+ vietnam war introduction ms. marquardt pd. 3 - honors
TRANSCRIPT
+
Vietnam War IntroductionMs. MarquardtPd. 3 - Honors
+Bell Ringer: Tues. 12/ 20/ 2011Infer & Predict:
1) What kind of war would make a soldier feel this way?
2) What country do you think this soldier was from?
3) What do you think he was fighting for?
Dear Mom and Dad,
Today we went on a mission, and I am not very proud of myself, my friends, or my country.
+The Vietnam War ____ - 1975
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
Why did we get involved in another war overseas?
What were our primary motives?
What was the outcome?
Was it a just / fair war?
+The Vietnam War (in short) Nearly a decade long
Began with a revolutionary movement in Vietnam (a tiny, peasant country) to fight for independence
It was a war of modern military technology (U.S.) vs. organized human beings (Vietnam)
The human beings won
The Vietnam war created the biggest anti-war movement the U.S. had ever seen
+Vietnam Basics Location:
In Southeast Asia, near Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and parts of China
Population 83 Million People Mostly Buddhist Strong minority of
Catholics
Resources Very fertile, hot and wet
climate, many resources
+Vietnam History (Key Points)
Before WWII, France controlled Vietnam
+WWI & Vietnam At the end of WWI, American
President Woodrow Wilson promises to end colonialism.
A young Ho Chi Minh (Communist leader) attends Versaillies Conference hoping to gain Vietnamese Independence from France.
Ho Chi Minh led a revolutionary movement for independence from foreign control
Viet Minh – founded by Ho Chi Minh. Communist/Nationalist
group that opposed the French and later Japanese.
Nationalism – pride in your country, desire for independent homeland for your people.
+Bell Ringer: Wed. 12/21/2011
Choose one of the people you see in this picture. Write what you think they were seeing / feeling.
A critically wounded marine is aided by other marines from "B" Company, September 16th, 1966, two miles South of the de-militarized zone.
+WWII & Vietnam At the beginning of the War,
French still control Vietnam. Vietnamese resistance grows.
Ho Chi Minh Leader of the Viet Minh Wants an independent
Vietnam Opposes French,
Japanese, and AMERICAN
Millions rejoice that their country is free of foreign control at last!
+Declaring Independence
WW2 Ends and September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent !! Ho Chi Minh reads from US Declaration of Independence
Some see Ho Chi Minh’s Declaration of Independence as evidence of being a nationalist rather than being a communist. They refer to this example has him expressing his interest in having a relationship with the United States.
BUT, the French want Indochina back, and they do not recognize Vietnamese independence. Reclaim colony.
What should the US do? Support Vietnamese or help France regain its colonial empire?
+Divided American State Department
European Experts in American Government support backing France.
STOP spread of Communism in Asia !!
Asia Experts in American Government support backing Ho Chi Minh
Feel he is a Nationalist
PRO - WAR ANTI - WAR
SO? US Backs France. Truman Adminstration then Eisenhower Administration back France. Due to the following factors:-Korean War, Loss of China to communists, Idea of stopping communism, Cold War, Strong France helps stop communism in Western Europe, Containment, and belief that Ho Chi Minh was more of a communist than nationalist!!
+Other interests / benefits for the US…??
A secret US govt. memo from 1952 talked about SE Asia’s valuable resources:
Rubber
Tin
Oil
were important to the US … if the Vietnam govt. won against France and took over they might be hostile towards the US and not trade with us (Oh NO!)
+First Indo-China War 1945-1954
France vs. Viet Minh French try to keep Vietnam, Viet Minh fight for
Independence 70% of French costs are paid by US
Dien Bien Phu 1954 Final defeat of French by Vietnamese, French
Surrender
1954 Geneva Conference End Hostilities between French and Vietnamese Temporarily divide Vietnam at 17th parallel until
French leave. Elections in 1956
+If Vietnam turns Communist…
Containment theory fails (NOO!)
Domino Theory, fear of monolithic (solid block) communist alliance of China, Vietnam, and USSR
+South Vietnam
Instead of supporting Geneva Agreement and allowing unification elections and a Communist victory, US supports creation of a non-Communist, South Vietnam.
American war in Vietnam is fought to keep South Vietnam Non-Communist!
+JFK & Vietnam
Views Vietnam as important to Cold War like Truman and Eisenhower
Begins Escalation of Troops
Overall picture unsure due to assassination
JFK believed the best way to stop communists in Vietnam was to build South Vietnam into a nation.
+Ngo Dinh Diem
First leader of South Vietnam
Nationalist but strongly anti-Communist
Catholic
Receives strong support from Eisenhower & Kennedy Massive military and financial aid
from US Brutal to communists
Upsets Buddhist Majority
Brother & Sister-in-Law are unpopular
Adminstration is very corrupt
+Assassination of Diem
November 1963
Kennedy either knew of the plot and ignored it or supported it.
South Vietnamese government would never be stable.
Increased American involvement in South Vietnam’s Internal Affairs.
+Check in # 1
When Eisenhower left office, less than 1,000 US soldiers were in Vietnam
At the time of Kennedy’s assassination (1963), over 16,000 solders were in Vietnam.
By 1969, Vietnam had 543,000 US soliders
Many of the solders under JFK were Special Forces and under Johnson, regular ground troops were introduced.
+Golf of Tonkin Resolution President Lyndon B. Johnson took over after Kennedy
assassinated.
North Vietnamese “attack” on two US ships in the Gulf of Tonkin is Johnson’s excuse to get congressional approval for major escalation in Vietnam.
TERMS: Hanoi – refers to North Vietnamese government NVA – North Vietnamese Army VC/Charlie- Viet Cong: Communist rebels in South Vietnam ARVN – South Vietnamese Army POW – Prisoner of War MIA – Missing in Action
+Who did America Fight in Vietnam?
Viet Cong
North Vietnamese Army
Both groups were heavily supplied from USSR via China
+Johnson & Limited War
Johnson was afraid of conflict spreading to involve USSR & China.
Strict rules of engagement – limited targets for US Troops and Air Strikes
Areas of North Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos North Vietnamese Communists can attack, move supplies from
and retreat AMERICAN TROOPS CANNOT GO
North Vietnam Wants a unified, Communist Vietnam Wants Americans Out Wants One Vietnam
+Early American Support for War in Vietnam Americans initially
supported the war Hit Song “The Green
Berets” Public is told troops will
be home soon, and the war is almost over.
Vietnam is the first war that is heavily covered by television networks. American public sees
daily images of casualties Public begins to turn
against the war.
+Escalation
Johnson attempts to limit the war while at the same time constantly increasing the number of soldiers in Vietnam
Over 500,000 soldiers by 1969
LBJ would attempt negotiations at the same time he would scale back offensive operations in Vietnam North Vietnamese take
advantage of this.
+Tet Offensive
Tet – most important holiday in Vietnam, Vietnamese New Year. It is the most popular festival in Vietnam.
1968 Cease Fire
1968 Viet Cong attack every
major US base in South Vietnam
North Vietnamese Army takes city of Hue and kills many inhabitants.
US Embassy in Saigon is attacked.
+Effects of Tet
Major Military victory for the US
Viet Cong is devasted
American media turns against the war.
American public turns against the war.
Political and psychological victory for North Vietnam.
American Anti-War Movement Strong anti-war movement in US War divides American population
+Richard Nixon
Elected in 1968
Claims to have a “secret plan” to end war in Vietnam
+Cambodia
Neutral
Viet Cong & North Vietnamese use Cambodia as a sanctuary
US troops cannot enter
Cambodian government is powerless from preventing Communists from entering
Bad history between Vietnam & Cambodia
+Nixon & Cambodia
Nixon: Supports coup that puts
strong anti-Communist government in charge
Expands conflict Secretly bombs and
invades Cambodia
Bombing & Invasion fails to make any significance in war Cambodian communists go
deeper into Cambodia Vietnamese were using
Cambodia to attack Americans
Public Opinion: War is illegal Public is outraged at
expansion of the conflict Massive protests
+Nixon & Ending Vietnam War
Uses combination of increased bombing of North Vietnam and Secret Negotations
Diplomacy with China and USSR
Vietnamization – Nixon’s Plan
Turn the war over to the South Vietnamese Train & equip South Vietnamese to fight the North US Troops withdraw Last US troops leave by 1973
South Vietnam Betrayed? South Vietnam is promised that the US would send troops, money, and
supplies if North Vietnamese launched a massive attack. Nixon resigns due to Watergate Congress and American people do not support further involvement
+1975 & Results of War
North Vietnam takes over South Vietnam US doesn’t prevent the take over. Vietnam is unified under one communist state
Results: 60,000 Americans killed US reluctant to use military power American public is divided Americans don’t trust government Vietnam is Communist Cambodia falls to Communists
Khmer Rouge/Cambodian Communist take power Pol Pot is leader Killing Fields – Genocide of 1/3 of the Cambodian population Vietnam invades and occupies Cambodia to defeat Khmer Rouge
+Vietnam & China
1979 War between Vietnam & China
China improved relations with US after Nixon’s visit
Vietnam moved closer to USSR
China supports Khmer Rouge and is upset that Vietnam defeats it.
China attempts to invade Vietnam to “teach lesson” Chinese leave after 1 month Vietnamese put up much stronger fight than Chinese
expected
+Bell Ringer: Tues. 1/10/2012
Martin Luther King, Jr. was one of the most outspoken opponents of the Vietnam War. He said:
“There comes a time when silence is betrayal.”
1) What do you think he meant? Put this quote in your own words.
2) Think of a situation, personally meaningful to you, where this quote would apply.
+TODAY WE WILL:See & Respond
SEE images of the Vietnam War / MLK Jr. & the protest movement in the late 60s
You will RESPOND: Choose a role to step into.
Examples: a protester, MLK Jr, the president, a Vietnamese civilian
Write a poem or a short creative piece in the voice of this person…
we will have to guess who you are.
+Bell Ringer: Wed. 1/11/2012
IMAGINE you are a teenager in the late 1960s…
Knowing what you know now about the results of the Vietnam War, what position would you have taken on the war? FOR or AGAINST ?
What would you have done to make your voice heard?
+WORK that is DUE / LATE :
Winter Break packet / Women’s DBQ (30pts.)
Wrap-up questions on Vietnam War (20 pts.)
+Final Exam Preview: You will get study guides tomorrow…
HOLOCAUST
Anti-Communist efforts Berlin Airlift Korean War Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam War
Overarching THEMES ? Patterns in US Policy ?
Prep review by watching KHAN Academy video & Take notes (You write what he writes…)
+Until the Final Exam on Thurs. 1/19 We will be reading about the aftermath of the Vietnam
War and how it connects to what is going on in the US / World today
We will watch a fascinating documentary about a few counter-cultural rebels in the US “the Weather Underground”
We’ll review for the final so bring any questions you may have !!
+Closing Questions
On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following: How was Tet a turning point in the Vietnam War? How did TV affect people’s view of the Vietnam War? What country did President Nixon expand the Vietnam War
into? Which US President is associated with escalating the
number of US troops in Vietnam? What year did the last US troops leave Vietnam?