{{U.S HISTORYU.S HISTORY

Standard 4 reviewStandard 4 review

The student will demonstrate an The student will demonstrate an understanding of the industrial development understanding of the industrial development and the consequences of that development on and the consequences of that development on society and politics during the second half of society and politics during the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. centuries.

USHC-4USHC-4

Summarize the impact that government policy and Summarize the impact that government policy and the construction of the transcontinental railroads the construction of the transcontinental railroads had on the development of the national market and had on the development of the national market and on the culture of Native American peoples.on the culture of Native American peoples.

USHC 4.1USHC 4.1

Railroad’s Impact on Railroad’s Impact on BusinessBusiness

Action Impact

Acquisition of Western

lands

Railroads move to build

Transcontinental Railroad

Government Policies

that aided railroad

construction

1. Land Grants

2.Subsidies

For the Railroads…

Cheap land 

Cheap money

Impact of the Transcontinental Impact of the Transcontinental RailroadRailroad

Railroad’s Impact on BusinessRailroad’s Impact on Business

Action Impact

 Building the Transcontinent

al Railroad

Rise of new industries

1. Coal2. Steel

3. Lumber4. Railroad

Cars5. Meatpacking

New industries

Rise of the national market

Impact of the Transcontinental Impact of the Transcontinental RailroadRailroad

Railroads Impact on Railroads Impact on Native AmericansNative Americans

Action Impact

Acquisition of Western lands

Reservation system

Transcontinental Railroad

Assimilation of the Native

Americans

Impact of the Transcontinental Impact of the Transcontinental RailroadRailroad

Railroads Impact on Railroads Impact on Native AmericansNative Americans

Action Impact

Arrival of Western Settlers

Accelerate assimilation

through Severalty

Severalty

Destruction of the Indian Reservation

System

Land is divided

among Native AmericanFamilies

Impact of the Transcontinental Impact of the Transcontinental RailroadRailroad

Analyze the factors that influenced the economic growth Analyze the factors that influenced the economic growth of the United States and its emergence as an industrial of the United States and its emergence as an industrial power, including the abundance of natural resources; power, including the abundance of natural resources; government support and protection in the form of government support and protection in the form of railroad subsidies, tariffs, and labor policies; and the railroad subsidies, tariffs, and labor policies; and the expansion of international markets.expansion of international markets.

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FACTORFACTOR ACTIONACTION IMPACTIMPACT

Natural Resources 1.iron ore2.coal3.lumber

Building of the Transcontinental Railroad.

RAW materials for Industry

Government Support Subsidies to

RAILROADS Free LAND to settlers

Cheap LOANS to Railroad Companies

Westward MIGRATION

PROTECTIVE Tariff HIGH tariffs on imports

Protected AMERICAN industry from foreign COMPETITION

Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic GrowthGrowth

FACTORFACTOR ACTIONACTION IMPACTIMPACT

Labor Policy RELAXED immigration policies

 

Government BREAKS UP strikes

ABUNDANCE of labor

 

Protect the BUSINESS owners

Development of International Markets

Expansion into the PACIFIC

Annexation of HAWAII

Spanish American WAR

New MARKETS to sell U.S. markets

Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic Factors that Influenced U.S. Economic GrowthGrowth

Evaluate the role of capitalism and its impact on Evaluate the role of capitalism and its impact on democracy, including the ascent of new industries, democracy, including the ascent of new industries, the increasing availability of consumer goods and the increasing availability of consumer goods and the rising standard of living, the role of the rising standard of living, the role of entrepreneurs, the rise of business through entrepreneurs, the rise of business through monopoly and the influence of business ideologies.monopoly and the influence of business ideologies.

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Entrepreneurs used new TECHNOLOGY and Entrepreneurs used new TECHNOLOGY and business TACTICS to create corporations that business TACTICS to create corporations that

controlled their industry.controlled their industry.

Rise of Entrepreneurs and Big Rise of Entrepreneurs and Big BusinessBusiness

Andrew CARNEGIEAndrew CARNEGIE

Business US STEEL

VERTICAL Integration

Controlling all aspects of production

Tactics Used:

PURCHASED MINES

PURCHASED RAILROADS

CREATED A MONOPOLY

How They Made Their How They Made Their MoneyMoney

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits

Steel mills

Ships

Railroads

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

John ROCKEFELLERJohn ROCKEFELLER

Business STANDARD OIL

HORIZONTAL Integration

“Buying Out the Competition”

Tactics Used

KICKBACKS

REBATES

UNDERCUT THE COMPETITION

How They Made Their How They Made Their MoneyMoney

Coke fields

Iron ore deposits

Steel mills

Ships

Railroads

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

purchased by

Carnegie

Vertical IntegrationVertical Integration You control all phases of production from the raw material to the finished

product

Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration Buy out your competition until you have control of a

single area of industry

MonopoliesMonopolies

Justified by : Justified by : SOCIAL DARWINISM survival of the fittest in the SOCIAL DARWINISM survival of the fittest in the

business world business world

LAISSEZ FAIRE “hands off” the economy by the LAISSEZ FAIRE “hands off” the economy by the governmentgovernment

How They Made Their How They Made Their MoneyMoney

Impact:Impact: INCREASE in the availability of consumer INCREASE in the availability of consumer

goodsgoods

Increase in the U.S. STANDARD of livingIncrease in the U.S. STANDARD of living

Creation of business MONOPOLIESCreation of business MONOPOLIES

New INDUSTRIESNew INDUSTRIES

How They Made Their How They Made Their MoneyMoney

Explain the impact of industrial growth and business Explain the impact of industrial growth and business cycles on farmers, workers, immigrants, labor unions, cycles on farmers, workers, immigrants, labor unions, and the Populist movement and the ways that theseand the Populist movement and the ways that these groups and the government responded to the economic groups and the government responded to the economic problems caused by industry and businessproblems caused by industry and business

USHC-4.4USHC-4.4

FarmersFarmers

Problem Action

1. Over-PRODUCTION  2. Falling PRICES

3. Farm MORTGAGED

Organize POLITICALLY

 Regulate

RAILROADSGranger Laws

Interstate COMMERCE

Act

Increase the supply of MONEY

Bimetallism

Creation of the POPULIST

Party

Impact of Industrial Impact of Industrial GrowthGrowth

Graduated INCOME taxGraduated INCOME tax

Secret BALLOTSecret BALLOT

Popular Election of SENATORSPopular Election of SENATORS

8-hour work day8-hour work day

Regulation of RAILROADSRegulation of RAILROADS

Goals of the PopulistsGoals of the Populists

William Jennings William Jennings Bryan’s CROSS of Bryan’s CROSS of Gold speech….. Gold speech….. Protect the Protect the FARMERSFARMERS

REPUBLICANS REPUBLICANS WINWIN

PIVITOL POINT Election of PIVITOL POINT Election of 18961896

LaborLabor

Problems Action

1. Long HOURS

2. UNSAFE conditions

3. Low WAGES

4. ABUNDANCE of labor

Support the

POPULIST party

 

Formation of LABOR

unions

First Labor Unions

 

1.KNIGHTS OF LABOR

 

 

2.A.F.L.

Weapons of Labor

 

1. STRIKE

  

2. COLLECTIVE bargaining

  

3. CLOSED Shop

Weapons of Business

 

1. YELLOW dog contracts

 

2. Hire SCABS

 

3. LOCKouts

 

4. BLACKlists

Railroad Railroad Strike of Strike of

18771877

Causes WAGES CUT

Results SENT TROOPS IN

TO STOP THE

STRIKE

SET PRECEDEN

T

Great StrikesGreat Strikes

HaymarkeHaymarket Striket Strike

Causes

RADICALS SET OFF

BOMB

Results

TURNED PUBLIC OPINON AGAINST KNIGHTS OF LABOR

Great StrikesGreat Strikes

Pullman Pullman StrikeStrike

Causes

WORKERS STRIKE

PULLMAN CLOSED PLANT

Results

SENT TROOPS TO STOP

THE STRIKE

Great StrikesGreat Strikes

Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in late nineteenth-century America, including the late nineteenth-century America, including the movement from farm to city, the changing movement from farm to city, the changing immigration patterns, the rise of ethnic immigration patterns, the rise of ethnic neighborhoods, the role of political machines, and neighborhoods, the role of political machines, and the migrationthe migration of African Americans to the North, of African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West. Midwest, and West.

USHC-4.5USHC-4.5

In the late nineteenth In the late nineteenth and early twentieth and early twentieth century, the United century, the United States was flooded with States was flooded with millions of “New millions of “New Immigrants” from Immigrants” from SOUTHERN and SOUTHERN and EASTERN EUROPEEASTERN EUROPE

Cites in the north were Cites in the north were also flooded with FREED also flooded with FREED men from the South that men from the South that moved North looking for moved North looking for economic opportunitieseconomic opportunities

Immigration and Immigration and UrbanizationUrbanization

They didn’t understand ENGLISH.They didn’t understand ENGLISH. Their home countries lacked traditions of Their home countries lacked traditions of

DEMOCRATIC government.DEMOCRATIC government.

Resentment of New Resentment of New ImmigrantsImmigrants

Their religions (CATHOLIC, JEW, BUDDHIST) Their religions (CATHOLIC, JEW, BUDDHIST) were largely alien to native born Americanswere largely alien to native born Americans

They provided a steady supply of CHEAP LABOR, They provided a steady supply of CHEAP LABOR, which undermined efforts by labor unions to get which undermined efforts by labor unions to get better wages.better wages.

In most cases, immigrants were too POOR to move In most cases, immigrants were too POOR to move beyond coastal cities, leading to the rise of densely beyond coastal cities, leading to the rise of densely populated ETHNIC neighborhoods. Immigrants populated ETHNIC neighborhoods. Immigrants relied on POLITICAL machines, led by party bosses, relied on POLITICAL machines, led by party bosses, to help them find jobs. to help them find jobs.

Resentment of New Resentment of New ImmigrantsImmigrants

Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive Movement in affecting social and political reforms in Movement in affecting social and political reforms in America, including the roles of the media and of America, including the roles of the media and of reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane Addams, and presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Addams, and presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.Woodrow Wilson.

USHC-4.6USHC-4.6

Jane Adams Started the HULL House to help immigrant families

Progressive MovementProgressive Movement

Teddy Roosevelt

Progressive President

“TRUST Buster”

“SQUARE Deal”

Broke up trusts and unfair business practices

Pure Created the FDA: FOOD and DRUG Act

MEAT Inspection ActPrompted by Upton Sinclair’s publication: The Jungle

COAL StrikeUsed the MILITARY to end a strike

Conservation: NATIONAL PARKS

Progressive MovementProgressive Movement

Woodrow Wilson

CLAYTON Antitrust Act

Strengthened the provisions of the Sherman Antitrust Act

Federal RESERVE Act

A central BANKING system created to regulate the MONETARY supply and INTERESTS RATES

Jacob Riis author of How the Other Half Lives

exposed the poor conditions in urban TENAMENTS (low-rent apartments) and SWEATSHOPS, where immigrants performed cheap labor

Progressive Amendments

16th GRADUATED INCOME TAX 

17TH DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS  

18TH PROHIBITION 

19th WOMAN’S SUFFRAGE