disabling as it can stop people, for example, being able to understand speech, keep up with conversations, or use the telephone.

The main purpose of the Noise Regulations is to control noise levels rather than measuring them. This involves the better design of machines, equipment, work processes, and ensuring that PPE is correctly worn and employees are given adequate training and health surveillance.

In relation to noise at work please observe the following:

If you are subjected to excessive noise, contact your line manager who can arrange for a noise assessment to be undertaken.

If you are exposed to excessive noise you can be assessed by Occupational Health Consultant. If this is the case, please contact your line manager to arrange a consultation.

If you have to raise your voice to be heard by a colleague from about 2m apart, then there, most likely, is a noise issue and ear protection may be necessary.

Ear protection is available to staff who require them, and must be worn when instructed and where the risk of excessive noise has been identified.

Proper and regular maintenance of machinery helps to control noise, combined with other actions to reduce noise exposure levels, such as lubrication of moving parts.

You should not use hearing protection as an alternative to controlling noise bytechnical and organisational means; for example, buying less noisy, equipment, enclosing equipment, damping techniques, and by limiting exposure to noise.


16. Office Safety

Although considered a relatively safe working environment, many accidents do occur in offices. Slips, trips, falls and injuries as a result of manual handling are the most common.

In relation to Office Safety please observe the following:

Keep floors and floor coverings in good repair Corridors and passageways, particularly escape routes, should be kept free of obstructions

and trailing cables Stairways should be well maintained and properly lit with handrailsSpillages must be cleared-up quickly and warning notices displayed if necessaryCleaning of windows, walls and furnishings should be carried out from a safe assess

position, and not by standing on chairs, desks, boxes or equipmentA proper means of access should be used to reach high shelving/storageStore heavy items at, or near, waist level and avoid storing items at height where possibleMaintain good housekeeping at all times

Defective plugs, sockets and leads cause a number of accidents in offices, whilst faulty appliances and wiring account for approximately one third of all office accidents.

Sufficient sockets must be provided to prevent overloadingAvoid the use of adapters and training leads/cablesSwitch socket off at the wall before inserting or removing a plugReport faulty electrical equipment and do not use until repaired/tested

Office Equipment:

Unauthorised use or maintenance of equipment is prohibited. All equipment must be used and maintained in accordance with manufacturer/s instructions Guillotines and paper shredders can cause cutting injuries; guards must be in place and subject to regular checks and maintenance

Photocopiers/printers should be installed, sited and operated in accordance with manufacturer/s instructions and will comply with the latest safety standards. Paper jams and replenishment of toner/ink cartridges should only be done by trained staff.

Display Screen Equipment: Display Screen Equipment (DSE) and the workstation in general are subject to the requirements of the Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regs (NI) 1992.

DSE is generally safe, but if incorrectly used can give rise to musculoskeletal disorders ranging from temporary fatigue/soreness in the limbs to chronic soft tissue disorders such as


carpel tunnel syndrome. Work with DSE can also give rise to back pain, or make existing back pain worse, if the workstation is badly designed or the worker sits for too long.

Display Screen:

Characters should be clear, large enough to read. Screen should be clean, with brightness and contract adjusted to

suit user, and free from flicker. Screen should be adjustable - swivel tilt. Free from glare / reflections.

Keyboard:

Keyboard should be separate from the screen and have adjustable tilt.

You should have a comfortable keying position.

Characters on the keys should be easily readable.

Mouse / Trackball:

The device should be suitable for the purpose intended.

It should be positioned close to you and support should be available for the wrist/arm.

The device should work smoothly and you should know how to adjust the software settings for speed of the pointer etc.

Furniture:

The workstation should be large enough for all your activities and you should be able to reach all the equipment you need to use.

All surfaces should be free from glare and reflection.

You should have sufficient legroom and the chair should be adjustable.

The small of the back should be supported by the backrest and forearms should be horizontal.

Your eyes should be roughly the same height as the screen and feet should be flat on the floor.

In addition to this general information, statutory requirements also refer to a healthy working environment, adequate lighting, ventilation, minimal distracting noise and breaks from screen work.


With regard to eyesight tests and corrective lenses for DSE use the Council has formal arrangements in place - initial inquiries must be directed to your line manager who will initiate appropriate action.

Portable Display Screen Equipment:

Although no more hazardous, its design may make it more difficult to achieve a comfortable position. The following guidelines should be followed:

Look for low weight equipment.

Choose a large, height adjustable screen.

Use lightweight carrying cases without brand names.

Use docking stations if available.

Take frequent breaks.

Avoid use in cars etc., use on a work surface.

Opt for a portable mouse.

Post or email documentation rather than carrying it.

Avoid unnecessary add-ons.

Carry out risk assessments and ensure you have received training.

Home Working:

If working from home, ensure the appropriate risk assessment has been carried out, and seek advice from your line manager.

All DSE Users must complete the on-line risk assessment activity – contact your line manager for further details


17. Working On/Near Water

Any workplace over/on/near water presents a danger that persons might slip or fall into the water, be swept off their feet by wave action, tide action, strong currents, or swell from passing water traffic. Adverse weather is also a key factor that can increase the dangers of working near water, because conditions can change rapidly. Whether or not a person is injured by falling into water, there is an immediate risk of drowning and/or being carried under/away by water currents.

When working near water consideration must be given to the health implications. The water may be polluted, for example, when working near sewage discharge points, and there is the ever-present risk of contracting leptospirosis (or Weil’s disease) from water contaminated by rat urine.

Key Safety Messages

Wherever possible provide collective protection measures, for example fixed handrails, which protect all those working in the area;

Always plan the work and ensure that the necessary equipment, materials and PPE are in place, and if the worst happens, ensure that employees will float and can be rescued in the shortest time possible;

Anyone working near water must follow the safe systems of work that are in place, based on a thorough risk assessment, and that staff are properly trained and instructed to undertake the work and safely use PPE and lifesaving/rescue equipment;

An emergency/rescue procedure must always be in place and a means of communication must be provided so that emergency services can be contacted

Lone working should be avoided to ensure that there is always someone available to raise the alarm

Trained first aiders and first aid equipment must always be available.

Work Boats and Vessels:The transportation by water to or from worksites must be done safely; and any vessels used should be suitable, properly maintained, under the control of a competent person and not overcrowded/overloaded.


18. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Adequate and appropriate protective clothing will be provided, as required, in line with the PPE regulations and risk assessments.

PPE covers all equipment which is intended to be worn, or held by a person at work, which protects them against one, or more, risks to their health and safety. However, before PPE is issued it is vital that all steps have been taken to eliminate or control the risks by some other means, only then will the following be taken into consideration by management:

suitability and compatibility with other itemsMaintenance – efficiency, cleanliness and in good conditionStorage facilitiesInformation, instruction, training Proper use and reporting of defectsStocks available for issue and replacementAdequate provision for visitors and othersErection of signs and notices as appropriate

Employee Duties:

Wear any PPE provided in accordance with instructionsTake care of all PPE providedCheck for, and report, any damage or defects to your line managerUse storage facilities provided for PPE when not in useRemember! Damaged or ill-fitting PPE will not provide proper protection


19. Risk Assessment

Health and Safety at Work and Risk Assessments go hand in hand. Risk assessments are required under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000. They comprise of a practical process based on general principles rather than fixed rules.

What is the difference between a hazard and a risk?

Hazard – anything with the potential to cause harm.

Risk – the chance of that harm occurring.

Example - for a pedestrian, crossing a busy road represents a hazard. The person crossing the road runs the risk of injury or death. A simple assessment of the risk to the person crossing the road will identify that the hazard is being struck by a moving vehicle. However, the risk can be reduced by using a pedestrian crossing, or even eliminated by using a subway or overhead crossing.

The Risk Assessment Process:

1. Look for the hazards in relation to the activity/task being undertaken.

2. Decide who might be harmed and how.

3. Evaluate the risks and decide whether the existing precautions are adequate or whether more should be done.

4. Record your findings and initiate further controls as required

5. Review assessments regularly and revise if necessary.


Generic Risk Assessments (GRA’s):

Council supports the use of the Generic Risk Assessment (GRA) format promoted by the Local Authority Safety Advisor Network (LASAN), though it must be stressed that for GRA’s to be valid they must be amended to suit the particular site. It must also be stressed that risk assessments are living documents that must be monitored and reviewed in order to remain suitable and sufficient. Ensure you are familiar with the RAs applicable to your work.

Access and Information:

Risk assessments, and specifically significant findings and control measures, should be communicated to all relevant employees, who should be an integral part of the risk assessment process. Risk assessments should be signed off by the assessor, manager responsible and the employees that it relates to.


20. Safe Systems of Work

A safe system of work (SSoW) is a formal procedure based on a systematic examination of work in order to identify the hazards associated with the overall activity and the key tasks therein. It defines safe methods of working which eliminate those hazards, identified in risk assessments, or minimise the risks associated with them.

It is the responsibility of the employer to develop SSoW with the involvement of both competent persons and employees who will be carrying out the work. These safe systems must be documented.

Confined space entry, lone working and maintenance work (buildings and equipment) are typical work activities that will be subject to safe systems of work.

When developing a safe system of work it is important to consider the following key components of the work activity:

People: Who is the SSW for? What level of competence or technical ability should they have?

Equipment: What plant or equipment will be worked on? What equipment will be used? What safety equipment will be required?

Materials: What materials will be used or handled during the work? How will waste be disposed of?

Environment: In what type of environment will the work take place, e.g. space, light and temperature? Might any of these factors increase risk or need to be controlled?

A safe system of work will involve all the elements of control in the general hierarchy of controls, for example:

Technical, or engineering, controls - applied directly to the hazard in order to minimise the risk. This may involve fencing or barriers of different kinds to isolate workers from the


Safe system of work

Identifying hazards

Assessing risks

Applying controls

Reviewing progress

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hazard as far as possible, or failsafe devices designed into equipment to stop its operation if there is a fault.

Procedural controls - the way in which work should be carried out in relation to the hazard. They will specify the exact tasks involved, their sequence and the safety actions and checks which have to be taken. Often procedures will relate to the correct operation of technical controls.

Behavioural controls - how the individual worker acts in relation to the hazard. They include general points of good practice in the workplace, e.g. good housekeeping, and to specific measures such as the use of PPE

A key step in the implementation of any safe working method is the provision of information, instruction and training. In some cases, if the workers have the competence to interpret and correctly follow new methods, simply informing them of changes to existing methods will be sufficient. In other instances, detailed theoretical and practical training will have to be provided to ensure that workers understand and can apply the safe working methods.

Permit to Work Systems

A permit-to-work system is a formal, documented safety procedure, forming part of a safe system of work, which ensures that all necessary actions are taken before, during and after particularly high risk work.

A permit-to-work system is a management system that is supported by, and makes use of, permits-to-work (which are pieces of paper). Permits-to-work are formal documents specifying the work to be done, hazards, and the precautions to be taken. The permit provides a clear written record, signed by a responsible manager or supervisor, that all foreseeable hazards have been considered and all the necessary actions have been taken. It must be in the possession of the person in charge of the work before work can commence.

The authorising manager must specify:

The exact nature of the work. Where the work can take place. The names of each of the workers authorised to carry out the work. The date and time that work can start. The period of time the permit is valid for. The control measures that must be in place before, during and after the work.


Any restrictions. Any other permits that may be relevant.

The authorising manager signs the permit to formally confirm that all necessary precautions have been taken and that work can now start, provided the necessary precautions are adhered to.

Typical Permit Systems

Hot Work Permit systems are commonly used to control hot work where naked flames will be used (e.g. propane, butane or oxy-acetylene torches) or where a significant ignition source will be created (e.g. welding or grinding operations). Cutting with oxyacetylene requires a permit to work!

Typical precautions for control of hot work:

Flammable materials are removed from the work area. Items that cannot be removed are covered with fire-retardant blankets. Floor is swept clean. Wooden floor is damped down. A suitable fire extinguisher is at hand. A “fire-watcher” is present in the area. The work area is visited routinely after the work has finished to check the area for

smouldering.


21. Slips, Trips and Falls

Slips, trips and falls are the most common cause of non-fatal major injury accidents, and are potentially the most avoidable if everyone plays their part. You can make a difference and help reduce the incidence of such accidents.

Apply the following basic principles to relevant locations:

Floors and gangways:

Keep clean, dry and not slippery. Good drainage in wet processes. Suitable footwear or working platforms provided where necessary. Ramps kept dry and with non-skid surfaces. Gangways and roadways well marked and kept clear. Level, even surfaces without holes. Floor load capacities posted in lofts, storage areas etc. Salting / sanding and sweeping of outdoor routes during icy or frosty conditions. Steps, corners and fixed obstacles clearly marked e.g. by black and yellow diagonal

strips. Floor openings, e.g. vehicle examination pits kept covered when not in use and the

edges clearly marked. Keep floors free of trailing cables, leads and hoses. Ensure mats are securely fixed and do not have curling edges.

Apply the following to stairs:

Always treat with caution – use the handrail if possible. The surfaces of each step must be kept clean, clear, maintained with adequate lighting. Outside steps and stairs can be made slippery from leaves, moss and weather

conditions e.g. rain, snow and frost – report. Be careful when carrying items up and down stairs – keep view clear.


General Prevention:

To gain access to high shelves use a proper set of steps or a kick stool. Drawers of filing cabinets and desks should never be left open when not in use. Sensible footwear should be worn and should be appropriate for the task, under-foot

conditions and surfaces. If safety footwear is provided it must be worn. Never use a stool / chair as a means of access. Report defective lighting immediately, whether indoors or outdoors. Vision panels in doors must never be obscured. Look out for and obey all warning signs or notices. Position equipment to avoid cables crossing pedestrian routes. Keep passageways clear and unobstructed. Storage – a place for everything and everything in its place. Have a winter salting plan in place for all appropriate locations.

Always walk… Don’t run

Reference Material:

The HSE publication entitled ‘Preventing slips, trips and falls at work’ which is protected by crown copyright is an essential reference for those managing, maintaining or refurbishing existing locations, for those planning new locations, or in fact anyone interested in accident prevention. It deals not only with basic prevention of slips, trips and falls but also:

Examines slip and trip risks. Good working practice. Cleaning and maintenance. Lighting / floors. Footwear.


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22. Streets Works

Street works is a high risk area and must be managed in accordance with the Street Works (NI) Order 1995 and the Road Traffic Regulations Order (NI) 1997 and other relevant guidance.

When carrying out street works:

Ensure staff receive appropriate training, instruction, information and supervision to undertake the work safely. To include the proposed type of work and road conditions such as:

The type and classification of the road

Road width

The size and shape of the site

Approaches to the site and visibility for traffic

The volume and type of traffic (include pedestrians / cyclist activity)

The speed limit

Nature of work to be undertaken

Before you start the works the site layout has been planned with the necessary equipment identified and you know how to set the site out. The layout looks at the:

Road – visibility for road users approaching works, complex junctions, etc.

Traffic – speed limit, type or make-up of traffic, cycle or bus lane affected, etc.

Local area – restrict access to premesis, emergency services, etc

Pedestrians – are there safe routes, adeqaute protection (barriers), etc.

What might change – rush hour traffic, school run parking & weather conditions

Undertake a specific risk assessment to identifying key hazards, risk involved, persons affected and key control measures.

The works team must understand and implement all key safety issues, specific risk assessment, safe working methods to ensure works remains compliant and safe


22. Streets Works (continued)

Ensure the safety of yourself and others who pass near or through the works

Where it may be necessary to temporary close a footpath or road then permission must be granted by the Road Authority

Street / road works exceptions may apply where the code of practice & regulations do not apply. Nevertheless work on or adjacent to the road is high risk and all reasonable precautions must be implemented. If in doubt ask your manager.

Signs & equipment:


23. Waste Management

The waste recycling sector is constantly developing with new technology and the latest items for recycling being introduced. The Council in conjunction with the HSENI and WISHNI are working to improve and promote health & safety standards in order to reduce and control risk both to staff and others.

Recycling Centre / Landfill / Transfer Station - staff must:

Complete their induction to include site rules, traffic management, PPE plus relevant information and instruction to reflect safe site, safe user and safe vehicle.

Read, understand and signed of the risk assessment and safe systems of work for their site being familiar with the key hazards, risks, persons affected and controls

Maintain a safe site by:

Maintaining good housekeeping – walkways and drive routes remain free of obstructions, damage or uneven surfaces to avoid trip or slip hazards. Report defects to Line Manager

Ensure control measures to segregate vehicles and pedestrians are in working order and effective – walkways, markings, bollards, barriers, etc.

Vehicle control measures remain effective such as ramps, signage, adequate lighting, one way system, etc.

Maintain a safe user by:

Ensure children remain in their vehicle and pedestrians, and staffs do not enter exclusion zones during reversing operations (banksman if required).

Clear signage and road markings to direct public, employees, and contractors towards traffic routes to drop-off zones / unloading bays

Assist users as required especially vulnerable persons (elderly / disabled)

Only authorised and trained staff to operate plant or equipment.

Maintain a safe vehicle by:

Only competent and authorised person with appropriate licence to drive vehicles

Vehciles regularly maintained and driver to complete daily checks and report defects to line manager


23. Waste Management (continued)

Person moving skips, containers or their trained assistant (banksman) must be familiar with and adhere to the safe system of work

Reversing of vehicles is limited to designated areas and a banksman used if applicable. If the driver loses sight of the banksman they must stop.

Staff must complete and implement manual handling awareness training

Ensure good personal hygiene is maintained, wash hands before eating, etc.

Avoid manually lifting either heavy or ackward loads. If necessary use mechanical aids or seek help.

Never remove guards from plant or equipment with out isolating the power source. Note maintenance must be carried out by a competent person only.


23. Waste Management (continued)

Refuse Collection

The driver of vehicles must be authorised and competent with appropriate licence. They must maintain their CPC training, where relevant.

The driver will complete a daily vehicle check and report defects to Manager

The driver and operatives involved in refuse collection will familiarise themselves with the risk assessments including route risk assessments and safe systems of work to identify key hazards, risks, persons affected and control measures.

The driver must comply with the ‘Highway Code’ and Driver Handbook and drive safely as per road conditions e.g. adverse weather conditions or greasy road surface

A trained banksman will assist the driver when reversing and must keep a line of sight at all times or stop.

Operators to carryout a dynamic risk assessment of their ever changing working enviornment such as weather conditions, vehicle movement, aggressive dogs or members of the public and take appropriate steps to reduce or control the risk.

Operatives must wear and maintain their PPE provided including the cleaning of high visibility clothing.

All accidents and incidents (damage only or near miss) must be reported using forms provided ( Accident Report OHS 001 or Road Traffic Collision OHS 024)

Do not take alochol, illegal drugs or medication which will affect your ability to drive

You must inform your manager if you have a medical condition which affects your ability to drive

Litter Picking

Staff trained and provided with relevant information & instruction for litter picking

Read, understand and signed of the litter picking risk assessment to identify key hazards, risks, persons affected and control measures.

Additional control measures for litter picking on road verge:

Warning signage displayed (Litter Picking)


Ensure that you can be seen by traffic, litter pick facing on coming traffic

Collection vehicle with flashing beacon / chevrons at rear

Additional precautions e.g. blind bend have someone on the opposite side to raise awarenesss to other road users of litter pickers nearby.

Ensure good light and avoid peak times

Litter pickers must wear and maintain their PPE –

high visibility clothing, gloves, safety footwear and waterproof clothing

Ensure good personal hygiene is maintained, wash hands before eating, etc.

Staff trained in manual handling technique and if necessary ask for help when lifting heavier items. Fly tipping should be reported and additional support provided

Staff should keep within a line of sight of each other where reasonably practical. Where this is not practical then contact by mobile every 10 minutes.

Do not use personal stereos due to distraction and dulling the sound of vehicles

Do not over fill bags, approximately 1/3 full and tie

Never place sharps (needles) into plastic bag instead place in sharps container

Avoid bending or direct contact with items of waste instead use litter pickers

Avoid exposing the face, eyes & skin to scratches from thorns or branches

Avoid litter picking in poor visibility or adverse weather conditions


24. Work Equipment / Machinery Safety (General)

General requirements applicable to all work equipment:

All work equipment must be suitable for the work to be carried out

Regular maintenance of equipment by a competent person; clean and lubricate as required

Carryout a daily visual inspection and report defects.

Only authorised, trained & competent persons to operate equipment

Always use guards and other safety devices as per manufactures instructions

Always maintain good housekeeping at workstation to avoid trip hazards

Always isolate the machine if removing an obstruction, cleaning or maintenance

Always use as per manufactures instructions and intended use

Safety signs should be followed, maintained and obsolete signs removed

DOT NOT use fault equipment / machinery, report immediately to line manager

Never clean, touch or lubricate moving parts and keep out of the DANGER ZONE

Never interfere with or over-ride any safety devices

Only competent and qualified personnel to carryout maintenance


24. Equipment / Machinery Safety (continued)

Abrasive Wheels

Abrasive Wheels used for grinding or cutting (concrete saw, grinder & bench grinder)

Operator must be authorised, trained & competent

Select the right abrasive wheel for the task e.g. a grinding disc for grinding, steel cutting disc, stone cutting disc, etc.

When replacing the disc ensure the correct diameter is selected and fits the centre spindle snugly.

The wheel must be correctly mounted by a competent person

and run at the appropriate speed

Ensure the guards are robust, secure and maintained.

PPE must be worn – goggles or full-face visor, hearing protection, hand / arm protection and depending on task respiratory protection (dust mask).

Carryout a visual inspection prior to use DO NOT USE FAULTY EQUIPMENT

Be aware of your working environment, risk of fire from flammable substances / materials; position of colleagues, etc.

When using conccrete saw, ensure that the petrol mix is stored sefely and away from ignition sources.


The abrasive wheel must not run in excess of the maximum permissible speed24.

Equipment / Machinery Safety (continued)

Woodwork equipment

Only persons authorised, trained &

competent to use woodwork equipment

Training to include, hazards, risk, controls, relevant regulations & how to use guards, controls and safety devices correckly.

Equipment must be of good construction, sound material and regularly maintained.

Easy access to controls by machinist. Automatic brake to stop machine within 10 seconds or less.

All danger zones must be guarded to the greatest practical extent to allow the work to be done

Ensure good housekeeping with sufficient clear and unobstructive working space

There must be adequate natural or artificial light and a reasonable temperature (min. 13oC)

PPE to include: hearing, eye, respiratory and vibration or skin protection as required



Chainsaw

Operating a chainsaw can be very dangerous if used incorrectly exposing staff to safety and health risks. Health problems may include hearing loss or vibration white finger and safety problems amputation or impact from falling branches.

When using a chainsaw you must:

Be authorised, competent and familiar with the manufactures operating instructions.

Ensure the chainsaw is in good working order and properly maintained

Ensure the chain is lubricated, sharp and correctly tensioned

The saw should be started on level ground with the chain brake engaged

To prevent kick back avoid the guide bar accidently being in contact with obstructions

The chainsaw operator must maintain correct stance & safe system of work

Avoid over-reaching. Keep the saw below chest height and use the appropriate chain speed for the material being cut.

All bystanders must keep a safe distance & avoid distracting the chainsaw operator

Maintain good housekeeping to avoid trip hazards

Always use PPE when using the chainsaw including:

Chainsaw safety helmet with full face visor & ear defenders

Chainsaw gloves

Chainsaw trousers or chaps and boots


Note: No PPE can ensure 100% protection against cutting by a handheld chainsaw.

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Compactor

There is the horizontal compactor for compressing waste into an enclosed skip which is fed from a hopper filled by the public. The vertical compactor is for compacting recyclable materials such as cardboard and loaded into the chamber by Council staff. Main hazards associated with compactors include:

Mechanical – moving parts, rams, closing lids/doors

Struck by a vehicle, container or compressed waste material

Trapped or crushed between the container & fixed object

Poor housekeeping – slip & fall

Manual handling

Electrical

Noise

When using a compactor you must:

Be authorised, trained and familiar with the

manufactures operating instructions, and safety controls.

Ensure all safety devices / controls are in good working order. Do not use faulty equipment – report defects to your line manager

Stay alert; keep out of the Danger Zone when skip is being changed or unloading of bale.

Regularly maintain good housekeeping

Always use PPE – safety footwear & gloves

Do not enter into the Danger Zone, do not put yourself at risk.

If there is a blockage or fault STOP, THINK & ACT. If in doubt consult your line manager.

Isolate power source if carrying out maintainance or clearing a blockage


25. Workplace / Welfare Provision

The Council has obligations to provide a safe place of work with adequate welfare facilities. Their premises including fixtures and fittings will be maintained to avoid risk of injury to staff, members of the public and contractors.

Working Environment

Premises to be adequately ventilated and temperature control (16oC)

Ensure there is sufficient lighting for the task

Floors and walkways suitably constructed and maintained. Report defects to line manager. All walkways must be kept clear and free of obstructions

Maintain good housekeeping, keep workstations clean and tidy

Welfare Facilities

Adequate number of sanitary conveniences with sufficient washing facilities including hot / cold water, soap & drying facilities. Must be ventilated, lit & kept clean

Provision of drinking water

Provide accommodation for clothing and PPE such as lockers. PPE should not be left in a workshop where pest or dust may contaminate them.

Provision of restroom to eat meals or rest and should be kept clean

Housekeeping

Premises, workstations and equipment should be kept clean and tidy. Everything has a place and when not being used should be returned to its proper place.

Waste bins should be emptied daily to an outside receptacle


26. Working at Height

Working at height is responsible for the biggest cause of death within the workplace and is any place above or below ground level where a person could be injured if they fall from that place. It includes access and egress to a place of work.

Staff should be trained and competent to work safely at height

Before working at height consider can it be avoided or is there an alternative such as working from ground level

If unavoidable then you must carefully plan and select the most suitable work equipment for working at height. When selecting the work equipment consider:

The height of the task

Duration and type of work

Frequency

Location including ground surface / stability

Types of working and lifting equipment to facilitate

Ladder / step-ladder

Standard scaffolding* or tower scaffolding*

Mobile elevated working platform (MEWP*) – scissor lift / cherry picker / telehandler

Accessories – harness, lanyard, snap hooks, etc.


*Only staff who have been trained and authorised can operate or assemble working at height equiment.


Complete or familiarise yourself with the task risk assessment to identify the hazrads, risk, persons affected & suitable control measures

Ensure you have safe access / egress

Where reasonably practical implement collective control measures such as a platform with guard rails and toeboards.

All lifting and working equipment must be regularly maintained by a competent person and a visual inspection by the user before use.

26. Working at Height (continued)

Do Not Use defective equipment and report faults to your Line Manager

Ensure personal fall arrest system is used when operating a cherry picker / scissor lift such as a harness / lanyard

Statutory inspection certificate should be available for scissor lift / cherry picker and lifting accessories.

Review working at height to reflect weather conditions

Ladders / step ladders can be used for light work of short duration(30 minutes) and must be used safely. The following guidance should be adhered to:

Secure and stable – gradient 1:4 ratio, footed at base or tied

Must extend at least 1meter above the stepping off point

Regularly maintained and visual inspection prior to use

Maintain three points of contact

Do not work of the ladder top 3 rungs and step-ladder top 2 steps unless a handrail is available

Avoid side-on working, over reaching or carrying heavy equipment

Store correctly after use


Induction Training

Initial Induction - undertaken by the Line Manager include: Familiarisation with premises, tasks, equipment, welfare facilities & emergency arrangements (first aid, fire, accident reporting, etc.). Relevant documentation e.g. Health & Safety Policy, risk assessments, safe systems of work or other relevant information / instruction relating to the task

Corporate Induction - undertaken by the HSU include:Employee & employer responsibilities Overview of the Council health & safety management systemHealth & Safety PolicyAssessing hazards & risk arising from the work activity

27. Training

All staff must have adequate training to undertake their tasks effectively and safely. In practice low risk jobs may only require buddy training where as high risk tasks will require more formal specific training. The Manager will liaise with the Training Officer / HR to determine the type, level, frequency, whether the training should be accredited, unaccredited or mandatory and any other requirements.

Health and Safety training will consist of the following:

Training Records will be maintained by the relevant Manager in the form of a training matrix and by HR using a central data base. HR will keep a copy of training certificates in the individual personnel file and return the original to staff.


2. Job Specific Training

Job Specific - undertaken by the Line Manager include: Safe systems of work(SSOW) describing how the task will

be carried out safely in a logical order The task risk assessment will identify key hazards;

associated risk; persons affected & control measures The individual will be responsible for implementing the

SSOW, risk assessments and control measures (include safety devices & PPE)

3. Specialist Training

Specialist Training coordinated and arranged by the relevant Manager and HR to identify the type, level & competency required. The training may be undertaken by third party or in-house depending on specialty. Examples of training include: first aid, manual handling, fire warden, working at height, etc.

4. Management Training

Management Training - undertaken by the HSU or third party and focus on accident prevention and monitoring of health & safety standards

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28. Road Safety

Personnel who drive as part of their job for Council must comply with the ‘Driver Handbook’ which theme is safe driver, safe vehicle and safe journey.

The Line Manager will carryout a driver risk assessment with relevant staff to identify hazards, associated risk, persons affected and practical control measures.

Only authorised persons with the appropriate licence will be allowed to drive a Council vehicle.

Large good vehicles may require the Driver Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) training. The Manager will liaise with the driver to determine if exceptions are applicable or if Council will facilitate CPC training.

The responsible person will ensure insurance, tax and PSV is current for Council vehicles

All drivers who drive for Council must hold a full UK driving licence.

The drivers of private vehicles must ensure tax, business insurance and MOT certificate is current where applicable.

Drivers must report to your line manager the following:

Medical conditions which may impair driving ability

Road traffic collision (RTC) or incident

Under the influence of illegal drugs, alcohol or prescribed medication which may impair driving ability.

Fines or endorsements for driving offences

The driver is responsible for the vehicle and must ensure it is roadworthy.

The driver of Council vehicles will complete a daily checklist and report defects to line manager

The driver to complete a RTC Report (OHS 023) following a traffic collision

The driver of privately own vehicles will complete a regular check on their vehicles to ensure it is roadworthy.

Both Council / privately owned vehicles must be regularly maintained by a competent person

28. Road Safety (continued)


Do not use handheld mobile phones while driving, waiting at traiffic lights or in a traffic queue. If you must use the phone then pull over or divert calls to voice mail

Avoid distractions when driving such as eating, changing the radio or other forms of distraction which could cause an accident


29. Vibration

Exposure to frequent and regular high levels of vibration either hand-arm or whole-body may lead to permanent, debilitating health effects such as ‘white finger.’

Therefore the following precautions will be implemented:

The Line Manager will assess the risk arising from the use of power tools, equipment and processes and introduce adequate controls to reduce ill-health effects

Reduce exposure to a minimum, below the exposure limit value (see HSPD 038)

Implement preventative control measures such as job rotation, regular maintenance, procurement of equipment with minimum vibration, PPE, etc.

Provide information, instruction and training on the risk and control measures

Health surveilliance will be considered if and when exposure reaches the ‘exposure action value.’

Individuals who observe tingling or whitening in their fingers should report this to their Line Manager who may refer them to Occupational Health or their GP

Council will identify and monitor individuals exposed to vibration and review risk assessment annually or sooner if required


30. Occupational Health

Occupational health (OH) is “the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers within the workplace.”

OH is concerned with the relationship between health and work. It examines how work and the working environment can affect employee health and work performance

The primary aims of OH are:

The prevention of ill-health

The early detection of any health problems

Early intervention for people off work on sickness absence

Health promotion

OH assists with the following (not an exhaustive list):

Pre-employment medicals

Health promotion

Health Surveillance

Medical advice and enquires

Fitness for work

Substance abuse

Counselling: relationship or financial difficulties, bereavement, drug & alcohol dependency, stress related ill health, etc.

Managers to identify and assess risk to health both physical and mental associated with the work activity. The following is not an exhaustive list of health hazards and their effects:

a. Physical Health Hazards / Effect:

Asbestos – asbestosis / lung cancer

Dust – occupational asthma

Noise – noise induced hearing loss / tinnitus

Vibration – hands-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) e.g. white finger


30. Occupational Health (continued)

Hazardous substances (chemicals) – Irritant / Allergic, Contact Dermatitis

Ultra violet light – skin melanoma

Manual handling operations – Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD)

Display screen equipment user – Work-related upper limbs disorder (WRULD)

Biological – e.g. hepatitis, leptosporisos, etc.

b. Mental Health Hazards / Effect:

Anxiety – loss of interest, poor concentration, low mood, etc.

Depression include psychological, physical and social symptoms

Stress

Eating disorders – anorexia

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Drug and alcohol abuse

Sleep problems

It is recognised that not all mental health problems are related to work but the effects of

work may adversely impact on the individual’s health or problems outside of work may

negatively impact on work performance. Council will manage mental health risk as they

would any other hazard.

The Line Manager has a central role to successfully managing mental health and well-

being within the workplace.

Promote workplace health through lifestyle factors such as healthy eating, physical

activity, addiction programmes, signposting and counselling as appropriate.

Working together across directorates involving the individual, Line Manager, HR,

Health and Safety Unit, Occupational Health Professional and other specialist as required.

There will also be a link between the various policies such as health and safety policy;

attendance policy; harassment / bullying policies etc.


59

30. Occupational Health (continued)Stress:

Work-related stress is ‘the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure or other

types of demand placed on them’.

It is not an illness but can lead to increased problems with ill health.

The Council will manage and control stress by the application and use of the HSE stress

management standards which reflect on the six primary stressors at work – Demands;

Control; Support; Relationships; Roles and Change.

The stress assessment will be reviewed every 2-3 years or sooner if necessary.

At work you can:

Talk to your Line Manager, if they don’t know there is a problem, they can’t help.

If you do not feel able to talk to them, you can contact a Trade Union Safety

Representative.

Use the Employee Counseling services

Support your colleagues if they are experiencing work-related stress, encourage them

to get help.

Speak to your GP.

What can you do out of work?

Eat healthily with a balanced diet and reduce calorie intake

Stop smoking

Try to keep within government recommendations for alcohol consumption.

Watch your caffeine intake.

Be physically active, take up a hobby or voluntary work

Learn relaxation techniques.

Talk to family and friends, they may be able to provide support.


30. Occupational Health (continued)Sun Safety (outdoor workers):

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in NI with over 2000 people being diagnosed with skin cancer each year.

There are different types of skin cancer with the most serious being malignant melanoma resulting in 300 cases annually. Early diagnosis is crucial.

There are 6 skin types from pale and burn easily, to dark which rarely burns. The majority of people in NI are type 1

Risk Factors include

Skin type Age Large number of moles (50 or more) History of skin cancer or sunburn

Outdoor workers are 3 -4 times more exposed to UV light and therefore at greater risk of developing skin cancer.

To reduce the risk outdoor workers must:

Cover-up or use sunscreen (SPF 15 or above) on exposed skin

especially ears, neck, face, hands and arms.

Always use PPE provided such as sunglasses and sun cap with suitable visor

During hot summer days staff should seek shade during breaks or peak exposure (12.00 – 15.00) where this is practical or cover-up combined with sunscreen on exposed skin.

Regularly apply sunscreen as required usually every 2 hours

Drink plenty of fluids to keep hydrated in

warmer weather

Carry out regular skin checks e.g. changes to

moles which grow or bleed and any other changes to skin.

If you have any concerns about the above

contact your GP for an appointment


31. Cash Handling

The Manager will assess the risk of violence arising from handling cash, persons affected and implement reasonable preventative control measures.

Use of credit or debit cards to minimise cash on premises

Provision of safe with time delay facility if necessary

Transfer excess cash to the safe regularly, keep the safe locked

and change the combination frequently. Do not allow large sums of cash to accumulate.

Signage to indicate that there is minimal cash on premises

Leave the cash till empty overnight

Before cashing up at the end of the working day secure the premises

If possible use professional cash collection services or vary your routine / route and bank regularly

Staff should be trained and instructed in the safe handling or transporting of cash.


I confirm that I have received a copy of this Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council Health and Safety Employee Handbook and have read and understand the requirements within.

Signed __________________

Dated___________________

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I confirm that I have received a copy of this Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council Health and Safety Employee Handbook and have read and understand the requirements within.

Signed __________________

Dated___________________


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