The benefits of interior lines could be gained either by central position or superior lateral communications Used a Trinitarian analysis consisting of (1) primordial violence, hatred, and enmity; (2) the play of chance and probability; and (3) wars element of subordination to rational policy Often loosely expressed as the people, the military, and the government 1. Leader of the Chinese Communist Party 2. Founded the Peoples Republic of China following the Chinese Civil War ( ) 3. Father of modern guerrilla warfare 4. On Protracted War (1938), The Art of War (1936), On Guerrilla Warfare (1937) 1. Master of Mobile Warfare a. Graduate of VMI and West Point b Punitive Expedition vs. Poncho Villa c Founded the 1 st U.S. Tank Training School d. Commander of the Third Army in WWII 1. When undertaking any mission, commanders should have a clear understanding of the expected outcome and its impact. Commanders need to appreciate political ends and understand how the military conditions they achieve contribute to them. a. Ensure that all actions contribute to the goals of the higher headquarters. 1. Offensive operations are essential to maintain the freedom of action necessary for success, exploit vulnerabilities, and react to rapidly changing situations and unexpected developments. a. Offensive actions are those taken to dictate the nature, scope, and tempo of an operation. b. Offensive action is key to achieving decisive results; it is the essence of successful operations. 1. Commanders mass the effects of combat power in time and space to overwhelm enemies or gain control of the situation. a. Time: applies the elements of combat power against multiple targets simultaneously b. Space : concentrates the effects of different elements of combat power against a single target 1. Commanders never leave any element without a purpose. When the time comes to execute, all elements should have tasks to perform. a. Economy of force requires accepting prudent risk in selected areas to achieve superiority in the decisive operation. b. Economy of force involves the discriminating employment and distribution of forces. 1. As both an element of combat power and a principle of war, maneuver concentrates and disperses combat power to place and keep the enemy at a disadvantage. It includes the dynamic, flexible application of leadership, firepower, information, and protection as well. a. Achieves results that would otherwise be more costly b. Keeps enemies off balance by making them confront new problems and new dangers faster than they can deal with them. 1. Unity of command means that a single commander directs and coordinates the actions of all forces toward a common objective. a. Develops the full combat power of a force b. Usually requires giving a single commander authority 1. Calculated risk is inherent in conflict. Security protects and preserves combat power. a. Does not involve excessive caution b. Measures taken by a command to protect itself from surprise, interference, sabotage, annoyance, and threat 1. Surprise results from taking actions for which an enemy or adversary is unprepared. a. It is only necessary that the enemy become aware too late to react effectively. b. Contributions to surprise include speed, information superiority, and asymmetry. 1. Plans and orders should be simple and direct. Simple plans executed on time are better than detailed plans executed late. a. Clear and concise plans cut down on misunderstandings