{The World of Islam

Chapter 6

{Chapter 6-1

The Rise of Islam

Arabian Peninsula: a desert land sorely lacking in rivers and lakes

Arabs are nomadic people in an hostile environment Broken up into tribes

Ruled by a Sheikh: leader chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders

Farmers and Sheepherders Used camel for Caravan Trade Carriers of major trade from the Indian Ocean

Polytheistic Believed in one supreme god Allah Worshiped Black Stone: meteorite placed in Makkah(Mecca)

The Arabs

Open to page 189

Look at the map

Answer questions 1 and 2 in your notes

Geography Skill Builder

Muhammad: Islamic prophet who received revelations from God

Angel Gabriel will reach out to him Allah reveled himself through Moses and Jesus Jewish and Christian Traditions Final revelation given to Muhammad

Founded the Islamic Religion Quran: holy book of the Islamic faith

Ethical guidelines and laws Islam: “peace through submission to the will of Allah

People who follow Islam are called Muslims

The Life of Muhammad

Supporters of Islam leave Mecca 622 C.E.=1st day of Islamic Calendar Muslims relocated to Medina: “City of the

Prophet” Hijrah: Journey to Medina 630 C.E. Muhammad attacked Mecca Hajj: All Muslims encouraged to make a

pilgrimage to Mecca

Conflict at Mecca

Monotheistic religion

Muhammad considered a man who was a prophet

Five Pillars of Islam: acts of worship belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage

Lead to eternal life

Shari’ah: law code to live by which regulates family, business, government, and moral conduct.

The Teaching of Muhammad

Open to page 190

Fill out the graphic organizer

Answer the question which relates.

Chart Skills

{Chapter 6-2

The Arab Empire and Its Successors

After Muhammad’s death he left no spiritual/political leader for the Islamic community

Abu Bakr: a wealthy merchant and Muhammad’s father-in-law, chosen to be leader of the community

Caliph: the religious and political successor to Muhammad. 632 C.E Bakr named this

Arab Conquest Jihad: “struggle in the way of God.” Quran permits fair, defensive

warfare Military leaders expand the empire

Arab Rule Relatively tolerant Christians and Jews can practice faith with restrictions “People of

the Book” Had to accept Muslim rule Had to pay a special tax.

Creation of an Arab Empire

Mu’awiyah (moo UH wee uh): General who governed Syria who became the next Caliph in 661 C.E.

Founded the Umayyad Dynasty Moved capital from Medina to Damascus

Umayyad Conquests Begins to take over Spain in 710 C.E.

725 C.E most of Spain under Islamic control Cordoba is capital

Battle of Tours: In 732 C.E. Islamic forces halted in France at Tours

Split in Islam Shia Sunni

Both groups divided the Muslim world

The Umayyads

This is what you will use for all your homework this evening.

Open to page 195

Read the Excerpt

Why was this battle a turning point in History?

What would have happened if the results were different?

Turning Point

On page 195

Look at the map

Answer the two questions which pertain to the map

GeographySkills

Divide the reading between all members of your group

Answer the 3 discussion questions at the end on a separate sheet of paper.

This is what you will use for all your homework this evening.

People in World History

Using the information on the map answer all questions on the paper used for the previous activity

Mapping HistoryDistant Outposts

Umayyad Dynasty growing unfavorable Abu al-Abbas: over throws dynasty in 750 C.E and established the

Abbasid Dynasty-lasted until 1258 C.E.

Abbasid Rule Baghdad: newly created capital along Tigris river Judges, merchants, and government officials seen as heroes All Muslims can become important officials regardless of ethic

background Harun al-Rashid: ruled during the golden age of the Abbasid

Caliphate known for charity, support of artist and writers. Also astronomy

flourished. Translated Greek works Trade flourishes Bureucracy becomes more complex

Vizier: council headed by a prime minister meets to discuss issues, Caliph will listen and whisper his orders

The Abbasid Dynasty

Open to page 197

Look at the map

Answer the questions which relate to the map

Geography Skills

Abbasid empire fragmenting Fatimid Dynasty: established in Egypt

Hired non-native soldiers

Seljuk Turks: nomadic people from central Asia Growing power Captured Baghdad new title given to leader Sultan: “Holder of

power” Comes into conflict with the Byzantine Empire

Seljuk Turks

Alexius I: Byzantine Emperor asks Christian states of the West for assistance against the Turks

1096 C.E: First Crusade Europeans take control of Palestine

Saladin: 1169 emerges as Islamic leader against crusaders 1187: invades the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Does not allow a massacre Allows Christian Religious practiced to continue

Little lasting impact on region Except breed centuries of mistrust between

Christians and Muslims

The Crusades

Mongols: pastoral nomads who began a reign of terror across much of the Eurasian continents

Genghis Khan Kublai Khan Hulegu (Hoo-Lay-Goo): seized control of Baghdad, extreme hatred

of Islam Destroyed schools, libraries, and Mosques: Muslim houses of worship Killed a million Muslims, and members of the Abbasid Dynasty

The Mongols

Using the Worksheet

Read and Answer all questions regarding the document

Create a T chart which relates to the government styles then and now

Linking Past and Present

How Did the Arab Empire Succeed?

Open to page 198

Create a Venn Diagram of SOURCE ONE and SOURCE TWO

Compare and Contrast these two sources. How are they similar? How are they different?

Answer the two questions which relate

Opposing View Points

{

Islamic Civilization

6-3

Read and answer all questions which relate

Graphic Organizer 6.3